3 Laplace1

Ditemukan oleh Piere Simon Maequis de
Laplace tahun (1747-1827) seorang ahli

astronomi dan matematika Prancis
Menurut; fungsi waktu atau f(t) dapat
ditranspormasi menjadi fungsi komplek
atau F(s)
Dimana s bilangan komplek dari s = + j2f
atau + j
= frekuensi neper = neper/detik
= frekuensi radian = radian/detik
Hasil TL dari f(t) di beri nama F(s)

Tanda TL diberikan dengan
fungsinya di tulis
atau L, dan
F ( s ) L[ f (t )]
f(t): nilai komplek dari fungsi sebuah fariabel t
F(s): Nilai komplek dari fungsi sebuah fariabel s
Inverse Transformasi Laplace

Inverse (Bilateral) Transform
L[ f (t )] F ( s ) f (t ). e
s t
dt
f t
F s
L
Notation
F(s) = L{f(t)}
f(t) = L-1{F(s)}
variable t tersirat untuk L

variable s tersirat untuk L-1
Contoh: Transpormasi Laplace

1. f(t) = A
Jawab
L[ f (t )] L( A) A. e
A st
[e ]0
s
s t
dt
A 1 1
A
A
[ 0 ] (0 1)
s e
e
s
s
Contoh 2. f(t) = At
Jawab
L[ At ] At.e dt
st
A t.e dt
st
Dibantu dengan formula integral partsiel yaitu
UV ' UV U 'V
A
st
L[ At ] A t.e dt
t
.
de
s
0
0
st
A
st
st
[t.e ]0 1.e dt
s
0
A
0
1 st
[e ]0
(0 )
s
1 s
A
1
A
0 (0 1) 2
s
s
s
Contoh 3 f(t) = e-at

jawab
L[e
at
] e .e dt
at
st
e ( a s )t dt
0
e ( a s )t
(a s)
1
(0 1)
(a s)
1
as
Contoh 4 : f(t) = t.e-at
L[t.e at ]
t.e at .e st dt
t.e
( a s )
dt
1
( a s )t
( a s ) t
[t.e
]0 e
dt
(a s)
0
1
1
( a s )t
( a s ) t
[t.e
]0
[e
]0
(a s)
(a s)
Lim(
t
L[t.e
t
e
at
( a s )t
)0
1
1
( 0 0)
]
(0 1)
(a s)
(a s)
1
(a s ) 2
5.
6.
7.
8.
f(t) = Sin(t)
f(t) = Cos (t)
f(t) = Sin(t+)
f(t) = e-at. Sin(t)
Contoh 9;
df
f (t )
dt
df
df st
L[ ] ( )e dt
dt
dt
0
e st df
0
[e st f ]0 s f .e st dt
0
{0 f (0 ) s.F ( s)}
s.F ( s ) f (0 )
f(0+) artinya harga nol untuk fungsi, jika didekati dari

arah positif
Contoh 10;
f (t ) f (t )dt
L[ f (t )dt e st { f (t )dt}dt
0
st
st
[e f (t )dt ]0 e f (t )dt
s
0
1 st
1
[e { f (t )dt}]0 F ( s )
s
s
1
1
[0 f (t )dt ]0 F ( s )
s
s
1
1
f (t )]0 F ( s )
s
s
F ( s ) f (t )dt ]( 0 )
s
s
f (t )dt ]
(0 )
f (t )dt ]
artinya h arg a int egral
(0 )
dapat ditulis
fungsi
f (0 )
pada 0
f(t)
L(f)
1/s
t2
tn
(n=0, 1,)
ta
(a positive)
at
f(t)
L(f)
cos t
1/s2
sin t
2!/s3
cosh at
10
sinh at
s
s2 2
s2 2
s
s2 a2
11
eat cos t
12
e sin t
n!
s nn!1
s n 1
(a 1)
s a 1
1
sa
at
a
s2 a2
sa
( s a) 2 2
( s a) 2 2
Some useful Laplace transforms

f(t)
( t )
u(t)
t
tn
at
e
sin(at )
cos(at )
sh (at )
ch (at )
F(s)=L[f(t)]
1
1/ s
1/ s2
n! / s ( n 1)
1 /(s a )
2
2
a /(s a )
s /(s 2 a 2 )
2
2
a /(s a )
s /(s 2 a 2 )
Some useful Laplace transforms

f(t)
F(s)=L[f(t)]
e sin(at )
bt
e cos(at )
a /[(s b) 2 a 2 ]
bt
(s b) /[(s b) 2 a 2 ]
(e bt e at ) /( b a ) 1 /(s a )(s b)
ab
(be bt ae at ) /( b a ) s /(s a )(s b)
ab
Laplace Transform Properties

Linear atau Nonlinear?
f1 t
L F1 s
and
f2 t
L F2 s
a1 f 1 t a 2 f 2 t
L a1 F1 s a 2 F2 s
L a1 f1 t a2 f 2 t a1 f1 t a2 f 2 t e st dt
0
a1 f1 t e dt a2 f 2 t e st dt
st
a1 F1 s a2 F2 s
Linear operator
f(t)
F(s)
contoh
Seperti gambar
disamping, muatan awal
kapasitor = 0. Tentukan
persamaan arusnya;
q
V RI
C
1
RI i dt v
C
Transpormasi Laplace
1
RI
i dt v
IS
f 1 0
V
RI S

s
s
C.s
f
(0 ) idt
(t 0, q 0)
I(s)
V
RI ( S )
C.s
s
1
V
I(s) R

C.s
s
V
I(s)
1
s R
C.s
V
I(s)
1
R S
R.C
V
1
I(s)
1
R
S
R.C
Pembalikan transpormasi laplace

1
I(s)
V 1

R
Lihat tabel
t
I (t )
V RC
e
R
1
S
R.C
1
1
S
R.C
Contoh 2
Gambar RL seperti
gambar disamping,
jika saklar s di on-kan
maka tentukan
persamaan arunya
Persamaan rangkaian
di
L
RI V
dt
Transpormasi Laplace
di
L RI V
dt
di
L.
RI V
dt
L sI ( s ) i (0 ) RI ( s )
V
, i (0 ) 0, t 0, i 0)
s
Transpormasi dari cos t
Laplace transform
Definition of function f(t)
f(t)
f(t)=0 for t<0

defined for t>=0
possibly with discontinuities
f(t)<Mexp(t)[exponential order]
s: real or complex
Definition of Laplace transform
Examples
L[( t )] ( t )e st dt 1
0
L[f ( t )] F(s) f ( t )e dt
0
st
L[u ( t )] e st dt
0
1
s
1
L[ tu ( t )] te dt 2
s
0
st
Laplace transform
L[f ( t )] F(s) f ( t )e dt
st
Examples
Dirac
( t )
f(t)
L[( t )] ( t )e st dt 1
f(t)
( t t 0 )
t0
L[( t t 0 )] ( t t 0 )e st dt e st 0
0
Laplace transform
L[f ( t )] F(s) f ( t )e dt
st
Examples
Heaviside
f(t)
u ( t )]
e
L[u ( t )] u ( t )e dt e dt
0
0
e
L[u ( t t 0 )]
f(t)
u ( t t 0 )]
st
st
st
st
t0
t0
s
e st 0
Laplace transform
L[f ( t )] F(s) f ( t )e dt
st
Examples
Ramp
f(t)
r ( t ) at, t 0
t
ate
st
L[r ( t )] ate dt
s
st
a st
a
e dt 2
s
s
0
Linearity
F1 (s) L[f1 ( t )]
Laplace transform properties

c1 , c 2 Cons tan ts
F2 (s) L[f 2 ( t )]
L[c1.f1 ( t ) c 2 .f 2 ( t )]
c1.L[f1 ( t )] c 2 .L[f 2 ( t )]
c1.F1 (s) c 2 .F2 (s)

Translation
L[e at f ( t )] F(s a )
a) if F(s)=L[f(t)]
L[e at f ( t )] [e at f ( t )]e st dt f ( t )e (s a ) t dt F(s a )
Example
s
L[Cos(2 t )] 2
s 4
s 1
s 1
L[e Cos(2 t )]
2
2
(s 1) 4 s 2s 5
t

g(t)
f(t)
Translation
b) if g(t) = f(t-a) for t>a
= 0 for t<a
as
L[g ( t )] e F(s)
L[g ( t )] f ( t a )]e st dt f (u )e s ( u a ) du e as f (u )e su du
Example
g ( t ) ( t 2) 3 , t 2
g ( t ) 0, t 2
3! 6
L[ t ] 4 4
s
s
3
6e 2s
L[g ( t )] 4
s
1 s
L[f (a.t )] F( )
a a
Change of time scale
L[f (a.t )] f (a.t )]e dt f (u )e

0
st
su
a
du 1 s
F( )
a
a a
Example
1
L[Sin ( t )] 2
s 1
1
1
3
L[Sin (3t )]
2
3 s
s2 9
3 1

Derivatives
df
L[f ' ( t )] L[ ] L[f ( t )] s.F(s) f (0 )
dt
L[f ' ( t )] e st f dt e st f ( t )
0
se
st
f ( t )dt sF(s) f (0 )
L[f ' ( t )] s.F(s) f (0 )

Derivatives
df
L[f ' ( t )] L[ ] L[f ( t )] s.F(s) f (0 )
dt
L[f " ( t )] L[f ( t )] s 2 .F(s) s.f (0 ) f ' (0 )

(n )
( n 1)
(1)
L[ f ( t )] s n F(s) s n 1f (0) s n 2 f (0) ..... f (0)

(n )
L[f ( t )] s F(s)
n i
(i 1)
. f ( 0)
i 1
If discontinuity in a
f (a ) f (a )
L[f ' ( t )] s.F(s) f (0) e as [f (a ) f (a )]

Derivatives examples
L[Sin (t )] 2
s 2
s
L[Cos(t )] 2
s 2
d[sin(t )]
1 d[Sin (t )]
Cos(t )
Cos(t )
dt
dt
s
Sin (0 ) s
s
L[Cos(t )] L[Sin (t )]
2
2
2
(s ) s 2
1 d[Cos(t )]
d[Cos(t )]
Sin (t )
Sin (t )
dt
dt
s
Cos(0 )
L[Sin (t )]
L[Cos(t )]
2
(s 2 )
Remarques sur la drivation

Deux cas prvoir
a)
df ( t )
st df ( t )
L[u ( t )
] e
dt
dt
dt
En intgrant par parties
df ( t )
L[u ( t )
] [f ( t )e st ]0 se st f ( t )dt
dt
b)
d[u ( t )f ( t )]
dt
df ( t )
u(t)
dt
L[u ( t )
df ( t )
] sF(s) f (0 )
dt
d[u ( t )f ( t )]
du ( t )
df ( t )
f (t)
u(t )
dt
dt
dt
du ( t )
L[f ( t )
] L[f ( t )( t )] L[f (0 )] f (0 )
dt
Si f(t) et toutes ses drives sont nulles pour t<0, alors on
peut ne pas tenir compte des valeurs initiales
pour tudier le comportement
d[u ( t )f ( t )]
L[
] sF(s)
dt

Integral
t
F(s) L[f ( t )]
g ( t ) f (u )du ]
0
g( t ) f ( t )
L[g ( t )] sL[g ( t )] g (0 ) F(s)

t
F(s)
L[ f (u )du ]
s

Multiplication by t
dF(s)
d
F ' (s) [ e st f ( t )dt
ds
ds
Leibnitzs rule
dF(s)
ds
st
[e f ( t )dt ] e st [ tf ( t )]dt L[ tf ( t )]
s
L[ tf ( t )] F ' (s)
More general
n
d
F(s)
n
n
L[ t f ( t )] (1)
ds

Division by t
f (t)
g( t )
t
f ( t ) tg ( t )
dL[g ( t )]
dG (s)
L[f ( t )]
F(s)
ds
ds
s
G (s) f (u )du f (u )du
L[
f (t)
] f (u )du
t

Periodic function
t, k
f ( t kT) f ( t )
2T
3T
2T
L[f ( t )] F(s) e st f ( t )dt e st f ( t )dt e st f ( t )dt.......

T
L[f ( t )] F(s) e st f ( t )dt e s ( u T ) f (u T)du e s ( u 2 T ) f (u 2T)du.......

T
L[f ( t )] F(s) e st f ( t )dt e sT e su f (u )du e 2sT e su f (u )du.......
n 0
L[f ( t )] F(s) e nsT [ e st f ( t )dt ]

T
nsT
e
n 0
1 e sT
L[f ( t )] F(s)
st
f
(
t
)
e
dt
1 e sT
Hint
nsT
n 0
1 e sT
n 1
1
p
sn pq
1 p
q 0
n
s n 1 p p 2 p 3 p 4 ...........p n
ps n p p 2 p 3 p 4 ...........p n p n 1
s n (1 p) 1 p n 1
n 1
1 p
sn p
1 p
q 0
n
p 1
1
s p
1 p
q 0
q

Sine and cosine are periodic functions
e jt Cos(t ) jSin (t )
L[e jt ] L[Cos(t )] jL[Sin (t )] e jt e st dt e ( js ) t dt

T
L[e jt ]
T
e
0
( j s ) t
1
dt
e ( j s ) t
j s
T
0
( js ) t
e
dt
1 e sT
1
1
jT sT
[e e 1]
[e sT 1]
j s
j s
1
s j
s j
L[e ]
2
s j (s j)(s j) s 2
j t

Example
f(t)
1
t
0
-1
1 s
F(s) th ( )
s
2

Periodic function
T
st
st
st
f
(
t
)
e
dt
e
dt
dt
T
st
f
(
t
)
e
dt [
1 st
e
s
1 st
e s 1 e s (e s 1) (1 e s ) 2
e ]
s
s
s
1
(1 e s ) 2
(1 e s )(1 e s )
(1 e s )
F(s)
2s
s
s
s(1 e ) s(1 e )(1 e ) s(1 e s )
F(s)
s
2
s
2
s
2
e (e e )
s
2
s
2
s
2
se (e e )
1 s
th ( )
s
2

Example
1
t
0
1
e s
F(s) 2
s s(1 e s )

te
0 te dt s
1
st
st
e
1 st
e
e dt
2
s
s
s
0 0
st
e s e s 1 e s 1
s
te
dt
(
1
e
)
2
2
2
0
s
s
s
s
s
1
st
F(s)
st
te
dt
0
1 e s
1
e s
2
s s(1 e s )

Limit behaviour
Initial value
L[f ( t )] sF(s) f (0 )
Exponential order
Lim[ e
st
f ( t )dt ] 0
s
Lim[sF(s)] f (0 )
Lim[f ( t )] f (0 )
t0
Lim[f ( t )]{t 0} lim[sF(s)]{s }

Limit behaviour
Final value
Lim[s 0] e
0
st
L[f ( t )] sF(s) f (0 )
f ( t )dt f ( t )dt lim[p ][f (p) f (0 )]

0
Lim[f ( t )]{t } lim[sF(s)]{s 0}
Laplace transform applications

RC circuit
Equation describing the circuit
R
e0.(t)
Laplace transform
dv
e( t ) RC v( t )
dt
v(0) 0
v(t)
E (s) RCsV (s) V(s) V(s)[1 RCs ]
E(s)
V(s)
1 RCs
E (s)
V(s)
1 RCs

Impulse function
e ( t ) e 0 ( t )
e0
V(s)
1 RCs
E (s) e 0
Impulse response
e0
V(s)
1 RC
(s
)
RC
t
CR
se 0
sV (s)
(RCs 1)
e0
RC
e 0 CR
v( t )
e
RC
RC
s0

E(s)
V(s)
1 RCs
Step function
e0
E (s)
s
e( t ) e 0 u ( t )
e0
e0
V(s)
s (s 1 )
RC
v( t ) e 0 e 0 e
t
CR
e 0 [1 e
e0
V(s)
s(1 RCs)
t
cr
e0
t
CR
v( t ) e 0 [1 e ]
0,63e 0
RC

Step function and initial conditions v(0) 0
E (s) RC[sV(s) v(0)] V(s) V(s)[1 RCs] RCv(0)
e0
RCv(0)
V(s)
s(1 RCs ) 1 RCs

e 0 v(0) e 0
V(s)
s (s 1 )
RC
v( t ) e 0 [ v(0) e 0 ]e
v( t ) e 0 [ v(0) e 0 ]e
e0
v(0)
t
CR
RCs[ v(0) e 0 ]
sV (s) e 0
RCs 1
t
cr
E(s)
V(s)
1 RCs

Ramp function
1
E(s) 2
s
e( t ) r ( t ) t
1 RC
RC
V(s) 2
1
s
s
(s
)
RC
1
V(s) 2
s (1 RCs )
v( t )
t CR
v( t ) t RC RCe
t
dv
1 e CR
dt
t
CR
RC
1
(RC) 2 s
sV (s) RC
s
(RCs 1)
e( t ) E 0 u ( t a )
E0
(Heaviside)
E 0e
E(s)
s
as
E(s)
v0
V (s)
1
1
RC(s
) s
RC
RC
E 0 e as
v0
V (s)
1
1
sRC(s
) s
RC
RC
v0
1
1
V(s) E 0 e as [
]
1
s s 1
s
RC
RC
v( t ) u ( t a )E 0 [1 e
t a
cr
] v0e
t
cr

v( t ) u ( t a )E 0 [1 e
v( t ) v 0 e
ta
ta
t a
cr
t a
cr
] v0e
t
cr
t
cr
t
cr
v( t ) E 0 [1 e
] v 0e
E0
v0
a

E 0 e as
sv 0
sV (s)
1
1
RC(s
) s
RC
RC
Limits
Initial value
sV (s) v 0 v(0)
Final value
s0
sV (s) E 0 v()

Harmonic analysis
e(t)
E(s)
R
C
e( t ) e 0 sin(t )
v(t)
V(s)
V (s)
E (s)
1
RC(s
)
RC
E (s) e 0 2
s 2
A
Bs C
V(s) ae 0 (
2
)
2
sa s
V(s)
ae 0
1
a
s
(
)
2
2
2
2
2
2
a sa s s
aE (s)
1
,a
sa
RC
ae 0
V (s)
(s a )(s 2 2 )
1
A 2
a 2
1
B 2
a 2
a
C 2
a 2

ae 0
1
a
s
V(s) 2
(
2
2
)
2
2
2
a sa s s
t
ae
1
v( t ) 2 0 2 [e CR
sin(t ) cos(t )]
a
RC
tg () RC
Cos()
1
1 (RC) 2
v( t ) e 0 Cos()[sin(t ) sin()e
Forced
t
CR
Transient

3 Laplace1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

3 Laplace1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ditemukan oleh Piere Simon Maequis de

Laplace tahun (1747-1827) seorang ahli

Hasil TL dari f(t) di beri nama F(s)

Inverse Transformasi Laplace

variable t tersirat untuk L

Contoh: Transpormasi Laplace

Dibantu dengan formula integral partsiel yaitu

Contoh 3 f(t) = e-at

Contoh 4 : f(t) = t.e-at

f(0+) artinya harga nol untuk fungsi, jika didekati dari

artinya h arg a int egral

Some useful Laplace transforms

Some useful Laplace transforms

(be bt ae at ) /( b a ) s /(s a )(s b)

Laplace Transform Properties

Pembalikan transpormasi laplace

Transpormasi dari cos t

f(t)=0 for t<0

Laplace transform properties

Laplace transform properties

L[e at f ( t )] [e at f ( t )]e st dt f ( t )e (s a ) t dt F(s a )

Laplace transform properties

Laplace transform properties

Change of time scale

L[f (a.t )] f (a.t )]e dt f (u )e

Laplace transform properties

L[f ' ( t )] s.F(s) f (0 )

Laplace transform properties

L[f " ( t )] L[f ( t )] s 2 .F(s) s.f (0 ) f ' (0 )

L[ f ( t )] s n F(s) s n 1f (0) s n 2 f (0) ..... f (0)

L[f ' ( t )] s.F(s) f (0) e as [f (a ) f (a )]

Laplace transform properties

Remarques sur la drivation

En intgrant par parties

Laplace transform properties

L[g ( t )] sL[g ( t )] g (0 ) F(s)

Laplace transform properties

Laplace transform properties

G (s) f (u )du f (u )du

Laplace transform properties

L[f ( t )] F(s) e st f ( t )dt e st f ( t )dt e st f ( t )dt.......

L[f ( t )] F(s) e st f ( t )dt e s ( u T ) f (u T)du e s ( u 2 T ) f (u 2T)du.......

L[f ( t )] F(s) e st f ( t )dt e sT e su f (u )du e 2sT e su f (u )du.......

L[f ( t )] F(s) e nsT [ e st f ( t )dt ]

Laplace transform properties

L[e jt ] L[Cos(t )] jL[Sin (t )] e jt e st dt e ( js ) t dt

Laplace transform properties

Laplace transform properties

Laplace transform properties

Laplace transform properties

Laplace transform properties

Lim[f ( t )]{t 0} lim[sF(s)]{s }

Laplace transform properties

f ( t )dt f ( t )dt lim[p ][f (p) f (0 )]

Lim[f ( t )]{t } lim[sF(s)]{s 0}

Laplace transform applications

Equation describing the circuit

E (s) RCsV (s) V(s) V(s)[1 RCs ]

Laplace transform applications

Laplace transform applications

Laplace transform applications

s(1 RCs ) 1 RCs

Laplace transform applications