EIGRP Implementation Implementing EIGRP.EIGRP Features Advanced distance vector Rapid convergence 100% loop-free classless routing Easy configuration Incremental partial bounded updates Load balancing across equal- and unequal-cost pathways Flexible network design Support for multiple network- layer protocols Multicast and unicast instead of broadcast address Support for VLSM and discontiguous subnets Manual summarization at any point in the internetworkEIGRP Tables USL NS leet ell List of directly connected Next-Hop Router routers running EIGRP. List of all routes learned Hees eae) sole AE from each EIGRP neighbor Destination 1 | B IP Routing Table List of all best routes from — EIGRP topology table and Destination 1 || the other routing processesEIGRP Path Calculation (Router C) IP EIGRP Neighbor Table Next-Hop Router Interface Router A Serial 0 Router B Serial 3 IP EIGRP Topology Table Feasible Distance | Advertised EIGRP Neicrx | (EIGRP Metric) | Distance | Neighbor 2000 1000 Router A(S0) |4— Successor 2500 1500 Router B (S3) |}«—— Feasible Successor Terstne mics Metric Outbound Next Hop (Feasible Distance) Interface | (EIGRP Neighbor) 10.1.1.0 /24 2000 Serial 0 | Router A I NetworkEIGRP Configuration RouterB (config) # router eigrp 100 = Enable the EIGRP routing process for AS 100 RouterB(config-router) # network 10.0.0.0 * Associate network 10.0.0.0 with the EIGRP routing process ‘Autonomous System = 100 2 172.16.1.0124| 192, 168.1.0/28 192.168.1.1/28 N72.16.1.1124 10.1.14 104.12 10222 10.223 router eigrp 100 router eigrp 100 network 172.16 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.15 network 10 network 10.0.0.0 router eigrp 100 network 10.0.0.0Verifying the EIGRP Configuration RouterX# show ip route eigrp * Display the current EIGRP entries in the routing table RouterA#show ip route eigrp 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets 10.2.2.0 [90/2681856] via 10.1.1.2, 00:18:22, Serial0/2/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets [90/2684416] via 10.1 00:15:35, Serial0/2/0EIGRP and Discontiguous Networks Default Scenario Configuration By default, EIGRP performs automatic summary on classful boundaries causing issues with discontiguous networks. 172.16.1.0 10.1.1.0 10.2.2.0 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 EIGRP will advertise network 172.16.0.0. EIGRP will advertise network 172.16.0.0.EIGRP and Discontiguous Networks Default Scenario Configuration (Cont.) Router B routing table, including discontiquous network 172.16.0.0 RouterB#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets c 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/2/0 c 10.2.2.0 is sores rzh connected pay 00363EIGRP and Discontiguous Networks with no auto-summary EIGRP with the no auto-summary command can advertise subnets and therefore can support discontiguous networks. 172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 EIGRP will advertise network 172.16.1.0. EIGRP will advertise network 172.16.2.0. |iEIGRP and Discontiguous Networks Default Scenario Configuration (Cont.) RouterX (config-router) # no auto-summary * Disable automatic summarization with the no auto-summary command RouterB#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets Cc 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/2/0 & 10.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/3/0 * Display Router B routing table after the no auto-summary command on all the routersVerifying the EIGRP Configuration (Cont.) Routerx show ip protocols Display the parameters and current state of the active process RouterA#show ip protocols Routing Protocol i: eee Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Redistributing: ei 100 Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: Routing Information Sources: Gatewa: Distance Last Update Distance: emi 4 — FcVerifying the EIGRP Configuration (Cont.) RouterX# show ip eigrp interfaces « Display information about interfaces configured for EIGRP RouterA#show ip eigrp interfaces IP-EIGRP interfaces for process 100 Xmit Queue Mean Pacing Time Multicast Pending Un/Reliable SRTT Un/Reliable Flow Timer Routes 0/0 1236 o/1 ° ° 0/0 1236 10/380 ° 0Verifying the EIGRP Configuration (Cont.) RouterX# show ip eigrp neighbors = Display the neighbors discovered by IP EIGRP. RouterC#show ip eigrp neighbors IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRIT RTO Q (ms) ent 768 4608 0 768 4608 0Verifying the EIGRP Configuration (Cont.) RouterX# show ip eigrp topology = Display the IP EIGRP topology table RouterC#show ip eigrp topology IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 100 Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, x - Reply status P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160 via Connected, FastEthernet0/0 P10.2.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 5511936 via Connected, Serial0/3/0 one , 1 successors, is via 10.3.3.1 (5220352/28160), Serial0/0/0 via 10.2.2.2 (6026496/2172416), Serial0/3/0 P 10.3.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 5217792 via Connected, Serial0/0/0Verifying the EIGRP Configuration (Cont.) Routerx# show ip eigrp traffic = Display the number of IP EIGRP packets sent and received RouterC#show ip eigrp traffic Updates gant) conelcan: 10/9 Queries sent/received: 1/0 Replies sent/received: 0/1 Acks sent/received: 5/8 SIA-Queries sent/received: 0/0 SIA-Replies sent/received: 0/0 Hello Process ID: 232 PDM Process ID: 230 IP Socket queue: 0/2000/2/0 (current/max/highest/drops) Eigrp input queue: 0/2000/2/0 (current/max/highest/drops)debug ip eigrp Command = Used to analyze the EIGRP packets that an interface sends. and receives RouterC#debu Int 10.140.1.0/24 metric 40512000 - 40000000 512000 IP-EIGRP eae Ota 2100): IP-EIGRP(Default-IP-Routing-Table: 100) : Int 10.140.1.0/24 matric 40512000 - 40000000 512000 IP-EIGRP (Default-IP-Routing-Table:100) ; Processing incoming QUERY packet ineae ob sn eae Table: 100 IP-EIGRP(Default-IP-Routing-Table:100) : IP-EIGRP (Default-IP-Routing-Table — : Int 10.140.1.0/24 metric 40512000 - 40000000 512000 IP-EIGRP(Default-IP-Routing-Table:100) : | Note: EIGRP routes are exchanged only when a change in topology occurs.EIGRP Metric = The criteria that EIGRP uses by default to calculate its metric: — Bandwidth — Delay « The optional criteria that EIGRP can be configured to use when calculating its metric: — Reliability — Load * Metric calculation method (K values) as well as AS number must match.Examining the Metric Values RouterC#show interface Fastethernet0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected) Hardware is Lance, address is 0001.9769.5b01 (bia 0001.9769.5b01) Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24

* Verify the EIGRP metric values (Fast Ethernet interface) RouterAf#show interface Serial0/2/0 Serial0/2/0 is up, line protecol is up (connected) Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 10.1.1.1/24

« Verify the EIGRP metric values (serial interface)EIGRP Load Balancing " By default, EIGRP does equal-metric load balancing: — By default, up to four routes with a metric equal to the minimum metric are installed in the routing table. * The routing table can have up to 16 entries for the same destination: — The number of entries is configurable with the maximum-paths command.EIGRP Unequal-Cost Load Balancing » EIGRP does unequal-cost load balancing, forwarding packets relative to the metric. * The variance command allows the router to load-balance across routes with a metric smaller than the specified value times the minimum metric route to that destination. = The default variance is 1, which means equal-cost load balancing. )#router eigrp 100 router) #variance 2 RouterX (conf: Routerx (conf: = Include routes with a metric less than or equal to 2 times the minimum metric route for that destination.Variance Example * Router E chooses router C to route to network 172.16.0.0 because it has the lowest feasible distance of 20. = With a variance of 2, router E also chooses router B to route to network 172.16.0.0 (20 + 10 = 30) < [2 * (FD) = 40]. * Router D is not considered to route to network 172.16.0.0 (because 25 > 20). Network | Neighbor | FD | AD z a q21e00] 8 30 | 10 ¢ | 20| 10 D 45 | 25 m a Network 17216.00 Neale /L= a (config) #router eigrp 200 (config-router) Iwariance 2EIGRP MD5 Authentication * EIGRP supports MD5 authentication. = The router identifies itself for every EIGRP packet it sends. * The router authenticates the source of each routing update packet that it receives. * Each participating neighbor must have the same key configured.EIGRP MD5 Authentication Configuration Steps a (Sob Create the keychain—a group of possible keys (passwords). Assign a key ID to each key. Identify the keys. Enable MD5 authentication on the interface. Specify which keychain the interface will use.EIGRP MD5 Authentication Configuration Example 192.168,1.102 S0/0/1 Sso/o/t 192.168.1.101 Fa0/O 172.16.1.1 W7217.2.2 key chain RouterAchain key 1 key-string firstkey key 2 key-string secondkey

interface Serial0/0/1 ip authentication mode eigrp 100 md ip authentication key-chain eigrp 100 RouterAchainEIGRP MD5 Authentication Configuration Example (Cont.) 192.168.1.102 SO/0/1 SO/0/4 192.168.1.101 Fad/o 172.16.1.1 172.17.2.2 key chain RouterBehain key 1 key-string firstkey key 2 key-string secondkey

interface Serial0/0/1 ip authentication mode eigrp 100 md5 ip authentication key-chain eigrp 100 RouterBchain 5Verifying MD5 Authentication RouterAH ‘Jan 21 16:23:30.517: *DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.10: (Serial0/0/1) is up: new adjacency fouterA#show ip eigrp neighbors [P-EIGRP neighbors for process 100 Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cat Num D -192.168.1.102 se0/0/1 12 00:03:10 356 2280 0 14 PouterA#show ip route coutput omitted> sateway of last resort is not set > -—-«-172..17.0.0/16 [90/40514560] via 192.168.1.102, 00:02:22, Serial0/0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks 172.16.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:31:31, Null0 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks 192.168.1.96/27 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 192.168.1.0/24 is a summary, 00:31:31, Null0Troubleshooting EIGRP Authentication * Asuccessful MD5 authentication between Router A and Router B RouterA#debug eigrp packets SIGRP Packets debugging is on (UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUERY, SIAREPLY) ‘Jan 21 16:38:51,745: EIGRP: received packet with MDS authentication, key id = 1 MJan 21 16:38:51.745: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Serial0/0/1 nbr 192.168.1.102 "Jan 21 16:38:51.745: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbo un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0 touterBidebug eigrp packets SIGRP Packets debugging is on (UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, STAQUERY, SIAREPLY) outer Ye ‘Jan 21 16:38:38.321: EIGRP: received packet with MD5 authentication, key id = 2 ‘Jan 21 16:38:38.321: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Serial0/0/1 nbr 192.168.1.101 "Jan 21 16:38:38.321: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbo un/rely 0/0 seerQ in/rely 0/0Troubleshooting EIGRP Authentication Problem * Unsuccessful MD5 authentication between Router Aand Router B when Router A key 2 is changed RouterA (config-if)#key chain RouterXchain RouterA (config-keychain) #key 2 RouterA (config-keychain-key) #key-string wrongkey RouterBHdebug eigrp packets EIGRP Packets debugging is on (UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUERY, SIAREPLY) RouterB# ‘Jan 21 16:50:18.749: EIGRP: pkt key id = 2, BWEREHEDESEISH| mismatch) ‘Jan 21 16:50:18.749: EIGRP: Serial0/0/1: ignored packet from 192.168.1.101, speode = 5 ‘Jan 21 16:50:18.749; EIGRP: ‘Jan 21 16:50:18.749: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial0/0/1 ‘Jan 21 16:50:18.749: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbO 0/0 iidbO un/zely 0/0 ‘Jan 21 16:50:18.753: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRE(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.101 RouterBHshow ip eigrp neighbors [P-EIGRP neighbors for process 100Summary EIGRP is a classless, advanced distance vector routing protocol that runs the DUAL algorithm. EIGRP requires you to configure an autonomous system number that must match on all routers to exchange routes. EIGRP is capable of load balancing across unequal-cost paths. EIGRP supports MD5 authentication to protect against unauthorized, rogue routers entering your network. Use show ip eigrp neighbors and debug eigrp packets. commands to troubleshooting MD5 authentication.Te CISCOEIGRP Implementation Troubleshooting EIGRPComponents of Troubleshooting EIGRP Micelllesiarerele Mee sites iene Krovi itet EIcI PATE ater og) Aicteeieras Routing Table }Troubleshooting EIGRP Neighbor Issues Troubleshoot EIGRP Routing Table Issues Troubleshoot EIGRP Authentication cy Pee) ‘Not on common anaesTroubleshooting EIGRP Routing Tables Troubleshoot EIGRP Neighbor Relationships Troubleshoot EIGRP: ‘AuthenticationSummary * Troubleshooting EIGRP has several components, such as resolving neighbor relationships, problems with routing tables, and authentication Causes of EIGRP neighbor problems include incorrect network commands and hello packet information mismatches. Use the command show ip eigrp neighbors to troubleshoot these problems. When EIGRP routes are missing from the routing table, the cause could be the use of ACLs or automatic summarization in discontiguous networks. Use the show ip route command to help troubleshoot these problems. * The debug eigrp packets command can help you troubleshoot MD5 authentication problems.otfucafue CISCOModule Summary * Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a Cisco routing protocol that is designed to address the shortcomings of both distance vector and link-state routing protocols. Underlying technologies within EIGRP include the path selection process, changes in topology, load balancing, and authentication * Troubleshooting EIGRP requires resolving link, neighbor, redistribution, and routing problems.stftotfus Cisco