7.

MATRI^EN METOD NA
DEFORMACII
7.1 KOORDINATI NA KONSTRUKCIJA I KOORDINATI
NA ELEMENTI


( 7.1).
,
.

,
.
,
.
,

,
.
.

, .

102

3
2

3
2
4

Y
X

7.1

,
(), -

.

. , (
7.1),
.
.
, ,
. ( 7.1),
,
. ,

. ,
, P,
, U.
, P,U
, p,u
.

103

3
2

u1,p1

u1
u
2

u 3
u 4

u3,p3
u2,p2

element

p1
p

, 2
p 3
p 4

element

u4,p4

(i) 7.2
(ii)
( 7.2) ,
.
,
.

7.2 MATRICA NA KRUTOST NA KONSTRUKCIJA I

MATRICA NA KRUTOST NA ELEMENTI
,

, (6.2).
(6.2)
:

[K ] {U} + {P } = 0 [K ] {U} = {P }
0

:
k11
k
[K ] = 21
M

k n1

k12
k 22
kn2

L k 1n
L k 2 n

L k nn

(7.1)

104

-
.

U1
U
{U} = 2
M
U n

vektor na nepoznatite deformacii na sistemot

P10
P
{P0 } = 20
M
Pn 0

vektor na sili vo dopolnitelnite vrski na kinemati~ki opredelen si-stem predizvikani

od nadvore[ni tovari

{Po }
. (7.1),
,
. ,
,
, (7.1) :

[K ] {U} = {P }
0

(7.2)

[K ]

.

105

7.2.1 MATRICI NA KRUTOST NA KARAKTERISTI^NI

ELEMENTI
i.

,
, ( 7.3).
el
[k ]
4 4 .

6EI
l2

3
2

EI
l

u1=1

b12EI

12EI
l3

6EI
l2

l3

b
4EI
l

6EI
l2

u2=1

2EI
l

b6EI
l2

v
(iii) 7.3

. ,

u1 = 1, u 2 = 0, u 3 = 0, u 4 = 0 . ( 7.3)

, 6.4.1. , ( 7.3)

u1 = 0, u 2 = 1, u 3 = 0, u 4 = 0 .
, :

106

[k ]

12EI
l3
6EI
2
= l
12EI
l3
6EI
2
l

[k ]

6l 12 6l
12
6l
4l 2 6l 2l 2
EI
= 3
l 12 6l 12 6l

2l 2 6l 4l 2
6l

el

el

ii.

6EI
l2
4EI
l
6EI
2
l
2EI
l

12EI
l3
6EI
2
l
12EI
l3
6EI
2
l

6EI
l2
2EI

l
6EI
2
l
4EI

(7.3)

(7.4)

,
, (
el
7.4). [k ]
3 3 .

3EI
l2

3
2

EI
l

a)

3EI
l3
3EI
l

u1=1

3EI
l3

b)
u2=1

3EI
l2

3EI
l2

v)
(iv) 7.4

107

u1 = 1, u 2 = 0, u 3 = 0 . ( 7.4)
. , ( 7.4)

u1 = 0, u 2 = 1, u 3 = 0 . ,
:

[k ]

el

3EI
l3
3EI
= 2
l
3EI
l3

3EI
l2
3EI
l
3EI
2
l

3EI
l3
3l 3
3
3EI EI

2 = 3 3l 3l 2 3l
l l
3 3l 3
3EI
3

(7.5)

2
EI

[k ]

el

3 3 3l
EI
= 3 3 3 3l
l
3l 3l 3l 2

(v) 7.5

7.2.2 FORMIRAWE NA MATRICATA NA KRUTOST NA SISTEM
SO PRIMENA NA METODOT NA KODNI BROEVI

[k ]
, ..
. .
[K ]
[ ]
el

[K ] = [ ] [k ] [ ]
T

108

[k ]1el

[k ]s =

[k ]

el
2

el
[k ]n

(7.6)

[k ]s ,

.
,
.
,
.
[K ]
.

.
.
Primer 7.1
( 7.6)
.
(b) ,
.

P
c.

109

7.6

,
.

[k ]

[k ]

el
1

el
2

a 11
a
21
=
a 31

a 41

a 12
a 22
a 32
a 42

a 13
a 23
a 33
a 43

a 14
a 24
a 34

a 44

b11
= b 21
b 31

b12
b 22
b 32

b13
b 23
b 33

0
1
0

2
1
0
0

[K ] =

(a 22 + b 22 )
a 21

a 21
a 11

7.7


( 7.7).

7.3 VEKTOR NA TOVARI

, 7.2,
, {P0 } .

.
,

110

. ,


el
; {p}o .
, , .

.
.
Primer 7.2
( 7.6), .
( 7.6) P
,
.

;
( 7.8).


:

{Po } = {Po }jazol + {Po }ekvivalent

{Po } =

jazol

Pl ql 2

8
+ 8

ekvivalent

Pl ql 2

8
= 8

3P

ql 2
8

3
2

Pl
8

4
3

{p 0 }1el

P
2
Pl

= 8
P

2
Pl
8

5ql
8
P
2

Pl
8

ql 2
8

Pl

{p 0 }el2

3ql
5ql 8
8
ql 2

=
8
3ql
8

5ql
8

{Po }ekvivalent

Pl ql 2

8
= 8

111

7.8

[K ]
{Po }
(7.2), {U} :

{U} = [K ]1{Po }

(7.7)

[F] .

.

{U} , ,

el
{u} .
,
:

{p}eldef = [k ]el {u}el + {p}elo

(7.8)

112

7.3
( 7.9)
.
1.

2.
3.

;
( 7.10 ).
( 7.10).

[k ] .
el

10KN/m

40K

(i) 7.9

1
1

2
2

j.

3
2

1
1

1
3
4

4
3

113

(ii) 7.10

6l 12 6l
18 12 18
12
12
6l

2
2
4l
6l 2l EI 18
36 18 18
[k ]1 = EI3
=
l 12 6l 12 6l 27 12 18 12 18

2l 2 6l 4l 2
18 18 36
6l
18
0

3
1
0
0
2

6l 12 6l
13.5 4.5 13.5
12
4.5
6l

2
2
6l 2l EI 13.5
4l
5.4 13.5 2.7
3EI
[k ]2 = 3
=
l 12 6l 12 6l 27 4.5 13.5 13.5 13.5

2.7 13.5 5.4

2l 2 6l 4l 2
6l
13.5
3

1
0
2

18 12 18
6l 12 6l
12
12
6l

2
2
6l 2l EI 18
36 18 18
4l
[k ]3 = EI3
=
l 12 6l 12 6l 27 12 18 12 18

18 18 36
2l 2 6l 4l 2
6l
18
4.

3
2
0
0

[K ] :

90 27 18
EI
[K ] = 27 90 18
27
18 18 24
5.

ql 2
= 30
12

Pl
= 15
8
Pl
8

ql
= 30
2
P
= 20
2

ql 2
= 30
12
ql
2

qa 2
2

114

(iii) 7.11

{p 0 }1el

P
2
Pl 20
15

= 8 =

P
20
2 15
Pl
8

15
{Po } = 10
20

6.

3
1
0
0

{p0 }el2

ql
2
ql 2 30
30

= 12 =

ql
30

2 2 30
ql
12

0
1
0
2

, (7.7),

115

0.002381 0.008333 15
0.01349
27
{U} = [K ] {Po } = 0.002381 0.01349 0.008333 10
EI
0.008333 0.008333 0.054166 20
1

0.3928
27
{U} = 0.003967
EI

1.12499
7.

. , ,
,
. ,
,

.

{u}1el

1.12499

27 0.3928
=

EI 0
0

{u}3el =

8.

{u}el2

1
0
0

0.3928
27

0
EI

0.003967

0
1
0
2

1.12499 3

27 0.003967 2

EI

0
0

,
(7.8),
.

{p}1def = [k ]1{u}1 + {po }1

116

{p}1def

18 12 18
12
1.12499 20 13.57
18

36 18 18 27 0.3928 15 8.893
EI
=

=
+
27 12 18 12 18 EI 0 20 26.43

0 15 28.178
18 18 36
18

2
{p}def

13.5 4.5 13.5

0
4.5

30
13.5

5.4
13.5 2.7 27 0.3928 30
EI
=

+
=
0
30
27 4.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 EI

13
.
5
2
.
7

13
.
5
5
.
4
0
.
003967

30

2
{p}def

24.75
8.893

35.248
40.393

{p}3def

18 12 18
12
1.12499 0 13.57
18

36 18 18 27 0.003967 0 20.393
EI
=

+ =

0
27 12 18 12 18 EI
0 13.57

0 20.321
18 18 36
0
18

, ( 7.12).

.

X = 0
Y = 0
M = 0
jazol

40.393

20

8.89
20.393

26.4

28.1

13.5
28.1

24.7

55.2

117

7.12.

M = 8.893 8.893 = 0, M
X = 40 26.43 13.57 = 0
Y = q 8 24.75 55.25 = 0
1

= 40.393 20 20.393 = 0

7.4 MATRICI NA TRANSFORMACII

, ,
()
. ,

.
,
,

.
.

118

() .

.
Primer 7.4
( 7.13),
.

20KN/m
40KN

(iv)
(v) 7.13
1.

. ,
,
.

1
1

2
3

p.
1

119

7.14

2.

[k ]

0.24 0.096 0.24

6l 12 6l
12
0.096
6l

2
2
0.24
0.8
0.4
4l
6l 2l
0.24
EI
= 3
= EI
0.096 0.24 0.096 0.24
l 12 6l 12 6l

2
2
2l
0 .4
0 .8
6l 4l
0.24
6l
0.24

[k ]

3l 3
0.24 0.048
0.048
3
EI

2
0.24
= 3 3l 3l
3l = EI 0.24
1.20
l
0.048 0.24 0.048
3 3l 3

lokal
1

lokal
2

3.

4
3

q
1

7.15

120
4.

u2 = 1
1.25

0.75
1

7.16 u 2 = 1

5.

{u}1lokal = [T ]1{u}1global
lokal

u1
u
2

u 3
u 4
1

{u}

lokal
2

6.

0
0
1
0
0 1.25
0
0

0 u1
0 u 2

0 u 3

1 u 4

global

= [T ]2 {u}

lokal

u1

u 2
u
3 2

1
0
=
0

global
2

0.75 0
global
u1

= 0
1
u
0
0 2 2

,
, ,

[k ]

global
1

= [T ]1 [k ]1
T

lokal

[T ]

[k ]

global
1

121

0 0.096
0.24 0.096 0.24 1

1
0
0 0.24
0 .8
0.24
0.4 0
EI
0 1.25 0 0.096 0.24 0.096 0.24 0

0
0
1 0.24
0.4
0.24
0.8 0

1
0

[k ]

global
1

[k ]

global
2

0.096 0.24 0.12 0.24

0.24 0.8 0.3 0.4

= EI
0.12 0.3 0.15 0.3

0.24 0.4 0.3 0.8

0
0
2
1

0.24 0.048 0.75 0

0.048
0.75 0 0
=
1.20
1
0.24 0
EI 0.24
0
1
0

0.048 0.24 0.048 0

0

[k ]

global
2

7.

0
1
0
0
0 1.25 0

0
0
1

0.027 0.18
= EI

0.18 1.2

2
1

[K ] = EI

2.00 0.12

0.12 0.177

8.

40KN

ql 2
8

2
3

4
5ql
8

3ql
8

122

{p 0 }lokal
2

5ql
8
ql 2 62.5

= = 62.5
8 37.5

3ql
8

7.17
9.

:
T
lokal
{p o }global
= [T ]2 {p o }2
2

{p o }2

global

62.5
0.75 0 0
46.875
=
62.5 =

62.5
1 0
0

37.5

2
1

62.5

46.875

{p}ekv =

10.

:

0 62.5 62.5
+
=

40 46.875 6.875

{P} = {p}jaz + {p}ekv =

11.

:

{U} = [K ]1{P} =

1 0.521 0.353 62.5 1 34.989

EI 0.353 5.889 6.875 EI 62.549

123

12.
:

{u}1global

EI 62.549
34.989

{u}global
=
2

0
0
2
1

1 62.549 2

EI 34.989 1

13.
:

{u}1lokal = [T ]1{u}1global

{u}

lokal
2

= [T ]2 {u}

global
2

1
0
=
0

0 0

0 1 0
1 0

0 1.25 0 EI 62.549 EI 78.186

34.989
0
0
1 34.989

0
1

0
0

0.75 0
46.912
1 62.549 1

= 0
1
= 34.989
EI 34.989 EI

0
0
0

14.

:

{p}1lokal = [k ]1lokal {u}1lokal

{p}1lokal

0.24 0.096 0.24 0

0.891
0.096

4.769

0.24
0.8
0.24
0.4 1 0

= EI

0.096 0.24 0.096 0.24 EI 78.186 0.891

0.24
0 .4
0.8 34.989 9.227
0.24

lokal
lokal
{p}lokal
= [k ]2 {u}2
2

124

{p}

lokal
2

0.24 0.048 46.912 10.649

0.048
1

= EI 0.24
0.24 34.989 = 53.246
1.20
EI
10.649
0.048 0.24 0.048 0

15.

{p}2 = {p o }2

lokal

+ {p}

lokal
2

62.5 10.649 51.851

= 62.5 + 53.246 = 9.254

37.5 10.649 48.149

51.851

0.891

48.149

9.227
9.254

0.891

4.769

7.18
9.22

Mdef
4.796
7.19