Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

CHNG 3

TNH TON V THIT K TUYN TRUYN DN

QUANG CHO TUYN NNG I NG HI
3.1 Gii thiu chng
Trong chng ny s trnh by v thit k v tnh ton cho tuyn truyn dn
quang cho tuyn Nng - ng Hi. C th l trnh by tng quan v thit k tuyn
nh d tr cng sut cho tuyn, d tr thi gian cho tuyn v thit k da vo t
s tn hiu trn nhiu quang OSNR v h s phm cht Q , BER ti u vo my thu.
T , n tin hnh ng dng tnh ton cho tuyn thnh ph Nng i thnh ph
ng Hi (Qung Bnh) vi c ly 260 km.
3.2 Tng quan
Trong nhng nm va qua, cc h thng thng tin si quang c s dng
rng ri trn phm vi ton th gii trong ngnh vin thng v truyn d liu. Vic thit
k tuyn thng tin si quang nhm tha mn nhng yu cu ra ngy cng tr thnh
vn quan trng. Vi xu th s ho, ngy cng nhiu tuyn thng tin si quang truyn
dn thng tin s c thit k v lp t trong thc tin.
Mt trong nhng ng lc thc y h thng thng tin si quang pht trin l
vic ng dng n trong cc h thng thng tin im - im. Cu hnh im - im c
hiu l tuyn si quang ni trc tip gia phn pht v phn thu khng c nhng trm
s dng trung gian. Trong nhng h thng c khong cch ln, tn hao cng sut trn
tuyn qu nhiu lm cng sut tn hiu n my thu nh hn gi tr cho php th ngi
ta phi lp t thm cc b khuch i quang trn ng truyn. Nhiu ng dng tiu
biu nh truyn hnh nh phn gii cao, pht trin mng my tnh tc cao v
mng s a dch v bng rng B-ISDN yu cu tc truyn d liu hng ngn Gbit/s.
Nhng mng thng thng trc y khng c kh nng cung cp bng thng rng

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

cho nhng ng dng nh th, trong khi mng quang c th tha mn cc yu cu

trn nh bng thng cc rng ca n.
Mt tuyn truyn dn im - im n gin nht gm c phn pht t u
ny ca si quang v my thu t u kia. di tuyn c th nh hn 1km hoc c
th hng ngn km tu thuc vo yu cu s dng. Tuyn y c th l ng truyn
d liu s ni gia my tnh vi cc thit b u cui trong mt to nh, hoc l gia
cc to nh khc nhau. Tuyn cng c th l h thng cp si quang di bin ni lin
cc chu lc vi khong cch hng ngn km. Trong nhng ng dng ny, suy hao cng
sut nh trn si quang v bng thng rng ca n l cc c tnh cc k quan trng.
Ngoi ra n cn c nhng c tnh u vit khc nh khng b nh hng bi trng
in t, khi lng nh, ng knh b...Vic thit k tuyn nh th khng phi l n
gin v n lin quan n nhiu yu t nh hng ln nhau nh gia cc c tnh ca
si quang, ngun pht v my thu. Thng thng, kh c th ng thi tha mn nhiu
yu cu t ra, chng hn cht lng phi tt nht m h thng c gi thnh thp, nn
phng n c chn thng dung ho c cc yu t kinh t k thut ra ban u.
3.3 Cc yu cu trong vic thit k
Vic thit k mt tuyn thng tin cht lung cao lin quan n vic tnh ton
hng lot cc thng s ca mi thit b da vo cc yu cu hot ng ca h thng. Do
, vic phn tch thit k tuyn c th uc lp li nhiu ln cho n khi n tho mn
hon ton cc yu cu t ra. V yu cu k thut v gi thnh tuyn l cc yu t rt
quan trng nn ngi thit k cn chn la k vt t, thit b, cc thnh phn khc sao
cho chng tho mn c tnh k thut v m bo thi gian hot ng lu di ca
tuyn.
V mt k thut, khi thit k tuyn, c cc yu cu chnh cn phi t c l:
-

Tc d liu hoc bng thng knh truyn

T l li bt BER

Khong cch khuch i lp

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

Gi thnh, tin cy, kh nng m rng v cc yu t khc.

t c nhng yu cu ny, ngi thit k h thng phi la chn thng s

ca cc thit b mt cch hp l. c tnh ca chng cn c xem xt tnh ton c th
c lp li cho n khi tha mn cc yu cu t ra trn c s dung ho c tnh cc
thit b c sn trn th trng v cc thit b c c tnh l tng trong tnh ton, gia
thng s khng l tng ca thit b v thng s l tng trong tnh ton ca h thng.
Cc thng s sau y lin quan n la chn cc thit b:
+ Ngun quang:
- Bc sng pht
- Cng sut ra
- rng ng ph
- Thi gian p ng
- Mu pht
- tin cy
- Cu trc pht x cnh hay pht x mt
- Tui th
- Mch phn cc v iu ch
+ Si quang:
- Si quang a mode hay n mode
- Kch tht li
- Chit sut li: chit sut phn cc SI hay thay i GI
- Suy hao si
- Tn sc si
- Khu s
- c im ca cp: lc ko, kh nng chng nh hng ca mi trng, kh
nng lp t...

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

+ My thu quang:
Vic phn tch qu cng sut nhm xc nh cng sut d tr cn thit gia u
ra my pht v nhy ca my thu h thng tho mn t s BER cho trc. D tr
ny c t ra cho cc b ni quang, mi hn, suy hao si v d phng cho s gi ho
xung cp ca thit b v s thay i ca nhit . Nu cc thnh phn ca h thng
c la chn khng m bo cho c li truyn dn th cn thay i chng hoc lp t
thm trm lp hoc khuch i quang. Sau khi qu cng sut c xc nh th
ngi thit k phn tch qu thi gian ln ca h thng m bo tnh k thut ca
tuyn.
C th ni qu cng sut lin quan n khong cch truyn dn v qu thi gian
ln lin quan n tc bt ca h thng.
3.4 d tr cng sut (qu cng sut) ca tuyn (Marg)
Mi lin h gia cc cng sut ngun pht PTx cng sut tn hiu n my thu
PRx v cng sut tn hao ton tuyn PLoss c biu din theo cng thc:
PRX = PTX - PLoss

(3.1)

Gi PSEN l nhy ca my thu: l cng sut nh nht yu c u ta i may thu

n lm vic bnh thng , nghia l tho mn t l l i bit BER cho trc , tng ng vi
t c bit nh t inh
( i vi tin hi u truy n dn la tin
hi u s ) .
Khong chnh lch:

M arg PRX PSEN

(3.2)

M arg PRX PSEN c gi l d tr cng sut (hay con go i la quy cng su t ) ca

tuyn. d tr ca tuyn (hay cn gi l d tr cho tn hao hoc d tr ca h

thng) l mt lng cng sut d phng bo m tnh an ton cho hot ng ca h
thng. N c biu din trong n v dB v dng b cho cc yu t gy tn hao
khng tnh ton ht c, chng hn cng sut ngun pht b gim theo thi gian, cc
thnh phn khc trong tuyn b gi ci, thay i nhit , tn hao trong cc b ni, b

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

chia trong thc t lp rp cao hn trong thit k hoc tn hao trong si tng ln sau cc
ln h hng, sa cha.
Theo khuyn ngh ITU-T G.957, d tr cho php nm trong khong 3dB n
5dB. Tuy nhin, trong thc t, tu theo yu cu k thut v gi thnh ca tng h
thng, ngi thit k c th chn d tr trong mt di rng hn, t 3dB n 10dB.
Nhn chung Marg cng ln th tuyn cng m bo cht lng tn hiu truyn
dn. Tuy nhin, iu ny lin quan n gi thnh thit b. Trong thc t ngi ta
thng chn gii php dung ho cho yu cu v cht lng tn hiu truyn dn v kinh
ph lp t tuyn.
Dy nhay quang
qqqqquang

.k m i han

Dy nhay quang

cn

My
Pht
(TX)

My
Thu
(RX)

f
Gi phn phi cp

Gi phn ph i cap

Hnh 3.1 S kh i tuy n truy n dn s i quang i m - i m

Mt tuyn thng tin si quang im - im in hnh c khong cch truyn dn
L, gm my pht TX, my thu RX, n b ni, k mi hn. c m t nh hnh v trn:
Lc tng tn hao trn tuyn c biu din theo phng trnh sau:
PLOSS f L cn n sp k

(3.3)

Trong : f , cn , sp : ln lt l suy hao ca 1 km si, ca mt b ni v mt mi

hn.

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

Vy my thu lm vic bnh thng ta cn chn d tr cng sut Marg , lc

biu thc (3.3) c biu din nh sau:
PRX = PTX PLOSS = PTX ( f L cn n sp k ) = PSEN + Marg

(3.4)

Trong :
PTX l cng sut pht [mW]
Ploss Cng sut tn hao ton tuyn
PRX Cng sut ngun thu
Psen Cng sut nh nht yu cu ti my thu
, cap : H s suy hao cp v d phng cho cp [dB/km]

L: Khong cch gia pha pht v thu [km]

n, k: S connector v s mi hn
i vi tuyn c c li truyn dn ln s dng m b khuch i quang c
khuch i Gi th cng sut pht vo ca u vo my thu c biu din nh sau :
m

PRX PTX Gi Ploss

(3.5)

i 1

3.5 d tr thi gian ln cua tuy n

Tn sc ca tuyn xc nh tc bt gii hn hoc bng thng c th s dng
c va no lin quan n d tr thi gian ln ca tuyn.
Gi t sys l thi gian ln ca h thng v trMAX l thi gian ln cho php. Lng
chnh lch v thi gian: t t rMAX t sys gi l d tr thi gian ln. Vic thit k tuyn
theo d tr thi gian ln bo m cho tuyn tho mn iu kin v gii hn tn sc
khi truyn dn tn hiu s c tc bt cao. Nh vy, sau khi tuyn c tnh ton
thit k tho mn v d tr cng sut th cn tnh ton cho n tha mn d tr
thi gian ln bo m cht lng tn hiu truyn dn trn tuyn.
3.5.1 Thi gian ln ca tuy n
Thi gian ln ca h thng t sys c xc nh theo biu thc:

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

2
2
2
tsys tTX2 tmod
tCD
tPMD
tRX2

(3.6)

Trong : tTX: Thi gian ln ca my pht, tmod: thi gian ln tn sc mode ca

si a mode, tCD: thi gian ln tn sc mu ca si, tPMD: thi gian ln tn sc mode
phn cc ca si v tRX: Thi gian ln ca my thu. Khi s dng si n mode th
tmod=0. Trong n ny ta s dng si n mode, nn tmod = 0. Vy ch cn li 4 thnh
2
2
phn: ttx2 , tCD
, tPMD
v t 2RX trong biu thc (3.6).

Thi gian ln ca my pht ph thuc vo tc p ng ca ngun sng vo

dng in iu khin va c cho trong bang c tinh ky thu t cua may phat

. Thng

thng, ngi ta chn tTX = 2ns i vi LED v tTX = 0,1ns i vi Laser Diode.
+ Thi gian ln tn sc mode: tmod
Thi gian ln tn sc mode c biu din theo biu thc:
tmod e

440 440 Lq

BM
B0

(3.7)

Trong , tmod c tnh theo n v [ns]; BM [MHz]: l bng thng ca tuyn c di

L; Bo l bng tn ca 1km cp si quang; q l tham s nm trong khong t 0,5 n 1.
+ Thi gian ln tn sc mu ca si: tCD
Thi gian ln tCD ca si to ra do tn sc mu c xc nh nh sau:
tCD D L

(3.8)

Trong : D l tn sc ca si, L l khong cch truyn dn v l rng ng

ca Laser
Trong thc t, tuyn thng c cu to t nhiu loi si c tn sc khc nhau
nn D thng c chn l gi tr trung bnh.
+ Thi gian ln tn sc mode phn cc: tPMD
Thi gian ln tn sc mode phn cc c xc nh nh sau:
t PMD DPMD L

(3.9)

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

DPMD tn sc mode phn cc [ t PMD ps / km ]

+ Thi gian ln ca my thu: tRX
Thi gian ln ca my thu ph thuc vo tc p ng ca b tch quang v
bng thng in 3dB (BRX ca my thu). l khong thi gian tng ng vi s tng
bin tn hiu u ra b tch quang t 10% n 90%, c biu din bi biu thc
sau:
t RX

350
BRX

vi tRX [ns] v BRX [MHz]

(3.10)

Vy thi gian ln tng ca tuyn l

2

tsys

2
440 Lq
ttx2
D L Dp L
B0

350

BRX

(3.11)

Trong biu thc tng ny th thi gian tnh bng n v [ns]; rng ng ca
laser [nm]; D[ns/nm.km]; L[km]; BRX[MHz].
3.5.2 Thi gian ln cho php (trMAX)
Vin

Vout

V0

Vin

0,9V0

Vout
t

a) S mch

b) Dng sng vo

0,1V0

t1 t2
c) Dng sng ra

Hnh 3.2 Dng sng vo ra ca b lc thng thp

Ta c th gi thuyt rng tn hiu i qua si quang xem nh mt h thng tuyn
tnh mt b lc thng thp RC. Khi thi gian ln Tr ca h thng c nh nghia l
khong thi gian m bin ca xung tng t 10% n 90% gi tr cc i ca n. Xt
p ng ca mt b lc thng thp RC vi xung vo l xung vung nh hnh v:
Gi s xung vo l xung vung c biu din nh biu thc:

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

Vin =V0.1(t)

(3.12)

Suy ra in p ra c biu din:

Vout (t) = V0 .(1 - exp(-t/RC))

(3.13)

Do thi gian ca h thng Tr (thi gian tng t 10% n 90% gi tr cc i

ca xung) c tnh nh sau:
Tr= t(V0,9)- t(V0,1)= t2 - t1 = ln(9)RC=2,2.RC

(3.14)

Mt khc, hm truyn t ca mch lc thng thp RC:

H( f )

1
1 j 2fRC

Do vy bng thng 3dB ca mch BW bng: BW=

(3.15)
1
2 RC

tn hiu thu c khng b mo th bng thng ti thiu ca b lc phi bng bng

thng ca tn hiu. Do suy ra:
Tr

1
0,35

2BW
BW

(3.16)

+ nh l Nyquyst:
truyn c cc k hiu c tc RS qua mt knh truyn m khng b
nhiu giao thoa k hiu th knh truyn cn mt rng bng tn l BW

RS
.
2

i vi m NRZ th tc bt Rb bng tc k hiu RS , do bng thng

knh truyn trong trng hp truyn m NRZ c biu th theo biu thc:
BW

Rb
2

(3.17)

i vi m RZ th tc bt Rb bng tc k hiu RS , do bng thng

knh truyn trong trng hp truyn m RZ c xc nh nh sau:
BW Rb

(3.18)

Suy ra thi gian ln cc i cho php ca h thng c biu din nh sau:

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

i vi tn hiu NRZ: Tr
i vi tn hiu RZ:

1
0,7
0,7

TrMAX
2BW
Rb
Rb

Tr

(3.19)

1
0,35
0,35

TrMAX
2BW
Rb
Rb

m bo thu c tn hiu th thi gian ln ca tuyn tsys phi b hn thi

gian ln cho php TrMAX c tnh trn.
t sys TrMAX

(3.20)

d tr t TrMAX t sys ny cng ln cng tt. Ta thy TrMAX t l nghch vi

tc bt, do khi tc bt qu ln, TrMAX nh khng t yu cu d tr thi
gian ln, ngi ta c th dng phng php ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng
gim tc bt trong tng knh.
3.6 Thit k h thng da vo h s Q v OSNR
3.6.1 Quan h gia Q, BER v OSNR
Yu cu ca tuyn c thit k l phi m bo t l li bit BER cho trc. V
BER l mt hm ca h s phm cht Q v t s tn hiu trn nhiu OSNR, nn tuyn
phi bo m Q v OSNR ti cui tuyn ln hn gi tr cho php.
+ H s phm cht Q c nh nghia nh sau:
Q

I1 I 0
1 0

(3.21)

I 1 , I 0 : Bin dng in ca bt 1 v bt 0
1 , 0 : lch chun (nhiu) tng ng vi bt 1 v bit 0

+ T s li BER c xc nh nh sau:
BER=P 0 P 1/ 0 P 1 P 0 /1

(3.22)

Vi P(0) v P(1) biu th xc sut "0" v "1" c pht tng ng. P(1/0) th
hin xc sut c iu kin i vi mch quyt nh pht hin nhm k t "1" khi "0"
c pht ra t pha pht v P(0/1) biu th xc sut c iu kin i vi mch quyt

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

nh in pht hin nhm k t "0" v "1" c gi ti. Trong trng hp s cc bt N

trong chui tn hiu ln vic truyn dn "0" v "1" c coi l ngang nhau, tc l
P(0) P(1) 0,5. Khi biu thc (3.22) c vit thnh:
BER=

P 1/0 P 0 /1

(3.23)

Trong biu thc (3.23), la chn ngng BER c gi tr nh nht. Cc xc sut

li c iu kin P(1/0) v P(0/1) c xc nh:
P 1/ 0

P 0 /1

ID

I-I 0 2
exp 2 02

I-I1 2
exp - 2 12
2

ID

I I0
1
exp D
dl

0 2

I I0
1
dl exp 1
2

1 2

(3.24)

(3.25)

I1, I0: Bin dng in ca bt 1 v 0.

1 , 0 : lch chun tng ng vi bt 1 v 0

Thay cc cng thc (3.24) v (3.25) vo (3.23) ta c:

BER=

I I0 1
I1 I D
1
erfc D
erfc

4
1 2
0 2
4

(3.26)

Nh vy, t cng thc (3.26) ta thy BER ph thuc vo mc quyt nh ID v

c th vit:
Q1

I1 I D

v Q1

I D I0

(3.27)

Mi quan h gia Q v BER c biu din theo hm sai s b theo biu thc:
BER

1
Q
erfc ( )
2
2

(3.28)

Vic xc nh BER trong thc t i hi phi tin hnh trong mt khong thi
gian nht nh. Chng hn, trong tuyn truyn dn tc 155Mbit/s, yu cu
BER 10 -12 , th vic xc nh BER cn tin hnh trong 10 ngy s c kt qu gn

ng. Sau 1000 ngy th c th xc nh c gi tr n nh ca BER.

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

OSNR l thng s quan trng nht nh gi cht lng ca tn hiu quang v

c xc nh da vo cc thng s khc.
Mi quan h gia OSNR v Q c xc nh theo biu thc:
Q 20 log OSNR

BO
B
{10 log OSNR} O
BC
BC

(3.29)

BO , BC : ln lt l bng thng quang ca b tch sng quang (photodiode) v

bng thng in ca b lc my thu.

Mi quan h c biu din trong n v dB nh sau:
QdB OSNRdB 10 log

BO
BC

(3.30)

Suy ra Q t l thun vi OSNR. Thng thng nhiu c tnh ton nh my

phn tch quang ph OSA v cc my hin sng ly mu. Vic o t ny c tin
hnh trong mt di bng tn Bm, thng c chn khong 0.1nm (12.5GHz).
T cng thc (3.30) ta thy khi BO BC th OSNR > Q. Trong thc t thit k,
OSNR ln hn Q t 1dB n 2dB. Tiu biu, khi thit k h thng tc cao, d
tr ti my thu thng c chn khong 2dB, lc Q nh hn OSNR t nht l 2dB.
Hnh 3.3 biu din mi quan h gia BER v h s phm cht Q c v theo
biu thc (3.28).

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

-2
-3
-4

LOG(BER)

-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

Q 0.99781 forPc 109

-11
-12
1

Hnh 3.3 Quan h gia BER v h s phm cht Q

3.6.2 Quan h gia BER v eSNR
Theo nh nghia eSNR b thu quang c th c vit di dng t s gia
cng sut tn hiu nh vi cng sut nhiu hiu dng:
eSNR =

I12

(3.31)

T cng thc (3.26) th cc gi tr 0 1 , I D

I1 I 0
v
2

I 0 0 vo th ta c cng thc:
BER =

1
I
erfc 1
2
2 2

(3.32)

T (3.31) v (3.32) ta c th biu din t s li bt BER theo t s nhiu in eSNR

BER =

eSNR
1
erfc

2
2 2

(3.33)

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

eSNR=4Q2

Suy ra:

(3.34)

3.7 xut thi cng tuyn cp quang

Bn tuyn
Nng ng Hi

Hnh 3.4 S tuyn Nng - ng Hi

3.8 Tnh ton tuyn Nng - ng Hi
Vic tnh ton da trn nhng thng s c th ca cc thit b c trong tuyn,
cc thng s ny c cho bi nh sn xut.
Yu cu c th ca tuyn nh sau:
Tuyn cp quang Nng - ng Hi
+ L = 260km
+ Tc bit : Rb = 2,5 Gb/s
+ M s dng l m NRZ
+ S conector (mi ni): n = 10

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

+ S Slice (mi hn): k = 65

BER cho php nh hn 10-11 v s dng 2 b khuych i quang
3.8.1 Chn bc sng lm vic ca tuyn.
Chn bc sng lm vic ca tuyn c lin quan n rt nhiu tham s khc ca
tuyn. C ba vng ca s c th la chn khi thit k l 850nm, 1300nm, 1550nm.
Nghin cu v cp quang cho thy rng, cp quang c c tnh tt hn
vng bc sng di. Khi tn hao truyn dn v tn sc l cc nhn t quyt nh xc
nh c chiu di ca tuyn.
Bc sng ngn thng dng s dng nhng h thng thng tin hot ng
vi tc thp. Trong vng bc sng di, cc h thng hat ng bc sng
1550nm cho mc suy hao thp nhng li c mc tn x ln hn 1300nm. tuyn trn
do chiu di ca tuyn l 260 km nn ta cho bc sng lm vic ca tuyn l 1550nm
c mc suy hao thp.
3.8.2 Chn loi si quang
Theo s trnh by phn l thuyt si quang c phn thnh 3 loi: n mode,
a mode ch s bc, a mode ch s lp. Loi si n mode c c tnh tn hao v tn
s rt tt cho nn loi ny c s dng ph bin cho ng di, dung lng truyn
dn cao i hi bng thng rng v tn hao thp.
Loi si quang ca tuyn c chn l: si quang n mode c tng suy hao
0,2dB/km v h s tn sc D=17ps/nm.km.
3.8.3 Thit b pht quang
Bng 3.1 Mt s tham s in hnh ca thit b pht quang
Thng s
Bc sng lm vic
Di sng lm vic
Cng sut ra

K hiu

min max
PTX

Gi tr in hnh
1300nm hoc 1500nm
50 nm
LED: (-25 -10)dBm
LD: (-10 7)dBm

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

Thi gian ln

tTX

rng ph

Drp

LED < 3 ns
LD < 1 ns
LED (30100)nm
LD (1 2)nm

3.8.4 Thit b thu quang

Cc thng s ca Photodiode PIN:
Thng s

K hiu

n v

Si

Ge

InGaAs

Di bc sng

Nm

400-1100

800-1650

1100-1700

H s chuyn i
quang-in

A/W

0,4-0,6

0,4-0,5

0,75-0,95

Dng ti

ID

nA

1-10

50-500

0,5-2

Thi gian ln

tr

Ns

0,5-1

0,1-0,5

0,05-0,5

Bng thng

BW

GHz

0,3-0,7

0,5-3

1-2

in p phn cc

VB

5-10

Chn cc thng s trong tnh ton thit k

R=

e
= 0,95A/W
hv

RL = 50
ID = 2nA
Be = 2,5GHz
Cc hng s:
K: l hng s Boltzmann, K = 1,38.10-23 J/K,
h: l hng s Planck h = 6,626.10-34 Js,
c: tc nh sng c = 3.108 m/s,
q: l in tch ca in t q = 1,6.10-19 C
Chn thit b thu quang tha mn cc yu cu sau:

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

+ nhy cao vi bc sng lm vic ca tuyn.

+ Hiu sut lng t ln
+ c tnh nhiu phi thp
+ Hot ng n nh vi s thay i ca mi trng
Vic chn thit b thu ng vi mt t l li bit BER cho trc l mt cng on
quan trng, bi l nhy tnh c ta s c cng sut pht ti u v nh vy s lm
cho tuyn hot ng n nh.
3.8.5 Tnh ton tn hao trn ng truyn
Loi tn hao

n v

S lng

Tng

0,2dB/km

260km

52dB

Tn hao mi hn

0,2dB

65

13dB

Tn hao mi ni
connecter

0,5dB

10

5dB

Tn hao si

D phng

4dB

4dB
Ploss =74dB

3.8.6 Da vo BER cho trc xc nh Q suy ra eSNR

Theo nh cng thc (3.28) v (3.33) th ta c:
eSNR 1
1
Q
erfc
erfc( )
2
2
2 2 2

eSNR
Q

2 2
2

eSNR 2Q
eSNR = 4Q 2

Da vo hnh 3.3 Quan h gia BER v h s phm cht Q ta chn Q = 6,85

Suy ra c eSNR = 187,69 188
3.8.7 Tnh ton nhy my thu khi bit eSNR

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

Nhiu lng t c tnh theo biu thc trn cn nhiu dng ti c biu din
theo cng thc :
N D N DB N DS 2R L q(I DB I DS )Be

(3.35)

Nhiu nhit ph thuc vo nhit tuyt i, bng thng in v biu din di

dng :
NT 4KTBe

(3.36)

Vi K=1,38.10-23 J/K l hng s BoltZmam v T l nhit tuyt i

Cng sut tn hiu n : Ssignal RL .I P2 RL R2 PRX2

(3.37)

Do t s eSNR trong trng hp tch sng trc tip s dng photodiode PIN
cho bi:
eSNR PIN DD

Ssignal
N Q N DB N DS N T

2
R L R 2 PRX

[(2qSPRX 2q(I DB

(3.38)

4KT
I DS )
)R L B e ]
RL

Thay cc gi tr vo (3.38) ta c:

0,95 PRX
3, 2.10

19

4 1,38.1023 300 2,5.109

(0,95 PRX 0,3.10 ) 2,5.10
50
9

188

Trin khai cng thc ta c phng trnh bc 2 theo PRX:

0,9025P2RX -142,88.10-9PRX -15,56.10-11 = 0
PRX = 1,32. 10-5 (W) = -18.794dBm (chn)

Gii phng trnh bc hai ta c:

PRX = -1,305.10-5 (W )

(loi)

Vy nhy ca my thu l: PRX = -18.794dBm

T ta c cng sut pht ti u cho laser trong trng hp s dng PIN:
m

Theo nh cng thc (3.5) PRX PTX Gi Ploss th:

i 1

chn G = 26dB G = 52dB

suy ra :PTX = Ploss - G + PRX = 74 - 52 + (-18,794) = 3,2dBm
Vy chn cng sut pht ti u l 3dBm

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Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

3.8.8 Tnh ton b khuych i v v tr t

Gi L0 l khong truyn dn m h thng lm vic tt (my thu vn thu tt tn
hiu t my pht) m khng cn EDFA
Pr Ptx Ploss Ptx Lo
P tx Pr 3 18, 794
Lo

108,97(km)
0, 2

(3.39)
(3.40)

Nh vy khong cch truyn dn cn t b EDFA l cch my pht khong

100 km
Nu chn b khuch i quang l 26dB th s EDFA cn s dng l:
K

AB Lo 260 100 0, 2 1, 2
G

26

b EDFA

(3.41)

Vy s b khuch i l 2 b
3.8.9 Tnh ton thi gian ln
Do tuyn c thit k s dng si quang n mode nn gi tr tmode v
t PMD c b qua. n s tnh cc tham s cn li nh sau:
+ Thi gian ln ca my pht tTX = 25.10-12 s
+ Thi gian ln ca thit b thu: tRx
tRX

350
350

14.1010 s
9
BRX 2,5.10

+ Thi gian ln tn sc vt liu ng dn sng:

tCD D L 17.260.0,1.1012 4, 42.1010 s

+ Thi gian ln cho php ti a ca tn hiu : tsys max

t sys max =

0,7
0,7
=
= 0,28.10-9 s
9
Bt
2,5.10

+ Thi gian ln ca c tuyn tt:

Trang: 58

Chng 3: Tnh ton v thit k tuyn truyn dn quang t Nng i ng Hi

350
tt t ( D L )

Brx
2
tx

25.10 4, 42.10 14.10

12 2

10 2

10 2

tt 1,8.109 s

Vi kt qu tnh ton c c th n s tin hnh xy dng ln m hnh tuyn

truyn dn t thnh ph Nng i thnh ph ng Hi (Qung Bnh), m phng v
nh gi cht lng h thng thng qua BER v Q
3.9 Kt lun chng
Thng qua kt qu vic tnh ton, da vo cc thng s cho trc ca tuyn,
n tnh ton ra c cng sut pht ti u cho tuyn, tnh ton ra c t s tn hiu
trn nhiu eSNR, tnh ton ra c s b khuch i EDFA cho tuyn v v tr lp t.
Bn cnh , n cn tnh ton d tr thi gian. Vi cc kt qu tnh ra ,
n s p dng m phng cho tuyn qua phn mm Optisystem chng tip theo.

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