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Vaccines:VPDVAC/Varicella/VaccineEffectivenessandDurationofProtection

VaricellaVaccineEffectivenessandDurationofProtection
InformationforHealthcareProviders

VaccineEffectiveness
Onedose
1doseofsingleantigenvaricellavaccineis
85%effectiveatpreventinganyformofvaricella
almost100%effectiveagainstseverevaricella

Twodoses
Inaprelicensureclinicaltrial,2dosesofvaccinewere
98%effectiveatpreventinganyformofvaricella
100%effectiveagainstseverevaricella
Inpostlicensurestudies,2dosesofvaccinewere
88%to98%effectiveatpreventingallvaricella

InChildrenwithHIVinfection
1doseofsingleantigenvaricellavaccineis
82%effectiveatpreventinganyformofvaricella

DurationofProtection
Itisnotknownhowlongavaccinatedpersonisprotectedagainstvaricella.But,livevaccinesin
generalprovidelonglastingimmunity.
Severalstudieshaveshownthatpeoplevaccinatedagainstvaricellahadantibodiesforatleast
10to20yearsaftervaccination.But,thesestudiesweredonebeforethevaccinewaswidely
usedandwheninfectionwithwildtypevaricellawasstillverycommon.
Acasecontrolstudyconductedfrom1997to2003showedthat1doseofvaricellavaccinewas
97%effectiveinthefirstyearaftervaccinationand86%effectiveinthesecondyear.Fromthe
secondtoeighthyearaftervaccination,thevaccineeffectivenessremainedstableat81to86%.
Mostvaccinatedchildrenwhodevelopedvaricelladuringthe8yearsaftervaccinationhad
milddisease.(1)
Aclinicaltrialshowedthatchildrenwith2dosesofvaricellavaccinewereprotected10years
afterbeingvaccinated.Fewerpeoplehadbreakthroughvaricellaafter2dosescomparedwith1
dose.Theriskofbreakthroughvaricelladidnotincreaseovertime.(2)
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpdvac/varicella/hcpeffectiveduration.htm

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(1)VzquezM,LaRussaPS,GershonAA,NiccolaiLM,MuehlenbeinCE,SteinbergSP,Shapiro
ED.Effectivenessovertimeofvaricellavaccine.JAMA.2004Feb18291(7):8515.
(2)KuterB,MatthewsH,ShinefieldH,BlackS,DennehyP,WatsonB,etal.Tenyearfollowup
ofhealthychildrenwhoreceivedoneortwoinjectionsofvaricellavaccine.PediatrInfectDisJ.
200423:1327.

References
ShapiroED,VazquezM,EspositoD,HolabirdN,SteinbergSP,DziuraJ,etal.Effectivenessof
2dosesofvaricellavaccineinchildren(http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/203/3/312.long)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).JInfectDis.2011Feb203(3):3125.
SonM,ShapiroED,LaRussaP,NeuN,MichalikDE,MeglinM,etal.Effectivenessofvaricella
vaccineinchildreninfectedwithHIV(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?
term=Effectiveness%20of%20varicella%20vaccine%20in%20children%20infected%20with%20HIV)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).JInfectDis.2010Jun15201(12):180610.

GouldPL,LeungJ,ScottC,SchmidDS,DengH,LopezA,etal.Anoutbreakofvaricellain
elementaryschoolchildrenwithtwodosevaricellavaccinerecipientsArkansas,2006

(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).
PediatrInfectDisJ.2009Aug28(8):67881.
MarinM,MeissnerHC,SewardJF.VaricellapreventionintheUnitedStates:areviewof
successesandchallenges(http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/122/3/e744.long)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).Pediatrics.2008Sep122(3):e74451.Review.
SewardJF,MarinM,VasquezM.VaricellavaccineeffectivenessintheUnitedStates
vaccinationprogram:areview(http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/197/Supplement_2/S82.long)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).JInfectDis(Suppl).2008Mar1197Suppl
2:S829.Review.
ChavesSS,GargiulloP,ZhangJX,CivenR,GurisD,MascolaL,etal.Lossofvaccineinduced
immunitytovaricellaovertime(http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa064040)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).NEnglJMed.2007Mar15356(11):11219.
KuterB,MatthewsH,ShinefieldH,BlackS,DennehyP,WatsonB,etal.Tenyearfollowupof
healthychildrenwhoreceivedoneortwoinjectionsofvaricellavaccine
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14872179) (http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).
PediatrInfectDisJ.200423:1327.
VzquezM,LaRussaPS,GershonAA,NiccolaiLM,MuehlenbeinCE,SteinbergSP,Shapiro
ED.Effectivenessovertimeofvaricellavaccine(http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?
articleid=198218) (http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).JAMA.2004Feb18291(7):851
5.
JohnsonCE,StancinT,FattlarD,RomeLP,KumarML.Alongtermprospectivestudyof
varicellavaccineinhealthychildren(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=A%20long
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19593254)

term%20prospective%20study%20of%20varicella%20vaccine%20in%20healthy%20children)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).Pediatrics.1997100:7616.

AsanoY,SugaS,YoshikawaT,KobavashiI,YazakiT,ShibataM,etal.Experienceandreason:
twentyyearfollowupofprotectiveimmunityoftheOkastrainlivevaricellavaccine

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Experience%20and%20reason%3A%20twenty
year%20follow
up%20of%20protective%20immunity%20of%20the%20Oka%20strain%20live%20varicella%20vaccine)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html).Pediatrics.199494:5246.

RelatedPages
PreventionofVaricellaRecommendationsoftheAdvisoryCommitteeonImmunization
Practices(http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5604a1.htm)MMWR.2007.
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpdvac/varicella/hcpeffectiveduration.htm

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ConductingVaricellaSurveillance(http://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/hcp/conducting
surveillance.html)

MonitoringtheImpactofVaricellaVaccination(http://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/hcp/monitoring
varicella.html)

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