HNG DN CHM CHNH THC THPT

Bi 01: Khi lng phn t ca 1 prtin hon chnh (cu trc bc 1) l

21780 vC
a. Xc nh s lng nucltt cc loi ca mARN quy nh
tng hp prtin trn. Bit rng trong mARN ny c U = 120
v s nucltt cc loi trong mch khun ca gen tng hp ra
phn t mARN trn theo th t(T:A:G:X) tng ng vi t l
(1:2:3:4)
b. Xc nh chiu di, khi lng phn t, chu k xon v t l phn trm
nucltt cc loi ca gen tng hp prtin trn ?
CCH GII
* Cch gii thng thng:
a. S lng mARN tham gia tng hp prtin:
- s aa trong phn t pr: 21780/110=198
- S tARN tham gia l: 198+1=199
* S nu trn mARN
- Goi mch 1 l mch m gc ca gen ta c:
T1=Am, G1=Xm, A1= Um, X1=Gm
Theo gi thuyt
T1:A1:G1:X1= Am: Um: Xm: Gm= 1:2:3:4
M Um =120 ->Am/Um=1/2
Um/Xm =2/3
Um/Gm=2/4
- > Am=120/2=60
- Xm=3x120/2=180
Gm=2x120=240
b. Chiu di:
- s lng nu trn mARN = Am+Um+Xm+Gm
= 60+120+180+240 = 600
- Chiu di ca gen: L= 600x3.4AO = 2040 AO
S nu ca gen l 600x2=1200
Vy khi lng ca gen l: 1200x300vC =
360000vC
Theo NTBS
Am = 60 =T1=A2
Um=120=A1=T2
Xm=180=G1=X2
Gm=240=X1=G2

KT QU
Am=60
Xm=180
Gm=240
Um = 120

L= 2040 AO
M= 360000vC
%A =%T = 15%
%G = %X = 35%
Chu k xon = 60

IM

-> A=A1+A2= 120+60=180 =T

G=G1+G2= 180+240= 420 = X
%A =%T=(180x100%)/1200 = 15%
%G = %X = 50% - 15% = 35%
Chu k xon = 1200/20= 60
Bi 2: Mt on phn t ADN cha 2 gen
- Gen th nht di 0,51 micrmet c t l tng loi nucltt trn mch n
th nht nh sau: A:T:G:X = 1:2:3:4
- Gen th hai bng na chiu di gen th nht v c s lng tng loi
nucltt trn mch n th hai l:

a. Tnh s lng v t l % tng loi nucltt trn mi mch n ca tng

gen?
b. Tnh s lng v t l % tng loi nucltt trn ADN?
CCH GII
KT QU
IM
a. s lng v t l % tng loi nu trn mi
- Trn gen th nht:
mch n ca tng gen:
s lng nu
- Trn gen th nht:
T2=A1=150 = 10%
0
s lng nu = 0,51x10000A /3.4= 1500 nu
A2=T1= 300= 20%
T2=A1= 1500/(1+2+3+4)= 150 = 10%
X2=G1= 450= 30%
A2=T1= (1500x2)/(1+2+3+4)= 300= 20%
G2=X1= 600= 40%
X2=G1=(1500x3)/(1+2+3+4)= 450= 30%
Trn gen 2:
G2=X1=(1500x4)/(1+2+3+4)= 600= 40%
A2=T1=750=10%
Trn gen 2:
A1=T2=150=20%
Chiu di ca gen 2= gen 1. Nn c s Nu l: X1=G2=225=30%
1500/2 = 750.
G1=X2=300=40%
A2=T2/2=G2/3=X2/4 =A2+2A2+3A2+4A2= 750 b. S lng v % tng
->10A2=750 ->A2=750/10 = 75
loi nu ca ADN:
T1=A2=75=10%
A=T=675
A1=T2=75x2= 150=20%
G=X=1575
X1=G2=75x3=225=30%
%A=%T=15%
G1=X2=75x4=300=40%
%G=%X=35%
b. S lng v % tng loi nu ca ADN:
A=T=150+300+75+150=675
G=X=450+600+225+300=1575
675

%A=%T=
( 675

x 100 %

1575 ) x 2

%G=%X= 50% -15% = 35%

15 %

Bi 3: Ba hp t ca mt loi, lc cha nhn i s lng NST n trong

mi t bo bng 20. Hp t 1 c s t nguyn phn bng 1/4 s ln nguyn
phn ca hp t 2. Hp t 2 c s t nguyn phn lin tip bng 50% s
t nguyn phn ca hp t 3. S lng NST n lc cha nhn i trong
tt c cc t bo con sinh ra t 3 hp t bng 5480.
a. Tnh s t nguyn phn lin tip ca mi hp t ?
b. S lng NST n c to ra t nguyn liu mi trng t bo cung
cp cho mi hp t nguyn phn l bao nhiu
CCH GII
. S ln nguyn phn ca mi hp t:
- Gi s ln nguyn phn ca hp t 1 l n th s
ln nguyn phn ca hp t 2 l 4n, hp t 3 l
8n
- S tb con c to ra do 3 hp t s l:
5480

KT QU

=274

20
8n

ta c 2n +24n +2 =274
gii ra ta c n = 1
vy s ln nguyn phn ca ht 1 l 1, hp t 2
l 4, ht 3 l 8
b. S NST n do mt cung cp
- hp t 1= (21-1)x20=20
- hp t 2= (24-1)x20=300
- hp t 1= (28-1)x20=5100
Bi 4: 10 t bo sinh dc ca mt c th nguyn phn lin tip mt s t
i hi mi trng ni bo cung cp nguyn liu to ra 2480 NST n
mi tng ng. Cc t bo con u chuyn qua vng sinh trng bc
vo vng chn, gim phn to nn cc giao t, mi trng t bo cung cp
thm nguyn liu to nn 2560 NST n. Hiu sut th tinh ca giao t l
10% nn to ra 128 hp t lng bi
a. Tm b NST lng bi ca loi ?
b. Xc nh gii tnh ca cc c th to nn cc giao t trn ?
c. Hp t c chia thnh 2 nhm A v B c s lng bng nhau. Mi hp
t trong nhm A c s t nguyn phn gp 2 ln s t nguyn phn
ca nhm B. Cc hp t trong mi nhm c s t nguyn phn bng

IM

nhau. Tng s NST n c trong ton b cc t bo con sinh ra t 2

nhm bng 10240 NST n lc cha nhn i. Tm s t nguyn phn
ca mi hp t trong mi nhm t bo ?
CCH GII
a. B NST lng bi
vng chn mi tb sinh dc c 1 ln nhn i
k trung gian ca ln phn bo 1 nn s lng
NST mi trng cung cp= s NST trong cc tb
ban u -> s lng NST n trong cc tb trc
khi gim phn = 2560
- S lng NST n trong 10 tb=2560-2480=80
-> B NST lng bi ca loi l 2n = 80/10 = 8
b. Hiu sut th tinh l 10% to ra 128 hp t ->
s giao t = 128x100/10=1280
s lng tb sinh dc con bc vo vng chn =
2560/8=320. Nu tb ny to trng s to ra 320
trng <1280 hp t.
Nu tb ny tham gia to tinh trng =
320x4=1280
-> nhm tb trn l gii tnh c
c. Gi s ln nguyn phn ca mi hp t trong
nhm B l k -> s ln nguyn phn ca hp t
nhm A = 2k
theo gi thuyt (2kx64 + 22k x64)x8 =10240
->2k + 22k = 10x240/8x64 = 20
-> k = 2
-> s ln nguyn phn ca hp t nhm A l 4,
nhm B l 2

KT QU

IM

Bi 05: Mt gen di 0,4080 micromet c 3120 lin kt hyro. Gen ny b t

bin di hnh thc thay th 1 cp baz nitric ny bng mt cp baz nitric
khc.
a. Nu t bin khng lm cho s lin kt hyro ca gen thay i th
s lng tng loi nucltt ca gen b t bin bng bao nhiu ?
b. Nu s t bin lm cho s lin kt hyro ca gen b thay i v
khi gen mi t sao 5 t lin tip th mi trng ni bo phi cung
cp tng loi nucltt l bao nhiu ?
CCH GII

KT QU

IM

a. S Nu mi loi ca gen:
- S Nu ca gen ban u: (0.4080x104 : 3.4)x2
=2400.
- Gi x l s Nu loi G ca gen ban u.
Th s Nu loi A =T = (2400/2) x
Ta c:
3x + 2((2400/2) - x) =3120
-> x + 2400 = 3120 -> x = 720
-> G =X = 720
A = T =1200- 720 = 480
- B khng lm thay i s lin kt Hidro ->
y l dng thay cp A-T = T-A, hoc G-X = XG hoc t bin o v tr ca 1 cp Nu.
-> S Nu ca gen B
G =X = 720
A = T = 480
b. Khi t bin lm thay i s lien kt Hiro,
gen B nhn i 5 ln cn mi trng cung cp:
* TH1: Thay cp A-T = G-X -> S lin kt
Hidr tng ln 1 lin kt.
-> A=T = 480-1 = 479
G=X = 720+1 =721
- S Nu mi loi mi trng cung cp:
A=T = 479x(25 - 1)= 14849
G = X = 721x(25 - 1)= 22351
* TH 2: Thay cp G-X = A-T
-> G=X = 720-1 = 719
A= T = 480 +1= 481.
Sau 5 ln nhn i, mi trng cung cp s Nu
l:
A=T = 481x(25 - 1)= 14911
G = X = 719x(25 - 1)= 22289

G =X = 720
A = T = 480
- B khng lm thay
i s lin kt Hidro > y l dng thay
cp A-T = T-A, hoc
G-X = X-G hoc t
bin o v tr ca 1
cp Nu.
-> S Nu ca gen B
G =X = 720
A = T = 480
* TH1: Thay cp A-T
= G-X -> S lin kt
Hidr tng ln 1 lin
kt.
A=T = 479x(25 - 1)=
14849
G = X = 721x(25 - 1)=
22351
* TH 2: Thay cp G-X
= A-T
Sau 5 ln nhn i,
mi trng cung cp
s Nu l:
A=T = 481x(25 - 1)=
14911
G = X = 719x(25 - 1)=
22289

Bi 06: Mt gen ch huy tng hp 5 chui plypeptt huy ng t mi

trng ni bo 995 axit amin cc loi. Phn t mARN c tng hp t gen
trn c: Am= 100

Um = 125. Gen b t bin dn n hu qu tng s nucltt trong gen

khng thay i nhng t l

59,57%

a. Tm s lng s nucltt mi loi ca gen sau t bin thay i nh th

no so vi trc khi b t bin ?
b. Gen sau t bin t nhn i 3 ln. Xc nh tng s mch n c to
ra t nucltt t do ca mi trng ni bo ?
CCH GII
a. S nu mi loi ca gen trc v sau b:
- Xt gen ban u:
s nu ca gen s l: ((995/5)+1)x2x3 = 1200
s nu mi loi: A=T= Am + Um = 100+125 =
225
G=X= 1200/2 -225=375
T l: T/X = 225/375= 0.6
- Khi gen t bin T/X= 59.57%
B khng lm thay i s lng nu nhng lm
thay i t l T/X -> y l dng b thay th
T l T/X gim, chng t b thay cp A-T = cp
G-X
Gi x l s cp nu b thay th ta c:
T

225

375

KT QU

IM

59 . 57 %

- > 1.5957x 1.62 -> x =1

suy ra b thay th cp A-T bng cp G-X
Vy A=T= 225-1 = 224
G=X=375+1=376
b. S mch n mi c to ra t nucltt ca
mt ni bo:
(23 x 2)-2 = 14
Bi 07: Trao i cho - hon v gen c th xy ra trong qu trnh gim phn
hnh thnh c giao t c v ci (hon v hai bn) hoc ch qu trnh hnh
thnh mt trong hai loi giao t (hon v mt bn). Xt php lai hai c th d
hp t u v hai cp gen (A v B) quy nh hai cp tnh trng t-ng phn
nm trn mt cp nhim sc th. Bit tn s hon v gen l 8%. Hy xc nh
t l kiu hnh ca th h F1?
CCH GII

KT QU

IM