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2 HTML Co Ban 0891 6787
2 HTML Co Ban 0891 6787
HTML
Trn Khi Hong
Khoa CNTT TD.
H Tn c Thng
Ni dung
Gii thiu HTML
HTML Elements
HTML Basic Tags
HTML Attributes
HTML Formats
HTML Entitties
HTML Lists
HTML Link
HTML Image
HTML Table
Bi tp
2
Ni dung
Gii thiu HTML
HTML Elements
HTML Basic Tags
HTML Attributes
HTML Formats
HTML Entitties
HTML Lists
HTML Link
HTML Image
HTML Table
Bi tp
3
V d HTML
M notepad++, g on vn bn sau v lu li di tn hello.html :
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of page</title>
</head>
<body>
This is my first homepage.
<b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
</html>
xem kt qu, nhn p vo file hello.html
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HTML Elements
HTML l vn bn bao gm cc HTML Element
HTML Element c nh du bi cc HTML Tag
Mi tag c 1 tn, c bao gia 2 k t < v >
Tag thng i theo cp. V d <b> </b>
Th u tin gi l th m (<b>), th sau gi l th ng (</b>)
Vn bn gia th m v th ng l ni dung ca HTML Element
HTML tag khng phn bit hoa thng. <b> ging <B>
V d v HTML Elements
y l 1 HTML Element
<b>This text is bold</b>
Trong :
b l tn th nh du bt u v kt thc element
Th m
<b>
Th ng </b>
Ni dung ca HTML Element l : This text is bold
Khi hin th trn trnh duyt : This text is bold
Mc ch ca th b l in m vn bn nm trong n
<body>
This is my first homepage.
<b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
Trong
body l tn th
Th m <body> , th ng </body>
Ni dung :
l cha is
tt cmy
cc first
Element ni dung trong trang HTML
Mc ch th bodyThis
homepage.
<b>This text is bold</b>
Ch
Mc du th HTML khng phn
bit hoa thng v nhiu
trang web s dng ch hoa.
Th nhng ph hp vi cc
tiu chun mi nht ca web
ta s s dng ch thng cho
tt c cc th HTML
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Th DOCTYPE
Mi trang HTML u nn bt u bng 1 th DOCTYPE
ch ra loi ngn ng nh du no ang s dng.
Trong v d trn ta dng XHTML 1.0 Transitional
DOCTYPE s cho trnh duyt bit nn render theo kiu
no ? Nu b DOCTYPE trnh duyt s render theo kiu
ring ca mnh (Quirk mode) m khng theo chun
Th html
Th html l th gc phi c trong mi trang HTML
Th html cha nhiu nht 1 th head v ch 1 th body
Khng c th no nm ngoi th html ngoi tr th
DOCTYPE
Th head dng cha cc thng tin m t v trang web
nh loi charset ang xi (utf-8, iso-8859-1), tiu , tm tt
trang, t kha, tc gi, CSS, javascript ...
Th head c th b lc b nu ta khng cn m t v trang
hin ti
Th body dng cha tt c ni dung tht s ca trang
web (bt buc phi c)
Tiu - Th h
Th heading dng to cc tiu , u cho trang web
C 6 th tiu bao gm h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6
Theo th t h1 (quan trng nht) n h6 (t quan trng nht).
Hu ht trnh duyt u hin th cc th heading t m v s
dng font ln hn bnh thng. h1 l ln v m nht cho n
h6 l ln v m t nht
Th heading dng nh du cc on text mang ngha
quan trng nh tiu bi vit, cc mc lc ch khng phi
dng in m vn bn
Th h demo
Trnh duyt s t ng thm dng trng trc v sau 1
heading
<html>
<body>
<h1>Heading
<h2>Heading
<h3>Heading
<h4>Heading
<h5>Heading
<h6>Heading
</body>
</html>
1</h1>
2</h2>
3</h3>
4</h4>
5</h5>
6</h6>
on vn Th p
Th p dng nh du mt on vn (paragraph)
Trnh duyt s t ng thm 1 dng trng trc v sau
mi on vn
V d
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
Th p demo
<html>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
Lu
Nh ng th
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph
Ngt dng Th br
Th br dng ngt 1 dng (xung hng) nhng
khng phi bt u 1 on vn
Th br s ngt 1 dng ti bt k ni no n xut hin
<p>This <br/> is a para<br/>graph with line breaks</p>
<br />
Th br demo
<p>This <br/> is a para<br/>graph with line breaks</p>
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23
HTML Attributes
Bn cnh tn, HTML Tag c th c thm cc thuc tnh
Gi tr thuc tnh.
bgcolor = red. Mu
nn trang web s c
mu
V d HTML Attribute
Canh gia heading
V d HTML Attribute
t mu nn v mu ch cho trang web :
HTML color
Mu sc bao gm 3 gi tr R (Red) G (Green ) v B (Blue)
Gi tr thp nht ca ca R,G,B l 0 v cao nht l
255(FF)
C 3 cch gi tr 1 mu :
S dng tn. V d red, black, blue, yellow,green,white,red ...
S dng gi tr hexa. V d : #FF00FF,#00FF11,#445566
V d HTML color
Cch ly mu hexa
Nu trong bc nh hoc 1 trang web c mu chng ta cn.
Lm sao ta bit gi tr hexa ca n ?
Tr li :
L nh : S dng cc chng trnh chnh sa nh nh Photoshop.
Dng tnh nng Eye Drop (
)
L web : Dng add-on ColorZilla ca
Firefox (Download ti colorzilla.com). Sau khi install, click vo biu
tng
(gc tri di cng) sau chn im no trn
web cn ly gi tr mu.
Mt cch khc l vo trang http://colorpicker.com
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HTML Formats
HTML cung cp nhiu th dng nh dng vn bn
C 2 loi th chnh :
Th nh dng vt l : l cc th ch nh trnh duyt phi hin
th on vn bn nh th no font to hay font nh, m hay
lt, nghing hay bnh thng
Th nh dng logic : l cc th ch nh cho trnh duyt bit
loi ni dung ca on vn bn . Trnh duyt t do hin th
theo cch ca mnh.
Th nh dng vt l
Element
Meaning
Notes
<i> </i>
<b> </b>
<tt> </tt>
In nghing
In m
Dng my nh ch
<u> </u>
Gch di
<s> </s>
Gch ngang
<strike> </strike>
Gch ngang
<sub> </sub>
Ch s
<sup> </sup>
S m
<big> </big>
Font b hn 1 n v
<small> </small>
Font b hn 1 n v
Demo th nh dng vt l
<b>This text is bold</b><br/>
<i>This text is italic</i><br/>
<big>This text is big</big><br/>
<small>
This text is small
</small>
<br/>
This text contains
<sub>
subscript
</sub>
<br/>
This text contains
<sup>
superscript
</sup>
Demo th nh dng vt l
<h1 align="center">Physical Text Elements</h1>
<hr />
<p>
This is <b>Bold</b>
<br />
This is <i>Italic</i>
<br />
This is <tt>Monospaced</tt>
<br />
This is <u>Underlined</u>
<br />
This is <strike>Strike-through</strike>
<br />
This is also <s>Strike-through</s>
<br />
This is <big>Big</big>
<br />
This is even <big><big>Bigger</big></big>
<br />
This is <small>Small</small>
<br />
This is even <small><small>Smaller</small></small><br />
This is <sup>Superscript</sup>
<br />
This is <sub>Subscript</sub>
<br />
This is <b><i><u>Bold, italic, and underlined</u></i></b>
</p>
Th nh dng logic
Th
ngha
Hin th ph bin
<abbr> </abbr>
Ch vit tt (abbreviation).
V d Mr M.
Thng
<acronym> </acronym>
Cm t vit tt (acronym).
V d WWW)
Thng
<cite> </cite>
<code> </code>
Trch dn ngun
M ngun
In nghing
Chu di c nh
<dfn> </dfn>
<em> </em>
<kbd> .. </kbd>
<q> </q>
nh ngha
Nhn mnh
Phm bm
Trch dn trong dng
In nghing
In nghing
Chiu di c nh
Bao bi 2 du nhy(not
in IE 6)
<samp> </samp>
on text v d
Chiu di c nh
<strong> </strong>
Nhn mnh cc k
In m
<var> </var>
Bin lp trnh
In nghing
Lu
Dng th nh dng vt l, tt c cc trnh duyt u
hin th on vn bn ging nhau( <b> th u s dng
font m)
Th nh dng logic, khng qui nh vic hin th m
qui nh loi hay ng ngha ca vn bn. Cc trnh
duyt khc nhau c th hin th khc nhau
thay i hin th ca th logic, ta phi dng CSS.
HTML Preformat
Trnh duyt s t ng lc b khong trng v cc k
t xung dng khi hin th trang HTML
Xem v d :
<body>
for i = 1 to 10
print i
next i
</body>
HTML Preformat
gi nguyn khong trng v xung dng, ta phi s
dng th <pre>
<pre>
This is
preformatted text.
It preserves
both spaces
and line breaks.
</pre>
<p>The pre tag is good for displaying computer
code:</p>
<pre>
for i = 1 to 10
print i
next i
</pre>
V d th pre
<pre>
This is P
T
E
X
T
SPACES
are ok!
RETURNS!
</pre>
<hr />
<p>
This is NOT P
T
E
X
T
SPACES
and
RETURNS are lost.
</p>
So are
M ngun th code,kbd,var...
<code>Computer code</code>
<br>
<kbd>Keyboard input</kbd>
<br>
<tt>Teletype text</tt>
<br>
<samp>Sample text</samp>
<br>
<var>Computer variable</var>
<br>
<p>
<b>Note:</b> These tags are often used to display
computer/programming code.
</p>
a ch vi th address
<html>
<body>
<address>
Donald Duck<br>
BOX 555<br>
Disneyland<br>
USA
</address>
</body>
</html>
Trch dn vi blockquote, q
Here comes a long quotation:
<blockquote>
This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a
long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long
quotation.
</blockquote>
Here comes a short quotation:
<q>
This is a short quotation
</q>
<p>
With the block quote element, the browser inserts line breaks
and margins, but the q element does not render as anything
special.
</p>
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HTML Entities
Trong HTML s k t c ngha c bit nh (<, /, ...). Lm th
no hin th n ?
Trnh duyt t ng loi b cc khong trng d tha ? Lm th
no hin th nhiu khong trng m khng dng th pre ?
Cu tr li l dng HTML Entities
HTML Entities l cc k t c bit c ghi di 2 dng sau :
K t & + Tn + K t ;
K t & + K t # + S + K t ;
V d HTML Entities
hin th
K t < ta dng < hoc #60;
3 khong trng ta dng  
K t & ta dng &
Lu :
Dng tn d nh hn l dng s
Tuy nhin nhiu trnh duyt khng h tr ht cc tn mi
Ngc li, vic h tr cc entities bng s li tt hn
Tn thc th c phn bit ch hoa v ch thng
M t
Khong trgn
 
<
>
&
"
Nh hn
Ln hn
V
Du nhy kp
<
>
&
"
<
>
&
"
'
M t
Thc th dng
tn
Thc th dng
s
cent
¢
¢
pound
£
£
yen
¥
¥
euro
€
€
section
§
§
copyright
©
©
registered
trademark
®
®
multiplication
×
×
division
÷
÷
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HTML List
HTML h tr 3 loi danh sch
Danh sch khng th t (unordered list)
Danh sch c th t (ordered list)
Danh sch nh ngha (definition list)
Unordered list
Mt danh sch khng th t bao gm nhiu mc. Mi mc s
c nh du bng 1 bullet (thng hnh trn mu en)
Danh sch bt u bng th <ul>
Mi mt hng bt u bng th <li>
V d
<h4>An Unordered List:</h4>
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Ordered list
Mt danh sch c th t cng gm nhiu mc. Nhng mi mc li c nh s
t 1,2,3...
Danh sch c th t bt u bng th ol (ordered list)
Mi mc bt u bng th li
V d :
<h4>An Ordered List:</h4>
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Lu v danh sch
Cc mc trong 1 danh sch c th l 1 t, on vn,
hnh nh, m thanh ... hay l 1 danh sch khc
Nu trong 1 mc cha trong n 1 danh sch khc. Ta
gi l 1 danh sch lng
M t
ol
ul
Xc nh 1 danh sch c th t
li
dl
dt
Xc nh 1 t kha
dd
Xc nh m t ca mt t kha
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HTML Link
Lin kt l a ch 1 ti nguyn trn web
Ti nguyn c th l 1 trang HTML, 1 hnh nh, 1 file m
thanh ...
Anchor l 1 t kha dng ch 1 lin kt trong ni b
1 trang
Th <a> dng nh du lin kt
Th <a>
C php :
<a href=url name=... target=...> M t lin kt</a>
Trong :
href l a ch ca ti nguyn cn tr ti
name l tn ca lin kt (ty chn s dng khi dng anchor)
target qui nh ca s no s m ti nguyn c lin kt
target = _blank : m lin kt trong 1 ca s mi
target = _self : m lin kt trong ca s hin ti
target = _parent: m lin kt trong ca s cha ca ca s hin ti
V d
Lin kt tr ti Khoa CNTT-TD
<a href=http://itam.tut.edu.vn> Khoa CNTT-TD</a>
Anchor(neo)
c th lin kt n 1 ni no trong ni b trang. Ta phi :
nh du (Bookmark) v tr bng cch s dng thuc tnh tn ca th <a>.
V d : ta nh du v tr trn cng ca trang web :
Sau lin kt n v tr va nh du s dng th <a> v thuc tnh href
Demo anchor
File anchor.html
a ch URL
C 2 loi a ch :
Tuyt i : a ch tuyt i bao gm c tn min ca website
ng dn tng i
Book
../Index.html
Index.html
Chapter1
Section1.html
Section2.html
Chapter2
ARE HERE
Section2.html
WE
../Chapter2/Section1.html
Section1.html
K hiu c bit
Du .
: Th mc hin ti
Du .. : Th mc cha th mc hin ti
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Th hnh nh <img>
Trong HTML, hnh nh c xc nh bi th <img>
<img> l th rng , tc ch c thuc tnh, khng c th
ng
hin th 1 hnh nh, ta phi cung cp gi tr cho
thuc tnh src ca <img>. y l URL ca nh
C php :
<img
src= "URL"
alt= "Alternative Text"
width = ""
height = "
/>
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Th <table>
Th <table> dng hin th d liu di dng bng
(nh Excel)
Hoc dng layout trang web
V d
C php th <table>
Bng c xc nh s dng th <table>
Trong bng s c nhiu dng, c nh du bng
<tr> (table row)
Trong mi dng s c nhiu d liu, c nh du
bng th <td> (table data)
Mi d liu c th cha 1 k t, hnh nh, vn bn
hay 1 bng khc
V d th <table>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
border
cellpadding
cellspacing
Cell span
Mt trong trong bn c th tri rng trn nhiu ct
hoc nhiu dng.
Trng hp tri rng trn dng ta gi l row span.
lm vic ny, ta dng thuc tnh rowspan trn
<td> , <th>
Trng hp tri rng trn ct ta gi l column span.
lm vic ny, ta dng thuc tnh colspan trn <td>,
<th>
Row span
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>First Name:</th>
<td>Bill Gates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th>
<td>555 77 854</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>555 77 855</td>
</tr>
</table>
Column span
<h1>Cell that spans two
columns:</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th colspan="2">Telephone</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bill Gates</td>
<td>555 77 854</td>
<td>555 77 855</td>
</tr>
</table>
V d mu nn cho <table>
<table border="1"
bgcolor="red">
<tr>
<td>First</td>
<td>Row</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Second</td>
<td>Row</td>
</tr>
</table>
Ni dung
Gii thiu HTML
HTML Elements
HTML Basic Tags
HTML Attributes
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HTML Entitties
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Ni dung
S dng notepad++ (download ti
http://notepad-plus.sourceforge.net/) lm 1 trang web
gii thiu v l lch bn thn.
98