Ace Ahead Mathematics S & T Volume 1

When p = 3, q = 4
Hence, p = 3 and q = 4 since p = 3 and
q = 4 will give a negative value.

Exam Practice 1
1.

x+2 x6 = x3
Squaring both sides,
(x + 2) + (x 6) 2( x + 2)( x 6)
=x3
x 1 = 2( x + 2)( x 6)
Squaring both sides,
x2 2x + 1 = 4(x2 4x 12)
x2 2x + 1 = 4x2 16x 48
3x2 14x 49 = 0
(3x + 7)(x 7) = 0
7 is not acceptable.
Therefore, x = 7 as x =
3
6x
2. = 5
( x 1)
Squaring both sides,
6x
= 25
( x 1)
6x = 25 x 25
25 x = 6x + 25
Squaring both sides,
625x = (6x + 25)2
= 36x2 + 300x + 625
36x2 325x + 625 = 0
(4x 25)(9x 25) = 0
25 or x =
25
Therefore, x =
4
9
3. ( a + b c )2 = a + b2c + 2b ac
Similarly,
( 18 + 3 )2 = 18 + 12(3) + 2(1) 18 3
= 21 + 216
Since
216 < 225 ,
( 18 + 3 )2 < 21 + 225
( 18 + 3 )2 < 36
18 + 3 < 6

4.

66 24 6 = p 2 + q 3
Squaring both sides,
66 24 6 = (p 2 + q 3 )2
= 2p2 + 3q2 + 2pq 6
Comparing the corresponding terms,
2pq = 24
12
q = ......(1)
p
2p2 + 3q2 = 66

144
2p + 3
= 66
p2
2

2p4 66p2 + 432

p4 33p2 + 216
(p2 9)(p2 24)
p2
p

=
=
=
=
=

0
0
0
9 or p2 = 24
3 since p = 2 6
is not an integer

Therefore, 66 24 6 = 3 2 + 4 3
1

5. x 3 3x

=2

y =
y 3y1 =
y2 2y 3 =
(y 3)(y + 1) =
y =

Let

x3
2
0
0
3 or

y = 1

x3

x3

= 3 or
x = 27 or

= 1
x = 1

6. 27(32x) 82(3x) + 3 = 0
Let y = 3x
27y2 82y + 3 = 0
(27y 1)(y 3) = 0
1 or y = 3
y =
27
1 or 3x = 3
3x =
27
x = 3 or x = 1
7.

51 x
(1 x)log105
log10 5
log10 5
log10 5
log10 5
0.6990
x = =
log10 45
1.6532

32x
2x log10 3
2x log10 3 + x log10 5
x(log10 32 + log10 5)
x log10(9 5)

=
=
=
=
=

= 0.4228 = 0.423
[3 significant figures]
8. 42x 8(22x) 9 = 0
42x 8(4x) 9 = 0
Let y = 4x
y2 8y 9 = 0
(y 9)(y + 1) = 0
y = 9 or y = 1
4x = 9 since 4x = 1 is not possible
x log10 4 = log10 9
log10 9
0.9542
x = = = 1.58
log10 4
0.6021
[correct to 3 significant
figures]
9. (a) xyz = (loga b)(logb c)(logc a)
loga c loga a
= (loga b)

loga b loga c
= loga a = 1 [shown]
(b) log10 (2n + 1) log10 2n < log101.0025

2n + 1 < log 1.0025

log10
10
2n
2n
+
1
< 1.0025
2n
1

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 1

3/27/2008 4:11:31 PM

2n + 1
2n + 1
2.005n 2n
0.005n

<
<
>
>

(2n)1.0025
2.005n
1
1
1
n >
0.005
n > 200
The least integral value of n is 201.

1 +
1
10. (a) log10 (a1 + b1) = log10
a
b
b
+
a
= log10
ab
= log10 (b + a) log10(ab)
= log10 (a + b) log10 a
log10 b [proven]
logx x
(b) logab x =
logx ab
1
=
logx a + logx b
1
=
loga a logb b
+
loga x logb x
1
=
1 +
1

y
z
yz
= [proven]
y+z

1
11. log9 xy =
2
1

xy = 9 2
=3
3
y=
x
3 into log x log y = 2,
Substitute y =
3
3
x
3 = 2
log3 x log3
x
log3 x[log3 3 log3 x] = 2
log3 x (log3 x)2 = 2
(log3 x)2 log3 x 2 = 0
Let p = log3 x,
p2 p 2 = 0
(p 2)(p + 1) = 0
p = 2 or p = 1
log3 x = 2 or log3 x = 1
x = 32 or x = 31
1 or x =
1,y=9
Therefore, x = 9, y =
3
3
1 + 2i 1 + 2i 1 + i
12. =
1i
1i
1+i
1
+
2i
+
i
+ 2i2
=
2
1i
1
+
3i
=
2
1,y=
3
Therefore, x =
2
2
13. z1 = 3 i
z2 = 1 + i

1
1 + z z * =

+ (3 i)(1 i)
1 2
z1*
3+i
1
(3 i)
= + 3 i 3i + i 2
(3 + i) (3 i)
3i
= + 2 4i
9+1
20 40i
3i
= +
10
10
23
41
= i
10
10
23
41
Therefore, a = and b =
10
10
14. z1 = 1 + 5i
z2 = 2 + i
z1z2* + z1*z2
= (1 + 5i)(2 i) + (1 5i)(2 + i)
= 2 + 5 + 9i + 2 + 5 9i
= 14 [shown]
15. (a) z = 2 2i
z + z* = 2 2i + 2 + 2i
=4
z z* = 2 2i (2 + 2i)
= 4i
= i(z + z*)[shown]
1
1
1 +
1 =
(b)
+
z
z* 2 2i 2 + 2i
1
1
i +
i

=
i
i
2 2i
2 + 2i
i
i
= +
2i + 2 2i 2
i
i
=
2 + 2i 2 2i
1
1 [shown]
=i
z*
z

16. (a)

z1
z2
z3
z3

=
=
=
=
=
=
|z3| =
=

4 3i
2+i
z1z2
(4 3i)(2 + i)
8 + 3 2i
11 2i
112 + (2)2
11.18
2
(b) arg z3 = tan1
11
= 0.18 radian
(c)
Im

Re
z3

(11, 2)

3 ai
3 ai
1 + 3i
17. =
1 3i
1 3i
1 + 3i
3 + a 3 + (3 a)i
=
1+3
3 (a + 1) + (3 a)i
=
4

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 2

3/27/2008 4:11:33 PM

Comparing the real and imaginary parts,

a2 b2 = 1 ......(1)
2ab = 2 2

3 ai
If is real number,
1 3i
3a=0
a=3

2
b =
a

3(3 + 1)
Therefore, the real number =
4
= 3
18.

z1 =
z2 =
z1z2 =
=
=

2
Substitute b = into (1),
a
2
=1
a2
a2
a4 a2 2 = 0
(a2 2)(a2 + 1) = 0
a2 = 2 since a2 > 0 for real values of a.
When a = 2 , b = 1
Therefore, z1 = 2 i and z2 = 2 + i

1 3i
3+i
(1 3i)( 3 + i)
3 + 3 + (1 3)i
2 3 2i

r = |z1z2| = (2 3 )2 + (2)2

(b)

= 12 + 4
=4
2
= arg z1z2 = tan1
2 3

=
6

Therefore, z1z2 = 4 cos + i sin

6
6

z1 ( 2, 1)

(c) |z1| = ( 2 )2 + (1)2

= 3
|z2| = ( 2 )2 + (1)2
= 3
1
arg z1 = tan1
2
= 0.615 radian
1
arg z2 = tan1
2
= 2.526 radians

x = 2 since x = 2 does not have real

values.
Therefore, x = 2 , y = 2
20. Let z = a + bi
zz* 5iz
= (a + bi)(a bi) 5i(a + bi) = 10 20i
a2 + b2 5ai + 5b = 10 20i
(a2 + b2 + 5b) 5ai = 10 20i
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
a2 + b2 + 5b = 10 ......(1)
5a = 20
a=4
into (1),
10
0
0
3

Therefore, z = 4 2i or z = 4 3i
21. (a) Let z = a bi
(a bi)2 = 1 2 2i
2
a b2 2abi = 1 2 2i

Re

19. (x + yi)2 = 4i
x2 y2 + 2xyi = 4i
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
x2 y2 = 0 ...... (1)
2xy = 4
2
y = ...... (2)
x
(2) into (1),
2 2
x2 = 0
x
x4 4 = 0
(x2 2)(x2 + 2) = 0

Substitute a = 4
16 + b2 + 5b =
b2 + 5b + 6 =
(b + 3)(b + 2) =
b = 2 or b =

Im
( 2, 1)
z2

22.

z2 + 4z = 4 6i
(z + 2)2 22 = 4 6i
(z + 2)2 = 8 6i
z + 2 = 8 6i
Let (a + bi)2 = 8 6i
a2 b2 + 2abi = 8 6i
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
a2 b2 = 8 ...... (1)
2ab = 6
3
b =
a
3
Substitute b = into (1),
a
9
2
=8
a
a2
4
2
a 8a 9 = 0
(a2 9)(a2 + 1) = 0
a2 = 9 since a2 > 0 for real values of a.
When a = 3, b = 1
Hence, z + 2 = 3 i or z + 2 = 3 + i
Therefore, z = 1 i or z = 5 + i
When z = 1 i,
|z| = 12 + (1)2
= 2
3

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 3

3/27/2008 4:11:33 PM

(b) A (A
B)' = A  (A
B)
= (A  A)
(A  B) [distributive law]
= A
(A  B)
=A
[proven]

1
arg z = tan1
1

= radian
4
When z = 5 + i,
|z| = (5)2 + 12
= 26
1
arg z = tan1
5
= 2.94 radians

23. n(A
B) = 36
n(A  B) = 4
n(B A) = 3[n(A B)]
Let n(A B) = x and n(B A) = y = 3x
x + 4 + y = 36
x + 4 + 3x = 36
A
B
4x = 32
4
x
y
x=8
y = 24
n(A) = 8 + 4
= 12
n(B) = 24 + 4
= 28
24.

A'  B  C'

7
3
C'  D

n(C) = 10

6
D

n(A) = 38 (6 + 10 + 7)
= 15
25. (a) If A  B, then A
B = B
If B  C, then B  C = B
Therefore, A
B = B  C [shown]
(b) (A B)
B = (A  B')
B
= (A
B)  (B'
B) [distributive law]
= (A
B) 
=A
B
= A if B  A
[shown]
26. (a) A
( B  A')
= (A
B)  (A
A') [distributive law]
= (A
B) 
=A
B
[proven]

27. (A  B) (A  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)'
= (A  B)  (A'
C')
[de Morgans law]
= (A  B  A')
(A  B  C')
= [(A  A')  B]
[A  (B  C')]
[commutative law]
= (  B)
[A  (B C)]
=
[A  (B C)]
= A  (B C)
[proven]
28. B [(A  B)' (A'  B)]
= B [(A  B)'  (A'  B)']
= B [(A'
B')  (A
B')]
[de Morgans law]
= B [(A'  A)
B'] [distributive law]
= B (
B')
= B B'
=BB
=B
29. (a) A  (B'
C)'
= A  (B  C')
= (A  B)  C'
= (A  B) C
(b) A (B  C)
= A  (B  C)'
= A  (B'
C')
= (A  B')
(A  C')
= (A B)
(A C)

[de Morgans law]

[associative law]
[proven]

[de Morgans law]

[distributive law]
[proven]

30. (A
B)'  [(A
C) (B
C)]

= (A
B)'  [(A
C)  (B
C)']
= (A'  B')  [(A
C)  (B'  C')]
[de Morgans law]
= (B'  A')  (B'  C')  (A
C)
[commutative law]
= B'  (A'  C')  (A
C)
[distributive law]
= B'  (A
C)'  (A
C)
[de Morgans law]
= B' 
= [proven]

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 4

3/27/2008 4:11:33 PM