Fri Wardana Nasution

1310411087
1. Fructose Enters The Glycolysis Pathway
ATP ADP

Fructose-1-phosphate (Haworth form)

Fructose
Fructokinase is used
Fructose

ATP

Fructose-1-phosphate (Haworth form)

Hexokinase is used

ADP
Fructose-6-phosphate

Fru
Fructose-1-phosphate
(open chain)
Fructose-1-phosphate
aldolase is used
NADH NAD+

ADP ATP

Glyceraldehyde

Glycerol

Alcohol
dehydrogenase
is used

Glyceraldehydekinase
is used

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Glycerolkinase is used

ATP

ADP
Triose phosphate
isomerase is used

NADH NAD+

Dihydroxyaceton
phosphate

Glycerol phosphate
dehydrogenase is used

Glycerol-3-phosphate

The use of hexokinase in the first pathway happens in the muscle. In the other
hand, the use of fructokinase in the second pathway happens in the liver.

2. Galactose Enters The Glycolysis Pathway

ATP ADP

Galactos

Galactokinase
is used

Galactose-1-phosphate

UDP-glucose

Galactose-1phophate
uridylyl
transferase is
used

UDPgalactose4epimerase
is used

NAD+

Glucose-6phosphate

Glucose-1-phosphate

UDP-galactose

Phosphoglucomutase
is used

Explaination
1. Galactose is phosphorylated at C1 by ATP in a reaction catalyzed by
galactokinase.
2. Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl transferase transfers the uridylyl group
of UDP-glucose to galactose-1-phosphate to yield glucose-1phosphate and UDP-galactose by reversible cleavage of UDPglucoses pyrophosphoryl bond.
3. UDP-galactose-4-epimerase convert UDP-galactose back to UDPglucose. Ths enzyme has an associated NAD +, which suggests that the
reaction involves the sequential and reduction of the hexose C4 atom.
4. GIP is converted to the glycolytic intermediate G6P by action of
phosphoglucomutase.

3.

ATPEnters
ADP The Glycolysis Pathway
Mannose

Mannos

Hexokinase
is used

Mannose-6-phosphate

Phosphomannose
isomerase is used

Fructose-6phosphate

Explaination
1. Hexokinase converts mannose to mannose-6-phosphate.
2. Phosphomannose isomerase then converts this aldose to the glycolytic
intermediate F6P in a reaction whose mechanism resembles that of
REFERENCE
phosphoglucose isomerase.
Voet, D. Voet, J. & Pratt, C. 2012. Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the
Molecular Level, 4th Edition. Wiley.