Phan mem dich cac doan ma voi form !

AIVDM
http://www.maritec.co.za/aisvdmvdodecoding.php
L k thut t m, ti c tm kim vo cc phng php c s dng m ha v
gii m d liu c gi trong thng ip AIS. C mt ngun ti nguyn tuyt vi m gii
thch cc phng php c sn t:
http://gpsd.berlios.de/AIVDM.html

Table 1. ASCII payload

armoring
Char ASCII Decimal Bits
"0"

48

000000

"1"

49

000001

"2"

50

000010

"3"

51

000011

"4"

52

000100

"5"

53

000101

"6"

54

000110

"7"

55

000111

"8"

56

001000

"9"

57

001001

":"

58

10

001010

";"

59

11

001011

"<"

60

12

001100

"="

61

13

001101

">"

62

14

001110

"?"

63

15

001111

"@"

64

16

010000

"A"

65

17

010001

"B"

66

18

010010

Table 1. ASCII payload

armoring
Char ASCII Decimal Bits

"C"

67

19

010011

"D"

68

20

010100

"E"

69

21

010101

"F"

70

22

010110

"G"

71

23

010111

"H"

72

24

011000

"I"

73

25

011001

"J"

74

26

011010

"K"

75

27

011011

"L"

76

28

011100

"M"

77

29

011101

"N"

78

30

011110

"O"

79

31

011111

"P"

80

32

100000

"Q"

81

33

100001

"R"

82

34

100010

"S"

83

35

100011

"T"

84

36

100100

"U"

85

37

100101

"V"

86

38

100110

"W"

87

39

100111

"`"

96

40

101000

Table 1. ASCII payload

armoring
Char ASCII Decimal Bits
"a"

97

41

101001

"b"

98

42

101010

"c"

99

43

101011

"d"

100

44

101100

"e"

101

45

101101

"f"

102

46

101110

"g"

103

47

101111

"h"

104

48

110000

"i"

105

49

110001

"j"

106

50

110010

"k"

107

51

110011

"l"

108

52

110100

"m"

109

53

110101

"n"

110

54

110110

"o"

111

55

110111

"p"

112

56

111000

"q"

113

57

111001

"r"

114

58

111010

"s"

115

59

111011

"t"

116

60

111100

"u"

117

61

111101

"v"

118

62

111110

"w"

119

63

111111

Concatenate all six-bit quantities found in the payload, MSB first. This is the binary
payload of the sentence.

S dng thng tin nh mt hng dn, ti thit lp v gii m tin nhn AIS ngu nhin
ti nhn c. y l thng ip AIS liu:
! AIVDM, 1,1,, A, 15O86n001TJ3KutH8ar @ <h; l06Hh, 0 * 5D
Tin nhn khng phi l c bit con ngi c th c c, v n phi c gii m mt
cch cn thn trch xut cc d liu. y l c gng ca ti gii m, m s bng v d
chng minh phng php ny.
Tin nhn c by lnh vc. Nm lnh vc u tin c th d dng gii m qua s kim tra n
gin. Trng th su l ti trng d liu v yu cu kh phc tp gii m: S dng tin nhn
mu ca ti l mt v d, chng ta thy:
LNH VC D LIU GII THCH
! 1 AIVDM nh danh cho AIVDM gi
2 1 Lt mnh v trong tin nhn hin hnh; Mt mnh, tc l, thng ip c
hon tt trong on ny.
3 1 s mnh v ca on ny, y l on u tin ca tin nhn.
4 (trng) tun t ID tin nhn cho tin nhn a cu.
5 A knh v tuyn in; Mt l 161,975 MHz; B l 162,025 MHz
6 15O86n001TJ3KutH8ar @ <h; l06Hh Cc trng ti d liu, xem di y.
7 0 * 5D s bit in cn thit pad trng ti d liu, xem di y
Vi kim tra kh n gin chng ta bit y l thng bo trng Quc t M, l trong
mt mnh, y l on u tin, n khng phi l mt phn ca mt chui tin nhn di
hn, v n c gi trn knh radio 161,975 MHz. By gi cho cc phn cng: gii m
d liu paylod.
Gii m cc d liu ti trng
Ti trng d liu l mt m ha phc tp ca thng tin vo chui ASCII. Mi k t ASCII i
din cho su bit d liu. Chng ti gii thch bng v d.Xem xt cc k t ASCII u tin
trong cc ti trng, "1":
K t ASCII "1" l ASCII gi tr 49. phc hi d liu ti trng chng ta tr i 48 t gi tr
ny. Nu kt qu l ln hn 40, tr i 8.
49-48 = 1
Ti trng d liu ca chng ti l s thp phn 1. 1 s thp phn l mt su-bit s nh phn
000001.
Su bit u tin ca ti trng d liu ca chng ti l 000001. H l nhng kiu tin
nhn. Mt loi thng ip "000.001" gii m "V tr Bo co lp A."

Cc k t ASCII tip theo l "5". iu ny gii m "110101"

Tip tc qu trnh ny, chng ti c mt bng ti trng nh sau
(xem Bng 1 trong ti liu tham kho lin kt trn)
ASCII
1
5
O
8
6
n
0
0
1
T
J
3
K
u
t
8
a
r
@
<
h
;
l
0
6
H
h

BINARY PAYLOAD
000001
000101
011111
001000
000110
110110
000000
000000
000001
100100
011010
000011
011011
111101
111100
001000
101001
111010
010000
001100
110000
001011
110100
000000
000110
011000
110000

By gi chng ta ghp tt c cc ti trng c gii m thnh mt chui tin nhn di. Chui
ny sau c gii m nh sau
BIT POSITION
0-5

DATA
Message Type

OUR DATA
000001

NGHA
Position Report Class A

By gi chng ta c th gii m d liu m sau theo dng cho Chc v Bo co Class A,

l:
Lp li 6-7 Ch tiu 00
8-37 MMSI 010101111100100000011011011000
Cc d liu v tr 8 n 37 i din cho s nh phn du l tng ng nh phn ca mt
s thp phn 9 ch s - tu MMSI:

1
5
O
8
6
n
0
0
1
0000010001010111110010000001101101100000000000000

RAW DATA
EXTRACT 6-BIT CODING

010101111100100000011011011000
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
1
2
3
4

EXTRACT 8 to 37

--------010101111100100000011011011000---> 368183000
DECIMAL

CONVERT TO

-------- 010101111100100000011011011000 ---> 368.183.000 Chuyn i sang thp

phn
Cc MMSI ca tu gi gi tin ny l 368.183.000.
Lnh vc 38 thng qua 41 (bn bit) m ha cc trng thi Navigation nh mt kiu lit
k. Vi bn bit c 16 kiu lit k. Trng ti thng ip ca chng ti l
1
5
O
8
6
n
0
0
1
00000100010101111100010000001101101100000000000000
0000
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
1
2
3
4

RAW DATA
EXTRACT 6-BIT CODING
EXTRACT 38 to 41

gii thch "ang hot s dng cng c."

Lnh vc 42 n 49 l tm bit m m ha T Bt.
1
5
O
8
6
n
0
0
1
00000100010101111100010000001101101100000000000000
00000000
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
1
2
3
4

RAW DATA
EXTRACT 6-BIT CODING
EXTRACT 42 to 49

Ti trng d liu cho T Bt trong trng hp ny l 00000000 hoc "khng quay."

By gi chng ti nhn c nhiu hn ti trng d liu cho cc d liu c m ha tip
theo.
1

000001100100011010000011011011111101111100001000101001111101
890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
1
1

RAW DATA
6-BIT CODING

Lnh vc 50-59 m ha tc trn mt t. Ti trng d liu ca chng ti l

0001100100
m l mt s nh phn c th chuyn i sang thp phn 100. Tc c a ra ln th X
ca mt nt, v vy tc tu l 10,0-hi l.

Cho n nay ti c th gii m thnh cng d liu t tin nhn, nhng trn lnh vc kinh
, ti bi ri. Ti cn mt s gip .

60 lnh vc m ha cc v tr chnh xc vi mt cht. Gi tr ca chng ti l 0, c ngha l

mt un-tng cng GNSS sa cha. Mt gi tr 1 c s dng cho DGPS cht lng sa
cha, tt hn so vi chnh xc 10 mt.
Lnh vc 61 thng qua 88 m ha cc kinh .
1

1101000001101101111110111110
890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
1
1
Ti trng d liu l 1101000001101101111110111110.
"Bitfields S c hiu l ln v cui s nguyn two's-b sung, khi k kt, cc bit du l cao
nht."
Bit u tin l du hiu: 0 c ngha l tch cc v 1 c ngha l tiu cc. y l mt s m,
v th mt kinh Ty kinh tuyn gc. Gi tr ca s m l
101000001101101111110111110
Chng ti gii m ny l 84.336.574. l ng?
Cc d liu "84336574" c cho l i din cho kinh trong n v 0.0001-pht. Kinh
thc t c truyn i l 083.135250-Ty. Ti bit iu ny bi v ti s dng mt b gii
m t ng x l tin nhn.
Kinh 083.135250 s c chuyn i sang cc n v cn thit nh sau:
083.135250- x 60-minutes/1-degree = 4988,115-pht
4988.115-pht x (10.000) = 49.881.150 - 10, 000ths ca mt pht
v iu ny c ngha cc trng Quc t M nn c truyn mt s "49881150"
Ti khng th tm ra ni ti i khi ng ray y. C ba kh nng:
- Ti trch xut d liu nh phn sai t ti trng;
- Ti chuyn i cc d liu ti trng nh phn sang thp phn khng chnh xc, hoc,
- Ti chuyn i sang d liu s thp phn kinh khng chnh xc.

Ti tm kim mt s tr gip y. C l ai c th kim tra cc bc ca ti vi cc d

liu kinh v khm ph ra li. Ti nghi ng c kh nng trong vic chuyn i d liu nh
phn sang thp phn. Xem cc ti liu tham kho lin kt bit thm chi tit v cc i
din ca s k trong h nh phn. Thanks cho bt k nh sng bn c th ta sng trn ny
cho ti.
Ti tm thy mt rt tin dng trn dng nh phn <-> s thp phn chuyn i ti
http://www.binaryconvert.com/
S dng thit b ny, ti chuyn i gii m nh phn ti trng ca ti s thp phn nh
sau:
Binary = 101000001101101111110111110
S thp phn = 84336574
l con s cng ti c, v vy chuyn i ca ti phi c chnh xc. iu ny c ngha
cc li phi:
- Xu gii m d liu ti trng nh phn
- Chuyn i xu ca s thp phn kinh
Mt ln na, ti tm kim mt s h tr, nh ti kim tra cc bc bn thn mnh .
S dng hai ca b sung s hc, cc s c i din thc s l -49.881.154.
Chng ta hy th s ca Dave:
-49881154
L tiu cc, iu ny c ngha l Ty kinh . S lng i din cho s 10.000 ngy-camt-pht. N cng c gi nh mt s nguyn v cn m rng n bn ch s thp phn,
do
Pht 4988.1154
Chia cho 60 c c :
4988.1154 / 60 = 83,135256666666667-
PERFECT!
V tr ch nh c cho l
083.135250-Ty
v gi tr ny (-49881154) gii m
083.135256-Ty

S khc bit dng nh l do ct xn, thay v lm trn. C l l mt li trong cng c

chuyn i khc.
By gi, Dave, xin vui lng gii thch cho ti phng php no bn s dng gii m
101000001101101111110111110
vo -49.881.154. Ti khng hon ton hiu cc kha cnh two's-b sung bn cp n.
Ch i - Ti c n:
Phng php ny l nh sau:
i theo s nh phn c gii m t ti trng AIS, tch ra khi bit u tin l mt du hiu,
sau i cc bit cn li l mt s nguyn unsigned l ca hai b sung ca cc con s
thc t. Chuyn i d liu gc b sung hai ca mnh.
Bit u tin ca ti trng l mt "1" v th mt s m. Ti trng cn li tr thnh:
101000001101101111110111110
Chng ti p dng phng php ny:
101000001101101111110111110 ------ d liu gc
010111110010010000001000001 ------ ca mt ngi b sung
010111110010010000001000010 ------ thm mt c c b sung hai ca
By gi chng ta chuyn i s nh phn sang thp phn l mt s nguyn khng du:
010111110010010000001000010 -> 49.881.154