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Các Mạch Biến Đổi Tần Số
Các Mạch Biến Đổi Tần Số
Cc mch bin i tn s
Bi:
L Sc
GII THIU
Trong k thut thng tin v tuyn in, khi mun truyn thng tin i xa ngi ta phi
chuyn tn s ca tn hiu tin tc ln mt tn s cao hn rt nhiu l v cng sut ca
sng in t khi bc x ra t l vi tn s ca sng. Do vy vi tin tc c tn s thp th
kh nng bc x rt yu v khng c kh nng truyn i xa.
Phng php thc hin chuyn ph ca tn hiu tin tc ln vng c tn s cao hn
l iu ch (iu ch bin , iu tn, iu pha), cc mch trn tn.
pha my thu phi c mt qu trnh chuyn i ngc li, tc l chuyn ph tn hiu
tin tc ang tn s cao v ng vi tn s gc ban u, qu trnh l tch sng (gii
iu ch). Vi mi kiu iu ch s c cc mch tch sng tng ng.
Ngoi ra, trong mt s trng hp kh thc hin vic chuyn ph tn s mt ln n
ng tn s mong mun, ngi ta thng dng cc mch trn tn. Trong cc my thu
i tn thng thng cng s dng cc mch trn tn chuyn tn s sng mang (tn
s cao) v mt tn s trung gian (tn s trung tn), sau khuch i tn hiu ln nhiu
ln trc khi a vo mch tch sng.
Tt c cc qu trnh bin i tn s u da vo mt tnh cht rt quan trng ca linh
kin bn dn l tnh cht phi tuyn. Tnh cht phi tuyn y c hiu l khi chng
ta tc ng mt tn s v linh kin bn dn th n s cho ra nhiu tn s l bi ca tc l
nf vi n = 1, 2, 3,..
NI DUNG
KHI NIM V IU CH
iu ch l qu trnh ghi tin tc vo dao ng cao tn nh bin i mt thng s no
nh bin , tn s hay gc pha ca dao ng cao tn theo tin tc.
Thng qua iu ch, tin tc min tn s thp c chuyn ln vng tn s cao bc
x truyn i xa.
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Cc mch bin i tn s
Do tn hiu iu bin:
Nh vy, ngoi thnh phn ti tin, tn hiu iu khin cn c hai bin tn. Bin tn trn
c tn s t (1 + Smin) n (1 + Smax) v bin tn di t (1-Smin) n (1
- Smax).
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Cc mch bin i tn s
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Cc mch bin i tn s
Cng sut ca tn hiu iu bin l cng sut trung bnh trong mt chu k ca tn hiu
iu ch.
Cc mch bin i tn s
H s mo tn s
nh gi ta da vo c tuyn bin - tn s
Cc mch iu bin
Cc mch iu bin thng s dng cc phn t bn dn vi tnh cht phi tuyn ca
chng. Tnh cht phi tuyn y c hiu l khi chng ta cho hai tn hiu vi hai tn
s khc nhau tc ng ln linh kin bn dn th n s sinh ra cc thnh phn l tng v
hiu ca cc tn s tc ng.
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Cc mch bin i tn s
Dng in ra: i = i1 i2
trong :
Mch iu ch vng
Mch iu ch vng: thc cht l hai mch iu ch cn bng chung ti.
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Cc mch bin i tn s
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Cc mch bin i tn s
4.10
IU TN V IU PHA
Cc cng thc c bn v quan h gia iu tn v iu pha
V gia tn s v gc pha ca mt dao ng c quan h nh biu thc sau, nn d dng
chuyn i s bin thin tn s thnh bin thin v pha v ngc li.
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Cc mch bin i tn s
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Cc mch bin i tn s
trong k - h s t l.
k - hiu in th tip xc mt ghp, vi it Silic k 0,7V
y - h s ph thuc vt liu.
Mc it song song vi h to dao ng ca b to dao ng, ng thi t in p iu
ch ln it th CD thay i theo in p iu ch, do tn s cng hng ring ca
b to dao ng cng bin i theo. Trn hnh 6-6b l mch in b to dao ng iu
tn bng it bin dung. Trong mch in ny it c phn cc ngc bi ngun E2.
Tn s dao ng ca mch gn bng tn s cng hng ring ca h dao ng v c
xc nh nh sau:
in p t ln it:
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Cc mch bin i tn s
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Cc mch bin i tn s
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Cc mch bin i tn s
Trong :
u gm c thnh phn mt chiu v thnh phn bin thin chm theo thi gian:
- Thc t, i vi qu trnh tch sng ch cn quan tm n thnh phn bin thin chm
(mang tin tc) m thi, do thng xc nh h s tch sng nh sau:
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Cc mch bin i tn s
Mo phi tuyn:
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Cc mch bin i tn s
Trong cc s hnh 6-12 phi chn hng s thi gian = RC ln sao cho dng in
p ra ti gn vi dng hnh bao ca in p cao tn u vo. Thng thng bin
in p vo ln hn 1 vn hiu dng v R >>Ri, RV th c th tch sng c in p
nh. Tuy nhin cng khng c chn qu ln trnh mo do in dung ti gy ra.
iu kin tng qut chn l:
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Cc mch bin i tn s
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Cc mch bin i tn s
S iu chun mch cng hng lch khi tn s trung bnh ca tn hiu vo lm bin
in p vo ca hai b tch sng bin (U1, U2) thay i ph thuc vo tn s in
p vo.
Tch sng dng mch lch cng hng c nhc im l kh iu chnh cho hai mch
cng hng hon ton i xng nn t c dng.
Mch tch sng iu tn dng mch cng hng ghp
Mch tch sng iu tn dng mch cng hng ghp hnh 6-15. Mch in lm vic
theo nguyn tc chuyn bin thin tn s thnh bin thin v pha, sau thc hin tch
sng pha nh tch sng bin .
Tch sng dng mch cng hng ghp t gy mo v d iu chnh v c hai mch u
cng hng tn s f0. Tuy nhin in p ra trong b tch sng ny va ph thuc tn
s va ph thuc bin tn hiu vo |U1| nn n sinh ra nhiu bin . khc phc
nhc im ny, phi t trc mch tch sng mt mch hn ch bin .
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Cc mch bin i tn s
Thay vo ta c:
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Cc mch bin i tn s
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Cc mch bin i tn s
Cho ut l dy xung tam gic cao tn cn uS l tin tc. Sau mch tng ta c in p ua
l dy xung tam gic bin i theo uS. Qua mch hn ch hai pha mc khng v mc
+E cho dy xung hnh thang vung c rng thay i theo uS(ub). Dy xung ny qua
mch sa xung c dy xung vung c bin khng i, rng thay i theo uS,
l tn hiu iu rng xung uRX. c tn hiu iu pha xung cho dy xung vung
trn qua mch vi phn v hn ch di ta c dy xung c bin , rng khng i
xut hin sm mun theo uS, l tn hiu iu pha xung uRX.
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