Giáo Trình MathCad

Gio trnh MathCad
Bin tp bi:
KS. Hunh Vng Thu Minh
Gio trnh MathCad

Bin tp bi:
Cc tc gi:
Phin bn trc tuyn:

http://voer.edu.vn/c/dc3f6c61
MC LC
1. Gii thiu Mathcad 2001i
2. Nhp k t v cng thc trn Mathcad 2001i
3. MathCad vi i s v s hc
4. Vc t v ma trn
5. Cc hm s trong Mathcad
6. V th
7. Lp trnh
8. Nhng kt d liu
9. MathCad ng dng (phn 1)
10. MathCad ng dng - phn 2
11. Ph lc
Tham gia ng gp
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Gii thiu Mathcad 2001i

CC THAO TC CN THIT
Khi ng Mathcad 2001i

khi ng Mathcad 2001i, c th thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? Nhp p vo biu tng
Nhp vo nt Start/Mathsoft Apps/Mathcad 2001i professional.
Thot khi Mathcad 2001i

thot khi Mathcad 2001i, c th thc hin theo cc cch sau:
Trn thanh menu : chn File/Exit.
T bn phm: nhn Alt+F+X.
Nhp vo nt iu khin .
Lu tr
Lu Worksheet vi tn mi
Khi va khi ng Mathcad 2001i, khi mun lu tr li hoc t file c mun lu tr li
vi tn mi, bng cc cch sau:
Trn thanh menu: chn File/Save As
T bn phm: nhn t hp Alt+F+A
Mathcad 2001i s m ra hp thoi Save As (hnh 1.1) cho php t tn v chn ni lu
tr, trong :
Mc Save in: chn th mc cn lu tr (hnh 1.1) chn th mc Mathcad 2001i.
Mc File name: ni t tn cho Worksheet.
Mc Save as type: cho php lu tr Worksheet theo cc phin bn ca Mathcad hoc
dng Template,
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Hnh 1.1. Hp thoi Save As

Sau , nhp vo nt Save (hoc g Enter) hon tt vic lu tr.
Lu Worksheet c tn sn
Trn thanh cng c chun: nhp vo biu tng .
T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+S (hoc Alt+F+S).
Trn thanh menu: chn File/Save.
M mt Worksheet
M mt Worksheet hon ton mi
T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+N (hoc Alt+F+N).
Trn thanh menu: chn File/New.
Sau , hp thoi New xut hin ( hnh 1.2)
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Hnh 1.2. Hp thoi New

M mt Worksheet c sn
T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+O (hoc Alt+F+O).
Trn thanh menu: chn File/Open.
Sau , xut hin Hp thoi Open nh hnh 1.3
Mc Look in: chn th mc c cha fie cn m.
Mc File name: tn file cn m.
Mc Files of type: c th m cc tp tin ca Mathcad vi cc ui *.mcd (cac
Worksheet); *.mct (cac Template); *.hbk (sch gip ca Mathcad); *.*
(hien th tat ca cac tap tin).
Sau chn Open hon tt vic m mt tp tin.
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Hnh 1.3. Hp thoi Open
GII THIU GIAO DIN Mathcad 2001i

Thanh tiu (Title bar) ( hnh 1.4)
V tr: nm trn nh mn hnh, cho bit chng trnh ang chy l Mathcad
2001i, trang ang lm vic l [Untitled:1] (i vi tp tin cha c tn), [Tn tp
tin] i vi tp tin c tn.
Nt iu khin mn hnh: nm bn phi mn hnh
.
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Thanh thc n (menu bar) ( hnh 1.4 )

Trn thanh thc n (menu bar) c nhiu trnh n, khi mt trnh n c chn, th
ngay lp tc mt thc n th (Full Down menu) (hnh 1.5) xut hin cho php chn
lnh k tip.
? File: ngoi cc lnh tng t nh WORD, EXCEL, cn c cc lnh giao tip vi cc
ngi dng Mathcad khc trn th gii thng qua mng Internet (Collaboratory) (hnh
1.5).
? Edit: im ni bt trong ny l xut hin cc mc Links, Object gip ngi s dng
Mathcad c th trao i d liu vi cc i tng khc (hnh 1.6).
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Full Down menu
? Insert : Trong menu ny (hnh1.7) Mathcad cho php chn cc mc sau:

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***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
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Hnh 1.9. nh dng kt qu
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Thanh cng c chun (Standard Toolbar) (hnh 1.15)
Thanh cng c chun chun (Standard Toolbar) cho php thc hin cc thao tc bng
biu tng (hnh 1.15) nh sau:
khc nh Word, Excel

?
: to mt mi lin kt vi cc ngun ti liu khc do ngi s dng t lp nn. Khi
s dng, ch cn kch p vo t no ca ti liu tc khc s xut hin ti liu khc
c lin quan n n.
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Thanh nh dng (Formatting Toolbar) (hnh 1.16)
Cho php nh dng i tng v: Kiu ch (Font), kch c (size), canh hng ngang,
dc, ch s trn, di,
Thanh cng c Math (Math Toolbar)
Thanh cng c Math chuyn dng tnh ton (hnh 1.17), khi nhp vo mi biu tng
trn thanh cng c Math th xut hin ln lt cc bng sau:
S hc (Calculator Tollbar).
Bng la chn cc dng th (Graph Tollbar).
Vc t v Ma trn (Vector and Matrix Tollbar).
Bng cc ton t quan h (Evaluation Tollbar and Boolean Tollbar).
Bng cc php ton v o hm, tch phn, gii hn,(Caculus Tollbar).
Bng cc t kho lp chng trnh (Programming Tollbar).
Bng cc mu k t Hy Lp (Greek Symbol Tollbar).
Bng cc t kho Symbolic (Symbolic keyword Tollbar).
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Thanh trng thi (Status bar) (hnh1.19 )
Vng son tho v tnh ton (region), hnh ch thp (crosshair) (hnh 1.4)
? Vng son tho v tnh ton: c dng hnh ch nht mu trng (mc nh).
? Hnh ch thp mu (Crosshair): th hin v tr trnh by mt i tng trn mn
hnh.
NH DNG TRANG V IN
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nh dng trang in
nh dng trang in, t thanh menu chn File/Page Setup xut hin hp thoi Page
Setup (hnh 1.20).
Hnh 1.20. Hp thoi Page Setup

? Ti mc Paper size: chn kh giy.
? Orientation Portrait: chn kiu in trang ng.
? Orientation Landscape: chn kiu in trang ngang.
? Margins : canh l tri, phi, trn, di. Mc nh n v l inches (1in = 2.54cm).
In t Mathcad
in trong Mathcad, thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? T thanh menu: chn File/Print
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? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+P.
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Nhp k t v cng thc trn Mathcad

2001i
NHP K T
La chn thuc tnh cho k t

? Trn thanh menu : chn Format/Style, xut hin hp thoi Text Style (hnh 2.1).
Hnh 2.1. Hp thoi Text Style

? C th chn New t tn cho mt ln la chn (nu mun s dng nhiu kiu ch Style), hoc nu mun mc nh th chn Normal/Modify xut hin hp thoi Define
Style (hnh 2.2).
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? Trong hp thoi Define Style : chn

2.3).
, xut hin hp thoi Text Format (hnh
Hnh 2.3 Hp thoi Text Format

Trong hp thoi Text Format cho php la chn cc thuc tnh cho k t, sau chn
OK/Close hon tt cng vic. Khi trn thanh nh dng (Formatting Toolbar) s
thay i (hnh 2.4).
Hnh 2.4. Thanh Formatting Toolbar sau khi nh dng Style

To vng k t
Mun to vng k t, thc hin theo cc bc sau:
? Kch con tr chut ti v tr mun t k t.
? Trn thanh menu: nhn Insert/Text Region.
? Hoc t bn phm: nhn .
Khi khung k t hin trn mn hnh

, tin hnh nhp k t, mun xung dng th
nhn Enter, mun thot nhn tr chut ngoi khung k t (hnh 2.5).
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Hnh 2.5. Khung k t

Lu :
thao tc c nhanh, ch cn kch tr chut ti vng mun th hin k t, nh bnh
thng cui cng s dng thanh Spacebar, chui k t t ng chy vo khung k
t.
X L K T
Sao chp k t
Sau khi chn i tng, thc hin vic sao chp theo cc cch sau:
? Trn thanh menu: chn Edit/Copy.
? Trn thanh cng c chun: nhp vo biu tng
? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+C.

Ct k t
Sau khi chn i tng, thc hin vic ct k t theo cc cch sau:
? Trn thanh menu: chn Edit/Cut.
? Trn thanh cng c: nhp vo biu tng
? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+X.

Dn k t
Sau khi chn v tr cn dn i tng, thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? Trn thanh menu: chn Edit/Pase.
? Trn thanh cng c: nhp vo biu tng
? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+V.
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Xo chui k t
Kch chn khung k t cn xo:
? Xo k t nm bn tri im chn: nhn Bksp ( ).
? Xo k t nm bn phi im chn: nhn Delete.
? Xo tt c cc khung k t: chn Edit/Select All (nhn trl+A).
Mun ghi chng k t
Kch tr chut ngay bn tri ca k t u tin mun ghi chng:
? Nhn phm Insert bt u nhp ni dung mi.
? Nhn li phm Insert tr li ch mc nh ban u.
Chn cng thc vo chui k t
Kch tr chut ti ni mun chn cng thc, sau c th thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? Trn thanh menu: chn Insert/Math Region.
? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+Shift+A.
Xut hin khung trng nhp cng thc, kch chut vo mt ch bt k trong vng
vn bn tr v ch nhp k t.
Kt ni
Mun kt ni mt tp tin bt k, thc hin theo cc bc sau:
? Chn i tng mun kt ni.
? Trn thanh menu: chn Insert/Hyperlink (hoc nhn Ctrl+K), xut hin hp thoi
Insert Hyperlink (hnh 2.6).
? Chn
tm file cn kt ni.
? Mun file kt ni dng Pop-up th kch vo mc Display as pop-up document.

? Mun s dng a ch tng i, kch vo mc Use relative path for hyperlink.
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? Mun th hin ch thch thanh trng thi, nh vo mc Message that appears

? Cui cng chn OK.
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi Insert Hyperlink

Khi mun m file kt ni, ch cn kch p vo i tng c kt ni.
Tm v thay th
Tm k t
Thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? Trn thanh menu: chn Edit/Find
? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+F
Xut hin hp thoi Find (hnh 2.7)
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi Find

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? Trong khung Find what nhp chui k t cn tm.

? Nhn Find Next thc hin vic tm k t.
Thay th k t
Thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? Trn thanh menu: chn Edit/Replace
? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+F
Xut hin hp thoi Replace (hnh 2.8)
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi Replace

? Trong khung Find what: nhp chui k t mun tm.
? Trong khung Replace with: nhp chui k t mun thay th.
? Th Replace: ch thay th mt k t hin hnh.
? Th Replace All: thay th ton b k t hin hnh.
? Th Find Next: tm k t k tip thay th.
Kim tra li chnh t
Thc hin theo cch sau:
? Chn k t mun kim tra li.
? Trn thanh menu: chn Edit/Check Spelling
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Xut hin hp thoi Check Spelling (hnh 2.9)
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi Check Spelling

? Trong khung Not Found: xut hin t b li.
? Trong khung Change To: xut hin t thay th.
Lu :
Trng hp t thay th trong t in b thiu, c th thm t mi vo t in.
Son tho ni dung ca phn trang tnh dnh nhp s liu
Mi loi s liu nn nhp vo mt bng ring hoc mt phn ring trn trang tnh. Trong
trang ny nn c cc s hoc hnh v gii thch ngha ca cc s liu c
nhp. to cc hnh v, c th s dng AutoCAD hay Paint chn vo trang tnh ca
Mathcad.
Son tho ni dung ca phn trang tnh dnh xut kt qu
Cch son tho ni dung trang tnh dnh xut kt qu cng ging nh khi son tho
trang tnh dnh nhp s liu. Kt qu xut ra cng cn phn loi v xp vo tng bng
theo nhm ngha d theo di.
Km theo bng kt qu nn c cc hnh v minh ho, c th s dng phn ho trong
Mathcad v bng s liu thc. Nh vy khi s liu thay i th gi tr v biu hnh
v s thay i theo. Hoc c th dng AutoCAD hay Paint, nhng n ch thun tu l
hnh v minh ho ch khng m t c kt qu thc.
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Son tho ni dung trang tnh dnh lu tr c s d liu

Trong qu trnh tnh ton c th s dng nhng bng tra, hoc bng s liu t Excel,
th c son sn... tt c c xem l c s d liu dng tra cu, ni suy hay c
s liu
Nu khng mun lu tr c lp vi Mathcad, c th chp n vo trang nm bn phi
trang in trong Mathcad. Khi khng cn nh dng trang ny v n s khng c in.
Trng hp c mt s cng thc tnh ton hoc lp trnh khi khng mun cho ngi s
dng phn mm nhn thy hoc khng mun in ra, thc hin theo cc bc nh sau:
? Chn Insert/Area chn vng cn kho (lock).
? Kch nt phi chut vo vng cn kho xut hin menu th v chn Lock
? Trong hp thoi Lock Area, g vo Password.
? Chn OK hon tt vic kho.
NHP CNG THC

t con tr chut ti ch bt u g cng thc, sau t bn phm c th g cc k
t, con s hoc cc ton t nh cng (+), tr (-), nhn (*), chia (/), hoc c th dng
thanh cng c Math ( c gii thiu chng 1).
Khi nhp cng thc tnh ton, ta s thy chng nm trong khung cng vi ng ch
mu xanh bit theo di l k t no ang c x l.
Chn cc k hiu ton t
chn ton t vo biu thc:
? Kch vo biu thc mun chn.
? Nhn phm Ins di chuyn im chn sang tri.
? Nhn phm ton t mun chn.
Xo cc k hiu ton t
xo cc k hiu ton t:
? Kch vo biu thc mun xo.
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? Nhn phm Ins chuyn im chn sang tri.

? Nhn phm BkSp ( ).
Xo ton b cng thc
? Kch chn cng thc mun xo.
? Trn thanh menu: nhn Edit/Delete.
Thm du ngoc n vo biu thc
ng ngoc mt i tng duy nht:
? t con tr chut trc hoc sau i tng.
? T bn phm: nhn du nhy n ().
ng ngoc nhiu i tng:
? t con tr vo trc i tng v nhn phm du ngoc m ( ( ).
? t con tr chut vo sau i tng v nhn phm du ngoc ng ( ) ).
Nhp cc con s
1. Nhp cc s ln hn 999
Khi nhp cc con s ln hn 999, khng c dng du phy (,) hoc du chm (.)
phn cch cc con s m phi nh lin tc.
V d: 10000 hoc 200000
1. Nhp s thp phn
Khi nhp cc s thp phn, dng du chm (.) phn bit s thp phn.
1. Nhp con s tng theo bi s 10
? Nhp s cn tng theo bi s ca 10.
? T bn phm: nhn a*10^ s xut hin ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT
SUPPORTED.*** .
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? Trong khung trng hnh ch nht, nh con s tng ng vi bi s 10.

1. Nhp s o
nhp s o:
? nh s thc.
? nh i hoc j ngay sau cc s .
Lu :
Nu mun th hin s o l i hoc j ta phi nh l 1i hoc 1jsau s 1 s bin
mt. Nu ch nh i hoc j th n hiu l mt bin ch khng phi s o.
nh ngha bin
trnh nhm ln cc tn bin, tt nht nn chn tn bin ging nh tn bin cn tnh
ton.
V d: Tnh h s bin ng Cv (trong tnh ton Thy vn)
Nh vy lc ny Cv l mt bin trong Mathcad.
nh ngha hm
Bn cht ca hm trong Mathcad cng ging nh hm trong ton hc. Trong Mathcad
c tt c cc tnh nng nh mt chng trnh ton hc. Do tnh c hm thc
hin theo cc bc sau:
? Khai bo bin.
? Khai bo hm.
? Kt qu.
V d:
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Bng k mt s t hp phm bm ca Mathcad

Phm bm
Hin
th
Ch gii
Ctrl+Shift+Z
V cng
Ctrl+Shift+P
S Pi
C s e
1i
S o i
Phn trm
Hin
th
Ch gii
Thao Tc Trn Cc Ca S V
Worksheets
Phm bm
Ctrl+F4
ng Worksheet
Ctrl+F6
Qua ca s k tip
Ctrl+O
M Worksheet
Alt+F4
That
Ctrl+Q
That
F1
M ca s gip
F5
M Worksheet
F6
Lu Worksheet
F7
To Worksheet mi
F9
Tnh mt biu thc c

chn
Shift+F1
M hoc thot ca s gip
Esc
Thot ca s gip
Phm Tt Cho Son Tho

Phm bm
Hin
th
Ch gii
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Enter
Chn mt hng trng
Delete
Xa hng trng
Ctrl+F5
Tm chui
Shift+F5
t li chui
Alt+BkSp
Phc hi li son tho sau cng
Ctrl+C
Copy
Ctrl+V
Dn
Ctrl+X
Ct
Ctrl+U
Chn hp thoi n v
To Php Tan
Phm bm
Hin th
Ch gii
Giai tha
***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Tng dy
&

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Tch phn
'

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Du ngoc
M ngoc
ng ngoc
Nhn
Cng

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Tch cc i s ca hm
s

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Cho dy s
Du tr
<
<
Nh hn
27/163
>
>
Ln hn

NOT SUPPORTED.***
o hm cp 1

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Thnh phn ca vc t
hoc ma trn

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Cn bc hai

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Ly tha

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Gi tr tuyt i, nh thc
ma trn
Ctrl+1

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Php hon chuyn
Ctrl+3

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Khng bng

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Tch mt dy
Ctrl+4

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Tng cc thnh phn ca

vct
Ctrl+9

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Nh hn hoc bng
Ctrl+0

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Ln hn hoc bng
Ctrl+8

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Tch c hng
Ctrl+-

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Vct ha
Ctrl+=

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Bng
Ctrl+6

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Trch ct ca ma trn
Ctrl+Shift+4

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Tng
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Ctrl+Shift+3

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Tch
Ctrl+Shift+?

NOT SUPPORTED.***
o hm cp n
Ctrl+\

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Cn bc n
Ctrl+Enter

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Xung dng (nu dng

tnh qu di)
Phm bm
Hin th
Ch gii
Ctrl+I

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Nguyn hm
Ctrl+L

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Gii hn
Ctrl+Shift +A

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Gii hn bn phi
Ctrl+Shift +B

NOT SUPPORTED.***
Gii hn bn tri
Hin th
Ch gii
Cc Php Ton
Symbolic
Phm To Mt
Vng
Phm bm
@
V th trong mt phng
Ctrl+5
V contour
Ctrl+7
V trong ta cc
Ctrl+2
V b mt ma trn
Ctrl+G
i k t Roman sang
Hylap v ngc li
Ctrl+M
To ma trn hoc vc t
Ctrl+ Shift +P
Chn k hiu s Pi
Ctrl+ Shift +Z
Chn k hiu v cc
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N V O LNG TRONG MATHCAD

Trong Mathcad n v mc nh l h SI (International System of Units). Mathcad c
kh nng tm n v tiu chun khi tnh ton v t ng thay i n v tnh ton. Cho
nn khng c g ngc nhin khi bn nh ngha n v ca bin l Tone (tn) th trong
qu trnh tnh ton Mathcad t ng chuyn qua n v l Kilogram (kg). Nu bn mun
kt qu c th hin bng n v l T, thc hin nh sau:
? Kch vo kt qu c n v mun iu chnh, s xut hin khung ch nht mu en
ngay sau n v.
? G vo n v mun c th hin.
V d:
Kt qu:
Lu : Trc phi nh ngha: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT
SUPPORTED.*** .
30/163
MathCad vi i s v s hc
TNH TON VI SYMBOLICS T THANH CNG C CHUN
Hnh 3.1. Trnh n Symbolics trn menu bar

Symbolics/Evaluate/Symbolically: xut gi tr biu thc di dng k hiu.
V d: Tnh (2a-1) + 3a
? Chn biu thc
? T thanh cng c chun: nhn Symbolically/Evaluate/Symbolically (hoc nhn Shift
+ F9).
? Kt qu: 5a-1
? Symbolics/Evaluate/foating Point: xut gi tr biu thc di dng s thc ng.
V d: Tnh 1 + 13
? Chn biu thc.
? Chn Symbolically/Evaluate/Foating Point, xut hin hp thoi Floating Point
Evaluation (hnh 3.2).
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? Trong th Floating Point Precision mc nh l 20, c th thay i tu thch, sau

chn OK.
? Kt qu : 1.33333333333333333333.
? Symbolics/Evaluate/Complex: xut gi tr biu thc di dng s phc.
V d: Tnh 2i + 1
? Chn biu thc
? T thanh cng c chun: nhn Symbolics/Evaluate/Complex
? Kt qu:
? Symbolics/Simplify: n gin biu thc.
? Symbolics/Expand: khai trin biu thc c chn.
V d:
? Symbolics/Factor: khai trin biu thc c chn, phn tch thnh nhn t.
V d:
? Symbolics/Collect: sp xp theo lu tha ca bin.
V d:
z2 - xz + x2z2 + 2z -1 cho kt qu (x2+1)z2+(-x+2)z-1
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? Symbolics/Polynomial Coefficient: tm cc h s ca a thc.

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** V d:
(1-x)(x2+2) -3x -1 cho kt qu:
Lu : Sau khi n gin biu thc n s sp xp cc h s theo th t t di ln trn.
? Symbolics/Variable/Solve: giai phng trnh.
? Symbolics/Variable/Substitute: tnh biu thc theo biu thc con.
V d:
Tnh U2 +U vi U= x+1 Cho kt qu (x-1)2 + x -1
? Symbolics/Variable/ Differentiate: tnh o hm.
? Symbolics/Variable/Integrate: tnh nguyn hm.
? Symbolics/Variable/ Expand to series: khai trin chui.
V d:
? Symbolics/Variable/Convert to Partial Fraction: phn tch cc phn thc n gin hn
c mu bc nht.
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TNH TON VI SYMBOLICS T THANH CNG C MATH
Hnh 3.3. Bng Symbolics t thanh Math

?
: Symbolics Evaluation

?
?
: Symbolics Keyword Evaluation (g biu thc km t kho).

: la chn cc iu kin b sung t bng Modifier (hnh 3.4).
Hnh 3.4. Bng Modifier

?
: cho kt qu l s thc vi phn thp phn tu chn.

?
: cho kt qu l s phc.
: to gi thuyt cho bin.
: gii phng trnh cho kt qu dng Symbolics.
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: n gin mt biu thc.
V d:
?
: tnh mt biu thc theo mt biu thc con.

?
: phn tch thnh nhn t ca mt biu thc.

?
: khai trin mt biu thc di dng lu tha, tch, tng.

?
: trch cc h s ca a thc theo bin la chn.

?
: sp xp a thc theo bin chn.

?
: khai trin thnh chui Taylor cc hm s.
V d:
?
: phn tch mt biu thc thnh cc tng phn s n gin hn.

?
: khai trin hm s dng fourier.
: khai trin hm s dng laplace.
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: khai trin dng z- transform ca mt hm s.
: bin i ngc dng fourier.
: php bin i ngc dng laplace.
: php bin i ngc dng z- transform.
LM TON TRN SYMBOLICS MENU V MATH PALETTE

Khai trin biu thc
Mathcad cho php bn khai trin biu thc s hoc ch.
V d:
Khai trin biu thc ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
Cch 1:
? Kch chn biu thc mun khai trin.
? T thanh cng c: nhn Symbolics/Expand.
? Kt qu: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
Lu : Theo mc nh, kt qu khai trin s nm bn di biu thc c khai trin.
Nu mun kt qu khai trin nm ngang vi biu thc thc hin theo cch sau:
? T thanh cng c: nhn Symbolics/Evaluation Style/ Hrizontally, xut hin hp thoi
Evaluation Style (hnh 3.5).
? Th hin du bng nhn (Shift+) hoc nhn Insert/Text Region v g vo du bng
(=).
? Kt qu: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** = ***SORRY,
THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
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Hnh 3.5. Hp thoi Evaluation Style

Cch 2:
Kch chn biu thc mun khai trin
T thanh Math: kch vo biu tng
, xut hin bng symbolics (hnh 3.3).
T bng Symbolics: kch vo nt lnh
Kt qu: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
Lu : nu mun thay i biu thc ang tnh th ch c cch 2 l cp nht kt qu.
Rt gn biu thc
Rt gn biu thc (Simplify), tng t nh khai trin biu thc cng c 2 cch tnh
V d:
a. Rt gn biu thc : ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
? Kt qu cch 1: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** = 1
? Kt qu cch 2: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
b. Rt gn biu thc ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** iu
kin x>0
Chn biu thc cn rt gn
T bng Symbolics: kch vo
v
, g vo iu kin
Kt qu: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
Trc cn thc mu
trc cn thc mu, s dng hm factor.
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V d:
Trc cn thc: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
Kt qu cch 1: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
= ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
Kt qu cch 2: ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
CC PHP TNH GII HN, O HM V TCH PHN

Kch chn thanh Calculus t thanh cng c Math (Hnh 3.6)
Hnh 3.6.Thanh Calculus

?
: o hm cp 1
V d: Tnh o hm cp 1 ca hm f(x) = 2x3 + 3x
: o hm cp n
V d: Tnh o hm cp 2 ca hm f(x) = 2x3 + 3x
: tnh gii hn
V d:
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: tnh gii hn bn phi
V d:
: tnh gii hn bn tri
V d:
: tnh tch phn gii hn v tch phn suy rng
V d:
: tnh tng nhiu s
V d:
: tnh tch nhiu s
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V d:
BI TP CHNG 3
1. n gin cc biu thc sau:
x2 3 4
x4
+ 2x 5
2. Khai trin biu thc sau:
3. n gin biu thc c iu kin:

a.
a2
a1
, iu kin a>1
b. (x 1)2 (x 1)2, iu kin x<-1

4. Phn tch thnh nhn t:
5. Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh:
6. Tnh o hm cp 1 ca nhng hm s sau:
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7. Cho hm s: f(x): = x4 2x2 1

Tm x khi o hm cp 2 ca f(x)>0
8. Tnh gii hn cc hm s sau:
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Vc t v ma trn
TO MT VC T V CC PHP TNH VC T
To mt Vc t
Vc t l mt dy sp xp ngay ngn (hay Ma trn ch c mt ct). to mt Vc t
trong Mathcad, thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? Trn thanh menu: chn Insert/Matrix
? Trn thanh Math: nhp vo biu tng
? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+M
Xut hin hp thoi Insert Matrix (hnh3.1).
Hnh 3.1. Hp thoi Insert Matrix

Trong khung Rows chn s dng tng ng.
Trong khung Columns chn s ct tng ng.
Chn OK, xut hin ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT
SUPPORTED.*** , nhp s cn thit vo s c mt Vc t mong mun.
Tnh ton vi vct
1. Tch ca hai Vc t (Dot product)
? Tnh v hng ca hai Vc t
? Kch vo biu tng
NOT SUPPORTED.***
(hnh 3.4), xut hin ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS
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? Nhp tn hai Vc t mun tnh.

V d:
? Tnh c hng ca hai Vc t
? Kch vo biu tng
(hnh 3.4), xut hin

V d:
b. Giao ca hai Vc t (Cross product)

? Kch vo biu tng
NOT SUPPORTED.***

V d:
c. Tng ca mt Vc t (vector sum)
? Kch vo biu tng
NOT SUPPORTED.*** .
? Nhp tn Vc t mun tnh.
V d:
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Tnh kch c ca Vct

Hm length (v) : cho bit Vc t c bao nhiu phn t.
Hm last (v) : cho bit th t ca phn t cui cng.
V d:
To mt bng gi tr ca hm s
V d:
V d: To bng gi tr cc khong chia khng theo mt th t no.
Lu : Kt qu ln mn hnh ch th hin ti a 15 phn t. Trng hp ln hn 15 phn
t khi kch p vo bng gi tr, xut hin bng tr s s dng thanh trt s thy tt
c cc kt qu.
TO MT MA TRN V TNH TON VI MA TRN

To mt Ma trn
? Thc hin ging nh cch to mt Vc t nu Ma trn c t hn 10 dng v 10 ct
hoc thc hin theo cch sau:
Lu : Mathcad s t gi tr 0 cho tt c cc phn t m bn khng nh ngha.
V d:
Tuy nhin cch trn khng tin, mt nhiu thi gian nhp s liu.
? Khi Ma trn c nhiu hn 100 phn t, thc hin theo cc cch sau:
Ni cc mng nh li vi nhau.
c t tp tin d liu.
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Dng bin chy.

To bng d liu nhp.
V d: To mt Ma trn bng cch dng bin chy.
V d: To mt Ma trn vi cc gi tr ca hm s.
Hiu chnh Ma trn

Xo ct (hoc hng) ca Ma trn
xo mt ct (hoc hng) hay nhiu ct (hoc nhiu hng) ca Ma trn, thc hin nh
sau:
Kch vo phn t ct (hoc hng) mun xo.
T hp thoi Insert Matrix (hnh 3.1) ch r s ct (hng) mun xo.
Kch nt Delete.
V d:
Cho Ma trn sau:
xo ct u tin ca Ma trn C: ti mc Rows chn gi tr 0, ti mc
Columns chn gi tr 1 (hnh 3.2).
Hnh.3.2. Hp thoi Insert Matrix

xo dng th hai ca Ma trn C: ti mc Rows chn gi tr 2, ti mc
Columns chn gi tr 0 (hnh 3.3).
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Hnh 3.3
Thm ct (hoc hng) vo Ma trn
thm mt ct (hoc hng) hay nhiu ct (hoc hng) vo Ma trn, thc hin nh sau:
? Kch vo phn t trong ct (hoc hng), im chn s nm bn phi (i vi ct) v
bn di (i vi hng).
G s ct (hoc hng) mun chn vo.
Chn Insert.
Tnh ton vi Ma trn

T thanh Math, kch vo biu tng
trn v c Vc t (hnh 3.4).
s xut hin cc la chn tnh ton cho Ma
Hnh 3.4
a. Subscripts (ch s di)
? Xc nh tr s di ca Ma trn.
? Cho Ma trn M.
? Kch vo biu tng
xc nh cc ch s di.
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***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** ***SORRY, THIS

MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***
? Thay i ch s di ca Ma trn.
1. Ma trn nghch o (Inverse)
Kch vo biu tng , xut hin ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT
SUPPORTED.*** .
Nhp tn Ma trn mun th hin.
c. Tnh nh thc ca Ma trn (Determinant)
SUPPORTED.***
Nhp tn Ma trn mun tnh nh thc.
d. Trch mt ct t mt Ma trn (Matrix column)
SUPPORTED.*** .
Nhp tn Ma trn v ct mun trch ra.
. Ma trn chuyn v (Matrix transpose)
SUPPORTED.***
Nhp tn Ma trn mun tnh.
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X L MNG
Ni cc mng
? Hm stack (A,B,C) dng ni hai hay nhiu Ma trn vi nhau theo hng t trn
xung di.
? Hm augment (A,B,C) dng ni hai hay nhiu Ma trn vi nhau theo hng t
tri qua phi.
V d:
Tch cc mng
Hm submatrix (M,ir,jr,ic,jc) dng tch nh cc mng.
Trong :
M l Ma trn.
ir l s dng bt u tch.
ij l s dng kt thc tch.
ic l s ct bt u tch.
jc l s ct kt thc tch.
V d:
Tnh kch c ca Ma trn

Hm rows (M) : cho bit Ma trn c bao nhiu hng.
Hm cols (M) : cho bit Ma trn c bao nhiu ct.
V d:
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Cc hm tnh cc tr ca Ma trn
Hm max(A,B,C) : cho bit phn t ln nht trong cc Ma trn.
Hm min(A,B,C) : cho bit phn t nh nht trong cc Ma trn.
V d:
Hm dng to mt mng mi
Hm matrix (m,n,f)
Trong :
- m l s dng ca Ma trn.
- n l s ct ca Ma trn.
- f l hm s ca hai bin.
V d:
Mt s hm tm kim
Hm lookup(z,M,N)
Hm vlookup(z,M,c)
Hm hlookup(z,M,r)
Trong :
- z l gi tr ca phn t thuc ct (hoc hng) u tin.
- M, N l Ma trn.
- c, r l gi tr phn t c tr v t ct (hoc hng) tng ng.
V d:
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HIN TH MA TRN V VC T
Kt qu khi x l s liu Ma trn thng c th hin theo hai dng sau:
- Nu mng c t hn 100 phn t, kt qu c hin th di dng Ma trn thng
thng.
- Nu mng c nhiu hn 100 phn t, kt qu c hin th di dng bng c thanh
trt, kch vo thanh trt xem nhng phn t b che khut.
Tuy nhin nu mun th hin kt qu di dng bng trong trng hp c t hn 100
phn t, thc hin nh sau:
? T thanh menu: chn Format/Result, xut hin hp thoi Result Format (hnh 3.5).
? Chn th
? Ti mc Matrix display style chn Table.

? Chn OK.
Hnh 3.5. Hp thoi Result Format

V d:
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THAY I MC NH
Hnh 3.6. Math Options

Trong mt Vc t hay Ma trn, phn t u tin trong Mathcad c bt u bng phn
t 0. phn t u tin bt u l 1 thc hin theo cch sau:
? T thanh cng c: chn Math/Options, xut hin hp thoi Math Options (hnh 3.6).
? Chn th Built-In Variables.
? Trong mc Text box Array Origin (ORIGIN) chn s 1.
? Chn OK.
BI TP CHNG 4
1. Cho ma trn A v B nh sau:
Tch t ma trn A ra ma trn C

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C th ni kt hai ma trn A v B theo th t t trn xung di v t tri qua

phi c hay khng? Nu c th xut kt qu nu khng th gii thch?
2. Gii h phng trnh tuyn tnh a v dng Ma trn
a.
b.
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Cc hm s trong Mathcad
CC HM S TRONG MATHCAD
Mathcad lp sn mt s hm dng trong tnh ton k thut thng dng v chuyn su.
c c mt hm s ta c th thc hin theo hai cch sau:
? T thanh menu: chn Insert/Function (hnh5. 1).
? T bn phm: g chnh xc tn hm.
Hnh 5.1. Hp thoi Insert Function

Sau y s lit k mt s hm thng s dng trong tnh ton k thut:
Hm Bessel
Hm Bessel thay i
I0(x) I1(x) In(m,x)
K0(x) K1(x) Kn(m,x)
Hm Airy
Ai(x) Bi(x)
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Hm Bessel Kelvin
Bei(n,x)ber(n,x)
Hm Spherical Bessel
is(n,x)ys(n,x)
- Trong x l tp hp s thc v khng c th nguyn.
Hm iu kin khng lin tc
? if(cond,x,y) : tr v x nu cond l TRUE, ngc li tr v y.
? ?(m,n) - Kronecker delta : tr v 1 nu m=n, ngc li tr v 0.
? sign(x): tr v 0 nu x=0, tr v 1 nu x>0, tr v -1 vi nhng trng hp cn li. x
l s thc.
? ?(i,j,k): hon tt hm s khng i xng Tensor.
? ?(x) : hm s bc. Tr v 0 nu x<0, ngc li tr v 1.
Hm s v ng cong (Curve Fitting)
Hm tuyn tnh
? slope(vx,vy) v intercept(vx,vy): hai hm ny c s dng chung vi nhau, nhng
hm ny tm ng thng cho ng vi b s liu khai bo.
Hm a gic
? regress(vx,vy,k): tm a gic cho ng vi b s liu khai bo.
? loess(mxy,vz,span): tm b th t a gic th hai cho ng vi b s liu k cn.
Hm Multivariate polynomial
? regress(Mxy,vz,k) : tm b mt ca hnh a gic cho ng vi b s liu khai bo.
? loess (Mxy, vz, span): tm b th t a gic th hai cho ng vi b s liu k cn.
? Hm Generalized
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? linfit(vx,vy,F): tm h s to thnh s kt hp tuyn tnh ca cc hm cho ng vi cc

im d liu.
? genfit(vx,vy,F): tm cc thng s to thnh hm s ch nh cho ng vi cc im
d liu.
Hm thng k v phn tch d liu
Cc hm phn tch d liu (Data analysis functions)
M t cc hm phn tch d liu nh mean, variance, standard deviation, kurtosis v
correlation.
Cc hm phn phi (Distribution functions)
M t cc hm gamma, error v nhng hm khc c kh nng thc hin vic phn phi.
Cc s ngu nhin (Random numbers)
M t cc con s ngu nhin c kch hot v cch p dng chng kch hot cc
con s ngu nhin thc hin vic phn phi.
Hm lp ph (Histograms):
M t cch nhn s phn b tn s ca d liu mu.
Phn tch tng hp (Combinatorcal analysis)
Tnh cc s hon v v tp hp
Hm s tnh giao im (Interpolation and prediction)
M t giao im ca ng tuyn tnh v khi.
Smoothing
M t mt s phng php lm phng d liu tp m.
Curve fitting
M t k thut trong php tnh hi quy, c tuyn tnh ln khng tuyn tnh.
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Gii phng trnh vi phn

Gii cc phng trnh vi phn
rkfixed(y x1,x2,npoints,D)
Cc h thng phng
Bulstoer(y,x1,x2,npoints,D)
Cc h thng Stiff
stiffb(y,x1,x2,npoints,D,J)
stiffr(y,x1,x2,npoints,D,J)
Cc h thng thay i chm
Rkadapt (y,x1,x2,npoints,D)
Tm im cui cng trong vng nh im (interval)
? bulstoer(y,x1,x2,acc,D,kmax,s)
? rkadapt(y,x1,x2,acc,D,kmax,s)
? stiffb(y,x1,x2,acc,D,J,kmax,s)
? stiffr(y,x1,x2,acc,D,J,kmax,s)
Gii quyt gi tr ti hai im
? bvalfit(v1,v2,x1,x2 xf,D,load1,load2,score)
? sbval(v,v1,v2,x2,D,load,score)
Gii quyt thnh phn trong phng trnh vi phn
? relax(a,b,c,d,e,f,u,rjac)
? multigrid(M,ncycle)
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Hm tm p n phng trnh
? find(x,y): tm n s ca phng trnh.
? minerr(x,y,...): tm p n tng ng ca h phng trnh.
? root(f(x),x): tm n s ca hm lng gic.
? lsolve(M,v): gii h phng trnh.
? polyroots(v): tm cc cn s ca t s c h nm trong v.
Hm chuyn i ring bit
? fft(v): tm chuyn i Fourier ca s liu gn trong Vc t v.
? ifft(u): hm nghch o ca fft. Tr v v nu u=fft(v).
? cfft(A): hm chuyn i Fourier ca s thc hoc phc trong mng A.
? icfft(B): hm nghch o ca ca cfft. Tr v A nu B=cfft(A)
? FFT(v): nhn dng fft ngoi tr nhng ton t v h s bnh thng khc.
? CFFT(A): nhn dng ifft ngoi tr nhng ton t v h s bnh thng khc.
? IFFT(u): nhn dng ifft ngoi tr nhng ton t v h s bnh thng khc.
? ICFFT(B) : nhn dng iccft ngoi tr nhng ton t v h s bnh thng khc.
? wave(v): chuyn i ring sng hiu ca s liu thc trong Vc t v.
? iwave (u): hm nghch o ca wave. Tr v v nu u=wave(v).
Hm bo li
? erf(x)
Hm s m v Logarith
? exp(z): s e tng theo bi s z.
? log(z,b): tnh gi tr logarit c s b ca z. Nu b qua khng khai bo b, s xem nh
tnh logarit c s 10 ca z (mc nh b=10).
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? ln(z): s log t nhin (log c s e) ca z.

Khai bo:
- z phi l mt tp hp (s thc, s phc hoc s o).
- z phi khng c nh hng.
- i vi cc hm log v ln, z khng th mang s zero.
- b l thnh phn ty chn, mang s dng. Nu c gp chung, b l mt tp hp. Nu
b qua b c xem nh 10.
- i vi s phc z, cc hm log tr v nhng gi tr t v chnh ca nhng hm ny,
ngc li:
ln(z)=ln(|z|) + i arg(z)
Khai bo loi hm s (EXPRESSION TYPE)
? IsScalar(x): tr v 1 nu x l mt tp hp, ngc li s tr v 0.
? isArray(x): tr v 1 nu x l Vc t hoc ma trn, ngc li tr v 0.
? sstring(x): tr v 1 nu x l chui, ngc li tr v 0.
Hm truy cp (FILE ACCESS FUNCTIONS)
? READPRN("File"): c mng s liu t tp tin d liu.
? WRITEPRN("file"): ghi mng s liu t tp tin d liu.
? APPENDPRN("file"): ni mng s liu t tp tin d liu.
? READRGB("file"): c tp tin nh mu.
? READBMP("file"): c tp tin hnh nh theo ch thanh xm.
? WRITERGB("file"): to tp tin nh mu.
? WRITEBMP("file"): to tp tin nh mu theo ch thang xm.
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Hm s ti u (FUNCTION OPTIMIZATION)
? minimize (f,var 1,var2,...): tm gi tr ti thiu.
? maximize (f,var1,var2,...): tm gi tr ti a.
Cc hm Hyperbol (HYPERBOL FUNTIONS)
sinh(z) cosh (z)
tanh (z) csch (z)
seach (z) coth (z)
Khai bo:
- z phi mang gi tr radians.
- z phi l mt tp hp.
- z khng c nh hng.
Hm nghch o Hyperbol (INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNTIONS)
asinh (z)acoth (z)
acish (z)acsch (z)
atanh (z)asech (z)
Khai bo:
- z phi l tp hp.
- z khng nh hng.
Hm lng gic o (INVERSE TRIG FUNTIONS)
asin (z)acsc(z)
acosh (z)asec (z)
atan (x,y)
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Khai bo:
- z phi l tp hp.
- z khng nh hng.
- x v y l nhng tp hp.
Nhng gi tr c tr v:
- asin(z), acsc(z), acosh(z), asec(z), atan(z): tr v gc theo radian gia / 2v / 2
khi z l s thc.
- atan2(x,y): tr v gc ( theo radian gia / 2v / 2 bao gm ) t trc x n
ng thng cha im gc (0,0) v ta (x,y).
- acos(z): tr v cc gc theo radian gia 0 v khi z l s thc.
Cc hm tip tuyn (INTERPOLATION FUNTIONS)
? Linterp(vx,vy,x): gi tr giao im ti x khi cc im trong vx, vy c ni vi nhau
bng nhng ng thng.
? Ispline(vx,vy): giao im ca cc im u cui ca nhng ng thng to thnh
khi. Tr v Vc t vs dng vi hm interp.
? pspline(vx,vy): giao im ca cc im u v cui ca nhng ng parabol to
thnh khi.tr v vc t vs dng vi hm interp.
? cspline(vx,vy): cc ng giao tuyn nhau trong khi. Tr v Vc t vs dng vi
hm interp.
? bspline (vx,vy,u,n): s giao tip ca cc ng B-spline to gc n a ra cc im
c ch nh bng nhng gi tr trong u. Tr v Vc t vs dng vi hm interp.
? interp(vs,vx,vy,x): tr v gi tr giao im ca qua cch dng nhng ng giao tip.vs
l Vc t c tr v t cc hm Ispline, pspline, cspline hoc bspline.
? predict (v, m, n): tr v nhng gi tr n c xc nh trc da theo cc thnh phn
nm trong v.
Cc hm ph (MISCELLANEOUS FUNTIONS)
? mod(x,y): tr li s d ca x chia y.
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? angle(x,y): gc t trc x n ta (x,y).

Hm v ph (HISTOGRAMS)
? hist (intervals,data): tr v ph ca d liu.
? Nu intervals l Vc t, tr v Vc t vi thnh phn ith l s im trong d liu data
nm gia ith v (i+1)th ca intervals.
? Nu intervals l mt tp hp (scalar), tr v vc t minh ha s im trong data nm
trong dy s ca khong cch u nhau c th hin bi intervals.
Khai bo:
- intervals l mt tp hp hoc mt vc t. Khi l tp hp, chng c trng bng nhng
con s vi khong cch u nhau vi nhng gi tr c cha trong data.
- Khi intervals l vc t ca nhng gi tr thc theo th t tng dn, cc gi tr th hin
nhng khong cch theo cc thnh phn c cha trong data.
- Data l Vc t ca gi tr s liu thc.
Hm lm trn s (Rounding a number)
? round(x,n): lm trn gi tr x theo s thp phn n. Nu b qua n, gi tr x s c lm
trn theo s nguyn gn nht (n c xem nh bng 0). Nu n<0 th x c lm trn
theo s thp phn n nm bn tri du thp phn. Lu rng x phi l tp hp s thc v
n phi l s nguyn.
V d:
Hm rt gn chui s (Truncation Functions)
? floor(x): tr v s nguyn ln nht.
? ceil(x): tr v s nguyn nh nht.
? trunc(x): tr v s nguyn ca x bng cch loi b phn phn s.
Khai bo:
- x l s thc.
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Lu : khi x dng hm floor v trunc tr v cng kt qu.

V d:
Cc hm chui (String Functions)
? concat(S1,S2): ni chui S2 vo cui chui S1. Tr v chui.
? error(S): tr v chui S v hin thng tin li.
? IsString(x): tr v 1 nu x l chui, ngc li tr v 0.
? Strlen(S): xc nh k t trong chui S. Tr v s nguyn.
? Search(S,Sub,S,x): tm v tr bt u ca chui ph SubS trong S, bt u t v tr x
trong S.
? Str2num(S): i chui s S thnh hng s.
? Num2str(x): i s x thnh chui.
? Str2vec(S): i chui S thnh Vc t ca m ASCII.
? Vec2tr(v): i cc Vc t ca m ASCII sang dng chui.
Cc hm ni suy (Cubic Spline Interpolation)
? cspline(vx,vy): tr v Vc t ngun th hai i vi d liu ca Vc t vx v vy.Vc t
ny s tr thnh i lng th nht ca hm interp. Kt qu s l khi ti cc im u
cui.
? pline(vx,vy): tng t nh hm cspline, ngoi tr kt qu c dng parabol ngay cc
im u cui.
? lspline(vx,vy): tng t nh cspline, ngoi tr kt qu l ng tuyn tnh ngay cc
im u cui.
? interp(vs,vx,vy,x): tr v gi tr giao im ca vy ti im x.
Khai bo:
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- vx l Vc t ca nhng gi tr d liu thc theo th t tng dn. Chng tng ng vi

gi tr x.
- vy l Vc t ca nhng gi tr d liu thc. Chng tng ng vi gi tr y. S thnh
phn tng t nh vx.
- v l Vc t c kch hot bi cspline, pspline, lspline.
- x l gi tr ca bin c lp m ngay s a ra kt qu giao thoa. i vi nhng kt
qu tt nht, nhng gi tr bin ny nn nm trong phm vi c a r t nhng gi tr
vx.
- hm cubic spline interpolation cho php bn chuyn ng cong qua cc im theo
cch ngun th nht v th hai ca ng cong c ko tip tc qua cc im k tip.
ng cong ny c tp hp bng cch ly ba im k nhau v to thnh khi chy
qua cc im . Khi a gic ny sau c ni li vi nhau to thnh ng cong
hon chnh.
cc hm hi quy
? slope(vx,vy): xin ca ng thng khp vi d liu trong vx, vy.
? intercep(vx,vy): ng giao tip va ng vi s liu trong vx, vy.
Khai bo:
- vx l Vc t ca nhng s liu thc i vi hm slope. Cc gi tr trong vx tng ng
vi cc gi tr x.
- vy l Vc t ca cc s liu thc. Nhng gi tr ny tng ng vi cc gi tr y. S
thnh phn ca vy cng tng t nh vx.
? Hm slope v intercep rt hu ch khi d liu k tha s tuyn tnh m cng c th p
dng cho cc hm s m.
? Cng thc ca ng thng va khp vi s liu ca vx v vy l y=mx+b l kt qu
t hm slope v b l kt qu t hm intercept.
(xem v d hnh 5.2)
V d:
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Hnh 5.2. Minh ho dng hm spline v hm intercept

Hm tuyn tnh kt hp (LINEAR COMBINATION OF FUNCTION)
? linfit(vx,vy,F): tr v Vc t cha cc h s c dng to s kt hp ca cc hm
tuyn tnh trong F vi d liu c nh trong vx v vy (hnh 5.3).
Khai bo:
- vx l Vc t ca cc gi tr d liu. Nhng gi tr ny tng ng vi gi tr x. cc thnh
phn phi c xp theo th t tng dn (c th dng hm sort).
- vy l Vc t ca cc gi tr d liu. Nhng gi tr ny tng ng vi gi tr y. S thnh
phn tng t nh vx.
- F l hm s tr v Vc t vi nhng thnh phn l hm s hnh thnh cc hm tuyn
tnh, hoc trong trng hp l hm tuyn tnh n. F l mt tp hp.
V d:
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Hnh 5.3. Minh ho dng hm linfit

? Genfit(vx,vy,vg,F): Vc t ang cha cc tham s to nn hm f(x) v cc tham s n,
u1un ca cc d liu trong vx v vy (hnh 5.4).
Khai bo:
- vx l Vc t ca cc gi tr d liu. Nhng gi tr ny tng ng vi gi tr x.
- vy l Vc t ca cc gi tr d liu thc v tng ng vi gi tr y. S thnh phn tng
t nh vx.
- vg l thnh phn Vc t n d on, hoc vg l mt tp hp trong trng hp n=1.
- F l hm s tr v Vc t n+1 ang cha hm f v nhng thnh phn ngun ca chng
tng ng vi cc tham s n. Khi n=1, F l tp hp.
- n l s nguyn.
V d:
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Hnh 5.4. Minh ho dng hm genfit

Hm tuyn tnh nh trc (LINEAR PREDICTION)
? predict(v,m,n): tr v Vc t vi nhng gi tr n c nh trc da theo cc thnh
phn m k nhau trong v (hnh 5.5).
Khai bo:
- v l Vc t vi cc gi tr mu c ly t nhng khong cch u nhau.
- m, n l cc s nguyn.
V d:
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Hnh 5.5. Minh ho dng hm predict

THAY I CC THAM S CHNG TRNH
Khi thao tc vi cc i tng ca chng trnh, c th thc hin theo ring ca mnh
bng cch chp nhn hoc thay i cc tham s ca chng trnh cho phu hp. thay
i cc tham s ca chng trnh, thc hin nh sau:
Trn thanh menu: chn Math/Options, xut hin hp thoi Math Options (hnh 5.6).
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Hnh 5.6. Hp thoi Math Options/Built-In Variables

? Chn th
(hnh 5.6): c th t cc gi tr tham bin mc nh ca
chng trnh theo hng dn sau y:
? Array Origin: kim sot cc tham s ORIGIN lp sn c trng cho vic lp ch s
cho cc phn t ca mng trong cng thc. Gi tr mc nh l khng 0.
? Convergence Tolerance: kim sot cc tham s TOL vi mc sai s ca cc s
nguyn v cc s dn xut t chng. Tham s ny cn kim sot di ca cc s
nguyn trong cc php tnh cn. Gi tr mc nh l 0.001.
? Constraint Toleranc: kim sot cc tham s CTOL vi mc sai s ca cc iu kin
rng buc khi gii bi ton bng ton t Slove. Gi tr mc nh l 0.001.
? Seed value for random numbers: thng bo cho hm to s ngu nhin bit s dng
th mt chui ngu nhin no . Gi tr mc nh l 1.
? Precision: kim sot cc tham s PRNPRECISION cho sn c trng cho cc con
s p dng khi vit tp tin m ASCII vi hm WRITERPRN hoc APPENDPRN. Gi
tr mc nh l 4.
? Column Width: kim sot cc tham s PRNCOLWIDTH lp sn c trng cho
rng cc ct trong tp tin m ASCII c lp bmg cc hm WRITERPRN hoc hm
APPENDPRN. Gi tr mc nh l 8.
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? Restore Defaults: tr v tt c gi tr mc nh ca chng trnh.

? Chn th
: t cc lnh lin quan n cch thc tnh ton cc gi tr trong
cng thc, biu thc, hm ca chng trnh (hnh 5.7).
? Recalculate Automatically: Mathcad t ng tnh ton li tt c cc kt qu v hnh
nh th hin din trn mn hnh mi khi bn thay i gi tr no n ca bin s.
? Optimize expressions befor calculating: Mathcad t ng ti u ho nh l n s lm
n gin ho biu thc bt k nm bn tri hay phi du gn ( ). Khi gi tr qu di
Mathcad s nh du vo vng s liu bng du hoa th ri thay vo s tnh theo dng
n gin hn. Khi mun quan st dng n gin, kch vo du hoa th.
Hnh 5.7. Hp thoi Math Options/Calculation

? Chn th
: chn n v tnh ton trong Mathcad (hnh 5.8).
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Hnh 5.8. Hp thoi Math Options/Unit System

? SI (International): s dng theo n v o lng quc t, h SI: meters, kilograms,
second, amps
? MKS: s dng n v o l meters, kilograms, seconds
? CGS: s dng n v o lcentimeters, grams, seconds
? US: s dng theo n v o lng ca M-Anh l feet, pounds, seconds
? None: loi b tt c n v o lng theo mc nh.
? Chn th
5.9).
: cha cc tn hng mc nh ngi s dng tu chn (hnh
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Hnh 5.9. Hp thoi Math Options/Dimensions

? Display dimensions: kch chn th hin cc kt qu qua cch dng cc tn hng
s c cp n trong phn Dimension Names thay v l mc nh.
? Dimension Names : khai bo cc tn hng vo cc khung n v c lin quan th
hin trong bng kt qu.
BI TP CHNG 5
1. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
a.
b.
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c.
d.
2. S dng hm if, linterp v input table tnh btk nh sau:

Cho Q=95 (m3 /s) ; i=0.0001 ; n=0.0225 , m=1.5 (hoc m=1.5) ; h=3(m)
+ Xc nh Rln =
Lp t s
h
Rln
nQ
4m0i
tm
b
Rln
h
Rln
3
8
vi m0 = 21 + m2 m
c tra trong bng sau:

b
Rln
m=1.25
m=1.5
0.8350.8580.8810.903 10.59110.0929.6439.237 11.30010.75910.2719.829

Tnh btk =
b
Rln Rln
1. Vit hm ni suy tm cng chu ko Ra ca thp cho trong bng sau:

Loi ct thp Ra (kG/cm2)
AI
2100
AII
2700
AIII
3600
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Ti gi tr gn loi ct thp, dng Hyperlink (dng Pop-up) gii thch cho ngi s
dng hiu l ch c th chn ct thp vi nhng loi trn.
73/163
V th
V TH X-Y
? to vng v (hnh 6.1) c th thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? T thanh cng c: chn Insert/Graph/X-Y Plot
? T thanh Math: nhp vo biu tng
? T bn phm: nhn @
Hnh.6.1 Vng th hin th

Trong khung trng nm di trc honh (trc x) nhp gi tr th mun da
theo. Gi tr ny l thang o xc nh trc . Nu khng xc nh trc,
Mathcad t ng xc nh thang o t -10 n 10.
Trong khung trng nm bn cnh trc tung (trc y), nhp biu thc mun v.
Lu :
- C th v th theo phng trnh bt k da theo phng trnh khc, chng c th
dng chung gi tr c lp. Ngoi ra cn th hin c nhiu ng biu din trn cng
mt th.
- Nu im v l gi tr phc hoc o, Mathcad s khng v ln nhng im ny. Khi
dng hm Re v IN ko phn phc hoc o ra ngoi.
V d:
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HIU CHNH TH
hiu chnh th c th thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? T thanh cng c:chn Format/Graph/X-Y Plot
? Nhp p vo th mun hiu chnh.
Xut hin hp thoi Formating currently selected X-Y Plot (hnh 6.2).
Hnh 6.2. Formating currently selected X-Y Plot

Trong khung thoi X-Y Axes
? Log Scale: trc c chn s c gi tr Logarith. Do gi tr trong thang o phi l
s dng (hnh 6.3).
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Hnh.6.3
? Grid lines: cc ng phn trn thang o ca trc chn s c thay bng khung ca
r mu xanh l cy (hnh 6.4).
Hnh 6.4
? Numbered: cc ng phn trn thang o ca trc chn s c nh s (hnh 6.5).
? Numbered: cc ng phn trn thang o ca trc chn s khng th hin s (hnh
6.5).
Hnh 6.5
? Auto Scale: Mathcad s t ng chia thang o da vo s liu im u v im cui,
bn cnh o th hin lun tr s im u v im cui bn tri thang chia (hnh 6.6).
? Auto Scale: Mathcad s ly gi tr im u v cui lm cn di v trn ca thang o
v d nhin cc im trn thang o c th l s khng chn (hnh 6.6).
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? Auto Scale ? Auto Scale

Hnh 6.6
? Show markers: thm mt hoc hai ng trc honh hoc trc tung trong th. Khi
chn, xut hin hai khung trng b sung theo trc. Gi s mun thm trc tung kch vo
mt trong hai khung trng nm di trc x v nhp gi tr mun bt u v ng
biu din (hnh 6.7).
? Show markers ? Show markers

Hnh 6.7
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? Auto Grids: s ng phn thang o s c chn t ng.

? Auto Grids: nhp s phn thang o vo khung gi tr Number of Girds. S nhp phi
l s nguyn t 2 n 99.
Axes Style Boxed, Crossed, None: kim sot xem cc trc c giao thoa vi
tm th, cnh y tri ca th hay chng xut hin tt c hay khng (hnh
6.8).
Hnh 6.8
? qual scales: cc thang o c phn bng nhau (Hnh 6.9).
Hnh 6.9
Trong khung thoi Traces
78/163
Hnh 6.10. Hp thoi Formatting Currently Selected X-Y Plot/Traces

? Legend Label: t tn cho ng biu din s hin theo phn ch gii (hnh 6.11).
? Symbol: th hin nhng im bng nhng biu tng nh hnh vung (box), ch thp
(+s), du nhn (xs)khi khng chn, mc nh ca n s l none.
? Hide legend ? Hide legend

Hnh 6.11
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? Line: chn la ng biu din phn bit vi nhng ng biu din khc cng
nm trong mt th.
Line
? Color: chn la mu sc cho ng biu din phn bit vi nhng ng biu din
khc cng nm trong mt th.
Color
? Type: chn loi ng biu din phn bit vi nhng ng biu din khc cng
nm trong mt th.
Type
? Weight: chn la dy mng ca ng biu din.

? Hide Arguments: du hm s v i s gia mi trc. Khi kch vo th n s hin
ra.
Trong khung thoi Labels (hnh 6.12)
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? Title: t tn cho hnh biu din trn th, khi phi chn
Bn c th t tn trn (
) hoc di th (
th hin.
).
? Axis labels: gn ch thch trn mi trc.

Gn ch gii trn trc honh (trc x)
Gn ch gii trn trc tung (trc y)
Hnh 6.12. Hp thoi Formatting Currently Selected X-Y Plot/Labels
V NHIU NG BIU DIN TRONG CNG MT TH

v nhiu ng biu din ch cn nh du phy , gia cc phng trnh trn tng
trc.
QUAN ST CC IM TRN NG BIU DIN

quan st to trn ng biu din thc hin nh sau:
81/163
Chn ng biu din cn quan st.

Trn thanh cng c : chn Format/Graph/Trace, hin hp thoi Trace.
? R chut vo ng biu din s xut hin to mun quan st.
V TH 3D
V th Contour (hnh 6.12)
? Xc nh Ma trn v, Ma trn phi c t nht hai dng v hai ct.
? To vng v thc hin theo cc cch sau:
? T thanh cng c: chn Insert/Graph/Contour Plot
? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+5
? t tn Ma trn trong khung trng.
V d:
Hnh 6.13
V th Surface (hnh 6.13)
? T thanh cng c: chn Insert/Graph/Surface Plot
? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+2
t tn Ma trn trong khung trng.
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Hnh 6.13
V th hnh thanh (hnh 6.14)
? T thanh cng c: chn Insert/Graph/3D Bar Plot
? t tn Ma trn trong khung trng.
V d:
Hnh.6.14
BI TP CHNG 6
1. To mt ma trn bng cc gi tr ca hm s: f(x,y) = x2 + y2
? Gn Mi,j = f(i,j) vi i, j chy t 1 n 5.
? V b mt ca Ma trn M (Surface Plot).
2. Cho mt dm n ngm 2 u chu ti trng phn b u c s liu nh sau:q = 0.5
, L = 5m
T
m
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Tnh v v biu momen theo cng thc sau:

M=
q L2
12
(1
6x
L
6 x2
L2
) vi x chy t 0 n L
3. Cho s liu mc nc 1 ngy (Thng 10) ti trm Cn Th nm 1984. V biu

triu tng ng vi bng di y:
84/163
Lp trnh
Cu iu kin if
Thc hin theo cc bc sau:
? Kch ngay bn phi khung nhp biu thc ni mun chn cu lnh if
? T thanh Math : Kch vo biu tng
1)
, xut hin hp thoi Programming (hn.h7.
Hnh 7.1. Programming

? Kch vo nt Add Line, xut hin ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT
SUPPORTED.***
? Ti v tr khung trng trn kch vo nt if (hoc t bn phm nhn Shift+]), ngay
bn phi khung nhp biu thc, nhp biu thc Boolean.
? Ti v tr khung trng di kch vo nt otherwise, g gi tr mun chng trnh
tr v nu kt qu iu kin l sai.
V d:
Lu : Nu s dng nhiu cu lnh if trc cu lnh otherwise th cu lnh
otherwise ch c thc hin khi tt c cc iu kin u sai.
85/163
CU LNH VNG LP (PROGRAM LOOPS)

Loop l lnh chng trnh c dng lm cho mt hay nhiu cu lnh (ni dung vng
lp) iu hot theo chu trnh cho n khi tho mn iu kin a ra. Trong Mathcad
c hai loi cu lnh lp:
Cu lnh for
? Cu lnh for : c p dng khi bn bit chnh xc s ln vng lp c thc thi.
thc hin vng lp for tin hnh theo cc bc sau:
? Kch ngay bn phi khung nhp biu thc ni mun chn cu lnh for
? Kch vo nt for trn thanh Math (hoc t bn phm nhn Ctrl+)
? Bn tri
g bin thay i, bn phi
nhp dy s chy
? Nhp biu thc vo khung trng bn di
V d 1: Tnh tng ca n s nguyn dng u tin

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V d 2: Tnh giai tha ca mt s

Cu lnh while
? Cu lnh while : c dng khi bn mun vng lp dng li theo iu kin hin
hnh nhng li khng bit chnh xc khi no iu kin xy ra.
Khi dng cc cu lnh lp, bn cn phi ct chng ra thnh tng quy trnh hoc kim
sot tnh hot ng ca cu lnh.
V d:
Cu lnh ngt break

? Cu lnh break : trong vng lp loop khi mun dng quy trnh iu hot cu lnh
lp.
Kch vo khung nhp chng trnh trong mun t cu lnh break
? Kch vo nt break trn thanh Math (hoc t bn phm nhn Ctrl+{)
Khi Mathcad bt gp cu lnh break trong phn thn ca vng lp for hoc while:
? Chu trnh lp s ngng s iu hot v tr v gi tr c tnh sau cng.
? Sau , chng trnh s tip tc iu hot ngay dng k tip ca chng trnh sau chu
trnh.
V d:
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Hin kt qu ca chng trnh return

? Cu lnh return : theo mc nh, chng trnh tr li nhng g nm trn dng cui
cng. Tuy nhin, c th tr li gi tr mt ni no trong chng trnh vi cu lnh
return.
chn cu lnh return, thc hin nh sau:
? Kch vo khung nhp chng trnh trong mun t cu lnh return
? Kch vo nt return trn thanh Math (hoc t bn phm nhn Ctrl+|)

V d:
? Trong vng trng bn phi cu lnh return, nhp nhng g bn mun tr v. Cc cu

lnh return rt hu dng khi bn mun tr v gi tr t vng lp.
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Tm li chng trnh
? Cu lnh on error : mun tr v gi tr cn gii quyt khi Mathcad bt gp li trong
chng trnh
chn cu lnh on error, thc hin nh sau:
? Kch vo khung nhp chng trnh trong mun t cu lnh on error
? Kch vo nt on error trn thanh Math (hoc t bn phm nhn Ctrl+)
? Trong vng trng bn phi cu lnh on error, nhp nhng g bn mun tr v.
? Trong vng trng bn tri cu lnh on error, nhp nhng g bn mun tr v nu biu
thc mc nh khng th tnh c. Dng nt lnh Add Line chn nhng khung
nhp lnh b sung.
V d:
? Biu thc bn phi s c tnh v c tr v nu khng c li xy ra. V nu c li

xy ra, biu thc bn tri s c tr v.
BI TP CHNG 7
1.
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Nhng kt d liu
I NT V THNH PHN
Nhng thnh phn (Components) cho php d liu lu ng gia bng tnh Mathcad v
cc ngun d liu hoc trnh ng dng khc. D liu a vo thnh phn t Mathcad
c gi l nhp (input). D liu a ra khi thnh phn c gi l xut (output).
Thnh phn nhp v xut c chuyn gia bng tnh Mathcad v thnh phn theo
phng cch Mathcad nhp v xut cc tham s.
Nhng bc c bn p dng vo thnh phn hon chuyn d liu vi Mathcad nh
sau:
? Chn thnh phn v ch nh cc tham s nhp v xut vo khung nhp d liu trng.
? Cu hnh thnh phn chng bit nhng g phi thc hin vi i tng nhp v
nhng g phi thc hin vi i tng xut.
? Do c mt s thnh phn ch nhn ring i tng nhp hoc xut, nhng bc ny
hi khc mt cht i vi cc thnh phn.
Sau khi chn thnh phn vo bng tnh Mathcad, in vo cc khung nhp s liu
trng v cu hnh cc thuc tnh, kch chut vo v tr bt k trong vng i tng. Ngay
im ny, d liu hon chuyn s thay th. Nhng thnh phn sau y c dng trong
Mathcad:
? Axum
? File Read/Write, dng c v ghi cc tp tin d liu
? Exel
? MATLAB
? Scriptable Object
C D LIU
Bn c th a d liu vo Mathcad bng cch du nhp chng t tp tin, c t tp tin
hoc dn t Clipboard. Nhng phng php ny lun lun to cc mng d liu. Bn
cng c th nhp d liu vo bng s liu nhp (input table) hoc mng.
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C D LIU T TP TIN D LIU

Khi mun c d liu t tp tin d liu trong Mathcad, c th dng thnh phn File
Read/Write. Thnh phn File Read/Write cho php thc hin vic ni vi tp tin d liu,
c d liu v gn d liu vo tham s ca Mathcad. D liu s t ng cp nht trong
Mathcad khi chng c thay i trong tp tin d liu.
Mun c d liu t tp tin d liu qua cch dng thnh phn File Read/Write
? Kch vo vng trng trong bng tnh.
? T thanh menu: nhn Insert/Component (hoc t thanh cng c : nhp vo biu tng
), xut hin hp thoi Component Wizard (hnh 8.1).
? T hp thoi Component Wizard chn File Read or Write v chn
hin hp thoi File Read or Write Wizard (hnh 8.2).
, xut
Hnh 8.1. Hp thoi ComponentWizard
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Hnh 8.2.File Read or Write Wizard

? Chn Read from a file v kch vo nt
3).
, xut hin hp thoi Wizard (hnh
Hnh 8.3.Wizard
92/163
T danh sch
mun c v nhp ng dn tp tin mun c
(hnh 8.3) chn loi tp tin
hoc kch vo nt
tm v
tr tp tin mun c.
? Kch vo nt
xut hin biu tng thnh phn File Read or Write v c
dn trong tp tin d liu (hnh 8.4).
Hnh 8.4
? Trong khung nhp d liu trng nm bn tri, nhp tn bin ca Mathcad mun gn
vo s liu mi thu nhp.
? Kch chut vo vng trng nm ngoi thnh phn trn, tp tin d liu tc khc c
c v d liu s c gn vo tham s Mathcad. Ngay lc ny c th x l cc tham s
theo mun. Mi ln x l bng tnh, Mathcad s c li d liu t tp tin chn
bng kch vo khung nhp d liu (hnh 8.4) v nhn Math/Calculate (hoc nhn F9).
V d:
c s liu t bng Excel (hnh 8.5) vo Mathcad.
Hnh 8.5
Kt qu:
93/163

DN D LIU T CLIPBOARD
Trong mt vi trng hp, mun d liu c cha trong bng tnh hoc trong cc trnh
ng dng khc, nhng khng mun du nhp hoc c d liu nh tp tin trong Mathcad.
Mun thc hin theo cch ny thc hin nh sau:
? Chn d liu trong trnh ng dng khc v dng lnh Copy chp d liu ca chng
trnh ngun .
? M chng trnh Mathcad, nhp phn xc nh bin nh ***SORRY, THIS MEDIA
TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** .
? Kch vo vng trng nm bn phi du gn v chn Paste dn d liu vo Mathcad.
V d:
Lu : Nu thc hin theo cch ny, khi thay i s liu ngun th s liu trong bng
tnh trong Mathcad khng thay i c.
NHP BNG S LIU (TABLE OF NUMBERS)
? Kch chut vo ni mun th hin bng tnh.
? T thanh menu: Chn Insert/Component (hoc trn thanh cng c : nhp vo
hin hp thoi Component Wizard (hnh 8.1).
? Chn Input Table v kch nt
, xut
, xut hin hp thoi Wizard (hnh 8.6).
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Hnh 8.6. Wizard

? Trong khung trng xut hin ni bn tri (hnh 8.7), nhp tn bin ca Mathcad mun
gn d liu.
Hnh 8.7
Nhp s liu vo cc .
Sau khi to mng s liu qua cch dng bng nhp, bn c th x l mng theo cc
hm v php tnh lp sn trong Mathcad.
Lu :
? Bn ch c th nhp cc con s vo bng, khng th nhp cc phng trnh ton hc.
? Trong mi dng phi nhp nhng gi tr d liu. Nu trng Mathcad t ng chn
gi tr khng 0 vo .
95/163
? Thay v nh d liu vo ca bng. Bn cng c th dn d liu vo bng nhp nu

bn chp d liu t trnh ng dng khc bng cch s dng lnh Paste Table.
V d:
CC HM LNH DU NHP TP TIN D LIU
READPRN(file): c d liu t tp tin d liu.
Khai bo:
? file tn tp tin hoc y ng dn c cu trc theo tp tin d liu ASCII.
? file c nhp theo dng chui.
WRITEPRN(file): Ghi mng d liu vo tp tin.
Khai bo:
? file c nhp theo dng chui.
APPENDPRN(file): Ni cc mng vo tp tin.
Khai bo:
? file nhp theo dng chui.
? S ct trong file phi khp vi s ct trong mng.
? file phi c sn trong th mc. Khng nh WRITEPRN, APPENDPRN khng th to
tp tin m ch ni cc tp tin c.
Lu :
WRITEPRN b tr tp tin ASCII theo dng v ct ging nh Ma trn gc. Theo mc
nh, APPENDPRN s ni bn c s trong cc ct c chiu rng tm con s.
thay i hin trng ny, t thanh Math chn Options v kch vo nt
96/163
trong hp thoi Math Options (hnh 8.8) thay i thnh phn PRNPRECISION v
PRNCOLWIDTH.
Hnh 8.8. Hp thoi Math Options
XUT D LIU
Sau khi dng Mathcad thc hin cc php tnh, bn c th xut hoc ghi li cc
kt qu thnh phn tin d liu hoc a cc kt qu vo Clipboard dn vo chng
trnh khc.
XUT D LIU SANG TP TIN
? nh du bng (=) hin kt qu ca bin. Nu cc kt qu hin theo dng Ma trn,
kch p vo Ma trn v dng khung thoi Result Format v thay i cc thnh phn
ca Table.
? Kch nt phi chut vo bng d liu xut th hin menu x.
? Chn Export hin khung thoi Write to File.
? Chn th loi tp tin mun to trong File of type. Dng khung thoi hin phn
trnh duyt mun to tp tin d liu vo th mc chn v nhp tn tp tin mun to.
sau , Open. D liu s xut sang tp tin ch nh.
Lu :
97/163
Nu d liu thay i v mun cp nht d liu trong tp tin, cn phi xut li d liu.
GHI D LIU VO TP TIN D LIU
Mun ghi cc gi tr t Mathcad vo tp tin d liu, bn c th dng thnh phn File
Read/Write. Thc hin nh sau:
? Kch vo im trng trong bng tnh.
? T thanh menu: nhn Insert/Component (hoc nhn vo biu tng
? Chn File Read or Write t danh sch v kch

. iu ny s chuyn bn
sang khung ca s hng dn File Read or Write Setup Wizard.
? Chn Write to a data source v kch
dn Wizard th hai.
chuyn n khung ca s hng
? T danh mc x File Format trong Wizard, chn loi tp tin d liu mun ghi.
? Nhp tn ng dn cho tp tin mun ghi hoc kch nt lnh
mun ghi tp tin.
tm v tr
? Kch nt
, xut hin biu tng thnh phn File Read or Write v ng
dn ca tp tin d liu.
? Trong khung trng hin bn di thnh phn, nhp tn ca bin Mathcad c cha d
liu s c ghi vo tp tin d liu.
? Khi kch nt chut vo bn ngoi khung nhp bin, cc gi tr trong tham bin ca
Mathcad s c ghi theo tp tin ch nh. Mi ln bn tnh li bng tnh, d liu s
li c cp nht.
TRAO I D LIU VI EXCEL
Cc thnh phn Excel cho php bn:
? Du nhp d liu t Mathacd vo tp tin Excel, kch p vo thnh phn Excel dng
cc lnh chc nng t Excel.
? Chuyn cc s liu t Excel vo Mathcad bng cch:
? Bo m l h thng ca bn l c ci chng trnh Microsoft Excel 7.0 hoc phin
bn cao hn, nhng khng nht thit phi iu hot.
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? Kch vo vng trng bng tnh. Nu bn mun xut cc s liu sang thnh phn t cc
bin xc lp trong bng tnh ca Mathcad, bo m l bn kch vo bn di hoc
bn phi ca thnh phn xc nh bin.
? Chn Insert/Component, xut hin hp thoi Component Wizard (hnh 8.6).
? Chn Excel t danh sch kch
. iu ny s chuyn bn sang khung ca s
hng dn Excel Setup Wizard. in vo nhng thnh phn trong khung thoi v kch
. Wizard s chuyn n cc khung thoi theo cc thnh phn chn.
? Khi kt thc, bn s thy phn Excel trong bng tnh vi khung nhp s liu cho cc
bin nhp v xut. Gn bin nhp vo khung nhp s liu nm di v nhp cc bin
xut vo khung nhp s liu nm bn tri du gn .
? Khi kch bn ngoi khung nhp liu, cc bin nhp s c chuyn t Mathcad sang
Excel v phm vi s c chuyn t Excel ngc v Mathcad gn cc bin xut.
Sau khi xc lp cc bin xut, bn c th x l chng theo cc hm lnh v php tnh
ca Mathcad.
V d: T Mathcad c s liu tc bng tnh Excel. Trong bng tnh Excel lp hm ni
suy cc h s A, B, D da vo tc, sau xut s liu ra bng tnh Mathcad.
BI TP CHNG 8
1. S liu trm A v B c nhp bng mt ma trn gi vo bng tnh Excel.
A
Trm Trm
Kxi Kyi Kxi-1 Kyi-1 (kxi-1)2 (Kyi-1)2 (Kxi-1)*(Kyi-1)
A(x) B(y)
STT Nm
1950 352
123
1951 456
354
1952 897
754
1953 123
100
1954 741
654
1955 963
845
xi/ yi/
xtb ytb
99/163
1956 741
632
1957 852
741
10 9
1958 369
256
11 10
1959 123
110
12
xtb= ytb=
T1=
T2=
T3=
a. Xut cc gi tr t bng Excel sang Mathcad:

xtb, ytb, T1, T2, T3
b. Tnh h s tng quan:
c. Kim tra:
Nu v n>9 : Trm A v Trm B c tng quan, ngc li khng tng quan.
100/163
MathCad ng dng (phn 1)

NG DNG TRONG TNH TON KT CU
Cho mt dm n gi hai u nh hnh 9.1. Tnh cc phn lc gi ti A v B.
Hnh 9.1
nh ngha:
101/163
102/163
Cho dm nh hnh 9.2. Tnh cc phn lc ti gi.

Hnh 9.2
Cho mt dm n gi hai u nh hnh 9.2. Tnh v v biu lc ct v moment
cho dm.

103/163
104/163
Cho s o ket cau ban ay cng (tnh theo phng phap dam ao) hnh
9.4
Hnh 9.4
Cho cac so lieu sau:
q=30kG/m ; l=10m ; M1=M2=300kGm
Giai:
105/163
106/163
NG DNG MATHCAD TRONG O C

Tnh ton b tr tim cu (hnh 9.5)
Hnh 9.5
S liu cho nh sau:
xA = 200.000m
- im khng ch A:
yB = 200.00m
{
xB = 378.31m
B:
yB = 340.02m
{
x1 = 400.000m
- im cn b tr 1 :
y1 = 400.00m
{
xc nh c im cn b tr cn xc nh c gc bng A1, B1
107/163
Phn tnh tnh ton c du bng lnh kho (lock).
Bnh sai ng chuyen kinh v khep kn
108/163
NG DNG TRONG TNH TON THU VN

Cho hai Trm Thu vn A v B nm trn cng mt con sng, c s liu nh bng
sau:
STT
Nm
109/163
123456789101112131415161718 19541955195619571958195919601961196219631964196519661
Yu cu:
Cho bit hai trm A v B c tng quan vi nhau hay khng?
Vit phng trnh tng quan gia 2 trm b sung s liu gia hai trm.
V ng tng quan gia hai trm.
Gii:
1. Nhp s liu:
2. Tnh ton
110/163
a. Kim tra iu kin tng quan
b. Vit phng trnh tng quan b sung s liu cho trm thiu
111/163
112/163
3. V ng thng tng quan
113/163
NG DNG MT S HM TRONG MATHCAD

? V biu triu
114/163
? Vit hm ni suy tm Rn v Ra ca Btng cho trong bng sau:

Mc Btng
Cng chu nn Rn, kG/cm2 Cng chu ko Ra, kG/cm2
150200250300 6.590110130
57.58.310
C nhiu cch ni suy tm Rn v Ra ca Btng, y xin nu ln 2 cch:

Cch 1:
115/163
Cch 2:
NG DNG TNH TON CA VAN

Xc nh v tr t dm chnh
116/163
117/163
118/163
MathCad ng dng - phn 2
119/163
120/163
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123/163
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130/163
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138/163
139/163
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158/163
Ph lc
PH LC 2
H N V SI
Base Units
M (meter), lengthA (ampere),
currentMole or mol, substance
Kg (kilogram), massK
(kenvin), temperature
s (second), timecd
(candela), luminosity
Angular Measure
Rad = 1 deg =
180 rad
Sr = 1.sr
Length
cm = 0.01.mft = 0.3048.mmi =
5280.ft
km = 1000.min =
2.54.cm
mm = 0.001.myd =
3.ft
Mass
gm = 0.001.kgmg =
0.001.gmoz = 1b
16
tonne = 1000.kgton =
2000.lb
lb = 453.59237.gmslug =
32.174.lb
Time
min = 60.syr = 365.2422.day hr = 3600.s day = 24.hr
Area, Volume
hectare = 10000.m2mL =
0.001.L
acre = 4840.yd2fl_oz =
29.57353.cm3
L = 0.001.m3gal =
128.fl_oz
Velocity, Acceleration
mph =
mi
hr
kph =
km
hr
G = 9.80665.
m
s2
159/163
Force, Energy, Power

N = kg. m2 kgf =
s
g.kgcal = 4.1868.JW
= Js
7
dyne = 10 5.NJ = N.mkcal = lbf = g.lberg = 10 .JBTU =
ft.lbf
1000.calkW = 1000.W
1.05506.103.Jhp = 550. s
Pressure, Viscosity
Pa =
N
m
in_Hg =
3.37686.103.Papoise = 0.1.Pa.s
psi =
lbf
in
torr =
1.33322.102.Pa
atm =
1.01325.105.Pastokes =
10-4. ms
Temperature
R = 0.556.K
160/163
Tham gia ng gp
Ti liu: Gio trnh MathCad
Bin tp bi: KS. Hunh Vng Thu Minh
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/c/dc3f6c61
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Gii thiu Mathcad 2001i
Cc tc gi: KS. Hunh Vng Thu Minh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/0d3a0ad8
Module: Nhp k t v cng thc trn Mathcad 2001i
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/251926ab
Module: MathCad vi i s v s hc
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/1444067e
Module: Vc t v ma trn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/fcba40b3
Module: Cc hm s trong Mathcad
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/b124380d
Module: V th
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/f5afc564
161/163

Module: Lp trnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/7defaeb0
Module: Nhng kt d liu
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/737e65eb
Module: MathCad ng dng (phn 1)
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/24d8f7ff
Module: MathCad ng dng - phn 2
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/80f64d5f
Module: Ph lc
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/b3e19732
162/163
Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam

Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (Vietnam Open Educational Resources
VOER) c h tr bi Qu Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca chng trnh l xy dng kho
Ti nguyn gio dc M min ph ca ngi Vit v cho ngi Vit, c ni dung phong
ph. Cc ni dung u tun th Giy php Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) 4.0
do cc ni dung u c th c s dng, ti s dng v truy nhp min ph trc
ht trong trong mi trng ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu sau cho ton x hi.
Vi s h tr ca Qu Vit Nam, Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (VOER) tr thnh
mt cng thng tin chnh cho cc sinh vin v ging vin trong v ngoi Vit Nam. Mi
ngy c hng chc nghn lt truy cp VOER (www.voer.edu.vn) nghin cu, hc
tp v ti ti liu ging dy v. Vi hng chc nghn module kin thc t hng nghn
tc gi khc nhau ng gp, Th Vin Hc liu M Vit Nam l mt kho tng ti liu
khng l, ni dung phong ph phc v cho tt c cc nhu cu hc tp, nghin cu ca
c gi.
Ngun ti liu m phong ph c trn VOER c c l do s chia s t nguyn ca cc
tc gi trong v ngoi nc. Qu trnh chia s ti liu trn VOER tr ln d dng nh
m 1, 2, 3 nh vo sc mnh ca nn tng Hanoi Spring.
Hanoi Spring l mt nn tng cng ngh tin tin c thit k cho php cng chng d
dng chia s ti liu ging dy, hc tp cng nh ch ng pht trin chng trnh ging
dy da trn khi nim v hc liu m (OCW) v ti nguyn gio dc m (OER) . Khi
nim chia s tri thc c tnh cch mng c khi xng v pht trin tin phong
bi i hc MIT v i hc Rice Hoa K trong vng mt thp k qua. K t , phong
tro Ti nguyn Gio dc M pht trin nhanh chng, c UNESCO h tr v c
chp nhn nh mt chng trnh chnh thc nhiu nc trn th gii.
163/163

Giáo Trình MathCad

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Giáo Trình MathCad

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Gio trnh MathCad

Gio trnh MathCad

Phin bn trc tuyn:

Gii thiu Mathcad 2001i

Khi ng Mathcad 2001i

Nhp vo nt Start/Mathsoft Apps/Mathcad 2001i professional.

Thot khi Mathcad 2001i

Hnh 1.1. Hp thoi Save As

Hnh 1.2. Hp thoi New

Hnh 1.3. Hp thoi Open

GII THIU GIAO DIN Mathcad 2001i

Thanh thc n (menu bar) ( hnh 1.4 )

Full Down menu

? Insert : Trong menu ny (hnh1.7) Mathcad cho php chn cc mc sau:

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***

Hnh 1.9. nh dng kt qu

Thanh cng c chun (Standard Toolbar) (hnh 1.15)

khc nh Word, Excel

Thanh nh dng (Formatting Toolbar) (hnh 1.16)

Thanh trng thi (Status bar) (hnh1.19 )

Hnh 1.20. Hp thoi Page Setup

? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+P.

Nhp k t v cng thc trn Mathcad

La chn thuc tnh cho k t

Hnh 2.1. Hp thoi Text Style

? Trong hp thoi Define Style : chn

, xut hin hp thoi Text Format (hnh

Hnh 2.3 Hp thoi Text Format

Hnh 2.4. Thanh Formatting Toolbar sau khi nh dng Style

Khi khung k t hin trn mn hnh

Hnh 2.5. Khung k t

? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+C.

? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+X.

? T bn phm: nhn t hp Ctrl+V.

? Mun file kt ni dng Pop-up th kch vo mc Display as pop-up document.

? Mun th hin ch thch thanh trng thi, nh vo mc Message that appears

Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi Insert Hyperlink

Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi Find

? Trong khung Find what nhp chui k t cn tm.

Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi Replace

Xut hin hp thoi Check Spelling (hnh 2.9)

Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi Check Spelling

Son tho ni dung trang tnh dnh lu tr c s d liu

NHP CNG THC

? Nhn phm Ins chuyn im chn sang tri.

? Trong khung trng hnh ch nht, nh con s tng ng vi bi s 10.

Bng k mt s t hp phm bm ca Mathcad

Tnh mt biu thc c

M hoc thot ca s gip

Phm Tt Cho Son Tho

Chn mt hng trng

Phc hi li son tho sau cng

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED. V d:

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED. V d:

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED. V d:

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED. V d:

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED. V d:

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED. V d:

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED. V d:

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED. V d:

SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED. V d: