CHAPTER XI DRILL BIT SELECTION INTRODUCTION One of the more confusing aspects of oilwell drilling to the young and old a like is the numerous types of drill bits. The largest manufacturer of drill bits makes 34 types and 33 sizes (diameters) and many more on request. ‘The International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) organization has a system of assigning a designation code to each bit type. The meaning of the codes are shown in the table. The primary short coming of the API coding system is caused by the fact that manufacturers’ bits which on the surface may appear similar are very different in substance. ‘The IADC category of bits and types (called bit eodes) are 1. roller cone laoc SSIACETION FOR FORMATIONS sahara ‘| Seenraen, “Tooth al DRILL BIT SELECTION 522, MITCHELL Box 1492 Golden CO 80402a. identified by four codes; (1) series, (2) type, (3) feature #1, and (4) feature #2 b. the following chart present the IADC codes c. an example code is 522R. is the code for “insert bits” "2" is the code for "soft to medium formation" "2" is the code for “roller bearing air cooled” "R’ is the code for "reinforced welds” 2. fixed cutters a. identified by four codes; (1) cutter type and body material, (2) cross-section profile, (3) hydraulic design, and (4) cutter size and density b. the following charts presented the IADC codes c. an example code is M584 code for “polycrystalline diamond cutters/matrix body" code for “medium taper/medium cone” code for “fixed ports/open face” ‘ode for "medium cutter size/light cutter density" EXAMPLE OF JADCBIT CLASSIFICATION soft form. — mill tooth ADC Classification 124 { >. soft to medium soft formation, sealed within group roller bearings, milled ip 2,4, EN teeth, with extended extened nozzles nozzles sealed roller bearings soft form. . insert teeth ADC Classification 437X. { y———_ medium to hard soft formation, sealed Ta aT xh, Within croup friction bearing, insert : DS chisel chisel teeth, gauge { teeth, protection’ sealed friction bearing gauge protection ORL BIT 523 MITCHELL Box 1492 Golden CO soao2CODE A B c D E Pr G H I J K L M ADDITIONAL DESIGN FEATURES FEATURE CODE FEATURE Air application N Center jet Deviation control Extended jets Reinforced welds Standard steel teeth Extra gauge/body protection Jet deflection Chisel insert Conical insert Other insert Nemaccanmovo Fixed Cutter Codes First code designations are paper D - natural diamond/matrix body M - polycrystalline diamond cutters/matrix body §- polycrystalline diamond cutters/steel body 3 tnesmally stable polycrystalline diamond cutters/matrix body 0 - other Second code designations are FDR ee long taper/deep cone long taper/medium cone long taper/shallow or no cone (parabolic) medium taper/deep cone medium taper/medium cone medium taper/shallow or no cone(rounded) short taper/deep cone (inverted) short taper/medium cone short taper/shallow or ne cone (flat) : ‘Third code designations are oaperr DRILL BIT SELECTION pladed/changeable jets bladed/fixed ports bladed/open throat ribbed/changeable jets ribbed/fixed ports ribbed/open throat MITCHELL Box 1492 Golden CO 80402open face/changeable jets open face/fixed ports open face/open throat alternative codes a. radial flow D. cross flow c. other Been Fourth code designations are 1. cutter size; large, medium, and small 2. cutter density; light, medium, heavy Drill Bit Characteristics Roller cone drill bit characteristics of importance in regard to selection are: Teeth length and size Number of teeth (indexing) Cone offset Cone bearing type Heel row teeth configuration Gauge configuration Journal shaft angle (how flat or round the bottom hole pattern) AgaReNDe The teeth length and size and cone offset affect the drill bits penetration rate, The next three items on the list have a large affect on the bit life. The last item affects hole straightness, POLYCRYSTALINE DIAOND TUNGSTER CARBIDE ‘SUBSTRATE HARDFACING © CODES 5 DAIL BIT SELECTION 525 MITCHELL Box 1492 Golden CO 80402