,

.

.
, ,

;
;

;
.
,
, ,
:

()


, .

,

,


.
kkm
ki0
kkm ki0

.
79

M = M0 + M1 1 + M2 2 + K + +Mn n


.

80

4.

4.1

M, T N

.
60 kN
15 kN/m
2

30/30

30/60

30/30

3
B

- :
0,3 0,6 3
0,3 0,3 3
J =
= 0,0054 m 4
= 0,000675 m 4
12
12
7
E J 3,15 10 0,000675
k1 =
=
= 7087,5
l
3
J =

2 =

E J
l

3,15 10 7 0,0054
= 42525,0
4

81

1. ()

U1

U2
k2

U3

k1

k1

3
B
1

2.

U1 = 1,0; U2 = 0; U3 = 0

6k 2
4

4k2

k11

6k1
3

k21
4k1 k2

2
2k2

k1
A

2k1

k11

82

4k1

6k1
3

4k2

6k1
3

4k1

6k 2
4

k1

B
1

4
k21

4k2
1

6k1
3

k31

2k2

2k2

k31
2

M1 = 0

M2 = 0

X = 0

6 k1
=0
3
6 7087,5
=
3
= 14175,0

k 31

k 11 4 k 1 4 k 2 = 0

k 21 2 k 2 = 0

k 11 = 4 7087,5 + 4 42525

k 21 = 2 42525,0

k 11 = 198450,0

k 21 = 85050,0

k 31
k 31

U1 = 0; U2 = 1,0; U3 = 0

6k 2
4

k12
2k2

6k 2
4

k2

3k1
3

k22
2

B
1

k12

2k2
2k2

4k2

3k1
3

k22

k32
2

4k2

3k1

3k1
3
M1 = 0

3k1

4k2
k1

k1

k32

3k1
3
3k1

M2 = 0

k12 2 k 2 = 0

k 22 4 k 2 3 k1 = 0

k12 = 2 42525,0

k 22 = 4 42525,0 + 3 7087,5

k12 = 85050,0

k 22 = 191362,5

X = 0
3 k1
=0
3
3 7087,5
=
3
= 7087,5

k 32
k 32
k 32

83

U1 = 0; U2 = 0; U3 = 1,0

6k1
3

k13
1

6k1
3

k2

12k1
3

k1

3k1

32

k23

k13
1

6k1
3
12k1

12k1
32

6k1
3

32

6k1
=0
3
6 7087,5
=
3
= 14175,0

32

k1

k33

3k1

12k1

M1 = 0

3k1
3

k23

3k1
3
3k1
32

M2 = 0
3 k1
=0
3
3 7087,5
=
3
= 7087,5

k33
2

3k1
32
3k1
3
X = 0

k13

k 23

k 33

k13

k 23

k 33

k13

k 23

k 33

12 k1

3 k1

=0
3
32
12 7087,5 3 7087,5
=
+
32
32
= 11812,5
2

:
1 - 2
q l 2 15,0 4,0 2
=
= 20,0 kNm
1 = 2 =
2
2
2 3
3 = P l = 60,0 1,0 = 60 kNm
2 3
3 =
84

q l 2 15,0 1,0 2
=
= 7,5 kNm
2
2

:
1 2
ql
R1 = R 2 =
2
15,0 4
R1 = R 2 =
= 30,0 kN
2

60,0
20,0

20,0
7,5
k2

30,0

30,0

k1

k1

k1p

k2p
20,0
1

20,0

60,0
2

20,0

M1 = 0
k 1p 20,0 = 0

M2 = 0
k 2p + 20,0 60,0 7,5 = 0

k 1p = 20,0

k p = 47,5

7,5

X = 0
k 3p = 0

3.

k 11 U1 + k 12 U2 + k 13 U3 + k 1p = 0
k 21 U1 + k 22 U2 + k 23 U3 + k 2p = 0
k 31 U1 + k 32 U2 + k 33 U3 + k 3p = 0
198450,0 U1 + 85050,0 U2 + 14175 U3 = 20,0
85050,0 U1 + 191362,5 U2 + 7087,5 U3 = 47,5
14175,0 U1 + 7087,5 U2 + 11812,5 U3 = 0
U1 = 3,785 10 6 rad

U2 = 2,523 10 4 rad

U3 = 1,559 10 4 m

85

4. :
M = Mp + M1 U1 + M 2 U 2 + M3 U3

M A = 0 2 k 1 U1 + 0

6 k1
U3 = 2 7087,5 ( 3,785 10 6 ) 2 1,559 10 4
3

M A = 2,156 kNm
MB = 0
M1 = 0 4 k 1 U1 + 0

6 k1
U3 = 2,102 kNm
3

M1 = 20,0 4 k 2 U1 2 k 2 U 2 + 0 = 2,102 kNm

M 2 = 20,0 2 k 2 U1 4 k 2 U 2 + 0 = 63,238 kNm
M 2 = 0 + 0 3 k 1 U 2

3 k1
U3 = 4,26 kNm
3

M 2 = 67,5 kNm
67,5

63,238
1

2,102

4,26

3
3

A
2,156

86

B
4

4.2

M, T N

.

30/30

20 kN/m

30 kN

k2
k1
A

30/50
4

- :

0,3 0,53
0,3 0,33
4
J =
J =
= 0,003125 m
= 0,000675 m4
12
12
7
E J 3,15 10 0,003125
k1 =
=
= 24609,375
l
4
k2 =

E J 3,15 107 0,000675

=
= 5315,625
l
4

1. ()
B

k2

k1
A

U1
2

1
U2

87

2.

U1 = 1,0; U2 = 0

k2

M1
2k1
k1
A

k11

3k2

6k1
4

3k 2
4

4k1 6k1

4
k21

U1 = 0; U2 = 1,0

30,0

B
1,0

k2

M2

6k1
4

88

12k1
42

50,0

k12

k1

Mp

12k1
42

30,0 30kN

40,0

6k1
4
k22

K1p

k2p

30,0

3. :
-: U1 = 1,0; U2 = 0

= 0

1 = 0
3k2

4k1

1
k21

6k1
3

k11

6 k1
=0
4
k 21 = 36914,0625

k11 4 k1 3 k 2 = 0

k 21

k11 = 114384,375
-: U1 = 0; U2 = 1,0

= 0

1 = 0

k12

6k1
4

12k1
42

6 k1
=0
4
= 36914,0625

k22

12 k1
=0
42
= 18457,031

k12

k 22

k12

k 22

-:

= 0

1 = 0
40,0
k1p

30,0

k2p

30,0

30,0

30,0

k 1 40,0 30,0 = 0

k 2 + 30,0 = 0

k 1 = 70,0

k 2 = 30,0
89

4.

k 11 U1 + k 12 U2 + k 1p = 0

114384,375 U1 + 36914,0625 U2 = 70,0

k 21 U1 + k 22 U2 + k 2p = 0

36914,0625 U1 + 18457,031 U2 = 30,0

U1 = 3,205 10 3 rad

U2 = 8,036 10 3 m

5. :

M = Mp + M1 U1 + M2 U2
6 k1
U2 = 138,805 kNm
4
6k
M1 = 0 4 k 1 U1 1 U2 = 18,85 kNm
4

M1
= 30 kNm

MA = 0 2 k 1 U1

M1 = 40 3 k 2 U1 = 207,7297 kNm
B

138,895
18,85

A
4

90

30

2
1 11,1097
1