SOLAR POWER PUMP:

A solar powered pump is a pump running on the power of the sun. A solar
powered pump can be more environmentally friendly and economical in its operation compared
to pumps powered by an internal combustion engine (ICE) or animal power.

COMPONENTS:
Unlike a normal pump (such as positive displacement pumps, ...), the solar
powered pump is actually a more of a dictionary phrase than a technical one.It is only used to
describe that there's a pump, being powered by another device (such as solar panels), being
powered by the renewable electricity generated from the sun (solar electricity).
A solar powered pump thus consist of 4 parts :

the actual fluid pump (that actually moves (pumps) gases or liquids under pressure)

the controller (adjusting speed and output power according to input from solar panels)

the engine (usually an electric motor)

the energy source being powered by the sun (usually photovolatic cells (solar panels))

Solar array (photovolatic cells, solar panels) takes up 50% - 80% of the whole setup cost, which
is the most expensive part.
There are two major types of solar pumps, DC (direct current) and AC (alternating current). DC
solar pump:

power output up to 2kW

suitable for small applications (garden fountain, landscaping)

relatively low-priced (require slightly less solar panel)

low compatibility (only selected controller work selected motor)

AC solar pump: A solar pumping inverter is needed in AC solar pump setup. The inverter
converts DC generated from solar array to AC to drive the pumps in the mean time (as the
controller) to control output and speed.

power output range from 150W to 55kW

suitable for all kinds of applications from landscaping to irrigation, especially large scale
such as farmland irrigation, desert control, etc.

high compatibility (inverter works with different kinds of AC motor and pump)

If you have got a solar fountain at your home, then you must have learnt that it is very
convenient to install the solar fountain in your backyard. But the actual situation may be that you
do not know what to do with your solar garden fountain or the tabletop fountain. The following 3
steps will help you accomplish the setup and then just enjoy the beauty your new solar water
fountain brings to you.
1. Initiate the pump Any kind of water pump, regardless whether the electricity powered water
pump or solar powered pump, can not have a good performance if it is pumping air. To initiate
the solar pump, you need to put the body into the water so that the intake can fill with water and
the air inside can be removed at the same time. This process takes a little time but is quite
essential. This step should be every time when is has ever been detached from the solar water
fountain and has not worked for a period of time.
2. Expose the solar panel to sunlight With the solar power as the energy source, you can place the
solar powered fountain anywhere as you like, however be sure the solar panel must be located
where the panel can receive maximum sunbeam. The longer the solar panel is exposed, the more
energy it will get for the fountain to work.
3. Get the debris out of the water Though most solar powered pumps are equipped with a filter to
prevent dust and waste from blocking the solar fountain intake, the choice of water type can still
exert some influence the fountain performance. The fact is that the purer water enables more
efficient pumping. The tap water which seems to be quite pure can also leave some minerals
from the water in the pump. To prevent this, distilled water can be used, which however would

cost more. On the other hand, you can also change the water more frequently and pay more
attention of the water cleaning.

WATER PUMP:
Solar PV water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water
in India. The majority of the pumps are fitted with a 200 watt - 3,000 watt motor are powered
with 1,800 Wp PV array which can deliver about 140,000 liters of water/day from a total head of
10 meters. By 30 September, 2006, a total of 7,068 solar PV water pumping systems have been
installed

PUMP:
A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids, gases or slurries. A pump
displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action. Pumps fall into three major groups: direct
lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.Their names describe the method for moving a fluid.

Positive displacement pump:

A positive displacement pump causes a fluid to move by trapping a fixed amount of it
and then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe.
Some positive displacement pumps work using an expanding cavity on the suction side
and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the
suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The
volume is constant given each cycle of operation.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT TYPES:

1. Rotary-type
2. Reciprocating-type
3. Linear-type

Rotary positive displacement pumps:

Positive displacement rotary pumps are pumps that move fluid using the principles
of rotation. The vacuum created by the rotation of the pump captures and draws in the liquid.

Reciprocating positive displacement pumps:

Reciprocating pumps are those which cause the fluid to move using one or more
oscillating pistons, plungers or membranes (diaphragms).
Reciprocating-type pumps require a system of suction and discharge valves to ensure that the
fluid moves in a positive direction. Pumps in this category range from having "simplex" one
cylinder, to in some cases "quad" (four) cylinders or more. Most reciprocating-type pumps are
"duplex" (two) or "triplex" (three) cylinder. Furthermore, they can be either "single acting"
independent suction and discharge strokes or "double acting" suction and discharge in both
directions. The pumps can be powered by air, steam or through a belt drive from an engine or
motor. This type of pump was used extensively in the early days of steam propulsion (19th
century) as boiler feed water pumps. Reciprocating pumps are now typically used for pumping
highly viscous fluids including concrete and heavy oils, and special applications demanding low
flow rates against high resistance.
These positive displacement pumps have an expanding cavity on the suction side and a
decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pumps as the cavity on the suction
side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is
constant given each cycle of operation.
Typical reciprocating pumps are:

Plunger pumps - a reciprocating plunger pushes the fluid through one or two open valves,
closed by suction on the way back.

Diaphragm pumps - similar to plunger pumps, where the plunger pressurizes hydraulic
oil which is used to flex a diaphragm in the pumping cylinder. Diaphragm valves are used to
pump hazardous and toxic fluids.

Piston displacement pumps - usually simple devices for pumping small amounts of liquid
or gel manually. An example is the common hand soap pump.