CONG TY CP KT-XD KIEN MINH

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CONG TY CP KT-XD KIEN MINH

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QUI TRNH VA CONG NGHE THI CONG

COC KHOAN NHOI NG KNH NHO
(AP DUNG CHO COC CO NG KNH 300 600 mm)
I.GII THIEU KHAI QUAT:
- Coc khoan nhoi la mot giai phap mong co nhieu u
iem. Can c vao tai lieu khao sat a chat, ngi thiet
ke co the xac nh c chieu sau coc sao cho sc chu tai
cua at nen tng ng vi sc chu tai do vat lieu lam coc
(Pvl Pn).
* nh ngha coc khoan nhoi: La loai coc tiet dien tron, c thi
cong bang cach khoan tao lo trong at sau o lap ay bang
Betong cot thep.
- Thiet b, kinh nghiem cua nha thau va tay nghe cua cong
nhan co anh hng rat ln en chat lng cua coc.
- Khi thi cong phai tien hanh kiem tra tng giai oan, neu at
yeu cau mi c tien hanh thi cong giai oan tiep theo.
* Cong tac chuan b:
1. e co ay u so lieu cho thi cong coc ai tra, nhat la
trong ieu kien a chat phc tap, cac cong trnh quan
trong, coc chu tai trong ln. Nha thau nen tien hanh th
nghiem viec gi thanh ho khoan, thi cong cac coc th va
tien hanh th nghiem coc bang tai trong tnh.
2. Trc khi thi cong coc can tien hanh kiem tra moi cong
tac chuan b e thi cong coc theo bien phap thi cong c
duyet, cac cong viec chuan b chnh co the nh sau:
- Hieu ro ieu kien a chat va thuy van cua cong trnh,
chieu day va ac trng c ly cua cac lp at, ket qua
quan trac mc nc ngam; ap lc nc lo rong, toc o
dong chay cua nc trong at, kh oc hoac kh de gay
chay no v.v.
- Nha thau chuan b cac phng an loai bo cac chng
ngai vat di at khi gap phai, phong nga anh hng
xau en cong trnh lan can va cong trnh ngam.

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- Nha thau phai yeu cau Chu au t tien hanh cong tac
khao sat, o ve lap ho s.
- Kiem tra chat lng cua vat lieu chnh (Thep, Xi mang,
phu gia, cat, a, nc, ).
- am bao may moc, thiet b trong tnh trang san sang
hoat ong tot.
- Thi cong li trac ac nh v cac truc mong va toa o
cac coc can thi cong.
- San ui mat bang va lam ng phuc vu thi cong.
- Lap phng an van chuyen chat thai, tranh gay o
nhiem moi trng.
- Lap bieu kiem tra va nghiem thu cac cong oan thi cong
theo mau in san.
- Kiem tra ng ong dan Bentonite, ho ao canh coc e
cha Bentonite thu hoi.
- Lap bien ban nghiem thu cong tac chuan b trc khi thi
cong.
II. BIEN PHAP THI CONG:
1. nh v coc:
- Can c ban ve thiet ke va
a hnh thc te tren cong
trng ma ta nh v tim coc.
- Trong qua trnh thi cong dau
nh v coc de b mat do bun
lay, thiet b di chuyen.
- Cach nh v coc nen lam:
Chon 2 truc tren ban ve
vuong goc tao thanh he
toa o khong che 4 moc cua he truc nay c gi len
cho an toan nhat co the ben ngoai khu vc xay dng.
T he toa o nay se trien khai xac nh cac v tr tim
coc. Khi bat au khoan tai moi coc phai kiem tra lai.
Sai so nh v cua tim coc sau khi thi cong khong c
lech qua 1/3 ng knh coc.
Tim coc c xac nh bang 2 tim moc kiem tra A va B
(xem hnh) vuong goc vi nhau va eu cach tim coc 1
khoang L bang nhau.
2. Khoan tao lo:
- Trc khi khoan phai kiem tra o thang ng theo day doi
cua than dan hng cua can khoan e lo khoan khong b
xien lech qua o nghieng cho phep (1/100).
- e kiem tra o lech xien tren hien trng tien li nhat la
xem viec lap rap cac oan ong o betong. Khi lo khoan b
lech nghieng th khong the a ong o xuong ay ho c,

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t than ong bang kim loai se xuong theo ng day doi do
trong lng ban than cua no.
1. Khoan gan coc va mi o betong xong:
- Khoan trong at bao hoa nc khi khoang cach mep cac lo
khoan < 1.5 m nen tien hanh cach quang 1 lo; khoan cac lo
nam gia 2 coc a o betong nen tien hanh sau t nhat 24
gi t khi ket thuc o betong.
2. Cao o dung dch khoan trong lo phai cao hn mc nc ngam
t nhat la 1.5 m. Khi co hien tng that thoat dung dch trong
ho khoan th phai co bien phap x ly kp thi.
3. o ac trong khi khoan: Gom kiem tra tim coc, o ac o sau
cac lp at qua mun khoan lay ra va o sau ho khoan theo
thiet ke. Cac lp at theo chieu sau khoan phai c ghi
chep trong nhat ky khoan va ho s nghiem thu coc. C khoan
c 2 m th lay mau at 1 lan. Neu phat hien thay a tang
khac so vi ho s khao sat a chat th bao ngay cho thiet ke
va chu au t e co bien phap ieu chnh, x ly kp thi.
- Sau khi khoan en chieu sau thiet ke, dng khoan 30 phut e
o o lang. o lang c xac nh bang chenh lech chieu
sau gia 2 lan o luc khoan xong va sau 30 phut. Neu o lang
vt qua gii han cho phep th tien hanh hut cho ti khi at
yeu cau.
* Dung dch khoan:
- Dung dch khoan: La dung dch gom nc sach va cac hoa
chat khac nh Bentonite, Polime , co kha nang tao mang
cach nc ga thanh ho khoan va at xung quanh, ong thi
gi on nh thanh ho khoan.

- Tuy theo ieu kien a chat, thuy van, nc ngam e chon

phng phap gi thanh ho khoan va dung dch khoan thch hp.
Dung dch khoan c chon da tren tnh toan theo nguyen ly
can bang ap lc ngang gia cot dung dch trong ho khoan va

CONG TY CP KT-XD KIEN MINH

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ap lc cua at nen va nc quanh vach lo. Khi khoan trong
a tang de sut l, ap lc cot dung dch phai luon ln hn
ap lc ngang cua at va nc ben ngoai.
- Dung dch Bentonite dung gi thanh ho khoan ni a tang de
sut l. Khi mc nc ngam cao (len en mat at) cho phep
tang ty trong dung dch bang cac chat co ty trong cao nh
Barit, cat Magnetic
- Kiem tra dung dch Bentonite t khi che bien cho en khi ket
thuc o betong tng coc, ke ca viec ieu chnh e am
bao o nht va ty trong thch hp. Dung dch co the tai s
dung trong thi gian thi cong neu am bao c cac ch tieu
thch hp, nhng khong qua 6 thang.
- Nhiem vu cua dung dch: Chuyen bun t nhien len ho lang,
can bang thuy tnh e thanh vach ho khoan khong b sap.
- Trong trng hp ngng thi cong (do thi tiet hay het gi
lam) ngi ky thuat phai am bao trong ho khoan co ay
dung dch va khong b tham i trong thi gian ngng thi cong.
3. Kiem tra a tang:
- Ky thuat vien oc ky ho s khao sat a chat e nam ro
chieu day cac lp at ma coc phai i qua, tnh chat cua cac
lp at.
- Tai moi lo khoan: Da vao toc o xuong cua mui khoan,
mau sac cua dung dch, thanh phan cua bun ky thuat vien
xem va ghi ro trong Ho S Ly Lch Coc. Neu a tang thc te
co khac nhieu so vi ho s khao sat a chat th giam sat
thi cong bao cao cho ben t van biet.
4. Kem tra o sau cua ho khoan:
- Dung thc day co treo qua doi tha xuong ho khoan sau khi
ve sinh ho khoan, hoac o chieu dai cua tng can khoan e
xac nh o sau cua ho khoan.
5. Ve sinh ho khoan:
- ay la cong oan quan trong nhat trong qua trnh thi cong coc
khoan nhoi. Sau khi khoan en o sau thiet ke lng phoi
khoan khong the troi len het. Khi ngng khoan, nhng phoi
khoan l lng trong dung dch se lang tr lai trong ay ho
khoan, hoac nhng phoi khoan co kch thc ln ma dung dch
khong the a len khoi ho khoan c.
- Cac cong oan x ly nh sau:
Dung ong PVC hoac ong kim loai co ng knh t 60
100 mm (cang ln cang de bm) a xuong ti ay ho
khoan, dung kh nen bm ngc bun t nhien trong ho
khoan ra ngoai, cac phoi khoan co xu hng lang xuong
se b ay ngc len va thoat ra ngoai lo khoan cho en
khi khong con can lang lan lon la at yeu cau.

CONG TY CP KT-XD KIEN MINH

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Trong qua trnh bm kh nen, ho khoan phai luon luon c
cap ay dung dch e xac nh o sach ho khoan. Co
the lam cu the nh sau: o vao ho khoan mot so a
1x2, khi bm len dung li hng lai e kiem tra. Neu
lng a 1x2 c bm len gan bang vi lng a bo
xuong th cong oan ve sinh ho khoan at yeu cau.

6. Cong tac cot thep:

- Can c vao ban ve thiet ke e gia cong thep cho coc.

CONG TY CP KT-XD KIEN MINH

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- Con ke: La phu kien bang thep ban hoac Xi mang Cat
(hnh tron) dung nh v long thep trong lo khoan. Chieu day
lp bao ve la 50 mm
- So lng con ke can buoc u e ha long thep chnh tam.
- Noi cac oan long thep chu yeu bang day buoc, chieu dai
noi theo quy nh cua thiet ke. Khi coc co chieu dai ln, can
phai noi bang Bulon am bao oan long thep khong b tut
khi lap ha.
7. X ly can lang ay lo khoan trc khi o Betong:
- Sau khi ha xong cot thep ma can lang van qua quy nh th
phai bm hut bun e lam sach ay. Trong qua trnh x ly
can lang phai bo sung dung dch am bao cao o dung dch
theo quy nh.
- Cong nghe kh nang c dung e lam sach ho khoan. Kh
nen c a xuong gan ay ho khoan bang ong thep (k 60
mm), cach ay khoang 60 cm. Kh nen c tron vi bun nang
tao thanh loai bun nhe dang len theo ong o Betong ra
ngoai. Qua trnh thoi ra tien hanh cho ti khi cac ch tieu
cua dung dch khoan va o lang at yeu cau quy nh.
8. Cong tac Betong:
- ay ong o betong phai luon ngap trong betong 1.5 m.
- Dung nut dch chuyen tam thi (nut cao su hay nha co vat
con) am bao cho me betong au tien khong tiep xuc trc
tiep vi dung dch khoan trong ong o betong va loai tr
khoang chan khong khi o betong.
- Betong khong c gian oan trong thi gian dung dch khoan
co the gi thanh ho khoan (khoang 4 gi).
- Mac Betong thng dung la 250.
- Cap phoi a, cat, xi mang, nc, phu gia (neu co) phai
ung vi mac betong.
- Chat lng cua cac vat lieu betong phai am bao, tranh
cac tap chat.
- o sut cua betong khoang 180 mm.
- Khoi lng betong thc te so vi kch thc lo coc theo ly
thuyet khong c > 20 %. Khi ton that betong ln phai
kiem tra lai bien phap gi thanh ho khoan.
- Lay mau betong e kiem tra chat lng cua betong.

CONG TY CP KT-XD KIEN MINH

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9. Quy trnh o Betong:

- Can c tiet dien va chieu dai coc thiet ke, ky thuat vien
tnh s bo lng betong se can e lap ay lo khoan. Thc
te tiet dien coc se ln hn tuy theo tang a chat.
- e am bao chat lng va cng o betong trong suot
chieu dai coc, th thi gian o betong cho 1 coc khong c
keo dai qua 6 gi.
- Qui trnh cat ong o betong: Ky thuat vien va giam sat
co the theo doi cao o cua mc betong dang len trong ho
khoan bang cach tnh s bo lng betong o qua tng me.
- Trc khi cat ong o betong phai nang ong o roi tha
chung Cable e xac nh o ngoi cua ong o trong
betong, roi cho cat ong.
- Khi betong dang len mieng ho khoan, du cong tac ve sinh
a c lam ky lng nhng lp betong tren cung thng
b nhiem bun t nhien. Nen lp betong tren cung trao ra
khoi mieng ho khoan phai bo i, khi thay lp betong ke
tiep at yeu cau th ngng o.
10. KIEM TRA VA NGHIEM THU:
a. Kiem tra dung dch khoan:
- Dung dch khoan phai c chuan b trong cac bon cha co
dung tch u ln, pha tron vi nc sach, cap phoi tuy theo
chung loai Bentonite.

CONG TY CP KT-XD KIEN MINH

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- Be day lp can lang ay coc 10 cm (oi vi coc ma sat +
chong)
- Kiem tra dung dch khoan bang cac thiet b thch hp, viec o
lng dung trong co o chnh xac 0.005 g/ml.
- Trc khi o betong neu kiem tra mau dung dch tai o sau
khoang 0.5 m t ay len co khoi lng rieng > 1.25 g/cm3,
ham lng cat > 8%, o nht > 28 giay th phai thoi ra ay
lo khoan e am bao chat lng coc.

Bang 1: Ch tieu tnh nang ban au cua dung dch

Bentonite.

Tn ch tiu

Ch tiu tnh
nng

Phng php kim

tra

1. Khi lng ring

1.05 1.15 g/cm3

T trng
Bomk

2. nht

18 45 giy

Phu 500/700cc

3. Hm lng ct

< 6%

4. T l cht keo

> 95%

ong cc

5. Lng mt nc

< 30 ml/30pht

Dng c o lng mt nc

hoc

CONG TY CP KT-XD KIEN MINH

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6. dy o st 1 3 mm/30pht
7. Lc ct tnh

8.
Tnh
nh

Dng c o lng mt nc

1pht:
20

30 Lc k ct tnh
2
mg/cm
10 pht 50 100
mg/cm2

n < 0.03 g/cm2

79

9. pH

Giy th pH

b. Kiem tra lo khoan:

- Sai so cho phep ve lo coc do thiet ke quy nh.
Bang 2: Cac thong so can kiem tra ve lo coc

Thng s kim
tra

Phng php kim tra

-Kim tra bng mt c n ri

-Dng siu m hoc camera ghi chp hnh l cc
-Theo chiu di cn khoan v mi khoan
thng ng v -Thc dy
-Qu di
su
-My o nghing
- Th chu (hnh chp nng 1kg)
lng y l
- So snh su o bng thc dy trc v sau khi
vt, thi ra
Tnh trng l cc

- Sai s cho php v su h khoan 10cm.

c. Kiem tra long thep:

- Sai so cho phep ve long thep do thiet ke quy nh.
Bng 4: Sai s cho php ch to lng thp.
Hng mc
1. C ly gia cc ct ch
2. C ly ct ai hoc ct l
so
3. ng knh lng thp
4. di lng thp

Sai s cho php,mm

10
20
10
50

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d. Kiem tra Betong:

- Betong trc khi o phai lay mau, moi coc 3 to mau lay
cho 3 phan: au, gia, mui coc; moi to 3 mau. Ket qua ep
mau kem theo ly lch coc.
- Can ket hp t 2 phng phap khac nhau tr len e kiem
tra betong. Khi coc co chieu sau > 30 lan ng knh th phai
dung phng phap kiem tra qua ong at san.
- Khi phat hien khuyet tat, neu con nghi ng can kiem tra
bang khoan lay mau va cac bien phap khac e khang nh

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kha nang chu tai lau dai cua no trc khi quyet nh x
ly sa cha hoac phai thay the bang cac coc khac. Quyet
nh cuoi cung do Thiet ke kien ngh, Chu au t chap
thuan.
e. Kiem tra sc chu tai cua coc n:
- Sc chu tai cua coc n do thiet ke xac nh. Tuy theo mc
o quan trong cua cong trnh va tnh phc tap cua ieu kien
a chat cong trnh ma thiet ke quy nh so lng coc can
kiem tra sc chu tai.
- So lng coc can kiem tra sc chu tai c quy nh da
tren mc o hoan thien cong nghe cua nha thau, mc o
rui ro khi thi cong, tam quan trong cua cong trnh. Toi thieu
moi loai ng knh 1 coc. Toi a la 2% tong so coc.
- Ket qua th nghiem la can c phap ly e nghiem thu
mong coc.
- Phng phap kiem tra sc chu tai cua coc n chu yeu la
th Tnh (nen tnh, nho tnh, nen ngang). oi vi cac coc
khong the th tnh c (coc tren song, bien ) th nen dung
phng phap th ong PDA, Osterberg, Statnamic
- Tien hanh th tnh coc co the trc hoac sau khi thi cong
coc ai tra. au coc th nghiem nen tnh phai cao hn mat
at xung quanh 20 30 cm va co ong thep day 5 6 mm, dai
khoang 1 m e am bao khong b nt khi th nghiem va
phan anh ung chat lng thi cong.
f. Nghiem thu: Da tren c s cac ho s sau:
- Ho s thiet ke c duyet.
- Bien ban nghiem thu trac at nh v truc mong coc.
- Ket qua kiem nh chat lng vat lieu, chng ch xuat
xng cua cac vat lieu che tao trong nha may.
- Ket qua th nghiem mau betong.
- Ho s nghiem thu tng coc.
- Ban ve hoan cong coc co thuyet minh sai lech theo mat
bang va chieu sau cung cac coc bo sung va cac thay oi
thiet ke a c chap thuan.
- Cac ket qua th nghiem o toan khoi cua cay coc (th
nghiem bien dang nho PIT ) theo quy nh cua thiet ke.
- Cac ket qua th nghiem kiem tra sc chu tai cua coc.
11. CAC BIEN PHAP AN TOAN LAO ONG:

CONG TY CP KT-XD KIEN MINH

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- Tat ca cac loai may moc, thiet b van hanh phai tuyet oi
tuan theo quy trnh an toan, ac biet la quy trnh an toan cho xe
cau va may khoan.
- Lap dng he thong bien bao khu vc nguy hiem, khu vc coc
va mi o betong xong, cam di chuyen qua cac khu vc
nay.
- Khi b tac ong o betong, Nha thau phai co phng an x
ly c thiet ke chap thuan va ch c x ly theo lenh
cua ngi ch huy chung.

Tai lieu tham khao

- TCXDVN 326 2004: Thi cong va nghiem thu coc khoan

nhoi.
- TCXD 205:1997
Va mot so tai lieu T Van Giam Sat.

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Tp.HCM, ngay 15/02/2003