,

60 -70 -

" " M.A. "

:
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2001

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Abstract
So far, few critical texts have been written on Israeli anthropology. The history of the
discipline has been narrated mainly by those who created it and has been at the same time heroic
and apologetic. This study looks at the critical time of the institutionalization of Israeli
anthropology and aims at understanding the ethnographies as part of the various structures of
power within which these studies took place colonial, national, institutional and paradigmatic.
Nevertheless, it does not wish to reduce anthropology to the mere expression of power relations
and deals directly with the anthropological-scientific method as a productive and
counterproductive force.
It examines the main body of Israeli anthropological texts of the sixties and seventies. These
were written by Ashkenazi (mainly Eastern and Central European Jews) researchers about
Mizrahi (mainly Eastern and Western Mediterranean) Jews during the years that followed the
massive Jewish (Ashkenazi as well as Mizrahi) immigration to Israel. It analyzes the
ethnographies of three dominant figures in the Israeli anthropology to come - Emanuel Marx,
Moshe Shokeid and Shlomo Deshen. As well, it analyzes the texts of a fourth anthropologist who
deviated from the mainstream discourse in meaningful ways - Alex Weingrod - and was actually
absent from the institutions of the Israeli anthropology during the years of its institutionalization.
By that deviation, he shed light on the borders of the mainstream discourse.
First, it is claimed that despite the criticisms, that had already existed within the field of
anthropology, of the traditional-modern dichotomy, the Israeli anthropologists failed to find a way
out of it. Using anthropological tools, they not only reproduced the dichotomy but also deepened
it. Secondly, three modes of legitimacy that the anthropologists used in order to enhance their
status as Western scientists are discussed. Thirdly, the institutionalization efforts of the
anthropologists are interpreted in the context of the Israeli society and of the changing
international scene in anthropology. Finally, the research proposes an analysis of the ways in
which the anthropological-scientific method simultaneously acted as a producer of knowledge as
well as an obstacle to the understanding of the Mizrahi experience in Israel.

1.1

1.2

10

1.2.1

11

1.2.2

12

1.2.3

12

1.2.4

13

1.2.5

14

1.2.6

15

1.3

17

19

2.1

19

2.2

22

2.3

26

2.3.1

"" " "

26

2.3.2

27

2.3.3

""

33

2.3.4

36

2.3.5

38

2.3.6

41

2.3.7

43

2.3.8

47

2.3.9

51

2.3.10

56

2.4

63

66

3.1

68

70

3.1.1

3.2

3.1.2

70

3.1.3

71

3.1.4

" "

72

3.1.5

74

3.1.6

75

3.3

81

3.3.1

81

3.3.2

82

3.3.3

83

3.3.4

84
88

3.4

90

4.1

92

4.1.1

93

4.1.2

95

" 4.2" "-"

75

97

4.2.1

99

4.2.2

100

4.2.3

103

4.2.4

106

4.2.5

108

4.3 ?

111

4.4

115

116

121



. 60 - 70 -
)(

)Maquet 1964 ; Berreman 1968 ; Gjessing 1968 ; Gough 1968 ; Asad 1973 ,
.(; Hymes 1974 ) Van Teeffelen -
1977 ; 1978 ; Said 1978 ; Kuper 1988 ; Sweedenburg 1989 ; Dominguez 1989 ; Kuklick 1991 ; Okley
; & Callaway (eds.) 1992 ; Schumaker 1996 ; 1992- .(1997
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