M hnh pht trin

(2)
Nguyn Thanh Bnh
Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin
Trng i hc Bch khoa
i hc Nng

Ni dung
Cc hot ng pht trin phn mm

Cc m hnh pht trin phn mm

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Phn tch tnh kh thi

Phn tch v c t yu cu

Thit k

M ha

Kim th

Bo tr

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Phn tch tnh kh thi




xc nh vn cn gii quyt,
xem xt cc gii php v k thut khc nhau
thun li
bt li

nh gi v thi gian, gi thnh, ngun ti

nguyn cn thit

Sn phm: ti liu phn tch

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Phn tch v c t yu cu (1)



xc nh nhu cu ca khch hng/ngi s

dng
xc nh bi ton, ch khng phi l gii php

kh khn
khch hng khng bit r ci h cn
khch hng khng trnh by r ci h mun
cc thay i

Sn phm: ti liu c t yu cu

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Phn tch v c t yu cu (2)



cc bc

kho st, tng hp yu cu

phn tch yu cu
c t yu cu
hp thc ha yu cu

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Phn tch v c t yu cu (3)

Tng hp v
phn tch yu cu
c t yu cu
Hp thc ha
yu cu
M hnh h thng
Yu cu h thng
ca ngi s dng
Ti liu c t
yu cu

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Thit k (1)


chuyn t ti liu c t yu cu thnh cu trc l-gc c

th ci t c
gii php cho vn c c t

thit k kin trc

cc moun v giao din ca cc m-un



thit k giao din

thit k cc m-un
cu trc d liu
thut ton

Sn phm: ti liu thit k

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Thit k (2)

Thit k
kin trc
Thit k
giao din

c t
kin trc

c t
giao din

Thit k
m-un

c t
m-un

Thit k
cu trc d liu

c t
cu trc d liu

Thit k
thut ton

c t
thut ton

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Thit k (3)


cc phng php thit k

hng chc nng
hng i tng

10

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

M ha v g ri


m ha
ci t cc thit k bng ngn ng lp trnh
khng n thun ch l lp trnh

vit ti liu
insertions/invariants
chun lp trnh (coding standards)
lp trnh theo cp (pair programming)
cng c
qun l phin bn

g ri
pht hin cc li trong qu trnh lp trnh

Sn phm: chng trnh

11

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Kim th (1)


pht hin li trong chng trnh

lp k hoch thc hin kim th

to cc trng hp kim th
tiu chun kim th
ngun ti nguyn kim th

m ngun c kim th theo ti liu thit k

Sn phm: bo co kim th

12

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Kim th (2)


cc hot ng kim th

kim th n v
kim th tch hp
kim th h thng
kim th chp nhn

13

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Kim th (3)


cc phng php kim th

kim th tnh
kim th ng
kim th hp en
kim th hp trng

14

Cc hot ng pht trin

phn mm

Bo tr


bo m chng trnh vn hnh tt

ci t cc thay i

ci t cc yu cu mi

x l cc li khi vn hnh

Sn phm: chng trnh

15

Cc m hnh pht trin phn

mm

S t chc cc hot ng pht trin phn mm

M hnh pht trin phn mm hay tin trnh pht trin

phn mm

C nhiu m hnh pht trin phn mm








m hnh thc nc
m hnh nguyn mu
m hnh V
m hnh tin ha
m hnh xon c
m hnh hp nht

16

M hnh thc nc
(waterfall model)
Phn tch tnh
kh thi
Phn tch v
c t yu cu

Thit k

M ha v
kim th
Ci t v bo
tr

17

M hnh thc nc

u im



d n nh
yu cu xc nh

Nhc im





d n ln
thi gian
sa li
yu cu thay i

18

M hnh nguyn mu
(prototyping model)
Phn tch yu cu
Thit k nhanh
Xy dng nguyn mu
nh gi

Thit k

19

M hnh nguyn mu

u im




pht hin yu cu
hp thc ha yu cu
thit k giao din
giao din trn giy
giao din tht

h thng c ri ro cao
yu cu khng chc chn
giao din cha r rng
chin lc ci t cha r rng

20

10

M hnh nguyn mu

Hn ch


khch hng c th cho rng nguyn mu l

h thng thc

ngi pht trin c s chn la khng tt

mong i khng thc t v tin trin ca d n

ph hp cho nguyn mu, nhng khng ph hp
cho h thng thc
xy dng h thng thc nh xy dng nguyn
mu


nguyn mu khng ging hon ton h

thng cui cng
khch hng s c cc phn ng khc nhau

21

M hnh V
(V model)

Nhn mnh vai tr kim th

c t yu cu

Kim th h thng

Thit k kin trc

Kim th tch hp

Thit k chi tit

Kim th n v
M ha

22

11

M hnh tin ha
(evolutionary model)
c t

Phin bn
u tin

Pht trin
Phin bn
trung gian

Hp thc
ha

Phin bn
cui cng

23

M hnh tin ha

u im
d n va v nh
 cc phn ca d n phc tp
 cc h thng c thi gian sng ngn


Hn ch
cu trc h thng ti
 tin trnh khng r rng


24

12

M hnh xon c
(spiral model)
Determine objectives
alternatives and
constraints

Evaluate alternatives
identify, resolve risks
Risk
analysis
Risk
analysis
Risk
analysis

Prototype 3
Prototype 2

REVIEW
Requirements plan
Life-cycle plan

Plan next phase

Operational
protoype

Risk
analysis Prototype 1

Simulations, models, benchmarks

Concept of
Operation

S/W
requirements

Development
plan

Requirement
validation

Integration
and test plan

Design
V&V
Acceptance
test
Service

25

Product
design

Detailed
design

Code
Unit test
Integration
test
Develop, verify
next-level product

M hnh xon c

nhn mnh vic nh gi cc ri ro

phn mm c xy dng theo nhiu chu k

mi chu k tng ng vi mt sn phm ca mt giai
on pht trin phn mm






xc nh cc mc tiu, gii php, rng buc

nh gi cc gii php, xc nh cc nguy c v tm
cch gii quyt chng
pht trin v kim th sn phm ca chu k ny
lp k hoch cho chu k tip theo

26

13

M hnh xon c

Ri ro v gii php cho ri ro



tht bi v nhn s
tuyn dng nhn s cao cp, o to ln nhau, c y cc nhn s
vi chc nng khc nhau...

thi gian biu v ngn sch khng thc t

nh gi tht chi tit, pht trin dn dn, ti s dng, loi b bt cc
yu cu khng cn thit ...

pht trin cc chc nng khng ph hp

trao i thng xuyn vi ngi s dng, c ti liu hng dn s
dng sm...

pht trin giao din ngi dng khng thch hp

thiu yu cu t ra

vn v hiu qu

i hi vt qu s p ng ca cng ngh hin hnh

cn phn tch cc cng vic, xy dng cc hnh mu trc, ...

pht trin cc phn n nh trc
cn phi m phng, o lng, th nghim...
phn tch k tnh kh thi v mt k thut

27

M hnh xon c

u im


hn ch ri ro sm

nhn c feedbacks t khch hng sm

d n ln, phc tp

h thng cn pht trin nhiu phin bn

yu cu cha xc nh r rng

28

14

M hnh hp nht
(unified process)

Tin trnh hp nht c th c nhn

di hai gc nhn khc nhau


Gc nhn qun l: quan tm n lnh

vc kinh t, chin thut, con ngi
Tin trnh gm bn giai on

Gc nhn k thut: quan tm n

cng ngh, kim tra cht lng,
phng php
Tin trnh gm nhiu bc lp

29

M hnh hp nht

Gc nhn qun l

t vn

Vn

Khi u
Inception

Gii quyt vn

Son tho
Elaboration

Gii php

Xy dng
Construction

Thc hin

Chuyn giao
Transition

Thi gian
30

15

M hnh hp nht

Gc nhn k thut: cc bc lp


Mi bc lp gm cc hot ng:

c t
Phn tch
Thit k
M ha
Kim th
Ci t

Mi bc lp l mt tin trnh thc

31

M hnh hp nht

Gc nhn k thut
Bc lp

Kt qu

Bc lp chun b

Mu th (maquette)

Bc lp kin trc

Nguyn mu kin trc

Bc lp kin trc

Nguyn mu kin trc

Bc lp pht trin

Nguyn mu pht trin

Bc lp pht trin

Nguyn mu pht trin

Bc lp pht trin

Phin bn

Bc lp chuyn giao

Phin bn

Bc lp chuyn giao

Phin bn chnh thc

32

Thi gian

16

M hnh hp nht

Kt hp hai gc nhn

Bc lp
Bc lp chun b
Bc lp kin trc

Kt qu
Mu th (maquette)

Khi u

Nguyn mu kin trc

Son tho

Bc lp kin trc

Nguyn mu kin trc

Bc lp pht trin

Nguyn mu pht trin

Bc lp pht trin

Nguyn mu pht trin

Bc lp pht trin

Phin bn

Bc lp chuyn giao

Phin bn

Bc lp chuyn giao
33

Giai on

Xy dng

Chuyn giao

Phin bn chnh thc

Thi gian

M hnh hp nht

M hnh hp nht v UML

34

17

Kt lun

C nhiu m hnh pht trin phn mm



m hnh tuyn tnh

m hnh thc nc
m hnh nguyn mu
m hnh V

m hnh lp
m hnh tin ha
m hnh xon c
m hnh hp nht

35

Kt lun

Kt hp nhiu m hnh cho mt d n





h thng phc tp, chia d n thnh cc h

thng con
m hnh xon c hay m hnh hp nht cho
ton b d n
mi h thng con c th p dng mt m
hnh khc nhau
m hnh nguyn mu cho cc h thng con phc
tp
m hnh thc nc cho cc h thng con khc

36

18