+ Channel Concepts + Call Setup + Burst & Multi Frames + Mapping of Logical Channels + Definitions of SDCCH + Usage of SDCCH in the GSM network (BSC) + Possible SDCCH Configuration + SDCCH Holding Time Nov 17, 2003, 'S. Rajshekhar Deshraj * SDCCH Traffic Estimations + SDCCH Congestion + Reasons for SDCCH congestion * How to detect SDCCH congestions + Prevent ¢ actions to avoid SDCCH congestions * SDCCH Dimensioning + Parameters for SDCCH Dimensioning + Counters & Report Analysis Noy 17, 2003 S. Rajshekhar Deshraj “turNoy 17, 2003 'S. Rajshekhar Deshraj toTuH Erequency Correction Channel (FCCH) *Downlink Channel “BTS: Transmits a carrier frequency (Pure sine wave of 67.7 KHz) This Solve 2 purpose a> Make sure that this is BCCH Cartier b> To allow the MS to synehr to quency oe OMS: After Switch x49 SERA for this channels ince it has no ncy to use. FCCH carrier enables a mobile to Ney 17, 2003Syncronization Channel (SCH F +Downlink Channels “BTS: Transmits TDMA Frame number + Base Stal Identity Code (BSIC= NCC + BCC ) *MS: MS decodes the BSIC if ‘the chosen BTS is GSM Base station within a cell a Noy 17, 2003Paging Channel (PCH ‘Downlink Channels I + BTS: Broadcast the paging message to indicate the Incoming _ Calls or In S. Paging message also includes the MS’s identity number I MSI ME — + MS: MS listens to the PCH. If it identifies its own mobile _- subscriber identity number on the PCH, it will respond. Nov 17, 2003 ‘fDTUHRandom Access Channel (RACH) *RACH is transmitted Uplink only L 3 wie *When mobile is paged , it replies unos Juesting a signaling channel. wae wae *RACH can also used if the e MS wants to make a contact the NW/ a ‘iginating calls Assignment. + SMS point-to-point: SMS messages to/from MS in Idle mode. * Fax Setup * Optional: USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) data transfer. MS<->Network. Similar to SMS. Controlled by the MSC. Nov 17, 2003 “tovuHSDCCHB : 8 Sub channels for signaling are mapped on | TS, this results 1 less TCH for the cell SDCCHAé (Combining BCCH and SDCCH) :4 Sub channels for signaling are mapped on BCCH TS. Asa result Paging capacity on BCCH is reduced by 1/3. CBCH: If CBCH is active | sub channel of SDCCH is replaced by 1 CBCH channel. Limitations : SDCCH/8 in a cell = Number of TRX’s CONFIGURATIONS YDOOTA. YDOOA [soccnra [SDCCHI4sCBCH. Noy 17, 2003 ‘fDTUHNov 17, 2003 “WowkNoy 17, 2003SDCCH congestion: All SDCCH ina cell are at the same time busy for a period of time which leads to rejection for new MS. Reasons : + Hanging SDCCH: Are SDCCH that are hanging busy and unusable for a Jong time (many minutes or indefinite). Hanging SDCCH are generally caused by SW faults. + Heavily used SDCCH: SDCCH seen as continuously busy even though they are used by different MS and thus carries traffic. Tt may cause due to : > Extreme end-user behaviors: Sport event ending, festivals or celebrations. > Increased mean hold time of the SDCCH: Mean hold time increase from 210 10 seconds can give SDCCH congestion. Nov 17, 2003 ‘fDTUHNormal Location Updating =3.5 Sec Periodic Registration = 3.5 Sec IMSI Attach =3.5 Sec IMSI Detach .9 Sec (IMST detach Indication message sent to ‘NW, no authentication is performed (which nomnally takes 0,6Sec) & no ack is sent to MS.) Call Setup .7 Sec (MOC) 2.9 Sec (MTC) Short Message Service(SMS) = 6.2 Sec (Vary depending the length of SMS) Fax Transmission =2.7 Sec (MOC) =2.9 Sec (MTC) False Access = 1.8 Sec (when Channel req is rec’d by system .as SDCCH is allocated by sending Imm Ass message, and the system waits certain time hefore performing disconnection.) Nov 17, 2003 ‘fbTUHNormal Location Update: Mean Holding time —_=3.5 See No of Location update =I.0 per sub and BH AC: Avg No of Location updates 000X(1 X 3.5)/3600=0.972 mE/Sub IC : No Location updating at all }000X(0 X 3.5)/3600=0 mE/Sub- BC: 3 times the Avg no of Location updates =1000X(3 X 3.5)/3600=2.9 16mE/Sub SMS: Mean Holding time =6.2 Sec No of SMS submitted =1.0 per Sub and BH Traffic : 1000 X (1.0 X 6.2) /3600=1.7 mE/sub Call Setup: Mean Holding time . 7 Sec(MOC) & 2.9 Sec(MTO, Mob Originating Traffic (Incl B Ans) =0.8 BHCA Mob Terminating Traffic (Incl B Ans) =0.4 BHCA Traffic : 1000 X {(0.8 X 2.7)+(0.4 X 2.9)} / 3600 =0.9 mE/sub Noy 17, 2003 ‘foTUHIncreased mean hold time of SDCCH can be caused by: * Too low signal strength at access to the system Dac to LSS MS will be lostcommunication withthe system, This will lead to timeout in the BSC (RLINKT ), and thus the SDCCH is used until timeout. Increase ACCMIN. * Congestion of TCH/TRA/RALT Will increase CP execution time before rejecting Imm Ass. Minor increase in mean hold time expected, * C7 problems to MSC (or TRC) In case of C7 signalling problems (SCCP) towards MSC (and/or TRC) can lead to timeout on SCCP. ‘connection setup. This will leadto more than 2 minutes held time for SDCCH, + Handover on SDCCH Handover on SDCCH will in itself increase mean hold time on SOCCH. However minor increase is expected Nov 17, 2003 ‘fDTUH* Congestion on Air-interface ‘Congestion on Air-interface leads to delay in communication to the MS. Can give timeout in BSC during Imm Ass.Inereases SDCCH mean hold time with more than 2 seconds, + Congestion on Abis (LAPD link) Congestion on Abis leads to delay in communication with BTS and MS. Can give timeout inBSC. during channel activation (TCHACTIVE). Increase SDCCH mean hold time with more than 5 seconds, + Congestion on A-interface Congestion on the A-interface will lead to increased mean hold time on SDCCH. Increase is unknown. * High load in MSC/VLR or HLR High load in MSC/VLR and/or HLR will lead to inercased mean hold tine on SDCCH. Increase is unknown, voy 17, 2003 ‘oTUHThere is no good way to detect SDCCH congestion in real time in the BSC! A number of symptoms to look for: * Increased CP Load. * Decreased usage of TRA devices. * Location Updates fails => Mobile terminating calls does not reach the subscriber. + Subscriber complaints. Can not access the system. + STS counters . Object type: CLSDCCH and CLSDCCHO. + Seizure Supervision of LCHs (but only for Hanging SDCCHs!) Nov 17, 2003 ‘fDTUH* Avoid combined BCCH in cells with many SDCCHs * Use the optional feature Adaptive Configuration of SDCCHs (ACL) + Use USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service data) with care, can cause long meanhold time on SDCCH. + Avoid Handover on SDCCH * Proper Dimensioning of the TCHs and TRA devices in the BSC. * Use recommended values for Periodic Location Updates Avoid unnecessary Periodic Location Updates = BSC: T3212 (RLSBC) 10 (4 hours) MSC: BTDM (MGIDI) = 240 (4 hours) MSC: GTDM (MGIDI) = 6 (6 minutes) + Use Immediate Assignment on TCH. * Increases the no of SDCCH ina Cell where SDCCH load is high Nov 17, 2003 ‘fDTUHSDCCH Dimensioning is a compromise between SDCCH blocking rate and TCH Capacity. In order to have a successful call setup there has to be an available SDCCH as well as available TCH. Basic SDCCH configuratio: It is recommended to choose 1 SDCCHB as the basic configuration for all the cells, If LA> 2100 Erlang (500 TRX) 1 SDCCH/4 as the basic configuration for all the cells, If LA< 2100 Erlang (500 TRX) Noy 17, 2003Automatic SDCCH dimensioning: This can be done with optional Adaptive Configuration of Logical Channel feature. This feature will add extra SDCCH/8 by reconfiguring idle TCH when SDCCH load is high, and revert back to TCH if SDCCH load goes down. Manual SDCCH Dimensioning : *Monitoring SDCCH / TCH Traffic ina cell *SDCCH/TCH load ratio *SDCCH Grade of Service:- Max allowed TCH GOS % =2 % The rule of Thumb says: SDCCH/4 : Max. SDCCH GOS =1/2 * 2= 1 % SDCCHI8 : Max. SDCCH GOS =1/4 * 2= 0.5% Nov 17, 2003 ‘fDTUHIn case of this feature on the channel administration assigns TCH for signaling instead of an SDCCH, based on 7 different channels allocation strategies (CHAPs) TCH first strategy : Decreases the SDCCH load and enable to use SDCCH/4 in all the cells Traffic load on TCH will in this case increases substantially so this strategy is not recommended. SDCCH first strategy : SDCCH is always allocated first if available, otherwise signaling is performed on TCH. Nov 17, 2003 ‘fDTUHImmediate Assignment on TCH not used Number of Max spccHcontiguation — | spec | specwTcH- SDCCHS Numer of Teh specwte SDOCH = SDCCHS Nov 17, 2003 ‘fDTUHExample ASSUME: CELL=3TRX SDCCH Traffic =4 Erlang, Bechtype=NCOMB.No CBCH GOS: SDCCH/ = 1%, SDCCH/8 =0.5% & TCH % =2% 1> When Immediate Assignment on TCH not used Erlang B Table ‘To maintain 0.5 % GOS & 4 Erlang min 13 Subchannels reqd 2SDCCH/8 => TCH=(3TRX*8TS) ~(1BCCH)-(2SDCCH/8)=21TCH’s 21TCH’s with 2% GOS = 14.04 Erlang 2> When Immediate Assignment on TCH used If we use ISDCCHI8 only than 4 Frlangs with & sub channels GOS=>3 % Congested Erlang will be =4 Erlang x 3 %=0.12Erlang 1SDCCH/8 => TCH=GTRX*8TS) -(1BCCH)-(ISDCH/8)=22TCH’s 22TCH’s with 2% GOS => 14.9 Erlang Actual TCH Capacity=14.9 — 0.12 = 14.7 Erlang TCH Capacity in the cell is increased with 0.7 Erlang Nov 17,2003 “truRecommended SDCCH Configurations (Cal Brace NunberofTRXs [SDCCH configuration — | SDCCH confarsion — | SDCCH cenfiguatie, —T SDCCH wean, ‘Average Cal Inner Cel der Cl Argo Col inet ao TCH soc Soca ‘soecnmespocua | soccer speci speci | soccwasspccns | 2+specum sce @ soocirespecna_| 2 SDCCHTN Te SICH SoccHs 7 Desbeciis sbccHa | 2esoceHessbecna | 3° sbeciy De sDOCHE Nov 17, 2003 ‘fDTUHAL! APACT’ LAT Half rate will affect SDCCH dimensioning since more signaling will be req’d when no of TCH is increased. Important dimensioning factor is therefore the Half rate penetration ia the % of Half rate mohile ina NW. Example: 2 TRX Cell, Half Rate Penetration =10 %, I SDCCH/8 TCH/F =14 support 14 Subscriber Penetration 10% of 14 is 1.4 =2 Subscribers (Req'd 2 Half Rate TCH/H) Total 13 TCH/F+2TCH/H = 15 TCH required Capacity : Erlang B Table: 15 TCH @ 2% GOS => 9.0096 Erlang Noy 17, 2003 ‘fDTUHMax Allowed SDCCH/TCH Load Ratio (Half Rate) = SS AC : Average Cells Sie ee ““ eee] BC : Border Cells IC: Taner Cells Nov 17, 2003 ‘oTUHen! based on STS data More accurate dimensioning is achieved by using cell statistics ic. STS counters *SDCCH Traffic *TCH Traffic *SDCCH/TCH Load Ratio % *SDCCH Congestion *TCH Congestion *SDCCH Mean Holding Time * Availability of SDCCH Channels * Availability of TCH Channels Noy 17, 2003MEFRMS : This parameter defines period of transmission for PAGING REQUEST messages to the same Paging subgroup. ‘T3212 : Is the periodic registration timer ACCSTATE : Activate/Deactivate the Adaptive canfig of logical channel feature per cell basis CHAP ‘Selecting Channel Allocation profile per eel SLEVEL: The attempt to increase the number of SDCCH/8 will take place when allocation of an SDCCH has failed due to congestion. STIME Parameter STIME determines how long the system waits before the number of SDCCH/8 added by this unction is decreased when the demand for signalling channels has returned to a low level BIDM :lnplicit detach supervision should be equal or longer than T3212 in BSC. GTDM : is an extra Gurad time in minutes before the subscriber is set to detach. BLINKT: Radi ‘out This parameter defines the time before an MS disconnects a call due to failure in decoding SACCH messages. The parameter is given as number of SACCH periods (480m). 17, 2003,