EU Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Statistics 2011

ISSN 1977-2262
Pocketbooks
Agriculture, fishery
and forestry statistics
Main results 2010-11
2012 edition
Pocketbooks
2012 edition
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Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012
ISBN 978-92-79-25431-4
ISSN 1977-2262
doi:10.2785/3341
Cat. No KS-FK-12-001-EN-C
Theme: Agriculture and fisheries
Collection: Pocketbooks
European Union, 2012
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This publication has been produced by Units E1, Agriculture and

fisheries, E3, Environment and Forestry, E4, Regional statistics
and geographical information and F5, Education, health and social protection (food safety).
Authors:
Focus: Common Agriculture Policy: 50 years in 2012 Catherine
Coyette (Unit E1)
1. Agricultural Census 2010 Neli Georgieva, Carla Martins (Unit E1)
2. A
gricultural accounts and prices Marco Artico, Jean-Claude
Jeanty, RubenGarciaNuevo, Angelo Milella, Iulia Pop (Unit E1)
3. Agricultural products
Crop production Fausto Cardoso, Jean-Claude Jeanty,
Sorina Vju
Animal production Giovanni Dore, Jean-Claude Jeanty,
Pol Marquer (Unit E1)
4. Agriculture and the environment Annemiek Kremer,
Miroslav Kukucka, Elisabeth Rohner-Thielen (Units E1 and F5)
5. Economy of EU rural regions Pierluigi Brunori, Isabelle
Collet (Unit E4)
6. Fishery Melina Antuofermo, Annabelle Janssen, Friderike
Oehler (Unit E1)
7. F
orestry Rajmund Laczko, Csaba Mozes, Marlise WolfCrowther
(Unit E3)
Coordinator:
Catherine Coyette (Unit E1)
Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics
Introduction
Introduction
The pocketbook Agricultural Statistics presents selected tables and
graphs providing an overview on developments and the situation
in the agricultural sector of the European Union. The most recent
data are presented here (reference years 2010 and 2011, mostly)
showing the situation in the 27 Member States and at the European level (EU-27 aggregates) as well as in EFTA and Candidate
Countries when available.
This pocketbook, intended for both generalists and specialists, is
divided into eight parts.
As 2012 marks the 50th birthday of the Common Agricultural Policy
(CAP), for which Eurostat has been providing harmonised statistics
since the beginning, the preliminary chapter provides a selection of
long time series of harmonised agricultural statistics that were used
for the monitoring of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
Chapter 1 presents the results of the last agricultural census at
European level;
Chapter 2 covers the economy of the agricultural industry and
presents data on output and input values, income indicators and
main price trends;
Chapter 3 presents the most recent data on agricultural production
i.e. meat and milk production, cereals, main crops, fruit and vegetable
production and also some data on vineyards and olive trees;
Chapter 4 provides some important indicators related to the interaction between agriculture and the environment;
Chapter 5 presents data on the context of rural development,
making use of the urban-rural typology;
Chapter 6 gives an overview on fishery catches, landings of fishery
products, aquaculture production and fishing fleets;
Finally, chapter 8 provides a comprehensive overview of the most
recent data on Forestry.
More detailed data as well as methodological information can be
found on the Eurostat website at:
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home
This website offers free access to the Eurostats dissemination database, predefined tables, methodological documents and other
publications of Eurostat.
Table of contents
Table of contents
Introduction 4
Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy:
50 years in 2012
Farm structure
Land use
Crop production
Animal production
Agricultural accounts
12
14
14
16
19
1 Agricultural Census 2010 Structural data
21
Methodological notes
1.1Agricultural holdings
1.2Land use
1.3Livestock
1.4Economic size
1.5Labour force
1.6Organic farming
24
26
34
37
40
49
54
2 Agricultural accounts and prices
57
Introduction 59
2.1Agricultural income
60
2.2Final output
68
2.3Inputs
71
2.4Agricultural labour input
73
2.5Price indices
75
3 Agricultural Products
81
3.1Crop production
3.2Livestock and meat production
3.3
milk and milk products
83
100
108
4 Agriculture and the environment
115
4.1. Cropping and livestock patterns

4.2. organic farming
117
125
5 Economy of EU rural regions
129
Introduction 131
5.1The urban-rural typology
132
5.2Gross domestic product per inhabitant
in EU rural regions
135
Table of contents
5.3GDP per inhabitant by urban-rural typology
as compared with the national average
5.4GDP per inhabitant by urban-rural typology
as compared
with the EU average
5.5Trend of GDP per inhabitant
between 2000 and 2009
5.6Contribution of the value added
by urban-rural typology
5.7Contribution of the rural regions
to the gross value added
137
138
140
141
142
6 Fishery 145
6.1Total production
6.2Aquaculture production
6.3Catches
6.4Landings
6.5Fishing Fleet
148
150
153
158
162
7 Forestry and the wood-based industry
167
Introduction 169
7.1Macroeconomic indicators
170
7.2Forestry and logging
175
7.3The wood-based industry
184
Units, abbreviations and symbols used

Units
ha............................................................................hectare=10000 m
kg.............................................................................................. kilogram
KgOE.........................................................Kilograms of oil equivalent
KTOE............................................Thousandtonnes of oil equivalent
t.......................................................................................................tonne
Abbreviations
AEI..................................................... Agri-environmental indicators
AWU.........................................................................Annual work unit
EAA..............................................Economic accounts for agriculture
ESA.......................................................European System of Accounts
FADN............................................ Farm Accountancy Data Network
FAO.................. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FSS.................................................................... Farm Structure Survey
GHG.......................................................... Greenhouse Gas emissions
GIP........................................................Gross indigenous production
GNB.................................................................Gross Nitrogen Balance
GVA.......................................................................... Gross value added
GWP........................................................... Global Warming Potential
LD...............................................................................Livestock density
LSU.................................................................................. Livestock unit
LFS........................................................................Labour Force Survey
MS.....................................................................................Member State
NUTS........................Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics
OECD................Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OGA................................................................... Other gainful activity
SGM................................................................ Standard Gross Margin
UAA...............................................................Utilised agricultural area
EU................................................................................European Union
EU-27..................................... European Union of 27 Member States
EU-15..................................... European Union of 15 Member States
BE.............................................................................................. Belgium
BG.............................................................................................. Bulgaria
CZ..................................................................................Czech Republic
DK .......................................................................................... Denmark
DE.............................................................................................Germany
EE.................................................................................................Estonia
IE...................................................................................................Ireland
EL..................................................................................................Greece
ES.................................................................................................... Spain

FR................................................................................................. France
IT...................................................................................................... Italy
CY................................................................................................ Cyprus
LV.................................................................................................. Latvia
LT............................................................................................. Lithuania
LU.......................................................................................Luxembourg
HU............................................................................................ Hungary
MT..................................................................................................Malta
NL........................................................................................Netherlands
AT................................................................................................ Austria
PL..................................................................................................Poland
RO............................................................................................. Romania
PT.............................................................................................. Portugal
SI................................................................................................ Slovenia
SK.................................................................................. Slovak Republic
FI................................................................................................. Finland
SE.................................................................................................Sweden
UK.............................................................................. United Kingdom
IS.................................................................................................. Iceland
LI........................................................................................Liechtenstein
NO.............................................................................................. Norway
CH........................................................................................Switzerland
HR............................................................................................... Croatia
Symbols
c...................................................................................Confidential data
u......................................................................................Uncertain data
......................................................................................Not applicable
0.0 ............................................................ Less than half the unit used
:.......................................................................................... Not available
( ).....................Small sample size may affect the reliability of the data
Italic figures.................................................................Estimated values
Focus on the Common

Agricultural Policy:
50 years in 2012
Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012
The EEC Common Agricultural Policy, foreseen in the Treaty of

Rome, was enacted in 1962. 2012 marks the 50th anniversary of
this key element of European integration. The initial objectives of
the CAP were to improve agricultural productivity in order to provide affordable food to all European citizens and a fair standard of
living for farmers by means of guaranteed prices. During the past
50 years the CAP has seen several reforms. The support to agricultural products prices, leading to over-production of food products, evolved towards a greater market orientation. Taking also
the EU citizens concerns into account, the PAC also widened its
scope, focusing on environmentally-friendly farming, food safety,
animal welfare and rural development.
Agricultural statistics were designed to monitor the main objectives of the CAP since the late 1950s. Indeed, proper management
of the CAP required the availability of harmonised data on farm
structure, agricultural production, prices and income. Since then,
European decision-makers made use of Eurostat agricultural statistics to properly design, implement, monitor and evaluate the
different CAP programmes.
In order to ensure harmonisation and comparability of data between Member States, statistical surveys and regulations were designed and implemented over years, ensuring the use of common
definitions and methodologies among the Member States.
The first Community survey on the structure of agricultural holdings took place in 1966/67, soon followed by an agricultural census (full scale survey) in 1970/71. These surveys are still the basis
of the agricultural statistics system nowadays. Indeed, the last agricultural census took place in 2010 (see chapter 2).
Other legislative texts were put in place afterwards, covering surveys on agricultural sectors for which statistics were needed for
decision making (milk and milk products survey, crop products
survey, orchard survey, vineyard survey, etc.).
An overview of the current agricultural statistics legislation is
available on Eurostat website: Agricultural Satistics Legislation.
The figures presented in this chapter show how agricultural production has evolved in 50 years and how the European Union
became a major player at world level.
11
Farm structure
Table 1: Number of agricultural holdings, 1966-2010
(1000)
EC/EU(1)
BE(2)
1966/67
6 MS
1970
6 MS
1980
9 MS
1990
12 MS
2000
15 MS
2010
27 MS
6404.9
5888.3
5821.4
7993.0
6770.7
11966.4
214.8
184.0
115.1
85.0
61.7
BG
42.9
370.5
CZ
22.9
DK
122.7
81.3
57.8
42.1
1074.6
849.9
653.6
472.0
299.1
IE
223.5
170.6
141.5
139.9
EL
850.1
817.1
674.9
ES
1593.6
1287.4
989.8
DE
1246.0
EE
19.6
FR
1708.0
1587.6
1255.3
923.6
663.8
516.1
IT
2980.5
2849.9
2832.4
2664.6
2153.7
1620.9
CY
38.9
LV
83.4
LT
199.9
LU(2)
8.6
7.6
5.2
4.0
2.8
HU
MT
NL
2.2
576.8
12.5
247.0
184.6
148.7
124.8
AT
101.6
72.3
199.5
150.2
PL
1506.6
PT
598.7
416.0
RO(2)
305.3
3859.0
SI
74.7
SK
24.5
FI
81.2
SE
81.4
71.1
233.3
186.7
UK(2)
268.6
243.1
63.9
(1) EC/EU: aggregate calculated for the countries being Member States in the reference year.
(2) 2010: provisional data for BE, LU, RO, UK.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: ef_kvecsleg and ef_ov_kvaaesu and historical data)
12
Table 2: Total labour input, 1966-2010

(1000 AWU)
EC/EU(1)
BE(2)
1966/67
6 MS
1970
6 MS
1980
9 MS
1990
12 MS
2000
15 MS
2010
27 MS
10120.0
7461.0
7599.2
8024.3
6352.7
9736.1
272.0
189.0
124.0
93.5
74.1
BG
61.6
406.5
CZ
108.0
DK
122.7
95.2
66.5
52.3
1611.0
850.2
1030.0
617.6
545.5
223.5
249.7
168.5
165.4
EL
998.9
680.3
587.5
404.3
ES
1143.4
1077.7
889.0
DE
2330.0
EE
25.1
IE
FR
3032.0
2369.0
1255.3
1256.5
949.4
779.7
IT
4127.0
2990.0
2832.6
1924.0
1364.9
953.8
CY
18.6
LV
85.2
LT
146.8
LU(2)
17.0
12.0
5.2
6.3
4.5
HU
3.7
423.5
MT
NL
4.9
342.0
290.0
148.8
225.0
AT
205.1
181.9
PL
PT
161.7
114.3
1897.2
769.4
846.9
524.2
RO(2)
363.4
1610.3
SI
76.7
SK
56.1
FI
102.6
SE
74.2
56.9
354.3
266.3
UK(2)
268.6
473.7
59.7
(2) 2010: provisional data for BE, LU, RO, UK.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: ef_kvecsleg and ef_ov_kvaaesu and historical data)
13
Land use
Figure 1: Utilised agriculture area (UAA) and total area in EC / EU(1),
1962-2010
(1000 ha)
450 000
400 000
350 000
300 000
250 000
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
1962
1970
1980
1990
Total land area
2000
2010
UAA
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_cpp_luse);
Crop production
Figure 2: EC / EU(1) harvested production of main cereals,
1962-2010
(1000tonnes)
160 000
140 000
120 000
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0
1962
Wheat
1970
1980
Barley
1990
Maize
2000
2010
Rye and maslin
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_cpp_crop);
14
Figure 3: Share of wheat production between main world

producers, 2010
(%)
Rest of the world

17 %
Ukraine
3%
Turkey
3%
Australia
3%
Canada
4%
Pakistan
4%
Russian Federation
6%
USA
9%
EU-27
21 %
China
18 %
India
12 %
Source: Eurostat (online data code apro_cpp_crop) and FAO
Figure 4: Share of wheat production between main world

producers, 1962
(%)
Rest of the world

21 %
Spain
2%
Argentina
2%
USSR
27 %
Australia
3%
Turkey
3 % India
5%
Canada
6%
USA
12 %
China
7%
EU-6
12 %
Source: Eurostat (online data code apro_cpp_crop) and FAO
15
Animal production
Table 3: Apparent yield from cows milk collection, EC / EU(1),
1970-2011
(kg/dairy cow/year)
1970
6 MS
1980
9 MS
1990
12 MS
2000
15 MS
2010
27 MS
2011
27 MS
EC / EU(1)
2809.5
3623.8
4236.1
5733.0
5859.0
6051.0
BE
2656.0
3139.1
3791.7
4963.5
5924.3
6077.2
BG
1748.9
1626.5
CZ
6172.1
6324.5
DK
4612.6
5906.4
7018.6
8408.4
8267.7
3273.7
3725.2
5912.9
6853.4
7002.0
6466.3
6534.0
3144.5
3984.3
4476.1
5187.0
5245.9
EL
2207.0
3088.9
4777.8
4907.7
ES
2857.1
4762.4
6899.3
7456.1
DE(2)
2826.7
EE(2)
IE
FR
2409.7
3500.1
4580.9
5605.7
6283.2
6690.3
IT
2133.8
2652.9
3763.5
5690.7
5960.7
5846.2
CY
6453.0
6348.5
LV
3808.7
4034.1
LT
3552.0
3768.2
6130.4
6314.6
5531.4
5155.4
LU
3258.1
3665.2
4625.9
5871.6
HU
MT
NL
4080.0
4885.4
5601.5
6887.1
7658.8
7730.7
4275.4
5220.6
5506.3
3554.2
3800.3
7500.0
7590.9
AT
PL
PT
3768.4
5266.4
RO
764.5
797.5
SI
4739.7
4821.3
SK
FI
SE
UK
3656.3
4720.5
5033.4
5022.0
5262.8
6823.1
8051.4
8010.7
7743.1
8204.2
8199.1
5956.4
7354.6
7668.9
(2) DE 1970 and 1980 and Estonia 2010: estimated data.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: apro_mk_cola and apro_mt_lscatl)
16
Figure 5: Share of cows milk production between main world

producers, 2010
(%)
EU-27
23 %
Rest of the world

29 %
Ukraine
2%
Pakistan
2%
Turkey
2%
New Zealand
3%
Brazil
5%
USA
15 %
China
6%
India
8%
Russian
Federation
5%
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mk_cola) and FAO
Figure 6: Share of cows milk production between main world

producers, 1970
(%)
USSR
23 %
Rest of the world

26 %
Turkey
2%
New Zealand
2%
Brazil
2%
Australia
2%
Canada
2%
EU-6
20 %
India
2%
USA
15 %
Poland
4%
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mk_cola) and FAO
17

Figure 7: Slaughterings of bovine animals in EC / EU(1)
(young and adult cattle)
(1000tonnes, 1000 heads)
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
1964
1970
1980
1990
1 000 T
2000
2010
2011
1 000 heads
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: apro_mt_pann and apro_mt_pheadm)
18
Table 4: Agricultural income indicator (indicator A), 1977-2011
(2005=100)
1977
9 MS
1980
9 MS
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011

10 MS 12 MS 15 MS 15 MS 25 MS 27 MS 27 MS
EC/EU(1)
106.1
105.7
100.0
111.5
119.1
BE
100.2
116.3
129.5
101.9
119.1
100.0
141.1
109.3
BG
100.0
123.5
152.2
CZ
100.0
129.3
160.0
DK
81.3
77.1
112.4
106.3
124.4
104.9
100.0
113.8
136.7
DE(2)
64.0
90.1
100.0
113.2
128.7
EE(2)
100.0
156.9
188.7
IE
65.5
87.1
98.3
100.0
79.6
101.5
EL
131.5
117.8
100.0
83.5
78.9
ES
88.7
98.3
104.4
100.0
99.0
97.5
FR
70.8
72.6
74.5
94.8
108.3
110.2
100.0
116.0
113.7
IT
107.7
101.2
101.3
116.1
117.9
100.0
79.9
88.7
CY
100.0
92.0
93.5
LV
100.0
134.5
148.0
LT
100.0
120.8
144.8
LU
93.8
115.7
112.4
110.8
100.0
61.5
76.7
HU
100.0
123.2
183.8
MT
100.0
89.9
77.3
NL
170.6
147.3
127.0
100.0
112.7
102.6
AT
95.4
89.6
100.0
106.5
123.7
PL
100.0
161.7
175.9
PT
95.0
113.9
107.6
100.0
96.6
86.7
RO
100.0
87.7
137.5
SI
100.0
100.9
106.0
SK
100.0
114.4
133.9
FI
99.2
94.5
100.0
129.0
121.7
SE
80.3
73.2
86.5
80.2
81.8
100.0
122.4
123.9
UK
113.0
92.4
90.9
92.8
137.4
78.8
100.0
138.8
150.4
Source: Eurostat (online data code: aact_eaa06);
Indicator A is the index of the real income of factors in agriculture

per annual work unit.
19
Agricultural Census 2010

Structural data
Agricultural Census 2010 Structural data
The Farm Structure Survey provides harmonized data on the on

the structure of agricultural holdings in the European Union, in
particular on land use, livestock and farm labour force. Every ten
years since 1970 a basic survey is carried as an agricultural census.
Three intermediate surveys are conducted between two basic ones,
i.e. with an interval of two or three years. They are conducted as
sample surveys in most of the MS.
In this years edition of the pocket book the focus is on the results
of the 2010 FSS, giving an overview of the main characteristics of
the European agriculture structure, and comparing the national
results of the Agricultural Census.
FSS 2010 was the first Agricultural Census to be carried out simultaneously in all EU-27 Member States, Norway and Switzerland.
In Croatia the FSS 2010 was carried out as a sample survey. The
FSS 2010 national surveys cover 98% of Utilized Agricultural Area
(UAA) and 98% of the livestock in each country.
A threshold is defined under which a unit is too small to be counted as an agricultural holding (e.g. 1hectares of UAA, a minimum
of 5 pigs, 50 m2 under glass or 100 m2 under vineyard). Each Member State defines its own set of thresholds in order to meet the
targeted coverage. This means that the smallest farms (under the
threshold) are not surveyed.
To obtain the 98% coverage of the UAA and the Livestock most
countries set the threshold to include farms with a UAA over 1 ha.
The Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the United
Kingdom are exceptions, having set the thresholds to the maximum allowed in the FSS 2010: 5hectares.
23
The methodological notes help the reader to understand the specific concepts and assumptions used, and explain the limitations
of the figures provided. For methodological information in greater
depth, please check the legal basis and/or the national methodological reports provided by the MS(1).
The basic statistical unit underlying the Farm Structure Survey (FSS) is the agricultural holding. A holding is defined as a
techno-economic unit under single management engaged in agricultural production (including the maintenance of land in good
agricultural and environmental condition).
The utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total arable land, permanent grassland, land used for permanent crops and kitchen gardens. The UAA excludes unutilised agricultural land, woodland
and land occupied by buildings, farmyards, tracks, ponds, etc.
For certain purposes, the various categories of livestock, e.g. piglets, breeding sows and other pigs, have to be aggregated. The
coefficient used for this is known as the Livestock Unit (LSU).
It is related to the feed requirements of each individual animal
category. For example, 1 LSU corresponds to one dairy cow or
10 sheep(2).
The farm labour force includes all persons having completed their
compulsory education (i.e. having reached school-leaving age) who
carried out farm work on the holding during the 12 months up to
the date of the survey. The figures include the holders, even when
not working on the holding. Taking into account the considerable
degree of part-time work in agriculture and opportunities for parttime work in other sectors of the economy, information on employment in agriculture is given in annual work units. An Annual Work
Unit (AWU) is equivalent to full-time employment. One AWU corresponds to the work performed by a person engaged in full-time
agricultural work on the holding over a 12-month period. The annual working time of such a worker is 1800 hours (225 working
days of 8 hours per day), unless there are different specific national
provisions governing contracts of employment. The FSS covers family (holder and member of the holders family), non family labour
force (regular and non regular) and also contractual work (workers
not directly employed by the holding).
( 1) http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/farm_structure_survey/methodology/
national_methodological_reports
(2) http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Livestock_unit_(LSU)
24
The economic dimension of the holdings is measured using standard output. For each activity on a farm (e.g. wheat, dairy cows or
vineyard), a standard output (SO) is estimated. The SO is the average monetary value of the agricultural output at farm-gate price, in
euro per hectare or per head of livestock and by region. The sum
of all the outputs, for all activities of a given farm, is referred to as
the economic size of that farm.
From the FSS 2010 onwards the economic size is the SO of the
farms is expressed in Euro(3).
At the time of publication only provisional data were available for
Belgium, Greece, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom.
(3) http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:SO
25
1.1 Agricultural holdings

Key figures
Table 1.1.1: Key farm variables, EU-27, 2010
Number
of holdings
UAA
LSU
Labour
Force(2)
(1000)
(1000 ha)
11966.4
171428.5
133992.9
9736.1
42.9
1358.0
3798.7
61.6
BG
370.5
4475.5
1149.5
406.5
2536.7
CZ
22.9
3483.5
1722.5
108.0
DK
42.1
2646.9
4919.4
52.3
DE
299.1
16704.0
17792.6
545.5
EE
19.6
940.9
306.3
25.1
594.6
IE
139.9
4991.4
5787.4
165.4
4297.7
EL(1)
674.9
3302.1
2288.5
404.3
6326.6
ES
989.8
23752.7
14830.9
889.0
34173.1
FR
516.1
27837.3
22674.2
779.7
50733.2
IT
1620.9
12856.1
9911.5
953.8
49460.3
CY
38.9
118.4
200.8
18.6
458.9
LV
83.4
1796.3
474.6
85.2
777.2
LT
199.9
2742.6
900.1
146.8
1526.3
EU-27
BE(1)
LU(1)
(1000 LSU) (1000 AWU)
(million )
269899.3
3852.2
84308
41494.1
2.2
131.1
167.7
3.7
HU
576.8
4686.3
2483.8
423.5
5241.0
MT
12.5
11.5
41.7
4.9
95.9
NL
72.3
1872.4
6711.5
161.7
18930.0
AT
150.2
2878.2
2517.2
114.3
5879.3
PL
1506.6
14447.3
10377.2
1897.2
18987.1
PT
305.3
3668.2
2206.0
363.4
4639.7
RO
3859.0
13306.1
5444.2
1610.3
10420.3
SI
74.7
482.7
518.5
76.7
913.2
SK
24.5
1895.5
668.3
56.1
1731.0
FI
63.9
2291.0
1121.1
59.7
3097.6
SE
71.1
3066.3
1751.9
56.9
3733.3
186.7
15686.4
13227.3
266.3
46.6
1005.9
1229.3
46.4
3156.2
CH
59.1
1047.8
1793.8
96.0
5717.1
HR
233.3
1316.0
1020.2
184.5
2114.7
UK(1)
NO
(1) BE, EL, LU, UK: provisional data.

(2) Labour force directly employed on the farm.
(3) Data for BE, LU and UK not included.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_kvftaa)
26
Standard
Output(3)
Figure 1.1.1: Number of Agricultural Holdings by country,

EU-27, 2010
Others
7%
UK
12 %
RO
32 %
IT
13 %
ES
8%
PL
13 %
LT
2%
DE
2%
PT
3%
BG
3%
FR
4%
HU
5%
EL (1)
6%
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_kvftaa)
The Agricultural Census 2010 surveyed close to 12 million farms

in the EU-27.
These farms covered around 170 million hectares (1.7 million
km2) of UAA. This means that the UAA occupied slightly over
40% of the EU-27 territory.
The total number of livestock in EU-27 in 2010 was 134 million
livestock units.
The farm work in the agricultural holdings added up to 9.7 AWU
in the EU-27 countries, which corresponds to 9.7 million people
working full time.
The holdings from Romania (32%) and Italy (14%) made up for
46% of the total number of the EU-27 holdings.
Of the total EU-27 holdings 49% had less than 2hectares. There were
325 thousand holdings (3%) with a UAA of at least 100hectares.
The distribution of the UAA was not homogeneous within the UAA
size classes. 49% of the EU-27 smaller farms had less than 2hectares
and represented 2% of the total UAA. 3% of the largest farms (with
at least 100hectares) had 50% of the share of the total EU-27 UAA.
The results of the FSS 2010 show that a quarter of the farms were
specialists in field crops which includes cereals, industrial crops,
and vegetables. 20% of the EU-27 farms specialized in permanent
crops and in third place, with 15%, were the farms which concentrate their activity on grazing livestock.
27
28
Total
EU-27
11966440
0 ha
258100
< 2 ha
2 - 4.9 ha
5 - 9.9 ha
10 - 19.9 ha
20 - 29.9 ha
30 - 49.9 ha
50 - 99.9 ha
5608460
2407420
1303040
900530
377580
395210
391350
47%
20%
11%
100 ha
324840
% of total
100%
2%
8%
3%
3%
3%
3%
BE(1)
42850
950
4270
4450
5190
6800
5080
7090
6780
2260
BG
370490
13150
294960
30390
10730
6820
2950
3060
2930
5490
CZ
22860
290
1980
1260
4180
3950
2060
2310
2420
4420
DK
42100
1590
520
950
8050
7790
4310
4900
5920
8080
DE
299130
1410
14260
11690
47310
63160
30970
45100
51620
33620
EE
19610
150
2210
4250
4070
3470
1480
1170
1090
1720
IE
139890
130
2210
7380
15750
33580
24690
30670
20760
4720
EL(1)
674880
5910
338430
172650
83390
43430
14020
10370
5240
1440
ES
989800
22500
270280
232800
141850
110960
53010
54730
52470
51190
FR
516100
9490
66580
62690
46640
50150
33280
55240
97780
94250
IT
1620880
5290
819360
357670
186150
120120
46690
40920
29210
15490
CY
38860
490
28710
5620
2030
1010
370
290
220
120
LV
83390
320
9590
18390
22660
17490
5670
3950
2740
2570
LT
199910
260
32310
84830
39900
21470
6640
5870
4830
3800
2200
20
200
160
220
170
120
240
640
440
LU(1)
Table 1.1.2: Number of holdings by size of the holding (UAA), 2010
Table 1.1.2: Number of holdings by size of the holding (UAA), 2010 (cont.)
0 ha
< 2 ha
2 - 4.9 ha
5 - 9.9 ha
10 - 19.9 ha
20 - 29.9 ha
30 - 49.9 ha
50 - 99.9 ha
100 ha
576810
42790
412740
46060
26540
19430
7950
7440
6410
7450
MT
12530
340
10790
1120
230
40
10
NL
72320
1700
8000
11000
10260
10820
7540
11680
9130
2210
AT
150170
1080
16160
30220
26590
32590
17110
15150
8430
2850
PL
1506620
7960
355220
468200
334950
218510
59970
35310
16840
9650
PT
305270
1400
152460
77060
33170
18980
6420
5320
4360
6110
RO
3859040
134710
2731730
727390
182440
43610
9730
8210
7480
13730
SI
74650
190
20280
24920
17440
8350
2020
970
380
100
SK
24460
740
8720
6290
2660
1630
730
700
780
2210
FI
63870
400
1440
4340
7970
13340
9730
12000
10840
3820
SE
71090
740
560
7630
15820
14180
7140
8030
9070
7930
186660
4100
4490
8010
26850
28680
17890
24490
32980
39170
NO
46620
1790
1050
3410
8110
13440
8440
6860
3020
500
CH
59070
1340
3840
4880
9330
19350
11400
6980
1830
120
HR
233280
230
122560
55430
30240
13880
4330
3470
2290
850
UK(1)
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_kvage)
Total
HU
29
30
(ha)
EU-27
% of EU-27
BE(1)
Total
171428450
100%
1358020
0 ha
0
0%
0
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(1)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU(1)
HU
MT
NL
4475530
3483500
2646860
16704040
940930
4991350
3302070
23752690
27837290
12856050
118400
1796290
2742560
131100
4686340
11450
1872350
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
< 2 ha
4177570
2%
4290
144180
1820
350
14250
2920
2520
286120
297220
62450
726990
18980
9410
46590
120
138000
5970
8500
2 - 4.9 ha
7598640
4%
14870
90450
3990
3410
39750
14100
26620
541490
736800
204860
1119850
17390
63030
266010
570
142670
3290
37130
5 - 9.9 ha
9130130
5%
37630
72700
29390
57640
343950
29300
119420
573830
995440
332500
1295300
13890
161620
276810
1560
183910
1540
73990
10 - 19.9 ha
12633670
7%
98990
20 - 29.9 ha
9204690
5%
125130
92450
55590
112080
945800
48690
500780
593150
1558920
718070
1663480
13980
242980
296010
2450
268840
460
156970
70040
49780
105960
769910
35970
610160
336460
1289320
818870
1128980
8860
137190
160600
2990
190290
160
187280
30 - 49.9 ha
15279510
9%
276030
50 - 99.9 ha
27435730
16%
466910
100 ha
85968530
50%
334160
116180
88400
190590
1765110
45050
1192450
388810
2101770
2186620
1556920
10960
150570
228090
9850
282690
0
457410
201670
169360
426090
3628400
76210
1389390
341840
3683770
7059970
1994070
14570
187680
328410
47540
445860
:
607980
3687860
3085160
1750750
9196880
688710
1150010
240370
13089450
16453960
3370460
19770
843790
1140040
66030
3034080
:
343090
Table 1.1.3: Utilised agriculture area (UAA) by size of the holding (UAA)
Table 1.1.3: Utilised agriculture area (UAA) by size of the holding (UAA) (cont.)
(ha)
Total
2878170
14447290
3668150
13306130
482650
1895500
2290980
3066320
15686440
1005940
1047800
1316010
0 ha
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_kvage)
< 2 ha
19060
474910
157430
1718360
21900
9270
990
340
4630
1000
3980
100680
2 - 4.9 ha
98840
1529270
239600
2229930
82460
19120
16410
29310
27420
12390
17230
177470
5 - 9.9 ha
194040
2387340
230340
1210510
122320
18150
59550
112930
194530
60470
70570
208860
10 - 19.9 ha
471340
3010790
262130
571390
113120
22860
197000
202680
412670
197200
286320
188580
20 - 29.9 ha
418800
1447360
155070
233850
48480
17540
240580
175130
439930
206320
278000
103090
30 - 49.9 ha
579310
1331720
202820
315400
36150
26650
465950
313200
960810
259100
259710
132300
50 - 99.9 ha
568470
1145010
303090
518300
25350
55430
746910
643730
2359720
199800
115320
154230
100 ha
528300
3120900
2117670
6508390
32880
1726490
563590
1589000
11286740
69660
16670
250790
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK(1)
NO
CH
HR
31
32
(1000 holdings)
EU-27(1)
% of EU-27(1)
BE(2)
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(2)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU(2)
HU
MT
1-Specialist
field crops
2-Specialist
horticulture
2935.1
25%
:
63.4
7.0
17.3
72.8
6.8
14.4
128.6
204.2
133.6
383.8
2.6
31.7
56.7
:
119.5
3.9
234.3
2%
:
18.2
0.3
0.9
8.3
0.6
0.2
12.8
35.6
16.1
37.8
1.2
0.4
6.0
:
9.8
1.5
Main farmtype (1-digit) based on Standard Output

3-Specialist
4-Specialist
5-Specialist
6-Mixed
7-Mixed
permanent
grazing livestock granivores
cropping
livestock
crops
2392.7
1762.0
1388.8
503.9
777.6
20%
15%
12%
4%
7%
:
:
:
:
:
32.1
88.6
28.6
14.6
50.2
2.5
7.9
0.5
0.3
0.7
2.0
11.5
3.5
1.0
0.3
23.5
130.9
19.4
3.8
10.7
0.3
4.8
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.1
121.6
0.7
0.1
0.3
387.9
46.4
5.1
37.1
6.4
482.9
132.7
26.0
45.3
12.6
92.6
182.2
20.7
13.0
12.2
891.4
129.5
9.4
105.5
4.2
27.1
2.1
0.9
2.5
0.2
1.2
22.4
3.0
1.2
4.8
1.5
41.3
1.3
29.6
18.8
:
:
:
:
:
85.5
24.0
207.1
16.3
16.0
0.9
1.2
0.6
0.9
0.1
8-Mixed crop- 9-Non-classifialivestock

ble holdings
1502.7
13%
:
73.8
3.7
4.5
29.4
2.4
2.4
45.6
33.2
43.5
35.6
1.9
11.1
41.7
:
78.6
0.3
238.0
2%
:
1.0
0.1
1.2
0.5
3.5
0.1
5.0
17.4
2.1
23.8
0.3
7.7
3.2
:
19.9
3.1
Total(1)
11734.7
100%
42.9
370.5
22.9
42.1
299.1
19.6
139.9
674.9
989.8
516.1
1620.9
38.9
83.4
199.9
2.2
576.8
12.5
Table 1.1.4: Number of holdings by farm type, 2010
Table 1.1.4: Number of holdings by farm type, 2010 (cont.)

(1000 holdings)
2-Specialist
horticulture
12.0
36.9
608.5
28.3
916.1
12.8
8.5
36.8
29.3
:
13.1
4.4
42.4
10.2
1.4
36.0
8.8
23.9
0.5
0.2
2.4
1.0
:
1.0
1.4
1.2
Main farmtype (1-digit) based on Standard Output

3-Specialist
4-Specialist
5-Specialist
6-Mixed
7-Mixed
permanent
grazing livestock granivores
cropping
livestock
crops
1.8
38.1
6.3
0.9
1.1
13.1
75.2
8.6
2.1
4.4
57.1
173.9
60.1
65.6
126.0
111.5
47.7
7.1
31.6
16.3
167.7
391.7
974.7
125.1
484.9
8.7
29.9
0.9
5.5
4.9
0.5
5.9
1.3
0.3
1.8
0.4
18.7
1.8
0.8
0.1
0.3
33.8
1.0
0.4
0.3
:
:
:
:
:
0.7
27.3
2.0
0.3
0.7
4.2
37.8
2.2
1.3
3.4
34.0
37.6
25.1
23.9
15.9

(2) No data available for BE, LU and UK. Provisional data for EL.
Source: Eurostat, FSS
8-Mixed crop- 9-Non-classifialivestock

ble holdings
1.9
8.1
336.9
51.3
675.0
11.4
5.6
1.7
2.9
:
1.5
4.4
52.8
0.1
0.3
42.5
2.7
99.8
0.0
0.3
1.2
2.2
:
0.0
0.0
0.4
Total(1)
72.3
150.2
1506.6
305.3
3859.0
74.7
24.5
63.9
71.1
186.7
46.6
59.1
233.3
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK(2)
NO
CH
HR
1-Specialist
field crops
33
1.2 Land use

Table 1.2.1: Utilised agricultural area by type of crops, 2010
(1000 ha)
UAA - total Arable land

EU-27
Kitchen
gardens
Permanent
grassland
and
meadow
Permanent
crops
171428.5
102949.2
345.8
57572.2
10561.3
% of EU-27
100%
60%
0%
34%
6%
BE(1)
1358.0
836.7
0.1
499.7
21.5
BG
4475.5
3124.9
10.4
1240.6
99.7
CZ
3483.5
2517.5
0.2
928.8
37.0
DK
2646.9
2419.3
0.0
199.9
27.7
DE
16704.0
11846.7
3.9
4654.7
198.8
3.1
EE
940.9
640.0
1.7
296.1
IE
4991.4
1011.7
0.2
3978.5
1.0
EL(1)
3302.1
1689.7
8.5
716.7
887.2
ES
23752.7
11286.0
3.1
8377.4
4086.2
FR
27837.3
18386.1
14.0
8418.9
1018.3
IT
12856.1
7009.3
31.9
3434.1
2380.8
CY
118.4
84.9
0.0
2.1
31.3
LV
1796.3
1120.0
16.8
651.1
8.5
LT
2742.6
2115.1
0.0
605.9
21.6
LU(1)
HU
131.1
62.0
0.0
67.6
1.5
4686.3
3796.9
16.8
720.9
151.7
MT
11.5
9.1
1.1
0.0
1.3
NL
1872.4
1022.1
0.0
813.3
37.0
AT
2878.2
1371.3
2.2
1439.5
65.2
PL
14447.3
10797.4
31.0
3229.2
389.7
PT
3668.2
1173.1
19.7
1784.6
690.7
RO
13306.1
8306.4
182.0
4506.3
311.4
SI
482.7
169.1
1.1
285.7
26.8
SK
1895.5
1343.5
1.1
531.3
19.6
FI
2291.0
2253.5
0.0
33.0
4.6
SE
3066.3
2611.5
451.9
2.9
15686.4
5945.5
0.0
9704.7
36.2
NO
1005.9
827.1
0.0
175.8
3.1
CH
1047.8
405.3
0.2
619.7
22.6
HR
1316.0
895.2
3.2
339.3
78.3
UK(1)
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_oluft)
34
Figure 1.2.1: Utilised agricultural area by type of crops, 2010

(%)
EU-27
BE(1)
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(1)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU(1)
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK(1)
NO
CH
HR
0
20
40
60
80
100
Arable land
Permanent grassland and meadow
Kitchen gardens
Permanent crops
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_oluft)
35

With a total of 1.7 million km2, the UAA of EU-27 was close to
0.34hectares (3400 m2) per inhabitant in 2010.
60% of the total EU-27 UAA was arable land. Arable land is area
worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly, generally under a system of crop
rotation. The FSS covers close to 40 different classes of arable land.
Ireland, Spain, Luxembourg, Austria, Portugal Slovenia and the
United Kingdom had less than 50% share of arable land in the total UAA. In all other Member States the percentage of arable land
had the lions share of the UAA.
Permanent grassland covered slightly over one third of the UAA.
The percentage of permanent grassland was significant in Ireland,
Austria, Slovenia, the United Kingdom and Switzerland, where
farms are mostly specialised in grazing livestock.
The area of permanent crops represented 6% of the UAA. Permanent crops had a higher share of the UAA in most of the Mediterranean countries. In Malta 10% of the UAA was occupied by
kitchen gardens.
36
1.3 Livestock
Table 1.3.1: Livestock units by type of livestock, 2010
(1000 LSU)
Total
livestock
EU-27
Cattle
Sheeps
Goats
Pigs
Poultry Other LSU
133994.2 63571.5
9469.3
1200.6
36684.6
20155.4
2912.8
7%
1%
27%
15%
2%
% of EU-27
100%
47%
BE(1)
3798.7
1831.1
12.1
3.2
1578.6
340.6
33.2
BG
1149.5
473.9
141.5
38.9
177.4
224.8
93.0
CZ
1722.5
960.8
18.4
1.7
457.2
264.1
20.3
DK
4919.4
1134.0
16.0
1.3
3516.0
204.3
47.8
DE
17792.6
9060.1
208.9
15.0
6389.9
1749.3
369.4
EE
306.3
182.1
8.7
0.4
89.1
20.6
5.4
IE
5787.4
4743.3
474.5
1.1
379.4
104.3
84.8
EL(1)
2288.5
446.1
874.9
401.8
234.2
305.3
26.1
ES
14830.9
4164.5
1657.4
236.4
6154.7
2341.9
276.1
FR
22674.2
13861.2
747.5
143.3
3225.7
4332.3
364.2
IT
9911.5
4363.1
678.2
86.2
2455.1
2136.0
192.9
CY
200.8
39.2
26.8
24.2
76.6
32.5
1.5
LV
474.6
298.1
8.4
1.3
96.6
61.4
8.9
LT
900.1
576.5
6.5
1.7
201.1
90.7
23.7
167.7
143.2
0.9
0.5
18.2
1.2
3.7
2483.8
525.4
120.4
9.2
793.2
976.1
59.4
LU(1)
HU
MT
42.9
11.8
1.2
0.4
17.5
10.4
1.6
NL
6711.5
2776.6
113.0
35.3
2496.4
1175.4
114.8
AT
2517.2
1434.0
39.8
8.1
792.1
178.5
64.8
PL
10377.2
4406.2
26.1
10.7
3656.9
2061.7
215.6
PT
2206.0
1029.9
222.0
42.1
458.8
403.1
50.1
RO
5444.2
1667.2
841.2
124.1
1372.4
962.6
476.7
SI
518.5
331.7
13.8
3.5
92.3
58.7
18.5
SK
668.3
343.4
39.5
1.1
143.6
135.2
5.6
FI
1121.1
656.1
12.6
0.5
328.4
98.2
25.3
SE
UK(1)
1751.9
1074.7
56.5
0.0
370.1
156.9
93.6
13227.3
7037.1
3102.8
9.0
1113.1
1729.4
235.9
NO
1229.3
603.0
230.8
6.8
195.1
164.2
29.4
CH
1793.8
1164.0
43.4
8.7
420.9
88.8
68.0
HR
1020.2
373.1
88.6
11.2
381.4
150.8
15.0
37

Figure 1.3.1: Share of livestock types in total livestock, 2010
(%)
EU-27
BE (1)
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL (1)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU (1)
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK (1)
NO
CH
HR
0
20
40
Cattle
Sheeps
Poultry
Other LSU
60
80
Goats
38
100
Pigs
Almost half (48%) of the livestock units surveyed in EU-27 holdings were cattle. Pigs came in second with 27.4%, followed by
poultry with 14% share of the EU-27 livestock units.
In the FSS 2010, 47% of the EU-27 cattle (in livestock units) were
in France, Germany and the United Kingdom.
Denmark stands out as having the largest percentage of pigs (71%)
in total LSU.
Hungary holds the highest share of poultry which is close to 40%
of the countrys livestock.
39
40
Table 1.4.1: Number of holdings by standard output size classes, 2010

(1000 holdings)
5095.6
2 000
3 999
1859.9
4 000
7 999
1454.0
43%
:
254.1
1.4
0.8
1.1
5.1
17.9
217.1
211.3
41.7
494.6
21.9
39.2
96.8
16%
:
59.5
2.5
1.1
6.6
2.9
16.8
130.8
163.2
32.5
263.8
6.2
14.6
46.5
12%
:
26.3
4.1
3.8
26.5
2.8
25.2
126.6
163.1
41.8
236.3
4.2
10.1
27.1
Total
< 2 000
EU-27(1)
11734.7
238.0
% of EU-27(1)
BE(2)
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(2)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
100%
42.9
370.5
22.9
42.1
299.1
19.6
139.9
674.9
989.8
516.1
1620.9
38.9
83.4
199.9
2%
:
1.0
0.1
1.2
0.5
3.5
0.1
5.0
17.4
2.1
23.8
0.3
7.7
3.2
8 000
14 999
926.4
15 000
24 999
567.0
25 000
49 999
588.1
8%
:
12.5
3.5
5.8
37.2
1.8
26.0
90.4
125.1
42.3
177.0
2.3
4.9
12.2
5%
:
6.1
2.4
5.3
30.9
1.0
17.6
50.7
82.4
38.4
119.5
1.2
2.6
5.7
5%
:
4.8
2.8
6.3
42.3
0.9
15.2
37.3
93.8
66.6
128.6
1.2
2.1
4.6
50 000
99 999
433.6
4%
:
2.6
2.0
4.7
49.3
0.7
11.2
12.8
68.1
90.4
88.7
0.8
1.1
2.2
100 000
249 999
372.7
3%
:
2.0
1.7
4.5
64.0
0.5
8.7
3.6
43.2
113.9
59.4
0.5
0.7
1.1
250 000
499 999
129.3
1.1%
:
1.0
0.8
3.4
27.6
0.2
1.0
0.5
13.9
35.6
17.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
500000
70.2
0.6%
:
0.7
1.7
5.2
13.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
8.5
10.9
11.8
0.1
0.2
0.2
1.4 Economic size
Table 1.4.1: Number of holdings by standard output size classes, 2010 (cont.)
(1000 holdings)
< 2 000
2.2
576.8
12.5
72.3
150.2
1506.6
305.3
3859.0
74.7
24.5
63.9
71.1
186.7
46.6
59.1
233.3
:
19.9
3.1
0.1
0.3
42.5
2.7
99.8
0.0
0.3
1.2
2.2
:
0.0
0.0
0.4
:
358.7
5.1
0.1
20.8
442.9
116.5
2716.6
15.7
7.5
3.2
5.7
:
0.2
0.8
89.1

(2) No data available for BE, LU, and UK. Provisional data for EL.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_kvftecs)
2 000
3 999
:
91.0
1.2
1.9
13.6
290.3
71.8
602.5
17.7
6.7
6.3
10.0
:
0.9
1.2
51.5
4 000
7 999
:
46.5
1.2
6.7
20.3
274.2
48.6
313.0
18.1
3.9
10.6
13.2
:
4.3
2.7
41.5
8 000
14 999
:
25.4
0.7
6.5
20.6
195.0
25.0
78.5
10.7
1.7
10.5
11.0
:
7.7
4.4
24.4
15 000
24 999
:
13.0
0.4
4.9
16.9
112.9
12.8
22.2
5.0
0.9
7.1
7.1
:
7.5
5.5
11.9
25 000
49 999
:
10.5
0.4
6.4
24.1
94.6
11.5
13.4
4.5
0.9
8.1
7.5
:
8.7
10.6
8.8
50 000
99 999
:
5.9
0.2
6.9
19.2
35.7
8.0
6.5
2.2
0.7
8.3
5.5
:
8.0
16.1
3.9
100 000
249 999
:
3.6
0.1
17.0
11.6
12.8
5.9
4.1
0.8
0.7
6.9
5.6
:
7.2
14.0
1.4
250 000
499 999
:
1.1
0.1
13.4
2.3
3.4
1.6
1.5
0.1
0.4
1.3
2.3
:
1.7
2.9
0.2
500000
:
1.3
0.0
8.6
0.5
2.2
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.8
0.4
1.2
:
0.4
0.9
0.2
LU( )
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK(2)
NO
CH
HR
2
Total
41
42
(Million EUR)
EU-27(1)
% of EU-27( )
1
BE2
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(2)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU(2)
HU
4116.9
2 000
3 999
5345.7
4 000
7 999
8214.6
8 000
14 999
10145.3
15 000
24 999
10982.6
25 000
49 999
20836.9
50 000
99 999
30743.4
100 000
249 999
58133.1
250 000
499 999
44253.7
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
4%
7%
11%
21%
16%
31%
:
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
:
0.0
:
221.5
1.7
1.0
1.3
4.6
18.6
223.1
224.8
40.5
512.3
17.2
28.2
81.1
:
273.5
:
164.1
7.4
3.4
20.9
8.6
50.0
380.0
475.8
96.1
765.1
17.6
41.9
132.6
:
251.6
:
144.7
24.0
23.0
161.1
15.7
147.3
724.8
934.8
243.3
1354.6
23.7
56.2
150.0
:
259.3
:
135.4
38.6
65.5
417.4
19.1
289.2
990.1
1376.8
473.1
1949.7
25.6
53.2
131.6
:
275.4
:
116.1
46.6
103.1
602.1
19.8
339.8
975.1
1598.0
756.2
2320.9
23.9
50.6
109.7
:
249.5
:
164.9
99.5
224.0
1535.9
33.5
530.2
1277.5
3337.6
2447.1
4557.3
41.6
73.5
157.0
:
365.8
:
179.9
143.8
332.0
3593.0
50.0
801.5
860.0
4775.6
6612.9
6227.5
57.4
74.2
151.9
:
412.5
:
315.5
264.2
724.9
10284.7
76.3
1258.2
506.3
6539.3
17911.3
9054.6
75.3
107.5
166.0
:
545.1
:
352.1
272.0
1257.8
9437.2
60.2
347.6
169.8
4816.1
11996.9
5989.0
51.6
77.2
95.8
:
372.8
:
742.6
2954.3
5696.2
15440.4
306.8
515.4
219.8
10094.3
10155.8
16729.4
125.0
214.8
350.6
:
2235.6
Total
< 2 000
278330.1
0.0
100%
:
2536.7
3852.2
8430.8
41494.1
594.6
4297.7
6326.6
34173.1
50733.2
49460.3
458.9
777.2
1526.3
:
5241.0
500000
85557.9
Table 1.4.2: Standard output by standard output size classes, 2010
Table 1.4.2: Standard output by standard output size classes, 2010 (cont.)
(Million EUR)
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK(2)
NO
CH
HR
0.0
3.2
18930.0
5879.3
18987.1
4639.7
10420.3
913.2
1731.0
3097.6
3733.3
:
3156.2
5717.1
2114.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
:
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
20.3
471.8
122.9
1810.3
19.0
8.6
4.0
7.6
:
0.3
1.0
92.5
6.5
40.5
842.0
205.0
1713.9
51.8
19.1
18.8
29.5
:
2.9
3.7
147.8
< 2 000

4 000
7 999
6.8
8 000
14 999
8.2
15 000
24 999
7.9
25 000
49 999
12.1
50 000
99 999
13.1
100 000
249 999
21.0
250 000
499 999
15.0
39.1
118.9
1566.4
271.6
1686.1
103.1
21.7
61.9
76.5
:
26.2
15.7
233.8
71.9
229.4
2135.5
271.0
818.0
114.5
18.5
116.9
120.5
:
87.8
50.5
263.5
95.7
332.1
2179.4
245.8
421.7
96.2
17.3
137.4
137.6
:
146.0
110.0
226.2
228.8
871.0
3273.9
403.8
459.4
156.2
30.6
292.4
263.2
:
309.8
393.0
304.9
505.6
1342.2
2408.0
566.0
447.8
147.3
47.6
600.2
393.5
:
583.2
1172.2
265.2
2960.0
1749.1
1899.0
906.5
634.0
113.6
105.4
1029.1
886.3
:
1074.2
2113.3
200.6
4612.5
747.1
1166.6
547.9
500.7
27.9
133.5
435.5
771.0
:
545.2
971.9
66.8
500000
5.1
10409.6
428.6
3044.4
1099.3
1928.4
83.8
1328.7
401.4
1047.5
:
380.5
885.7
313.4
95.9
2 000
3 999
3.5
Total
43
44
(1000 ha)
EU-27(1)
% of EU-27(1)
BE(2)
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(2)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU(2)
Total
< 2000
154252.9
100%
1358.0
4475.5
3483.5
2646.9
16704.0
940.9
4991.4
3302.1
23752.7
27837.3
12856.1
118.4
1796.3
2742.6
131.1
1020.9
1%
:
28.3
2.0
5.9
6.9
44.2
0.3
9.2
143.6
17.7
95.6
0.5
60.7
18.8
:
6773.9
4%
:
139.8
7.4
6.9
9.8
31.3
168.5
199.7
910.9
257.9
483.2
17.1
266.5
343.9
:
2000
3999
6004.8
4%
:
95.3
16.3
9.1
39.5
23.8
239.4
273.7
906.5
283.0
524.0
10.9
149.6
247.5
:
4000
7999
8688.4
6%
:
108.6
40.7
29.5
191.1
38.3
475.7
462.7
1476.7
437.7
796.7
12.2
167.5
272.6
:
8000
14999
10206.4
7%
:
135.2
61.1
65.1
394.3
48.3
749.7
608.1
2010.8
614.3
981.8
11.5
138.6
252.4
:
15000
24999
10144.4
7%
:
146.2
71.9
96.5
497.4
44.9
695.0
572.8
2080.8
881.2
1018.6
10.3
119.4
224.1
:
25000
49999
17444.8
11%
:
242.7
141.4
200.6
1032.9
77.1
814.1
671.1
3947.6
2552.6
1718.7
14.2
162.4
303.0
:
50000
99999
22658.3
15%
:
358.6
190.0
260.6
1876.2
110.8
876.3
346.0
4828.9
5697.8
2058.6
16.2
157.8
293.6
:
100000
249999
32534.4
21%
:
807.4
350.7
410.4
4289.0
161.4
789.3
132.6
4463.6
11242.8
2558.0
12.4
219.5
318.8
:
250000
499999
17321.1
11%
:
985.5
353.1
455.7
3196.2
101.8
138.1
18.4
1712.9
4538.7
1214.3
6.4
157.4
162.1
:
500000
21455.3
14%
:
1427.9
2249.0
1106.5
5170.9
258.9
44.9
8.0
1270.5
1313.6
1406.6
6.9
197.0
305.6
:
Table 1.4.3: Utilised agricultural area (UAA) by standard output size classes, 2010
Table 1.4.3: Utilised agricultural area (UAA) by standard output size classes, 2010 (cont.)
(1000 ha)
4686.3
11.5
1872.4
2878.2
14447.3
3668.2
13306.1
482.7
1895.5
2291.0
3066.3
15686.4
1005.9
1047.8
1316.0
12.6
0.8
0.0
0.9
114.5
23.5
391.2
0.0
5.2
11.0
27.7
:
0.2
0.0
0.6
< 2000
160.6
3.0
0.1
84.2
921.0
192.5
2474.7
23.0
15.5
21.0
35.2
:
0.4
1.3
83.9

2000
3999
139.0
1.3
4.9
111.5
1120.9
205.2
1406.0
49.6
20.4
56.0
71.4
:
2.9
2.7
112.6
4000
7999
223.1
1.5
25.5
220.0
1751.6
251.6
1288.2
87.0
25.1
158.2
146.8
:
23.5
10.5
178.5
8000
14999
290.3
1.4
42.7
297.1
1979.4
247.8
691.8
82.2
29.5
262.7
210.4
:
74.7
26.6
175.3
15000
24999
290.3
1.1
49.2
290.0
1710.9
244.1
510.0
55.2
30.5
273.3
231.0
:
114.6
50.2
141.8
25000
49999
461.2
1.1
94.4
551.6
2258.4
422.3
846.7
70.0
58.5
405.1
397.3
:
198.1
143.9
183.6
50000
99999
539.0
0.7
142.7
642.1
1532.6
558.6
1108.2
55.6
92.0
429.7
485.8
:
222.4
309.5
169.5
100000
249999
694.0
0.5
537.7
504.9
1073.6
812.3
1745.2
32.0
193.2
491.7
693.6
:
263.1
378.1
113.1
250000
499999
425.4
0.2
617.2
125.8
653.7
423.5
1239.9
5.7
227.0
137.9
424.5
:
83.2
93.4
34.5
500000
1450.8
0.0
358.0
50.2
1330.9
286.9
1604.3
22.5
1198.6
44.5
342.6
:
22.9
31.5
122.6
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK(2)
NO
CH
HR
Total
45
46
(1000 LSU)
EU-27(1)
% of EU-27(1)
BE(2)
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(2)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU(2)
Total
< 2 000
116799.3
100%
3798.7
1149.5
1722.5
4919.4
17792.6
306.3
5787.4
2288.5
14830.9
22674.2
9911.5
200.8
474.6
900.1
167.7
0.0
0%
:
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
:
1576.0
1%
:
210.2
1.4
0.5
0.6
0.9
24.5
29.2
34.8
27.9
9.5
1.6
16.9
29.7
:
2 000
3 999
2183.5
2%
:
127.0
5.4
1.7
8.4
2.7
95.0
64.2
68.4
55.6
24.0
1.8
29.5
85.2
:
4 000
7 999
3386.3
3%
:
101.2
14.8
8.8
74.1
5.7
311.8
178.2
147.2
130.2
61.8
2.7
41.1
103.1
:
8 000
14 999
4307.7
4%
:
97.3
22.8
25.9
184.1
7.4
635.7
346.2
256.6
241.2
129.1
4.1
39.5
89.7
:
15 000
24 999
4761.1
4%
:
78.4
25.1
35.1
263.6
8.0
733.9
395.7
366.3
407.9
203.2
4.4
36.6
64.4
:
25 000
49 999
8825.2
8%
:
88.2
47.2
64.4
660.1
12.9
983.4
463.5
962.1
1439.2
515.8
9.8
47.7
89.1
:
50 000
99 999
12599.3
11%
:
70.9
55.7
85.9
1528.5
16.1
1004.9
285.0
1696.7
3604.6
894.6
17.6
41.6
71.6
:
100 000
249 999
23410.4
20%
:
55.6
97.5
244.8
4534.6
25.8
1277.2
222.5
2868.3
7955.9
1552.7
30.5
43.5
59.2
:
250 000
499 999
18819.9
16%
:
51.3
91.5
625.7
4590.8
23.8
293.5
100.5
2820.1
4922.2
1210.5
27.4
24.0
34.1
:
500000
36926.0
32%
:
269.3
1361.1
3826.6
5947.9
203.2
427.6
203.6
5610.6
3889.6
5310.5
100.9
154.1
274.0
:
Table 1.4.4: Livestock by standard output, 2010
Table 1.4.4: Livestock by standard output, 2010 (cont.)

(1000 LSU)
2483.8
41.7
6711.5
2517.2
10377.2
2206.0
5444.2
518.5
668.3
1121.1
1751.9
13227.3
1229.3
1793.8
1020.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
:
0.0
0.0
0.0
< 2 000
171.9
0.8
0.0
7.2
69.2
32.9
894.2
6.0
4.4
0.1
1.7
:
0.3
0.5
64.6

(2) No data available for BE, LU and UK; Provisional data for EL.
2 000
3 999
155.9
0.4
3.6
24.0
252.3
65.8
1069.3
24.5
9.6
0.4
9.0
:
1.4
3.2
74.6
4 000
7 999
115.3
0.7
25.3
78.9
654.0
88.2
1138.5
60.5
10.0
2.5
31.9
:
9.2
12.4
101.8
8 000
14 999
90.4
0.8
45.5
153.0
1092.8
92.8
607.4
72.2
8.0
8.1
57.0
:
32.2
30.0
118.9
15 000
24 999
74.5
1.1
56.7
189.3
1245.6
91.1
328.6
57.1
6.6
16.9
71.2
:
59.6
53.1
100.2
25 000
49 999
100.8
3.2
113.1
426.4
2033.1
163.4
290.7
88.2
11.5
73.4
138.3
:
135.0
162.3
133.1
50 000
99 999
109.3
6.1
195.3
571.5
1409.7
256.2
165.5
82.4
16.7
229.4
183.6
:
228.7
439.2
105.6
100 000
249 999
151.2
15.2
1144.8
662.7
965.1
447.8
120.0
65.4
34.2
446.1
390.0
:
445.4
713.0
88.8
250 000
499 999
136.0
9.3
1948.4
308.4
617.0
289.1
68.3
11.8
43.2
214.3
358.9
:
219.3
287.7
36.7
500000
1378.6
0.0
3178.9
95.7
2038.6
678.7
761.8
50.4
524.2
129.8
510.4
:
98.3
92.5
195.8
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK(2)
NO
CH
HR
Total
47

The first results of the FSS 2010 show that the largest percentage
of number of holdings was in the smallest economic size classes.
Table 1.4.2. shows that the total SO of the 24 Member States is
close to EUR280000million. France Italy and Germany make up
for more than half of this value.
In the results of the 24 countries available, it is clear that the largest share of the standard output (SO) is concentrated in the largest classes of SO. Excluding the three countries for which data is
not yet available (Belgium, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom), 47% of the EU-27 SO belonged to farms with a SO over
EUR 250 000. These classes of farms were 1.7 % of the number
of holdings amongst the 24 countries in this analysis and 25% of
the UAA.
5 % of the UAA belongs to farms with an SO of less than
EUR2000(table 1.4.3).
The number of livestock units by standard output classes shows that
in countries such as Hungary (7%) and Croatia(6%) the livestock
was more representative in farms within the smallest SO classes. In
the Czech Republic and Slovakia more than 75% of the Livestock
was on farms in the SO class over EUR0.5 million(table1.4.4).
48
1.5 Labour force
7547.5
1434.4
754.2
66.5
14.4
46.2
11.3
4.1
61.6
BG
681.5
57.4
336.8
52.3
17.4
406.5
CZ
43.0
89.8
24.0
80.6
3.4
108.0
DK
56.9
23.2
30.0
20.8
1.5
52.3
DE
577.4
172.4
348.6
141.0
55.8
545.5
EE
39.4
12.9
13.3
11.2
0.6
25.1
IE
255.6
16.4
152.6
9.8
3.0
165.4
BE(1)
Labour force
directly employed
by the holding
Regular non family

labour force
1954.8
1000 persons
EU-27
Non family non

regular labour
force
Family labour force
22925.8
Regular non family

labour force
Family labour force
Table 1.5.1: Farm labour force, 2010
1000 AWU
9736.1
EL(1)
1108.2
24.7
333.7
17.3
53.4
404.3
ES
1951.8
275.3
563.7
157.2
168.1
889.0
FR
568.4
446.4
340.7
351.8
87.2
779.7
IT
3229.6
163.2
758.4
84.1
111.3
953.8
CY
77.7
4.3
12.9
3.8
1.9
18.6
LV
163.6
17.4
71.4
13.3
0.5
85.2
LT
338.2
27.9
119.9
24.0
3.0
146.8
LU(1)
HU
4.1
0.9
2.8
0.8
0.2
3.7
1052.8
90.7
325.1
77.9
20.5
423.5
MT
17.6
0.9
4.4
0.4
0.0
4.9
NL
147.9
63.7
95.6
45.9
20.3
161.7
AT
319.2
27.1
97.8
13.4
3.1
114.3
PL
3716.1
86.5
1795.6
73.8
27.8
1897.2
PT
657.8
50.3
294.4
41.4
27.6
363.4
RO
7051.3
105.6
1428.7
72.3
109.3
1610.3
SI
205.2
3.3
68.7
2.8
5.1
76.7
SK
46.1
44.9
15.8
38.4
1.9
56.1
FI
111.2
14.1
47.7
7.7
4.3
59.7
SE
119.8
21.7
38.9
14.7
3.3
56.9
UK(1)
319.1
99.5
180.3
66.4
19.6
266.3
NO
107.9
17.4
36.9
6.5
3.0
46.4
CH
121.9
44.5
69.9
23.7
2.4
96.0
HR
499.4
14.3
167.6
11.7
5.2
184.5
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_lflegaa)
49
50
(% of total AWU)
EU-27 (1000
AWU)(1)
% of EU-27(1)
BE(2)
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(2)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU(2)
Total AWU
(1000)
< 2 000
2 000
3 999
4 000
7 999
8 000
14 999
15 000
24 999
25 000
49 999
50 000
99 999
100 000
249 999
250 000
499 999
500000
9404.6
46.8
1708.4
1204.7
1229.4
949.6
680.8
823.3
726.2
840.0
445.8
749.8
100
14
11
12
11
10
11
61.6
406.5
108.0
52.3
545.5
25.1
165.4
404.3
889.0
779.7
953.8
18.6
85.2
146.8
3.7
:
0
0
3
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
:
:
49
1
1
0
11
7
9
8
2
10
18
27
24
:
:
17
2
1
0
9
8
12
8
2
8
12
18
21
:
:
9
4
2
2
10
15
19
10
3
10
12
16
16
:
:
5
4
5
4
7
19
21
10
4
10
10
9
9
:
:
3
3
6
5
5
14
16
9
5
9
7
5
5
:
:
3
4
8
9
5
13
15
13
10
14
11
5
5
:
:
2
4
9
15
5
11
6
12
18
13
11
3
3
:
:
3
6
12
25
7
10
2
12
31
13
9
4
3
:
:
3
7
13
14
6
1
0
6
15
6
3
3
2
:
:
5
65
42
24
30
1
0
10
11
7
5
6
10
:
Table 1.5.2: Share of labour force directly employed by the holding, by SO, 2010
Table 1.5.2: Share of labour force directly employed by the holding, by SO, 2010 (cont.)
(% of total AWU)
< 2 000
423.5
4.9
161.7
114.3
1897.2
363.4
1610.3
76.7
56.1
59.7
56.9
266.3
46.4
96.0
184.5
2
13
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
:
0
0
0
38
24
0
3
15
25
41
10
6
1
3
:
0
0
18

(2) No data available for BE, LU, and UK. Provisional data for EL.
Source Eurostat, FSS.
2 000
3 999
14
9
1
4
16
22
24
17
9
3
6
:
0
1
17
4 000
7 999
10
12
2
8
20
16
19
23
6
6
9
:
3
3
19
8 000
14 999
7
10
3
10
17
9
7
17
3
9
10
:
7
4
16
15 000
24 999
5
8
3
11
11
5
2
10
2
8
8
:
10
6
10
25 000
49 999
5
8
6
20
10
6
2
11
2
15
11
:
17
15
9
50 000
99 999
3
6
7
20
4
5
1
6
3
22
12
:
23
28
5
100 000
249 999
4
5
20
16
2
6
1
3
6
24
18
:
26
29
2
250 000
499 999
2
3
21
5
1
2
1
1
6
7
12
:
8
9
1
500000
11
1
36
3
2
3
2
3
56
5
11
:
5
5
4
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO(2)
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK(2)
NO
CH
HR
Total AWU
(1000)
51

Figure 1.5.1: Share of farm labour force, by type of labour
force, 2010
(%)
EU-27
BE(1)
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(1)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU(1)
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK(1)
NO
CH
HR
0
10
20
30
40
50
Family labour force %
60
70
80
100
Regular non family labour force
Non family non regular labour force

Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_lflegaa)
52
90
The Agricultural Census 2010 shows that around 25million people were engaged in agricultural work in the EU-27. This includes
holders, member of the holders family and regular non family labour force. In the EU-27 aggregates, only 8% of these people were
regular non family workers.
The number of people is converted to annual working units
(AWU) by taking into account the time spent on the agricultural
activities. The total labour force directly employed by the EU-27
farms was 9.7million AWU, that corresponds to 9.7million people working full time. The share of family labour force, although
dominant in most countries is less when measured in AWU. In
EU-27 the share of family labour force in AWU was 75%, regular
non family labour force was 17% and non regular non family 8%.
Non family labour force had the highest percentage of the total
labour force (in AWU) in The Czech Republic (75%), Slovakia
(72%), France (56%), Estonia (47%) and Denmark (43%).
In 11 Member States the family labour force was 80% or higher in
the total AWU working in agriculture.
The distribution of the Farm labour force within the SO classes in
the EU-27 aggregates was quite homogeneous in 2010. The highest
percentage is in the farms with under 2000 euro of SO. Bulgaria
(49%) and Hungary (40%) had the highest share of labour force
in the smallest SO classes.
The Czech Republic (65%) and Slovakia (56%) are the farms with
the biggest concentration of labour force in the farms with an SO
over EUR0.5 million.
53
1.6 Organic farming

Table 1.6.1: Share of holdings and area with organic farming, 2010
(% of total)
holdings doing organic farming
Area with certified organic

farming
2.94
EU-27
1.31
BE(1)
1.45
2.12
BG
0.05
0.09
CZ
6.65
8.68
DK
4.99
5.70
DE
5.07
5.10
EE
5.41
8.76
0.50
IE
0.62
EL(1)
2.15
3.53
ES
1.48
1.44
FR
2.42
1.79
IT
2.59
5.87
CY
0.80
1.39
LV
3.45
7.01
3.76
LT
1.11
LU(1)
2.73
2.59
HU
0.16
0.78
MT
0.00
0.00
NL
1.01
1.31
12.27
AT
12.78
PL
0.75
1.64
PT
0.33
1.02
RO
0.02
0.17
SI
2.49
5.19
SK
1.23
6.31
FI
5.32
4.85
10.11
SE
5.61
UK(1)
1.79
2.40
NO
4.98
4.35
CH
9.58
8.74
HR
0.26
0.68
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_mporganic)
54
The FSS 2010 surveyed approximately 160000 organic farms in

EU-27, which is 1.3% of the total number of farms. The organic area
in EU-27 was 5.3millionhectares which in 3% of the total UAA.
In Malta there were no certified holdings. Austria (12%) and Sweden (10%) stand out with the highest percentage of organic area
in the total UAA. Germany (850000ha) and Italy (760000ha) had
the biggest areas of organic crop production in the EU-27, covering respectively 16% and 15% of the total organic area of EU-27.
Figure 1.6.1: Share of area with certified organic farming, 2010
(% of total UAA)
AT
SE
EE
CH
CZ
LV
SK
IT
DK
SI
DE
FI
NO
LT
EL
LU (1)
UK (1)
BE (1)
FR
PL
ES
CY
NL
EU-27
PT
HU
HR
IE
RO
BG
MT
0
10
12
14
Area with certified organic farming

( ) BE, EL, LU, UK: provisional data.
1
55

Figure 1.6.2: Area with certified organic farming, 2010
(1000ha)
DE
IT
FR
UK (1)
AT
ES
SE
CZ
PL
DK
LV
SK
EL
FI
LT
CH
EE
NO
PT
HU
BE (1)
SI
IE
NL
RO
HR
BG
LU (1)
CY
MT
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Area with certified organic farming

56
800
900
and prices
Agricultural accounts and prices
Introduction
This chapter gives an overview of indicators on agricultural output and income and of agricultural prices in the EU. The data are
extracted from Eurostat collections of agricultural statistics in the
form of economic accounts for agriculture (EAA), agricultural
price indices (API) and absolute agricultural prices.
The EAA is a satellite account of the European System of Accounts (ESA 1995). It covers the agricultural products and services produced during the accounting period sold by agricultural
units, held in stocks on farms, or used for further processing by
agricultural producers. The concepts of the EAA are adapted to
the particular nature of the agricultural industry: for example, the
EAA includes not only the production of grapes and olives, but
also the production of wine and olive oil by agricultural producers.
It includes information on intra-unit consumption of crop products used in animal feed, as well as output accounted for by ownaccount production of fixed capital goods and own final consumption of agricultural units. EAA data are used to calculate income
indicators for the agricultural sector.
Agricultural price statistics provide information on the trend in
producer prices of agricultural products and purchase prices of
the goods and services consumed by agriculture in the production process. Data on prices are available for single commodities
and for larger aggregates in the form of absolute prices and price
indices. Both annual and quarterly time series are published in the
free dissemination database on the Eurostat website.
59
2.1 Agricultural income

Introduction
Indicator A is the real net value added at factor cost of agriculture per annual work unit (AWU). The net value added at factor
cost (factor income) is calculated by subtracting the consumption
of fixed capital from gross value added at basic prices and adding the value of (other) subsidies, less taxes on production. The
AWU is defined as the work volume corresponding to one fulltime worker.
Output of the agricultural industry comprises output from agricultural production and output from non-agricultural secondary
activities that are inseparable from the main agricultural activity.
The comparability of data over time is affected by types of subsidies, as product-related subsidies are included in the results in basic prices, whereas general subsidies are only included in income.
The shift in types of subsidies from product to production was
mainly implemented in 2005 and 2006.
The comparability of factor income and the indicator A is not affected by these changes.
Long-term trends
Figure 2.1.1: Agricultural income indicator, 2000-2011
(2005=100)
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-27
EU-15
Source: Eurostat (online data code: aact_eaa06)
60
The agricultural income in the EU-27 has experienced both

positive and negative developments in recent years. Compared
to 2005, the agricultural income per annual work unit rose by
more than 10% in 2007, 2008 and 2010, but decreased by 1.5%
in 2009.
For 2011, the recent increase brings Indicator A to a level of 119.1
(2005=100), following a rise of 11.4% in 2010. For the EU-15 the
level of Indicator A is now higher in 2011 than in 2005 (+6.7%),
after reaching 103.7% last year.
Based on the second estimates provided by the Member States,
indicator A in 2011 showed different developments among countries compared to 2005. On this basis, the Member States can be
divided into two groups:
The first group includes those countries for which agricultural
income in 2011 is above the level recorded for 2005. This group
comprises twenty Member States. In fifteen of these countries,
the level of agricultural income attained in 2011 is more than
20 index points higher than in 2005, ranging from +88.7% in
Estonia to +21.7% in Finland (Estonia, Hungary, Poland, the
Czech Republic, Bulgaria, the United Kingdom, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Denmark, Slovakia, Germany, Sweden, Austria
and Finland).
The second group includes the other seven Member States
where agricultural income in 2011 is below the level recorded
for 2005. This group includes Luxembourg, Malta, Greece, Portugal, Italy, Cyprus and Spain. In these countries, the fall in indicator A ranged from 23.3% in Luxembourg to 2.5% in Spain.
Recent trends
According to the latest information collected by Eurostat, indicator A is estimated to have risen by 7.1% in the European Union
(EU-27) in 2011 compared with the previous year, following an
increase of 13.0% in 2010.
In 2011, the biggest increases were seen in Romania (+56.8%),
Hungary (+
49.2
%), Ireland (+
27.5
%) and Luxembourg
(+24.7%). The biggest decreases, on the other hand, were recorded in Belgium (22.5%), followed by Malta (14.0%), Portugal
(10.3%) and the Netherlands (8.9%).
61

Figure 2.1.2: Agricultural income (indicator A)
in the EU, 2010-2011
(% change compared with the previous year)
EU-27
RO
HU
IE
LU
CZ
BG
EE
DK
LT
SK
AT
DE
IT
LV
PL
UK
SI
CY
SE
ES
1.5
FR
2.0
EL
5.6
FI
5.6
NL
8.9
PT
10.3
MT
14.0
BE 22.5
CH
NO
30
20
10
7.1
49.2
27.5
24.7
23.7
23.2
20.3
20.2
19.9
17.0
16.1
13.7
11.0
10.0
8.7
8.4
5.1
1.6
1.2
56.8
2.0
2.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
The 7.2% increase in the value of agricultural output in basic prices is due to higher prices (+5.1%), while the volume is up by 2.0%.
The value of agricultural output in producer prices increased by
7.4% in real terms between 2010 and 2011. The value for crop output, which accounts for 52.8% of total output, rose by 7.0% at basic prices, while animal output, which accounted for about 40% of
total output, was up 8.2%. The increase in animal output value was
a consequence of higher producer prices (7.6%), although volume
increased by only 0.8%.
The output value of agricultural services grew by 0.7%, although
inseparable non-agricultural secondary activities increased in
value by 4.2% compared to 2010.
The value of intermediate consumption of goods and services rose
by 9.4% in 2011. This is due to a combination of higher prices
(+8.8%) and a slightly higher volume (+0.5%) according to the
second estimates. Higher prices were observed for feedingstuffs
(+16.2%) and fertilizers and soil improvers (+15.5%).
62
Figure 2.1.3: Main components of agricultural income,

EU-27, 2010-2011
(% change compared with the previous year)
Crop output
Animal output
Animals
Animal products
Agricultural services
Secondary activities
Output of the agricultural industry
Intermediate consumption
Gross value added
Consumption of fixed capital
Other taxes on production
Subsidies on products
and production
Factor income
Agricultural labour input
4
10
12
At basic prices
At producer prices
Other concepts
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: aact_eaa01 and aact_eaa04)
Consumption of fixed capital (depreciation) was slightly lower

(0.1%) than in 2010. The value of overall subsidies (productspecific subsidies and other subsidies on production) was up by
0.5% and worth some EUR 55.5 billion in 2011, accounting for
around 39% of the factor income.
As a result, real agricultural factor income, which is an Indicator
A component, increased by 4.2% compared to the previous year.
With the reduction in agricultural labour input (2.7%), Indicator A is estimated to have risen by 7.1%.
63

Table 2.1.1: Agricultural income indicator A(1), 2000-2011
2000-2004
2006-2010
EU-27
102.1
107.9
2011
119.1
EU-15
106.3
103.1
106.7
BE
107.8
123.5
109.3
BG
98.8
121.8
152.2
CZ
70.2
110.5
160.0
DK
101.6
94.8
136.7
DE
94.1
115.6
128.7
EE
59.9
121.0
188.7
101.5
IE
85.6
82.3
EL
112.3
92.1
78.9
ES
112.5
96.9
97.5
113.7
FR
108.4
107.5
IT
115.0
91.1
88.7
CY
101.3
89.5
93.5
LV
60.1
123.2
148.0
LT
64.1
114.4
144.8
LU
124.1
90.3
76.7
HU
76.9
120.4
183.8
MT
100.3
94.1
77.3
NL
110.6
109.7
102.6
AT
98.1
111.5
123.7
PL
72.3
133.2
175.9
PT
102.4
95.7
86.7
RO
116.9
95.1
137.5
SI
75.8
99.5
106.0
SK
91.0
123.9
133.9
FI
93.5
110.6
121.7
SE
94.2
116.4
123.9
UK
93.0
125.6
150.4
NO
121.3
107.9
123.2
CH
100.3
102.2
103.7
(1) Indicator A measures the change in real agricultural factor income (corresponding to the net
value added at factor cost) related to the change in total agricultural labour input.
64
In 2011, gross value added (GVA) at producer prices amounted

to more than EUR148 billion in the EU-27. 83.3% of this value is
generated in the EU-15, although there has been a slight decline
in the share since 2000. France, Italy and Spain together produce
almost 58% of the GVA of agriculture in the EU-15.
Between 2000 and 2011, the value of all agricultural subsidies
(product subsidies and other production subsidies) recorded in
2010 in the EU-27 amounted to EUR 55.5 billion. The share of
new Member States in the total value of subsidies paid to agricultural producers rose from 3% to 17.7%.
The type of subsidies has changed over time from subsidies on
product to subsidies on production. In 2000, the subsidies on
products accounted for EUR 26.6 billion, compared to only
EUR4.7 billion recorded in 2011. Other subsidies on production
grew from EUR 12 billion to EUR 50.9 billion during the same
period.
65
66
(Million EUR)
GVA at producer prices
Overall subsidies
2000
2005
2011
2000
2005
2011
EU-27
131099.9
129627.6
148555.7
38696.3
49448.7
55530.5
EU-15
116844.1
112167.2
123684.3
37517.4
43909.9
45705.0
BE
2484.0
2145.8
1932.0
351.2
486.2
812.9
BG
1634.1
1544.3
1428.6
5.4
86.7
650.9
CZ
831.4
969.5
1280.5
170.1
669.5
1192.3
DK
2451.7
2252.5
3035.9
788.8
974.3
1006.3
DE
13577.1
12919.7
15323.6
5600.7
6093.0
7350.0
EE
135.3
196.5
288.2
22.2
89.6
175.7
IE
1934.2
1609.9
1768.8
1284.0
2225.0
1892.1
EL
5967.0
6146.1
5041.3
2222.8
2401.8
3191.3
ES
19225.1
20344.7
20496.4
4895.3
6550.5
6632.0
FR
23910.4
21374.8
25869.8
8152.3
9742.9
9708.1
IT
24526.0
24410.2
25025.4
4794.1
4315.1
4428.0
CY
254.9
332.3
328.5
3.0
45.5
40.7
LV
182.4
221.9
259.5
15.1
175.1
271.2
LT
394.1
409.5
675.2
17.8
228.4
355.4
Table 2.1.2: Agricultural gross value added at producer prices and subsidies, 2000-2011
Table 2.1.2: Agricultural gross value added at producer prices and subsidies, 2000-2011 (cont.)
(Million EUR)
GVA at producer prices

2005
Overall subsidies
2011
2000
2005
2011
LU
102.9
100.9
95.4
48.4
62.5
74.5
HU
1840.5
1800.4
3034.5
172.2
1087.7
1434.5
MT
63.9
44.7
56.5
1.0
19.4
15.0
NL
9052.8
7751.1
8182.1
408.4
801.3
864.4
AT
2192.6
2207.3
3097.1
1387.8
1700.9
1631.2
PL
4597.5
5159.2
8270.9
214.4
2119.7
3361.0
PT
2680.2
2200.7
1845.7
651.9
1006.8
899.4
RO
4121.3
6003.1
8315.2
228.3
548.8
1610.3
SI
399.4
397.4
437.2
93.9
232.2
240.4
SK
310.7
381.7
496.7
235.4
236.1
478.2
FI
834.4
719.7
1115.6
1967.0
2095.1
2102.7
SE
1094.6
1134.6
1421.7
881.9
1022.0
1114.4
UK
6811.2
6849.1
9433.6
4083.0
4432.7
3997.8
NO
960.2
900.8
1205.2
1370.0
1285.3
1598.3
CH
3052.8
2582.6
2986.4
1497.0
1717.9
2446.0
883.1
921.8
272.5
403.7
HR
2000
67
2.2 Final output

Table 2.2.1: Output value at producer prices of the agricultural
industry, 2000-2011
2000
2005
2011
million EUR
2000
EU-27
294367
308077
385038
100.0
100.0
EU-15
258502
262789
319677
87.8
83.0
BE
6845
6548
7507
2.3
1.9
BG
3389
3356
4232
1.2
1.1
CZ
2819
3424
4696
1.0
1.2
DK
7725
7865
10240
2.6
2.7
DE
39203
38946
52277
13.3
13.6
EE
363
521
789
0.1
0.2
IE
5142
5297
6524
1.7
1.7
EL
9894
10641
10489
3.4
2.7
ES
32693
35407
40520
11.1
10.5
FR
56628
56221
69304
19.2
18.0
IT
40996
42170
47479
13.9
12.3
CY
654
707
0.0
0.2
LV
460
693
1035
0.2
0.3
LT
1140
1433
2401
0.4
0.6
LU
238
292
352
0.1
0.1
HU
4851
5702
7665
1.6
2.0
MT
130
110
127
0.0
0.0
NL
19639
20302
25499
6.7
6.6
AT
5221
5284
7270
1.8
1.9
PL
12406
14119
21837
4.2
5.7
PT
5731
5498
5970
1.9
1.6
RO
7971
12667
18455
2.7
4.8
SI
952
983
1181
0.3
0.3
SK
1382
1625
2237
0.5
0.6
FI
3060
3192
4216
1.0
1.1
SE
4396
4286
5631
1.5
1.5
UK
21091
20841
26400
7.2
6.9
NO
2907
3128
4020
CH
7067
6628
8235
HR
2244
2666
68
2011
% of EU-27
Table 2.2.2: Main components of output value at producer

prices of the agricultural industry, 2010-2011
(%)
VOLUME
(at producer
prices)
PRODUCER
PRICE
(real)
VALUE
(real, at
producer
prices)
Share in
EU-27
overall
output
value
(producer
prices,
2010)
% change 2010-11
Cereals
2.4
18.5
21.4
11.9
Oilseeds
0.4
16.7
16.3
2.7
Sugar beet
15.0
4.7
20.5
0.8
1.5
10.7
9.3
8.4
2.5
1.7
4.2
5.8
Potatoes
6.2
1.2
4.9
2.9
Fruits
3.9
2.4
1.4
6.3
Wine
4.4
3.1
7.7
4.2
2.2
1.0
3.2
1.1
Crop output
3.0
4.3
7.4
52.8
Cattle
0.9
8.6
9.5
7.5
Pigs
0.2
6.5
6.7
8.7
Sheep and goats
1.0
6.6
7.7
1.4
Poultry
2.2
10.7
13.1
4.8
Milk
1.2
8.6
9.9
13.5
Eggs
Fresh vegetables
Plants and flowers
Olive oil
2.1
0.4
1.8
2.2
Animal output
0.8
7.6
8.5
39.7
Agricultural services
0.1
0.6
0.7
4.4
Secondary activities
1.5
2.6
4.2
3.1
Source: Eurostat (online data code: aact_eaa01 and aact_eaa05)
According to the EAA, the output value at producer prices was

EUR385billion in 2011 for the EU-27. (The producer price excludes subsidies of the agricultural industry, less taxes on products). The new Member States contributed EUR 65.3 billion
(17.0%) to this value., France is the largest agricultural producer in value terms in the EU-27, with an output value of more
than EUR69billion; it is followed by Germany, Italy and Spain,
each of which report an output value of between EUR 40.5 and
EUR52billion.
The crop output accounts for 52.8% of the total agricultural output,
while the share of animal output was 39.7% in 2010. The remainder
69

derives from agricultural services (4.4%) and secondary activities
(3.1%). The main agricultural products are milk (13.5%) and cereals (11.9%).
The value of crop production at producer prices in 2011rose by
7.4%, due to an increase both in volume (+3.0%) and in producer
prices (+4.3%). Output volumes of the three largest crop products rose for cereals (+2.4%), fresh vegetables (+1.5%) and fruit
(+3.9%). Cereals (+21.4%), sugar beet (+20.5%) and oilseeds
(+16.3%) recorded the sharpest increases in crop value at producer prices.
The increase in the value of animal output in 2011 (+8.5%) was
due to an increase in both output volumes (+0.8%) and producer
prices (+7.6%). The final result in the real value of milk production was driven by an increase in prices (+8.6%), while volume
was up by 1.2%. On the animal output side, the biggest increases
in volume and producer prices were observed for poultry, with a
2.2% increase in volume and a 10.7% increase in producer prices.
The value of eggs developed in the opposite direction, due to a
2.1% fall in volume, while producer prices remained at almost the
same level as 2010 (+0.4%).
It should be noted that the concept of producer prices in the EAA
differs somewhat from agricultural price statistics (API). The price
indices in EAA relate to the previous year, whereas API is based on
the weighting structure of 2005. There are also differences in the
values that are taken into account in the weighing scheme and the
reference period.
70
2.3 Inputs
Table 2.3.1: Intermediate consumption value by crop
and animal production, 2000-2011
(%)
Share of product specific inputs in

crop production(1)
animal production(2)
2000
2011
2000
2011
EU-27
18.8
19.4
53.8
64.3
EU-15
19.0
19.3
52.7
63.9
BE
22.6
27.6
63.4
70.7
BG
17.5
90.3
CZ
18.8
21.4
82.7
80.9
DK
21.3
19.4
56.0
52.9
DE
21.7
18.7
59.4
78.5
EE
10.7
20.2
73.2
62.6
IE
37.9
37.1
42.9
54.7
EL
11.6
10.6
60.2
73.3
ES
14.6
13.4
54.5
72.3
FR
23.9
23.8
56.7
68.9
IT
9.9
12.5
51.2
57.9
CY
15.6
60.0
LV
20.0
30.5
54.3
61.4
LT
24.1
28.8
67.4
70.7
LU
26.0
22.0
38.3
79.4
HU
20.6
23.5
59.9
71.5
MT
10.1
13.0
51.2
52.3
NL
16.4
19.2
40.9
55.4
AT
16.1
13.6
48.9
53.1
PL
17.2
20.5
63.3
55.4
PT
10.8
13.8
74.9
88.6
RO
12.0
15.9
64.6
82.2
SI
17.1
18.2
67.4
77.7
SK
41.9
28.6
57.7
50.3
FI
33.2
38.6
46.0
41.8
SE
28.5
29.1
51.5
53.1
UK
37.3
34.1
36.5
41.1
NO
19.1
20.7
67.2
63.3
CH
12.7
14.8
58.0
58.8
HR
30.0
84.0
(1) Inputs in crop production: seeds, fertilisers, plant protection product.

(2) Inputs in animal production: feedingstuffs and veterinary costs.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: aact_ali01)
71

Figure 2.3.1: Composition of the value of intermediate inputs
consumed by the agricultural industry in the EU-27, 2011
(%)
FISIM
2%
Agricultural
services
6%
Other
13 %
Seeds and planting stock

5%
Energy, lubricants
12 %
Fertilisers and soil
improvers
8%
Maintenance
of buildings
2%
Plant protection
4%
Maintenance
of materials
6%
Feedingstuffs
39 %
Veterinary
3%
Intermediate consumption in 2011 in the EU-27 accounted for

more than 61% of the output value of the agricultural industry at
producer prices. In 2005, the similar percentage was around 58%.
The main input from intermediate consumption is represented
by animal feedingstuffs, which account for 39% of the total value
of intermediate consumption. Energy and lubricants account for
12% of the total value of intermediate consumption, while the
fertilizers and soil improvers amount to around 8%. The main
intermediate input items for crop production are fertilisers, plant
protection products and seeds and plants, which together account
for 17% of total agricultural intermediate consumption.
The margin between output and direct related input are different
for crop and animal production. The costs for seeds and plantings,
fertilisers and plant protection products accounted for 19.4% of
the crop output at producer prices in 2011, while costs of feedingstuffs and veterinary products were 64.3%. In 2000, the respective
shares were 18.8% and 53.8%.
72
2.4 Agricultural labour input

Table 2.4.1: Agricultural labour input, 2000-2011
2000
2005
2011
2011/2010
1000 AWU
EU-27
14950
12664
10709
97.3
EU-15
6514
5917
5333
97.9
BE
75
70
58
93.1
BG
771
626
373
90.7
CZ
166
139
106
97.6
DK
76
63
54
98.9
DE
685
583
525
97.9
EE
65
38
25
98.4
IE
153
149
146
100.0
EL
586
607
567
99.7
ES
1102
1017
883
95.5
FR
1028
929
833
98.2
IT
1383
1242
1164
98.9
CY
31
29
25
99.6
LV
149
138
82
95.2
LT
187
174
142
99.2
LU
97.2
HU
676
522
437
100.1
MT
100.0
NL
220
194
175
98.2
AT
168
155
140
98.5
PL
2495
2292
1994
100.0
PT
503
429
367
95.8
RO
3645
2596
2020
93.3
SI
104
90
78
99.7
SK
143
99
89
107.9
FI
111
96
81
98.3
SE
80
76
57
95.3
UK
343
304
282
100.1
NO
72
66
53
96.7
CH
101
89
80
99.3
HR
202
100.0
73

Figure 2.4.1: Agricultural labour input, 2000-2011
(million AWU)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-27
EU-15
Source: Eurostat (online data code: aact_ali01)
Agricultural labour input (ALI) is the second component in calculating Indicator A after factor income. The data presented here
differ to some extent from the Census data in Chapter 1. AWU
data from ALI statistics are usually higher than FSS data, because
they also cover the labour input of agricultural units below the
threshold of FSS and agricultural work used for agricultural services, inseparable secondary activities and hunting.
In total, the agricultural labour input in EU 2011 was 10.7 million
AWU. The total agricultural labour input is divided almost equally
between EU-15 and EU-12, whereas 85% of the total agricultural
Gross Value Added is generated in EU-15. Consequently, the relationship between GVA and labour input is different when one
compares EU-15 with EU-12.
During the period 2000 to 2011, agricultural labour input in the
EU-27 fell by around 28%. The rate of change was steeper in EU12 (36.3%) than in other parts of the EU.
In 2011, total agricultural labour input continued to decline in
all Member States, with the exception of Slovakia (+7.9%). It is
estimated that the biggest decreases are to be found in Bulgaria
(9.3%), Belgium (9%) and Romania (6.7%). Overall, EU
agricultural labour input is down by 2.7% in 2011 compared with
2010.
74
2.5 Price indices

Table 2.5.1: Deflated agricultural price indices, crop
and animal output, 2006, 2009, 2011
(2005=100)
Crop output(1)
Animal output
2006
2009
2011
2006
2009
2011
EU-27
105.1
98.6
114.6
100.3
97.7
106.4
BE
123.8
91.6
94.8
102.7
92.2
97.9
BG
104.8
93.4
116.4
93.3
86.2
94.1
CZ
105.1
92.7
125.4
94.2
77.9
84.6
DK
101.5
106.5
126.3
102.3
89.1
106.0
DE
112.7
97.4
126.1
100.9
91.8
109.4
EE
108.3
86.7
132.1
94.2
75.4
93.2
IE
110.5
113.5
120.1
99.8
92.0
119.8
EL
105.3
100.8
108.5
101.0
98.0
93.3
ES
90.4
79.5
81.2
101.7
95.3
96.7
FR
106.5
104.6
126.2
100.2
97.7
104.3
IT
103.2
100.9
106.4
102.4
101.8
106.2
CY
99.8
107.5
104.7
107.2
101.3
94.9
LV
116.0
90.6
133.5
98.2
70.8
88.9
LT
113.1
88.4
134.2
97.4
81.9
98.4
LU
104.8
94.1
111.6
98.1
86.4
94.7
HU
116.0
102.5
145.4
99.7
93.8
101.2
MT
97.9
111.6
92.4
97.6
104.3
106.0
NL
113.3
96.7
105.8
100.6
93.4
109.0
AT
107.9
99.2
117.3
103.4
97.5
105.0
PL
116.1
99.9
141.2
96.5
100.8
107.8
PT
100.4
96.4
94.6
103.8
99.9
101.1
RO
101.6
109.3
131.3
94.9
105.2
101.8
SI
111.1
111.3
116.8
99.3
93.1
100.2
SK
97.3
81.3
123.0
95.1
74.5
79.6
FI
105.5
101.4
120.9
102.7
99.0
111.3
SE
107.3
108.3
131.3
101.5
105.0
111.6
UK
107.0
118.5
148.2
98.8
125.1
128.9
(1) Crop output including fruits and vegetables.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apri_pi05_outa)
75

Figure 2.5.1: EU-27 output price indices of agricultural
goods, 2005-2011
(2005=100)
130
120
110
100
90
80
2005
2006
2007
2008
Nominal value
2009
2010
2011
Deflated
The final data for 2011 reveal that the level of agricultural prices
for crop output in real terms was 14.6% up on 2005, while the
prices for animal output were up by 6.4%.
The output price indices of agricultural goods for the European
Union (EU-27) rose by 28.2% in nominal terms compared to
2005. When adjusted for inflation (using the Harmonised Consumer Price Index HCPI), this represents an increase of 10.5%.
Only four of the 27 Member States namely Spain (18.8%),
Malta (7.6%), Portugal (5.4%) and Belgium (5.2%)
reported a decrease in the real crop output price index. All
the other countries registered increases, with fifteen Member
States seeing the biggest increases exceeding 20%. These increases ranged from 48.2% in the United Kingdom to 20.1% in
Ireland. The real price index of animal output increased in sixteen Member States. The biggest increases were in the United
Kingdom (28.9%), Ireland (19.8%), Sweden (11.6%) and Finland (11.3%), while the increase for the other countries was
between 9.4% in Germany and 0.2% in Slovenia. Among the
11 Member States who registered a decrease in the animal output
price index, the steepest falls were in Slovakia (20.4%), Czech
Republic (15.4%) and Latvia (11.1%).
76
Figure 2.5.2: Deflated price indices of agricultural output, 2011

(% change compared to 2005)
EU-27
UK
HU
RO
PL
IE
SE
DE
FR
FI
DK
LT
AT
BG
LV
NL
IT
SI
EL
EE
CZ
MT
CY
LU
SK
PT
BE
ES
20
10
10
20
30
40
The real price indices of agricultural output developed differently across Member States. The available data show that only five
countries registered a decrease in 2011 compared to 2005: they
were Spain (12.6%), Belgium (3.4%), Portugal (2.8%), Slovakia (1.4%) and Luxembourg (0.6%). Of the other 22 Member
States that registered increases, the biggest increases were in the
United Kingdom with 36.9%, Hungary with 26.0%, Romania with
21.9% and Poland with 21.8%.
77

Figure 2.5.3: Deflated price indices of means of agricultural
production, 2011
(% change compared to 2005)
EU-27
UK
DE
MT
SI
IE
DK
PT
FI
NL
RO
IT
SE
BE
FR
HU
ES
PL
AT
LT
EL
LU
BG
LV
EE
SK
CZ
CY
10
10
15
20
25
30
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apri_pi05_ina)
The data available for EU-27 in 2011 show a 14.9% increase in

the deflated price index of the means of agricultural production
compared to 2005.
Of the 27 Member States, only three, i.e. Cyprus (6.0%), the
Czech Republic (1.5%) and Slovakia (0.5%), registered a
change for the worse compared to 2005. The other 24 countries,
by contrast, have positive rates of change, ranging from 26.7% in
the United Kingdom and 20.2% in both Germany and Malta, to
0.8% in Estonia.
78
Table 2.5.2: Annual selling prices of agricultural products

(absolute prices), 2011
(EUR)
Crop products
Soft wheat Sunflower
Animal products
Main crop
potatoes
prices/100kg prices/100kg prices/100kg
Cows
Raw cows'
Pigs (light) milk actual
fat content
prices/100 kg prices/100 kg
live weight live weight
prices
per 100l
BE
19.8
5.8
177.0
33.1
BG
16.7
35.5
23.1
73.5
113.2
CZ
20.5
41.6
21.1
112.1
116.6
DK
19.3
26.2
95.7
96.1
36.0
DE
EE
18.7
31.7
IE
32.6
EL
22.5
42.5
47.1
135.4
210.3
43.2
ES
21.2
38.0
20.4
121.0
123.2
30.9
FR
IT
CY
LV
19.7
19.3
94.0
117.4
LT
20.6
23.5
94.3
117.3
28.5
LU
18.2
37.8
171.6
HU
18.3
39.1
18.3
181.5
118.0
31.3
MT
26.6
47.2
33.0
NL
19.4
15.4
123.3
108.8
38.3
AT
13.8
28.8
13.7
121.1
123.8
35.3
PL
19.9
12.0
29.4
PT
20.0
32.0
23.3
175.4
31.4
RO
20.8
37.3
39.4
95.1
125.5
25.5
SI
19.3
40.8
15.1
101.0
178.3
31.1
SK
17.9
35.7
29.1
87.0
121.0
31.8
FI
19.7
19.1
43.0
SE
19.9
29.7
39.7
UK
21.0
16.9
118.6
30.6
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: apri_ap_crpouta and apri_ap_anouta)
79
Agricultural
Products
Agricultural products
3.1 Crop production

Statistical data on crop production (under agricultural products)
in the Eurostat database refer to areas under cultivation (expressed
in hectares), harvested production (expressed in tonnes) and yield
per hectare (expressed in 100kg/hectare).
The data are obtained by sample surveys supplemented by estimates based on expert observations and administrative data. The
sources are not always the same for each Member State but are
adapted to national conditions and statistical practices. The final
data sent to Eurostat should be harmonised.
In the EU-27, the main crops grown on arable land are cereals
(including rice). After the 2008 jump in cereal production, as a
result of good weather conditions during the year and high cereal
prices the previous year, production dropped in 2009 and 2010.
This was probably due to a decrease in the total area under cereals
and less favourable weather conditions. In 2011, cereal production
increased slightly compared to the previous year.
Next come forage plants, the volume of which varies considerably
from country to country, due to different natural conditions, production and consumption behaviour, historical reasons, etc.
Vegetable and fruit crops are becoming increasingly important in
terms of both food consumption and value. Some of these crops
are very widespread among the EU-27 (such as apples) whilst others are very specific to certain countries or regions (such as aubergines). Most fruits and vegetables are relatively concentrated in the
Mediterranean countries, as in general the climate in the south of
Europe is more favourable to their production.
83
Main crops
Table 3.1.1: Harvested production of some of the main crops, 2011
(1000tonnes)
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
HR
Cereals total
(including Field peas(2)
rice)(1)
289384.6
1526.2
3105.2
4.2
7518.8
2.0
8284.8
52.3
8795.5
20.2
41920.4
154.6
771.9
15.4
2497.9
0.0
4098.1
4.4
21733.2
240.3
63626.9
663.6
17923.5
27.2
57.4
0.2
1412.0
2.9
3225.9
19.3
149.6
0.5
13814.5
22.1
:
0.0
1680.0
2.5
5704.3
36.4
26767.4
10.2
1089.3
0.0
20991.1
54.6
607.8
1.6
3728.5
14.7
3744.5
12.0
4651.0
42.0
21485.0
123.0
9.6
:
:
:
1347.0
:
1005.8
16.2
2821.4
1.9
Sugar
beet(3)
Rape(4)
Sunflower(5)
113696.2
4711.6
0.0
3898.9
2700.0
25028.1
0.0
0.0
761.5
3966.1
35492.7
3547.9
0.0
0.0
877.8
0.0
770.5
0.0
5858.0
3456.2
10294.2
8.0
650.1
0.0
1160.7
675.7
2493.2
7345.0
:
:
:
1508.4
1168.0
19179.1
57.2
519.9
1046.1
508.3
3869.5
123.6
0.0
39.7
61.9
5368.8
44.2
0.0
220.1
484.3
15.6
527.2
0.0
6.8
179.7
1868.8
0.0
731.7
13.9
332.2
115.1
266.6
2778.0
:
:
9.5
59.5
48.5
8490.3
0.0
1439.7
70.9
0.0
53.2
0.0
0.0
160.5
1084.3
1884.6
274.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1367.8
0.0
0.0
73.7
3.2
12.6
1864.5
0.0
201.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
:
:
:
11.1
85.0
(1) Cereals total: 2008 data for NO; 2009 data for CH; 2010 data for BE, EL.
(2) Field peas: 2008 data for CH; 2009 data for NL; 2010 data for EL, PL.
(3) Sugar beet: 2008 data for CH; 2010 data for EL.
(4) Rape: 2008 data for NO, CH; 2010 data for EL.
(5) Sunflower: 2008 data for CH, 2010 data for EL, PL.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_cpp_crop)
84
Figure 3.1.1: Evolution of cereal and sugar beet production,

EU-27, 2005-2011
(milliontonnes)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
Cereals
2009
2010
2011
Sugar beet
Cereal production tends to fluctuate considerably. After a peak

of 325 million tonnes in 2004, production fell sharply between
2004 and 2007 (20%). Probably in reaction to very high cereal
prices in 2007, production in 2008 increased by 21% compared
to the previous year. Between 2008 and 2010, cereal production
decreased again by approximately 10% compared to 2008. This
was probably due to the unfavourable meteorological conditions,
characterised by imbalances across the continent (spells of unusually high temperatures and water shortages in some areas, compounded by persistent rains that hampered harvesting in other
regions). In 2011, cereal production increased slightly (up 2.3%
compared to the previous year).
Sugar beet production dropped sharply (18%) in 2006, from
a peak of 136 million tonnes in the previous year. Since 2006,
production has been more stable, hovering around the 110 milliontonnes mark (114 milliontonnes in 2011).
85
Figure 3.1.2: Evolution of rape, sunflower, and field peas
production, EU-27, 2005-2011
(milliontonnes)
25
20
15
10
5
0
2005
2006
Rape
2007
2008
Sunflower
2009
2010
2011
Field peas
Rape production followed an upward trend up to 2009 (+24%

in the period 2005-2009), but decreased slightly in the following
years, standing at 19 milliontonnes in 2011.
Sunflower production followed a quite different trend. After
a sharp 29% drop in 2007, production picked up again in 2008
(47% increase relative to 2007). It remained stable during the next
two years, and increased again in 2011 (+21% compared to 2010).
Field peas production dropped between 2005 and 2008 (50% fall
during the period), reaching a low of 1.2 milliontonnes in 2008,
due mainly to declining production in France, which is the largest field peas producer in the EU. The steepest fall in French production (42%) occurred between 2006 and 2007. Since 2008, field
peas production has recovered noticeably, growing by 24% to
1.5 million tonnes in 2011. This upward change is similarly due
mainly to increased production in France.
86
Figure 3.1.3: Share of main crop production between

Member States, 2011
(%)
100
90
80
Others
Others
70
60
40
ES
PL
30
DE
50
ES
FR
Cereals total
(including rice)
Others
Others
UK
PL
PL
HU
UK
BG
DE
FR
20
10
UK
DE
Others
Field peas
FR
Sugar
beet
DE
FR
Rape
RO
FR
Sunflower
The crops in Figure 3.1.3 are produced in almost all the EU Member States. However, a small group of four countries (varying from
crop to crop) is responsible for the bulk of them.
France, Germany, Poland and Spain together produce more than
half of the cereals in the EU-27.
As regards field peas production, France accounts for 43% of the
EU-27, followed by Spain (16%) and Germany (10%).
For sugar beet and rape, France and Germany are the largest
producers, accounting together for 53% and 48% of EU-27
production. It is interesting to note that during the last few
years some of the formerly important sugar beet producers
have almost disappeared. For example, production in Ireland
decreased by 95% between 2005 and 2006 and by 40% the following year. Latvian production had a 97% fall between 2006
and 2007 and the country has had almost no sugar beet production since 2008.
As regards sunflower seed, most of the production is concentrated
in Eastern Europe. Although France is the largest producer (22%),
Romania (22%), Bulgaria (17%) and Hungary (16%) account for
a substantial share of EU sunflower seed production.
87
Cereals
Table 3.1.2: Harvested production of the most
important cereals, 2011
(1000tonnes)
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
HR
Common
wheat(1)
131693
1655
4305
4913
5060
22710
201
925
450
5956
36013
2829
15
940
1869
77
4080
:
1186
1704
9339
54
7182
154
1586
981
2253
15257
0
:
460
550
773
Barley(2)
51817
338
707
1814
3250
8734
294
1408
318
8328
8775
900
41
237
760
38
989
:
204
859
3326
31
1454
79
530
1521
1390
5494
9
:
530
198
194
Grain
maize(3)
67429
790
2209
761
55
5184
0
0
1718
3856
15703
9753
0
0
57
2
8089
:
265
2453
2392
747
11672
349
1366
0
8
0
:
:
:
174
1729
Rye and
maslin(4)
7185
2
20
119
294
2521
31
0
42
367
125
14
0
64
85
5
77
:
6
217
2860
17
29
3
40
78
132
37
:
:
47
16
2
(1) Common wheat: 2008 data for NO; 2009 data for CH; 2010 data for EL.
(2) Barley: 2008 data for NO; 2009 data for CH; 2010 data for EL, PT.
(3) Grain maize: 2009 data for CH; 2010 data for EL, SE.
(4) Rye and maslin: 2008 data for NO; 2009 data for CH; 2010 data for EL.
(5) Rice: 2007 data for IT; 2010 data for EL.
88
Rice(5)
3101
0
60
0
0
0
0
0
230
930
132
1493
0
0
0
0
9
:
0
0
0
182
65
0
0
0
0
0
:
:
:
0
0
Figure 3.1.4: Evolution of wheat, barley and grain maize

production, EU-27, 2005-2011
(milliontonnes)
150
120
90
60
30
0
2005
2006
2007
Wheat
2008
2009
Barley
2010
2011
Grain maize
The most important cereal in the European Union is wheat, with a

production level of approximately 132milliontonnes. Grain maize
and barley production levels stand at 67 and 52 million tonnes,
respectively.
The production of all three cereals peaked in 2008, which was
an exceptionally good year. Production decreased in 2009 (8%
decrease for wheat, 5% for barley and 9% for grain maize). For
barley, the decrease continued until 2011, while wheat production
grew slightly in 2010 and 2011. Grain maize harvest grew substantially (+17%) between 2009 and 2011.
The above graph shows some instability in production for all these
cereals. This instability is mostly due to weather conditions, but
also to instability in world prices. The imbalanced supply and
demand in 2007 resulted in a price increase for cereals, following a long period of decrease. As a consequence, production increased sharply in 2008 (+26% for wheat, +30% for grain maize
and +13% for barley between 2007 and 2008). 2007 was a year
of shortfall in world cereal production, with very low stocks and,
consequently, high market prices, which led to the need to increase cereal production. EU farmers reacted to this with significant production increases.
The graph shows also that wheat and grain maize production tends
to follow a parallel trend, while barley production sometimes follows a different pattern.
89
Figure 3.1.5: Evolution of rye and rice production,
EU-27, 2005-2011
(milliontonnes)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
Rye
2009
2010
2011
Rice
Rye and maslin production tends to fluctuate greatly, decreasing

by 14% between 2005 and 2006, followed by a steady increase between 2006 and 2009 (+50%). After the 2009 peak of 10.2 milliontonnes, production decreased by 21% in 2010 and further by
10% between 2010 and 2011.
In general, rice production fluctuates little, as this cereal needs
specific growing conditions and cannot be easily replaced by other
crops. After the 14% increase in 2009, production has remained
stable around the level of approximately 3 milliontonnes.
90
Figure 3.1.6: Share of cereal production between

Member States, 2011
(%)
100
90
80
Others
Others
Others
Others
Others
70
60
PL
50
UK
40
30
20
10
0
DE
UK
ES
HU
Common
wheat
ES
IT
RO
DE
FR
DE
FR
Barley
PL
IT
FR
Grain maize
Rye and
maslin
Rice
Cereal production is concentrated in a few Member States. For

each cereal presented in the above figure, the first four producing
countries account for more than 60% of production. For rye and
maslin and for rice, the first two producers account for more than
70% of the total harvest.
France and Germany, the two main wheat producers, account for
almost 45% of EU-27 production.
France (17%), Germany (17%) and Spain (16%) are the largest
EU producers of barley, followed by the United Kingdom (11%).
France is the largest EU-27 grain maize producer, accounting for
23% of production. Romania, with 17% of production, has been
the second biggest EU-27 producer since 2009, although in 2007
and 2008 it was producing less than Italy and Hungary. Since 2007,
Romanian maize production has trebled.
Poland (40%) and Germany (35%) account for around 75% of
EU-27 rye and maslin production.
Only eight countries produce rice in the European Union, with
Italy accounting for 48% of EU-27 production, followed by Spain
with 30%.
91
Figure 3.1.7: Harvested production of cereals
by type of cereal, EU-27, 2011
(%)
Rice
1%
Others
10 %
Rye and maslin

2%
Common wheat
46 %
Grain maize
23 %
Barley
18 %
Wheat, barley and grain maize are the most grown cereals in the
European Union.
With harvested production of around 289 milliontonnes, 132 milliontonnes come from wheat production, which represents almost
half of the entire cereal production (45%). The share of wheat in
total cereal production has been fairly stable since 2005.
Grain maize production totalled around 67 million tonnes in
2011, or 23% of the cereal harvested. Barley production totalled
52 million tonnes, accounting for 18% of all cereal production.
The share of barley production has gone down slightly since 2007.
Rye and maslin production totalled approximately 7.1 milliontonnes in 2011, which this year accounted for 2% of cereal
production.
Rice accounted for 1% of production at around 3 milliontonnes.
The production of rice tends to be quite stable over the course of a
year due to the special growing conditions.
92
Main fruits and vegetables production

Table 3.1.3: Harvested production of some fruits
and vegetables, 2011
(1000tonnes)
EU-27
Tomatoes(1)
Carrots(2)
Onions(3)
Apples(4)
Peaches(5)
Oranges(6)
15711
5068
6124
11220
2774
6633
BE
218
317
75
228
BG
103
12
17
40
28
CZ
16
24
46
85
DK
14
107
63
32
DE
77
534
506
898
EE
19
IE
EL
1406
44
188
239
639
802
ES
3821
268
1306
671
802
3120
FR
808
542
352
1711
162
IT
6025
489
381
2411
1026
2470
23
CY
14
LV
19
10
LT
15
64
21
44
LU
HU
165
62
50
235
43
MT
15
NL
815
482
1541
418
AT
50
109
200
303
PL
260
820
630
2516
PT
1245
85
39
247
35
213
RO
561
138
245
625
21
SI
81
SK
19
22
31
FI
40
73
25
SE
15
99
29
22
UK
748
365
359
IS
NO
12
47
19
17
HR
24
22
100
(1) Tomatoes: 2007 data for NO; 2010 data for EL, FR, IT, MT, UK.
(2) Carrots: 2007 data for NO; 2010 data for EL, FR, IT, MT, UK.
(3) Onions: 2005 data for SE; 2007 data for NO; 2010 data for EL, FR, IT, MT, UK.
(4) Apples: 2008 data for NO; 2010 data for EL, FR, MT, UK.
(5) Peaches: 2010 data for EL, FR, MT.
(6) Oranges: 2008 data for EL; 2010 data for ES, FR, MT.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_cpp_fruveg)
93
In the European Union, the most important vegetables in terms
of production are tomatoes (around 15.7 million tonnes), carrots (around 5 million tonnes) and onions (around 6.1 million tonnes). The main fruits are apples (around 11.2 million tonnes), oranges (around 6.6 million tonnes) and peaches
(around 2.8 milliontonnes).
While apples are produced by almost all Member States, orange,
other citrus fruit and peach production is more concentrated in
the southern and Mediterranean countries.
94
Vineyard and olive trees

Table 3.1.4: Vineyard area in production, 2011
(1000 hectares)
EU-27
Vineyard
total
Vineyard
for wine(1)
Vineyard for
table grape(2)
Vineyard
for raisins(3)
22
3238
3108
108
BE
BG
46
44
CZ
16
16
DK
DE
100
100
EE
IE
EL
99
66
14
20
ES
966
950
15
FR
787
780
IT
718
662
56
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
74
71
MT
NL
AT
44
44
PL
PT
180
178
RO
173
165
SI
16
16
SK
10
10
FI
SE
UK
IS
NO
HR
32
32
(1) Vineyard for wine: 2010 data for EL, FR, UK.
(2) Table grapes: 2010 data for CZ, DE, EL, FR.
(3) Raisins: 2010 data for CY, EL.
95
The vineyard area in the EU-27 totalled 3.24 million hectares in
2011, of which 96% is dedicated to wine production. The European Union is the largest wine production region in the world.
Within the EU-27, Spain has the largest vineyard area (30%), followed by France (24%) and Italy (22%).
Italy and Greece are the main countries for vineyard area dedicated to the production of dessert grapes and raisins respectively.
Olive oil is another key EU Mediterranean product. 99% of the
area planted with olive trees is concentrated in four countries
(Spain, Italy, Greece and Portugal), while Spain alone accounts for
half of the area.
Figure 3.1.8: Allocation of the EU-27 vineyard area, 2011
(%)
Vineyard for wine

96.0 %
Vineyard for raisins

0.7 %
Vineyard for table grape

3.3 %
96
Figure 3.1.9: Share of vineyard area between Member States,

2011
(%)
Others
18 %
ES
30 %
PT
6%
IT
22 %
FR
24 %
Figure 3.1.10: Distribution of the EU-27 olive trees area, 2011

(%)
IT
23%
ES
51%
EL
18%
Others PT
1% 7%
Agriculture, shery and forestry statistics
97
Land Use
Table 3.1.5: Agricultural land use, 2010
Land under
permanent
crop
Land under
permanent
grassland
24.5
2.6
13.2
44.5
27.3
0.7
16.4
11100
45.5
28.5
1.5
15.3
CZ
7887
44.7
32.3
0.5
11.9
DK
4310
62.0
56.9
0.1
4.8
DE
35713
46.8
33.2
0.6
13.0
EE
4523
9.0
9.0
0.1
6.6
IE
7029
64.9
14.3
0.0
50.6
EL
13198
27.9
14.3
8.7
1.3
ES
50537
47.9
25.1
9.2
12.5
FR
63795
45.9
29.3
1.6
15.4
IT
30132
42.8
23.3
7.9
11.5
CY
925
12.7
9.5
2.8
0.4
LV
6456
28.0
18.2
0.1
9.7
LT
6530
42.5
32.6
0.5
9.4
LU
259
50.7
24.0
0.6
26.1
HU
9303
57.4
46.3
1.9
8.2
MT
32
36.2
32.2
4.0
0.0
NL
3736
50.1
27.1
1.0
21.8
AT
8387
37.7
16.3
0.8
20.6
PL
31268
50.2
38.7
1.2
10.3
PT
9191
39.9
12.2
7.7
19.8
RO
23839
59.4
38.4
1.3
19.1
SI
2027
23.8
8.4
1.3
14.1
SK
4904
39.2
27.6
0.5
10.5
FI
33842
6.8
6.7
0.0
0.1
SE
45030
6.8
5.8
0.0
1.0
UK
24410
70.6
26.5
0.1
45.9
Area Total
UAA
Arable Land
441412
40.3
BE
3053
BG
1000 ha
EU-27
NO
CH
4129
36.8
9.7
1.4
26.1
HR
5659
23.6
15.9
1.5
6.1
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_cpp_luse)
98
Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) represents 40% of the whole

EU-27 territorial area. The share of UAA in the total area varies
greatly from country to country, from only 7% in Finland and
Sweden to 71% in the United Kingdom.
Belonging to the UAA, arable land represents around one quarter
of the whole EU-27 territory. Denmark has the highest share of
arable land (57%).
Permanent grassland represents 13% of EU-27 territory, with big
differences between Member States. While permanent grassland
accounts for 46% and 51% of the total area in the United Kingdom and Ireland respectively, extreme northern and southern
countries (Finland and Cyprus) have less than 1% of their land
under permanent grassland.
Land under permanent crops represents less than 3% of the total
EU-27 area. However, several southern countries have a higher
share of land under permanent crops (around 9% in Spain and
Greece, around 8% in Italy and Portugal).
99
3.2 Livestock and meat production

This chapter presents information on livestock numbers and meat
production in the European Union (EU). The EU consisted of
15Member States (EU-15) from 1995 to 2004, 25 Member States
(EU-25) from 2004 to 2006 and 27 Member States (EU-27) from
2007 onwards.
The data are obtained directly from the EU Member States,
in line with the requirements of EU legislation and specific
agreements on animal production statistics. The data are then
used not only by European and national institutions, but also
by third country administrations, stakeholders, scientists and
the general public for policy making, risk management, market
analysis, production forecasts, research, information, etc. More
detailed statistical data on animal production are available on
Eurostats website. The website also contains metadata describing the scope of statistical collections and brief descriptions of
the methodology used.
Serious outbreaks of animal diseases, such as the BSE crisis in 1996
and 2000, foot-and-mouth disease in 2001 and avian influenza in
2005, had disturbing effects not only on EU animal production,
but also on society and the economy in general. Trade globalisation, consumer demands and EU enlargement also present new
challenges to EU animal production. To face these challenges, the
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) aims to:

stabilise EU markets;
ensure a fair standard of living for farmers;
restore levels of consumption of animal products; and
make EU animal products more competitive on the world market.
The main existing market measures are direct payments to producers and public/private storage.
Whereas the meat price has increased continuously since 2010,
reflecting an earlier global trend, EU meat production was not automatically stimulated for every animal species. Various economic
factors (input price, currency rates) and regulatory factors (CMO
reforms, the environment and welfare measures) may also help to
explain this complex phenomenon.
100
Figure 3.2.1: EU Livestock numbers, 1995-2011

(million heads)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
Goats
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: apro_mt_lscatl; apro_mt_lspig; apro_mt_lssheep

and apro_mt_lsgoat)
Cattle and sheep livestock numbers have fallen slightly over the
past decade, while the numbers of pigs and goats have stabilised
in the EU as a whole.
From 2010 to 2011 the number of cattle, pigs, sheep and goats in
the EU decreased by 1.4%, 1.7%, 1.3% and 3.0% respectively in
those Member States with a significant herd.
101
Table 3.2.1: Animal slaughtering by species, 2011
(1000tonnes)
EU-27
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Goats
Poultry
7844.2
22388.0
731.6
58.8
12385.3
495.8
BE
272.3
1108.3
2.4
0.1
BG
5.0
48.2
2.4
0.0
98.4
CZ
72.1
262.9
0.2
0.0
170.1
DK
133.0
1718.4
1.5
0.0
186.3
DE
1159.0
5598.0
22.0
0.0
1425.0
EE
7.6
31.0
0.1
0.0
17.4
IE
546.8
233.7
48.1
0.0
128.2
EL
59.2
115.1
71.2
33.6
175.2
ES
605.6
3479.5
131.7
10.4
1387.1
FR
1559.4
1998.3
85.3
7.4
1733.0
IT
1009.2
1570.2
32.5
1.2
1219.9
CY
4.8
55.2
2.6
2.4
27.4
LV
17.1
23.5
0.2
0.0
22.8
LT
41.1
58.9
0.1
0.0
75.6
LU
8.9
9.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
HU
26.0
387.3
0.2
0.0
383.5
MT
1.1
7.3
0.1
0.0
4.2
NL
381.6
1347.2
12.9
1.9
857.2
AT
217.1
543.8
7.5
0.8
110.9
PL
379.9
1810.8
0.6
0.1
1384.8
PT
96.0
383.8
10.1
0.9
292.1
RO
27.5
253.5
4.1
0.0
293.9
SI
35.6
23.0
0.1
0.0
58.3
SK
11.3
56.9
0.5
0.0
56.7
FI
82.7
201.8
0.9
0.0
101.5
SE
147.8
256.1
5.1
0.0
119.8
UK
936.6
806.0
289.3
0.2
1560.1
HR
53.8
88.2
0.6
0.0
60.8
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mt_pann)
102
Figure 3.2.2: Slaughter by Member States, 2011

(1000tonnes)
Adult cattle
Young cattle
Other
EU-27
21 %
FR
20%
ES
24 %
Other
EU-27
37%
IT
12 %
DE
16%
FR
22 %
Poultry
Pigs
FR
14 %
Other
EU-27
30 %
UK
14%
IT
13%
NL
21 %
Other
EU-27
28 %
DE
25 %
UK
13 %
ES
11 %
IT
10 %
PL
11 %
IT
7%
DK
8%
DE
11 %
ES
15 %
PL
8%
FR
9%
Sheep and goats

Other
EU-27
20 %
UK
37 %
FR
12 %
EL
13 %
ES
18 %
103
Cattle under one year are here called young cattle and the others
adult cattle. Their meat is called veal and beef respectively.
Spain, the Netherlands and France produce almost two thirds
(66%) of the veal produced in the EU. France, Germany and the
United Kingdom produce half (50%) of beef meat.
Germany, Spain and France supply almost half (49%) of the EU
production of pigmeat. Five Member States (France, the United
Kingdom, Spain, Germany and Poland) account for 60% of total
EU production of poultry meat.
The United Kingdom and Spain produce more than half (55%) of
the sheep or goat meat produced in the EU.
Figure 3.2.3: Slaughter index (in weight) by species, EU-27,
1995-2011
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
60
Young cattle
Poultry 1
Pigs
Adult cattle
Goats
Sheep
(1) Poultry: starting index 2004=104.5.
From 2010 to 2011, meat production increased for beef, veal and
sheep, although it decreased for goat. Since 1995, meat production
in the EU-27 has fallen for adult cattle, sheep and goats, while the
production of pigmeat has increased.
104
The weight of pigmeat produced rose rapidly between 1997

and 1999, dropped slightly between 1999 and 2001, then slowly
picked up again until 2007 when a new maximum was recorded.
It increased by 3.5% in 2010, reaching its previous level in 2011.
Poultry slaughter has increased consistently since 2006, and by
1.8% in 2011.
The production of meat from grazing livestock decreased between
1995 and 2005 with some fluctuation, and has fallen since then.
The increase of calf meat since 2009 production is confirmed.
Some methodological changes may have impacted the statistics in
2009. Nevertheless the trends displayed in meat production are
confirmed in the longer term (except for goat meat).
The bovine meat price index is being pushed up globally by growing consumption. This has been reflected at EU level since mid2010. Production (shown in Figure 3.2.4. as production over the
preceding 12 months to even out seasonal effects) grew in 2010 in
response to attractive prices. However, the production level rose to
a maximum in 2011 before dropping back down.
Figure 3.2.4: Meat of bovine animals, price and production,
2005-2012
(index 1995=100 and milliontonnes of carcass weight)
price index base 1995
116
114
112
110
108
106
104
102
100
98
96
2005
2006
2007
meat production
8.6
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
2008
Price index
2009
2010
2011
2012
Meat production
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: apro_mt_pwgtm and apri_pi05_outq)
105
Table 3.2.2: Cattle slaughtering by animal category, 2011
(1000tonnes)
All Cattle
Calves(1)
Heifers
Cows
Bullocks
Bulls
in 1000 tonnes
EU-27
7844.2
1047.0
1135.1
2338.2
725.1
2611.7
BE
272.3
52.9
4.1
129.5
0.2
85.7
BG
5.0
0.9
0.6
2.3
0.1
1.1
CZ
72.1
0.8
5.8
29.5
0.1
35.9
DK
133.0
30.8
12.0
59.0
3.5
27.7
DE
1159.0
54.0
150.0
398.0
11.0
550.0
EE
7.6
0.2
0.6
4.7
0.1
1.9
IE
546.8
1.3
141.8
106.4
209.8
87.4
GR
59.2
11.7
6.8
7.2
0.2
33.4
ES
604.1
244.7
84.1
91.9
2.1
181.2
FR
1559.4
226.0
163.1
690.7
92.9
386.6
IT
1009.2
128.8
179.2
139.6
6.4
555.3
CY
4.8
0.9
0.5
1.4
0.0
2.1
LV
17.1
1.0
2.7
8.8
0.0
4.6
LT
41.1
0.5
5.7
17.9
0.0
17.0
LU
8.9
0.2
1.8
2.6
0.3
3.9
HU
26.0
0.4
2.7
18.2
0.0
4.7
MT
1.1
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.7
NL
381.6
218.7
3.0
140.4
0.0
19.4
AT
217.1
7.3
29.8
61.9
11.0
110.7
PL
379.9
9.5
47.1
124.7
0.0
198.6
PT
96.0
23.0
12.2
18.4
0.8
41.6
RO
29.1
6.4
2.3
14.1
1.2
4.0
SI
35.6
2.3
3.6
6.0
0.3
23.4
SK
11.3
0.1
0.9
5.8
0.0
4.5
FI
82.7
0.4
9.2
24.2
0.0
48.9
SE
147.8
14.3
13.6
42.0
14.3
63.5
UK
936.6
3.6
252.0
192.5
370.7
117.8
(1) Including other young cattle under one year.
106
Figure 3.2.5: Cattle slaughtered by animal category, 2011

(1000tonnes)
250
200
150
100
50
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Bulls
Cows
Heifers
Calves
Bullocks
Young cattle
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mt_pwgtm)
Overall, the trend for beef meat production followed that for the
slaughter of cows and bulls (63% of meat is from bovine animals),
with peaks in March and November 2011 respectively.
107
3.3 milk and milk products

This chapter presents information on milk production in the European Union (EU). The EU was composed of 15 Member States
(EU-15) from 1995 to 2004, 25 Member States (EU-25) from 2004
to 2006, and 27 Member States (EU-27) from 2007 onwards.
Milk collection in the EU-27 rose in 2011, fuelled by dynamic demand and attractive milk prices. The increased milk production was
converted into yoghurts, cheese and other value-added dairy products which increased production in line with demand; the production levels of dairy commodities (butter and skimmed milk powder)
were lower. The average milk price paid to producers in 2011 was
well above that paid in the two previous years. The EU dairy market
was therefore in much better health in 2011 than during the previous year. As a result of high global demand, EU milk prices reached
a historically high level in late 2007, followed by a collapse in demand which was partly due to the global economic and financial
crisis, which led in turn to historically low EU milk prices in 2009
and caused a crisis in the dairy sector. However, the first months of
2012, this trend appeared to be slowing down.
108
Table 3.3.1: Cows milk apparent yield, 2010
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL1
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
Cows' milk
production
on farms
1000 tonnes
149300
3111
1124
2683
4910
29594
675
5350
744
6357
24000
11399
151
831
1733
295
1685
c
11941
3258
12279
1957
4500
604
918
2336
2862
13960
Number of dairy cows

december
Apparent yield
1000 heads
23122
518
308
375
573
4182
97
1027
144
845
3718
1746
23
164
360
46
239
6
1518
533
2529
243
1179
110
159
284
349
1847
kg/head
6457
6009
3647
7146
8569
7077
6999
5209
5164
7521
6455
6529
6454
5063
4815
6420
7050
c
7866
6115
4855
8045
3818
5515
5763
8218
8211
7558
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: apro_mk_farm and apro_mt_lscatl)
The production of cows milk reflects how important the milk sector is and the apparent yield shows how efficient it is. There can be a
significant discrepancy between the yield of cows milk at farm level
and the amount collected by dairies, especially when the dairy farms
themselves process the milk produced or use it, e.g. for feed.
Four Member States (Germany, France, Poland and United Kingdom) produce 53% of the cows milk in the EU. The average yield
is over 8000 kg per year in Denmark, Portugal, Finland and Sweden, and less than 4000kg per year and per cow in Bulgaria and
Romania, where there is a combination of limited development
and numerous small herds.
109
Table 3.3.2: Collection of milk and dairy production, 2011
(1000tonnes)
Cows'
milk
Other
species
Drinking
Milk
Cream
for Direct
Consum.
Milk collected
EU-27
Milk
Butter
Powder
Cheese
Products obtained
139470
3197
31519
2402
2080
2062
9038
BE
3101
667
171
167
72
81
BG
549
31
67
69
CZ
2366
648
47
29
27
113
DK
4800
472
67
150
119
276
DE
29764
5238
547
494
476
2111
EE
642
89
27
41
IE
5536
509
21
105
146
180
209
EL1
673
701
461
17
22
ES
5838
684
3612
112
14
42
307
FR
25127
827
3617
389
412
424
1932
IT
1171
10480
636
2653
121
102
CY
153
39
76
16
LV
662
65
33
29
LT
1317
91
17
11
103
LU
281
HU
1308
345
65
NL
11642
190
527
273
187
750
AT
2896
16
752
63
34
154
PL
9309
1454
232
130
142
676
PT
1842
35
851
18
17
28
72
RO
897
19
220
47
62
SI
526
156
14
18
SK
812
296
35
31
FI
2255
726
60
22
51
109
SE
2850
877
110
58
25
103
UK
13805
7001
248
117
130
355
HR
626
332
26
30
(1) EL: 2010 data.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mk_pobta,)
Cows milk represents almost all the milk collected in EU, but milk
from other species (ewe, goat and buffalo) is of higher value and
can represent an important share of the production at national
level. For example, ewes milk accounts for 40% of the milk collected in Greece.
110
In terms of product weight, drinking milk is of course the most

important commodity. But comparing a given weight of milk
powder with a weight of drinking milk is of limited significance.
An index, expressing each annual weight relative to the figure for
the previous year, can be chained over years. Such an index can
display the values for comparable products and can take account
of changes in coverage (e.g. EU enlargement).
In order to compare the products on the basis of their milk content, the figures are also expressed relative to how much milk they
use. This makes it possible also to assess the change in heterogeneous groups of products, such as cheeses.
Over the past 15 years there has been remarkably little change in
the quantity of cows milk collected in the expanding EU, due to
the milk quota system. With respect to the products obtained,
there has been a notable increase since 1995 in cheese production (+8%) and (to a lesser extent) in cream production for
direct consumption (+6%). The production of butter reflects that
of skimmed milk powder, a residual product, but the range is narrower.
Figure 3.3.1: Trend in collection of cows milk and products
obtained, EU-15, 1995-2011
(index 1995=100)
120
110
100
90
80
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
70
Cheese
Skimmed-milk powder
Cream
Cows' milk collected
Drinking milk
Butter
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mk_cola)
111
Figure 3.3.2: Utilisation of whole milk, EU-27, 2011
(%)
Other manufactured
products
2.1 %
Drinking milk
12.6 %
Cream for direct
consumption
11.8 %
Cheese
36.1 %
Other fresh products

6.0 %
Milk powder
3.4 %
Butter
28 %
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mk_pobta)
Figure 3.3.3: Cows milk collected, EU-27, 2011

(%)
DE
21.2 %
Other
24.1 %
ES
4.3 %
FR
17.8 %
PL
6.7 %
IT
7.4 %
NL
8.4 %
UK
10.0 %
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mk_cola)
Utilisation of whole milk reflects how fat content of milk has been used
and avoids double accounting (e.g. skimmed milk and cream being
drawn from the same material). Of the whole milk collected (from cows,
sheep, goats and buffalos) in 2011, 30% was used to produce fresh products. Drinking milk and cream for direct consumption each accounted
for about 13% of the milk. Other fresh products, such as yoghurt and
milk-based drinks, made up about 6%. Over two-thirds of the whole
milk was used for manufactured products, mainly butter and cheese.
112
Figure 3.3.4: Producer milk price, EU27, 2005-2011

(index 2005=100)
Collection (Mio t)
38
Price index (2005=100) deflated

140
37
130
36
120
35
110
34
100
33
90
32
80
31
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Cows' milk collection
2010
2011
70
Milk price index
By calendar quarter.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mk_colm)
In 2011 (as in previous years) six Member States Germany,

France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy and Poland
together contributed more than 70% of the cows milk collected
in the EU.
Overall, milk production has increased, the price has changed and
the range has broadened, reflecting market stress on the additional
quantities at the margin, either on supply (2009-2010) or on demand (2008). The increasing supply in 2011 has put pressure on
prices which started to decrease in 2012.
113
Agriculture
and the environment
Agriculture and the environment
4.1. Cropping and livestock patterns

This chapter presents data on agriculture and the environment
within the European Union (EU) from the agricultural census
2010. Comparisons are made to the census year 2000. Please note
that data for 2010 are provisional for Belgium, Greece, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom. Data for 2000 are only available
for EU-15. For methodological notes, see chapter 1 Agricultural
census 2010.
Cropping patterns provide an insight into the relationship between the environment and farming developments within the
EU. Agricultural areas are mostly used for growing arable crops
(such as cereals, fodder crops, oil seed, vegetables), permanent
crops (like citrus trees, olive trees, vineyards), and permanent
grasslands. The latter (when extensively managed) are generally
considered as the most important agricultural area from a nature
conservation perspective, providing habitats for many wild plants
and animal species.
Livestock patterns are an indicator of the pressure of livestock
farming on the environment. Livestock, through manure production and the subsequent application of manure to the land and
enteric fermentation in ruminants, contributes to climate change
(greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions). The production of manure
and the application of manure also leads to emissions of air pollutants such as NH3 and NOx. Excess supply of nutrients to the
soil can also cause nutrients to leach into water, leading to water
pollution and eutrophication.
Livestock production depends on the availability of agricultural
land to supply animal feed. Total livestock density, defined as the
ratio of total livestock (including battery (indoor) animals such
as pigs and poultry) to the total utilised agricultural area (UAA),
and is therefore an indicator of the intensity of livestock production. Furthermore, livestock is commonly split into herbivores
(equidae, cattle, sheep, goat) and granivores (pig and poultry),
reflecting their different diets. Granivores are usually fed with
specific feedstuffs. As a result, farms raising granivores therefore
do not necessarily need agricultural land. By contrast, herbivores
are grazing livestock which can either be raised free-range and
directly graze on pasture or be kept indoors and fed with harvested fodder.
117

A specific stocking rate, the grazing livestock density, can therefore be calculated for such livestock, defined as the ratio of the
total herbivores on the total fodder area. In general, high grazing
livestock density increases the risk of overgrazing, which can have
devastating effects on grasslands (e.g. soil erosion, desertification
in arid regions, nutrient pollution of waters and loss of biodiversity), while low grazing livestock density indicates potential for
scrub and woodland invasion of meadows and loss of soil fertility
due to insufficient supply of nutrients.
118
Cropping patterns
Figure 4.1.1: Cropping patterns share of main land types,
EU-27, NO, CH and HR, 2010
(% of UAA)
EU-27
EU-15
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL(1)
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU(1)
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
NO
CH
HR
0
10
20
30
40
50
Cereals
60
70
80
90
100
Temporary grassland
Other arable crops
Kitchen gardens
Permanent grasslands
Permanent crops
(1) Provisional data.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_oluaareg).
119

Figure4.1.1shows the cropping patterns in the EU-27, Norway,
Switzerland and Croatia in 2010. Arable landcovered 60% of the
Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA), permanent grasslands 34% and
permanent crops 6% while kitchen gardens were negligible.
Cropping patterns vary significantly between Member States in
2010.
In Finland almost the entire UAA (98%) was devoted to arable
land. Other countries with high shares (over 80%) of UAA devoted to arable land are Denmark, Hungary, Sweden and Norway.
Cereals covered 33% of total UAA in the EU-27, while in
Denmark, Hungary and Poland at least half of the UAA was covered by cereals.
Temporary grasslandcover only 6% of total UAA in the EU-27,
but cover a significant part of the UAA in Sweden (37%) and
Norway (47%).
The Mediterranean countries (Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal and
Cyprus) tended to have a much higher proportion of permanent
crops (between 17 and 27%) than the corresponding shares recorded in other Member States. This may be due to favorable climatic conditions and to the commercial importance of crops such
as olive trees, vineyards or other fruit trees.
Permanent grassland covers a significant share of the UAA in most
Member States. In Ireland and the United Kingdom this share is
especially high (80% and 62% respectively), which may be associated with relatively high numbers of grazing animals (see also the
section livestock patterns). In Finland, Malta and Cyprus, permanent grassland is negligible.
Malta was the only Member State to report a significant share of its
UAA (10%) devoted to kitchen gardens.
For EU-15 the cropping patterns did not change significantly
between 2000 and 2010. In 2010 the share of arable land in total
UAA was 56% whilein 2000 it was 57%.The share of permanent
grassland in total UAA in 2010 was 36%while this sharewas35%
in 2000. The share of permanent crops in total UAAremained 8%.
120
Livestock patterns
Figure 4.1.2: Livestock patterns Total livestock densities,
EU-27 and NO, 2000-2010
(LSU/ha of UAA)
MT
NL
BE (1)
DK
CY
LU (1)
NO
IE
SI
DE
AT
FR (3)
EU-27 (2)
IT
PL
EL (1)
ES
PT
SE
HU
CZ
FI
RO
SK
LT
EE
LV
BG
UK (3)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2010
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
2000
(1) Excluding UK in 2010.

(2) BE, EL, LU 2010: provisional data.
(3) Excluding oversees areas in 2000.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: ef_oluaareg; ef_olslsureg; ef_ov_lsft

and ef_lu_ovcropaa ).
121

Figure 4.1.3: Livestock patterns Grazing livestock densities,
EU-27 and NO, 2000-2010
(LSU/ha of fodder area)
MT
CY
BE (1)
NL
EL (1)
LU (1)
DK
DE
NO
PL
IE
FR (3)
SI
EU-27 (2)
FI
IT
AT
CZ
SE
HU
RO
ES
PT
BG
LT
SK
EE
LV
UK (3)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2010
2.0
2.5
3.0
2000
(1) Excluding UK in 2010.

(2) BE, EL, LU 2010: provisional data.
(3) Excluding oversees areas in 2000.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: ef_ov_lsft and ef_lu_ovcropaa ).
Figure 4.1.2 shows the total livestock densities and Figure 4.1.3
the grazing livestock densities in 2000 and 2010 for the EU-27 and
Norway. Data for UK are not available.
The total livestock density measures the stock of animals (cattle,
sheep, goats, equidae, pigs, poultry and rabbits) expressed in livestock units (LSU) per hectare of Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA).
The grazing livestock density measures the stock of grazing animals
(cattle, sheep, goats and equidae) expressed in livestock units (LSU)
per hectare of fodder area. The fodder area is the sum of the areas of
fodder brassicas and roots, forage plants and permanent grassland.
122
The average total livestock density in the EU-27 (excluding United

Kingdom) in 2010 was 0.78 LSU/ha UAA while the average grazing livestock density was 1.02 Grazing LSU per hectare of fodder
area. Data for 2000 was only available for EU-15, Norway, Hungary, Latvia, Slovenia and Slovakia. In most of these countries the
total livestock density decreased between 2000 and 2010, while
it remained rather stable in Italy and Norway and decreased in
Denmark, Spain and Austria. The grazing livestock density also
decreased in most countries except in Slovakia and Spain, where
itremained more or less stable,andin Austria, where it increased.
In 2010, the highest totallivestock densities were found in Malta,
the Netherlands and Belgium. Similarly,the highest grazing livestock densities were found also in those countries and Cyprus. The
lowest total and grazing livestock densities were found in Slovakia,
Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and Bulgaria.
Map 4.1.1: Total livestock density, by NUTS 2 regions, 2010
(LSU/ha of UAA)
Guade oupe (F )
artini ue (F )
Guyane (F )
100
A ores ( T)
20
adeira ( T)
Canarias (ES)
20
union (F )
100
20
a at
10
Liechtenstein
(LSU/ha UAA)
Administrative boundaries: EuroGeographics UN-FAO Turkstat

Cartography: Eurostat GISCO, 10/2012
0
10
10 1
1
20
20
ata not avai abe
200
00
00
00 km
(1) BE, EL, LU and RO, provisional; DE, by NUTS 1 regions.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_oluaareg and ef_olslsureg)
123

Map 4.1.2: Grazing livestock density, by NUTS 2 regions, 2010
(LSU/ha of fodder area)
Guade oupe
Guyane
A ores
ES
100
20
adeira
Canarias
100
20
union
artini ue
20
a at
10
iechtenstein
gra n
ig
SU/ha o
odder area

0
10
10 1
1
20
20
ata not avai abe
200
00
00
00 km
(1) BE, EL, LU and RO, provisional; DE, by NUTS 1 regions.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ef_oluaareg and ef_olslsureg)
Livestock densities vary not only at European level but also at

Member State level. For instance Map 4.1.1 shows that the total
livestock densities in 2010 are higher in central regions of Poland
than in the outlying regions, the same can be seen for grazing livestock densities for Poland in Map 4.1.2. Those maps are at NUTS2
level. Data for Belgium, Greece and Luxembourg are provisional
and data for the United Kingdom are not available at the time this
text is published.
It should be noted that in the Census 2000 in some countries
(Hungary, Ireland; Greece; United Kingdom, France, Germany
and Slovenia) common land area was not included in the agricultural census. For these countries the total livestock densities
and grazing livestock densities may have been overestimated in
2000. In the Census 2010 common lands have been included in
all countries.
124
4.2. organic farming

Organic production is an overall system of farm management and
food production that combines best environmental practices, a
high level of biodiversity, the preservation of natural resources,
the application of high animal welfare standards and a production
method in line with the preference of certain consumers for products produced using natural substances and processes.
Organic farming differs from other agricultural production methods in the application of regulated standards (production rules),
compulsory control schemes and a specific labelling scheme.
A relatively small but growing proportion of agricultural holdings
practise organic farming. In the EU-27 around 250000 holdings
were certified as organic in 2010.
125

Table 4.2.1: Organic holdings (producers) and organic area,
2005-2010
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
NO
CH
Organic producers
% of all
(1000)
holdings
2005
2010
2007
0.7
1.1
1.7
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.8
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.7
6.4
17.0
21.9
5
1.0
1.4
5.2
1.0
1.4
0.9
15.7
21.3
2.8
15.3
27.9
1.7
11.4
20.6
2.3
44.9
41.8
2.7
:
:
:
2.9
3.6
3.8
:
2.6
:
0.1
:
3.5
:
1.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
:
1.4
1.5
1.8
20.4
22.1
12
7.2
20.6
:
1.6
:
0.7
:
3.0
:
1.7
2.2
:
0.2
0.4
0.4
4.6
4.0
5.9
3.0
5.2
3.9
4.3
4.9
1.8
2.6
2.8
5.2
6.4
5.7
:
Organic area
(1000ha)
2005
23.0
:
255.0
134.1
807.4
59.7
34.9
288.7
807.6
550.5
1069.5
1.7
118.6
64.5
:
128.6
0.0
48.8
479.8
161.5
233.5
:
23.5
90.2
147.6
222.7
609.0
43.0
116.6
% of total UAA
2010
49.0
25.6
435.6
162.9
990.7
121.6
:
309.8
1615.0
845.4
1113.7
:
166.3
143.6
:
127.6
0.0
46.2
545.2
522.0
211.0
182.7
30.7
174.5
169.2
438.7
699.6
57.2
110.9
2010
3.6
0.5
12.4
6.1
5.9
12.8
1.1(s)
8.4
6.7
2.9
8.6
2.8(s)
9.2
5.2
2.8(s)
2.4
0.2
2.5
17.2
3.3
5.8
1.3
6.4
9.1
7.4
14.3
4.1
:
:
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: food_act2; ef_ov_kvaaesu; food_in_porg1 and

apro_cpp_luse)
126
Figure 4.2.1: Share of total organic area (fully converted and

in-conversion area) in the total utilised agricultural area (UAA),
EU-27, 2005-2010 (1)
(%)
AT
SE
EE
CZ
LV
SK
IT
EL
FI
ES
SI
DK
DE
PT
LT
EU-27
UK
BE
PL
FR
CY
LU
NL
HU
RO
IE
BG
MT
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2005
2010
(1) Bulgaria, Romania 2006/2010; Ireland, Cyprus 2005/2009, Luxembourg 2004/2009.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes food_in_porg1 and apro_cpp_luse)
By the end of 2010, the area devoted to organic farming (sum of

fully converted and in-conversion area), certified under Regulation
(EC) No 834/2007, covered 9.2 millionhectares in the EU-27, while
in 2005 it covered around 6.5 million ha. This represents an increase
of around 42% over the period 2005-2010. The organic farming area
reached 5.1% of the total utilised agricultural area (UAA) of the
EU-27 in 2010, compared to 3.6% in 2005.
127
Economy of EU
rural regions
Economy of EU rural regions
Introduction
This chapter presents economic data on the context of rural development, making use of the urban-rural typology. It will focus on
the predominantly rural regions which are also referred to as rural
regions. The economic data are derived from the regional account.
The European system of national and regional accounts (ESA95)
collects comparable, up-to-date and reliable information on the
structure and developments of the economy of the Member States
of the European Union and their respective regions. A basic measure of a countrys overall economic health in particular is its Gross
Domestic Product (GDP).
GDP is an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of
the gross value added of all resident institutional units (i.e. industries) engaged in production, plus any taxes, and minus any
subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs.
Gross value added is the difference between output and intermediate consumption.
In this chapter the regional GDP is converted into an artificial
common currency, referred to as the purchasing power standard
(PPS), which enables the purchasing power of countries using different national currencies to be compared. Theoretically, one PPS
can buy the same amount of goods and services in each country.
PPS is the technical term used by Eurostat for the common currency in which national and regional accounts aggregates are
expressed when adjusted for price level differences using purchasing power parities (PPPs). Thus, PPPs can be interpreted as the
exchange rate of the PPS against the euro. It should be explained
that this chapter refers to the aggregate at current market price.
131
5.1 The urban-rural typology

The urban-rural typology is a European Union (EU) geographical
typology based on a definition of urban versus rural grid cells of
1 km each.
For a grid cell to be defined as urban it has to fulfil two conditions:
1. A population density of at least 300 inhabitants per km;
2. A minimum population of 5000 inhabitants in contiguous(4)
cells above the density threshold.
All other cells are considered as rural.
Based on the share of the rural population (i.e. living in rural grid
cells), the NUTS 3 regions have been classified into the following
three groups:
Predominantly urban region: the rural population is less than
20% of the total population;
Intermediate region: the rural population is between 20% and
50% of the total population;
Predominantly rural region: the rural population is 50% or
more of the total population.
To resolve the distortion created by extremely small NUTS 3 regions, regions smaller than 500 km are combined for classification purposes with one or more of their neighbours.
Moreover, the typology takes into account the presence of cities
and the following adjustments have been made:
A predominantly rural region which contains an urban centre
of more than 200000 inhabitants representing at least 25% of
the regional population becomes an intermediate region.
An intermediate region which contains an urban centre of
more than 500000 inhabitants representing at least 25% of the
regional population becomes a predominantly urban region.
( 4) Contiguity for urban clusters includes the diagonals (i.e. cells with only the corners touching).
Gaps in the urban cluster are not filled (i.e. cells surrounded by urban cells).
132
Map 5.1.1: Urban-rural typology for NUTS level 3 regions(1)

Guade oupe
Guyane
A ores
ES
100
20
adeira
Canarias
100
20
union
artini ue
20
a at
10
iechtenstein

redominant yurban regions
Intermediate regions
rura popu at
ion is
e
ss than 20
rura popu at
ion is bet een 20
redominant yrura regions
rura popu a
tion is
and
o the tota popu a

tion
0
o tota popu taion
or more o tota popu taion
200
00
00
00km
ata not avai a

be
(1) This typology is based on a definition of urban and rural 1km2 grid cells; urban grid cells fulfil
two condition: (1) a population density of at least 300inhabitants per km2 and (2) a minimum
population of 5000inhabitants in contiguous grid cells above the density threshold; the other
grid cells above the density threshold; the other grid cells are considered rural; for Madeira,
Aoresand the French outermost regions, the population grid is not available, as a result, the
typology uses the OECD classification for these regions.
Source: Eurostat, JRC, EFGS, REGIO-GIS
The EU has 1303 NUTS3 regions, of which 501 are predominantly

rural. As Table 5.1.1 shows, 24 Member States have at least one
predominantly rural region. Luxembourg, Cyprus and Malta do
not currently have any predominantly rural regions. Luxembourg
and Cyprus have one NUTS 3 region classified as intermediate; and
the two Maltese NUTS3 regions are classified as predominantly
urban.
133

Table 5.1.1: Number of NUTS3 regions by urban-rural
typology for EU-27 Member States
EU-27
Predominantly rural
regions
Intermediate
regions
Predominantly urban
regions
501
494
308
1303
BE
13
13
18
44
BG
15
12
28
CZ
14
DK
11
DE
124
208
97
429
EE
IE
EL
44
51
ES
21
26
12
59
FR
54
30
16
100
IT
41
48
18
107
CY
LV
LT
10
LU
HU
13
20
MT
NL
18
21
40
AT
23
35
PL
28
22
16
66
PT
20
30
RO
25
15
42
SI
12
SK
FI
13
20
SE
10
10
21
UK
13
41
79
133
() This version of the urban-rural typology is based on NUTS 2006.
Source: Eurostat, JRC, EFGS, REGIO-GIS
134
Total
5.2 Gross domestic product

per inhabitant in EU rural regions
As Table 5.2.1 shows, the GDP per inhabitant at current market
prices in 2009 was 17100PPS in the EU rural regions, 21000PPS
in the intermediate regions and 29100PPS in urban regions,. The
GDP per inhabitant in rural regions lagged behind the other types
of regions in almost all Member States except three: Denmark,
Portugal and the Netherlands. In the first two countries, GDP values in rural regions were higher than the intermediate values. In
the Netherlands there is only one rural region (Zeeuwsch-Vlaanderen) which had a GDP per inhabitant higher than the other
types of regions due to the significant industrial activity in this
sparsely populated region.
The economic levels of the Member States had a broad impact on
the ranking of the GDP per inhabitant by type of region. For example, Denmark and Ireland recorded a higher GDP as compared
with the EU average in all types of regions. On the other hand, the
Greek rural regions recorded a GDP of 17700 PPS per inhabitant,
i.e. higher than the EU average for rural regions, but below the EU
average for the other types of regions. In contrast, GDP figures in
rural regions in the United Kingdom were 16700PPS, i.e. below
the EU averages, even though the national GDP was above the EU
average.
135

Table 5.2.1: GDP per inhabitant in PPS at current market
prices, by countries and urban-rural typology, 2009
(PPS per inhabitant)
Predominantly
rural regions
Intermediate
regions
Predominantly
urban regions
National
EU-27()
17100
21000
29100
23500
BE
17800
22200
30800
27700
BG
6700
8200
24500
10300
CZ
16000
16400
29300
19300
DK
25600
24500
39400
28900
DE
22900
24200
31700
27200
EE
9700
19800
14900
IE
24600
44200
30000
EL
17700
18700
27100
22100
ES()
20100
22100
27000
24200
FR
19200
22100
33800
25400
IT
21900
23500
27000
24400
23500
23500
CY
LV
7300
9600
16300
12000
LT
8900
12900
19300
12800
LU
62500
62500
HU
10800
11700
34500
15200
MT
19200
19300
NL
34300
28100
31600
31000
AT
23000
31800
34400
29300
PL
10300
13100
21000
14300
PT
15700
14100
22500
18800
RO
7800
10800
26100
11000
SI
17100
17900
29200
20500
SK
13500
14300
41800
17000
FI
22600
24000
37100
26900
SE
24000
24900
40400
28000
UK
16700
21600
27400
26000
() Eurostat estimation for the purpose of the publication.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: urt_e3gdp)
136
5.3 GDP per inhabitant by urban-rural

typology as compared with the national
average
In 2009, as compared with the national GDP average, the lags in
the rural regions differed considerably from country to country.
Figure 5.3.1 shows the GDP per inhabitant in PPS by urban-rural
typology as a percentage of the national GDP. Thus, in Bulgaria,
Slovakia, Romania and Hungary, urban regions recorded a GDP
per inhabitant that was more than twice the national average,
while rural regions remained well below the national average level.
Figure 5.3.1: GDP per inhabitant in PPS at current market
prices by urban-rural typology, 2009
(as percentage of the national average)
250 %
200 %
150 %
100 %
50 %
BG
SK
RO
HU
LT
LV
PL
CZ
IE
SI
SE
FR
FI
EU-27(1)
DK
BE
EL
UK
AT
PT
DE
ES*
IT
NL
EE
0%
Predominantly urban regions

Predominantly rural regions
() Eurostat estimation for the purpose of the publication.
137
5.4 GDP per inhabitant by urban-rural

typology as compared
with the EU average
In 2009, GDP per inhabitant in PPS in the predominantly rural
regions of the EU lagged behind the EU average of 23500PPS per
inhabitant. In Map 5.4.1, the NUTS3 regions are shown according
to their urban-rural types and, within each type, regions have been
divided into two categories, i.e. those regions with a GDP either
above or below the EU average. Around 81% of rural regions posted a GDP per inhabitant in PPS that was below the EU average. In
contrast, only 41% of the predominantly urban regions and 63%
of the intermediate regions recorded a GDP per inhabitant below
the EU average. The economic lags of rural regions were recorded
in 21 of the 24 Member States that have at least one predominantly
rural region.
The GDP per inhabitant in rural regions also covered a narrower
range of values than the other types of regions. Consequently, the
GDP per inhabitant in rural regions ranged from 0.2 to 2.2 times
the EU average compared with a range of 0.4 to 6.0 times the EU
average in urban regions and from 0.2 to 2.7 times the EU average
in intermediate regions.
138
Map 5.4.1: Gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant,

in purchasing power standard (PPS), by NUTS 3 regions
and by urban-rural typology, 2009 ()
Guade oupe
25
Guyane
A ores
100
50
ES
100
20
adeira
Canarias
20
union
artini ue F
20
a at
10
iechtenstein

e o
EU-2
average
Above
EU-2
average
redominant yrura regions
200
00
00
00 km
redominant yurban regions
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nama_r_e3gdp) () Spain, 2008 (except for Asturias
(ES120), Cantabria (ES130), Navarra (ES220), La Rioja (ES230), Madrid (ES300), Murcia
(ES620), Ceuta (ES630) and Melilla (ES640)).
139
5.5 Trend of GDP per inhabitant

between 2000 and 2009
Between 2000 and 2009, the trend in GDP per inhabitant in PPS
followed the same pattern as for the EU average in rural, intermediate and urban regions (see Figure 5.5.1). Moreover, the ranking
order between the different types of regions has stayed the same.
During this period, the average GDP per inhabitant in the EU rural regions actually increased, as it had done in the other regions
between 2000 and 2008, and decreased between 2008 and 2009
due to the crisis. Between 2002 and 2003, and also between 2007
and 2008, there was a slowdown in the economy of EU regions of
all types. In some regions the slowdown was more marked, and
the effects of the crisis have been seen since 2007, for example in
Ireland or in the United Kingdom.. Although the trends between
the types of regions were similar, the relative changes in GDP per
inhabitant in rural regions were different from those in the other
regions, which meant that the nominal changes in GDP per inhabitant in rural regions were more pronounced. Between 2000
and 2008, in particular, rural regions made up their economic lags,
with their GDP increasing by 34.5% or 3.5 percentage points more
than in the EU as a whole. Between 2008 and 2009, their GDP per
inhabitant fell by 6.6% and by 6.0% in the EU as a whole.
Figure 5.5.1: GDP per inhabitant at current prices in PPS,
by urban-rural typology, 2000-2009
28 000
23 000
18 000
13 000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Predominantly urban
EU-27
Intermediate
Predominantly rural
140
2009
2010
5.6 Contribution of the value

added by urban-rural typology
In 2009, the value added in the EU accounted for EUR 10575 billion;
17% of this value added was produced in rural regions, 32% in intermediate regions and 51% in urban regions. As Figure 5.6.1 shows,
the breakdown of the value added by urban rural typology varied
considerably from country to country. For example, the value added
produced in Irish rural regions accounted for 60% of the national
figure, while at the other end of the scale the rural regions of Britain
accounted for only 2% of the national value added. This distribution is influenced by the urban-rural structure of the country and
the economic development and specialization of the rural regions.
Figure 5.6.1: Gross value added at basic prices by urban-rural
typology, 2009
MT
LU
CY
NL
UK
BE
ES ()
DE
EU-27 ()
IT
SE
FR
LV
BG
PL
CZ
LT
PT
AT
EE
RO
HU
EL
SI
FI
DK
SK
IE
0%
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
Predominantly
rural regions
50 %
60 %
Intermediate
regions
70 %
80 %
90 % 100 %
Predominantly
urban regions
() Estimation for the purpose of the publication.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nama_r_vab95r2)
141
5.7 Contribution of the rural regions

to the gross value added
In 2009, the value added in the EU rural regions accounted for
EUR 1771 billion, i.e. 17% of the EU gross value added. Among
the 24 Members having at least one rural region, the contribution of the rural regions to the national gross value added
showed wide variations according to the importance of the rural regions in the country and the amount of the national gross
value added.
Table 5.7.1: Gross value added at basic prices by countries, 2009
(Million EUR)
EU-27()
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE()
EE
IE
EL
ES ()
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
Predominantly rural regions

1771445
16934
7538
34934
73995
311375
3738
86259
70585
104942
369566
252654
3878
7222
25945
3684
76213
75070
44954
34474
11089
22834
54399
48967
26964
National
10575306
304441
30011
127501
191156
2140610
11947
143971
206610
973129
1704548
1376034
15145
16714
23978
33806
77256
5036
509148
248284
275832
148703
106366
30788
57176
150844
255241
1410793
142
In 2009, 42% of the value added provided by agriculture, fishery and forestry activities came from rural regions, as Table 5.7.2
shows. In contrast, these regions produced only 15% of the value
added provided by the tertiary sector. The contributions of rural
regions to the value added were broadly higher in the primary sector than in other sectors, in almost all Member States. However,
there were some discrepancies. The Estonian rural regions contributed 79% of the value added generated by the primary sector,
although the rural regions of the Netherlands accounted for only
1% of the value added of the primary sectors. These contributions
can be explained by the urban-rural structure of the countries in
terms of surface area.
143

Table 5.7.2: Contribution of predominantly rural regions
to the national value added, by industry, 2009
(%)
Agriculture,
fishery and
forestry
Industry
Construction
Tertiary
sectors
15
EU-27()
42
20
20
BE
23
BG
56
36
17
20
CZ
49
33
31
23
DK
67
49
52
36
DE()
35
16
22
13
EE
79
34
37
28
IE
96
71
76
54
EL
78
43
42
30
ES
33
13
10
FR
48
27
26
20
IT
35
18
21
18
LV
52
28
24
21
LT
64
38
35
26
HU
64
43
40
28
NL
AT
70
36
40
27
PL
63
30
28
24
PT
69
33
34
28
RO
55
34
26
30
SI
60
51
40
29
SK
67
49
41
35
FI
67
42
40
33
SE
49
25
20
17
UK
144
Fishery
Fishery
Fish are a natural, biological, mobile (sometimes over wide

distances) and renewable resource. Apart from fish farming, fish
cannot be owned until they have been caught. For this reason,
fish stocks continue to be regarded as a common resource, which
needs to be managed collectively. This has led to a range of policies
that regulate the amount of fishing, as well as the types of fishing
techniques and gear that can be used in fish capture.
Eurostats data-base on fishery statistics contains data on fishery
catches, landings of fishery products, aquaculture production
and fishing fleets. Eurostats programme of fishery statistics
includes collaboration with other international organisations
with responsibilities for fishery statistics. This collaboration is
coordinated through the Coordinating Working Party on Fishery
Statistics (CWP).
147
Fishery
6.1 Total production

Total production is the sum of the total catches and aquaculture
production excluding hatcheries and nurseries. Total production
is recorded in the live weight equivalent of the production.
Three Member States (Denmark 14%, Spain 16%, and the United
Kingdom 13%) accounted for 43% of the EU-27 total fisheries
production in 2010. From 1995 to 2010, EU-27 production gradually declined, although the decline was less pronounced in the last
five years. In 2010 total production was 33% lower than in 1995.
148
Fishery
Table 6.1: Total production - all fishery products, 1995-2010

(tonnes live weight)
EU-27
1995
2000
2005
2010
9253885
8187779
6901897
6203459
22954
BE
36474
31673
25002
BG
12627
10652
8578
18686
CZ
22608
24129
24697
24410
DK
2043638
1577683
949646
860344
DE
302925
271585
330368
270592
EE
132345
113384
100138
95857
IE
419110
329228
327660
365069
192010
EL
184361
194762
198461
ES
1392876
1375722
987311
992654
FR
956367
969097
839994
654756
IT
387359
611522
518680
479000
CY
9772
69360
4267
5506
LV
149719
136728
151160
165367
142773
LT
59082
80985
141726
LU
HU
16674
19987
21270
MT
5539
2820
2072
8717
NL
502596
571005
620578
352228
24513
AT
3322
3286
2790
2517
PL
454483
253481
193167
179681
230578
PT
274509
196694
225967
RO
69105
17099
13337
7186
SI
2956
3037
2573
1710
SK
3567
2255
2648
2296
FI
171774
170935
145642
163161
SE
412145
343374
262240
222677
UK
1003788
900136
841605
809858
IS
1627585
2003603
1669470
1068097
NO
2801970
3190879
3054338
3582405
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: fish_ca_00, fish_aq2a and fish_aq_q)
149
Fishery
6.2 Aquaculture production

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms including fish,
molluscs, crustaceans, aquatic plants and other aquatic organisms.
It includes capture-based aquaculture and the production of
aquatic organisms, harvested by an individual or corporate
body which has owned them throughout their rearing period. It
excludes aquatic organisms which are exploited by the public as a
common property resource; these are the harvest of fisheries.
Farming means some form of intervention in the rearing process
to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding and protection from predators, and involves individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. Capture-based aquaculture is
the practice of collecting seed material, from early life stages to
adults, from the wild and subsequent on-growing to marketable
size using aquaculture techniques.
The level of aquaculture production in the EU-27 remained relatively
stable at between 1.2 milliontonnes and 1.4milliontonnes during
the period 1995 to 2010. The four largest aquaculture producers
among the EU Member States were Spain (20%), France (17%),
the United Kingdom (16%) and Italy (12%), which together
accounted for around two thirds of total aquaculture production
in 2010.
Among the EFTA countries aquaculture production was
extremely high in Norway, higher than the combined output
of the five largest EU Member States. Norwegian production
showed an increase of over 267% from 1995 to 2010. The
development of aquaculture production in this period followed
different patterns across the EU. Of the large producers,
France and Italy decreased their production by about 25%
and 30% respectively, while the UK and Greece increased
their aquaculture production by 115% and 270% respectively.
Spains production fluctuated with a peak in 2000. Mediumsized producers decreased their production by 37% (Germany),
28% (Denmark) and 20% (the Netherlands).
150
Fishery
Table 6.2: Total aquaculture production, 1995-2010

1995
2000
2005
2010
1183643
1398507
1260590
1259677
BE
846
1871
414
351
BG
4615
3654
3145
7920
CZ
18679
19475
20455
20420
DK
44730
43609
39012
32330
DE
64096
65891
44685
40694
EE
315
225
555
573
IE
27366
51247
60050
46188
EU-27
EL
32644
95418
106268
120982
ES
223965
309035
219367
253784
FR
280786
266802
245160
212242
IT
214725
216525
181101
153486
CY
452
1878
2387
4106
LV
525
325
542
549
LT
1714
1996
2013
3218
LU
HU
9360
12886
13661
18297
MT
904
1746
736
6881
NL
83938
75231
71370
66795
AT
2918
2847
2420
2167
PL
25111
35795
37920
30751
PT
4981
7537
6696
8013
RO
19830
9727
7284
4498
SI
789
1181
1346
778
SK
1617
887
955
688
FI
17345
15400
14355
11771
SE
7554
4834
5880
10643
UK
93838
152485
172813
201364
IS
NO
3485
3623
8325
5127
277615
491329
661811
1019712
Source Eurostat: Aquaculture production (online datacodes: fish_aq2a and fish_aq_q)
151
Fishery
The national authorities of EEA countries submit aquaculture production data to Eurostat under the terms of:
Regulation (EC) No 762/2008 of 9 July 2008 on the submission
by Member States of statistics on aquaculture and repealing
Council Regulation (EC) 788/96 (OJ L218 of 13.08.2008).
Regulation (EC) No 788/96 of 22 April 1996 on the submission
by Member States of statistics on aquaculture production (OJ
L108 of 01.05.1996).
152
Fishery
6.3 Catches
The flag of the fishing vessels is used as the primary indication of
the nationality of the catch, though this concept may be varied in
certain circumstances (for example, in the case of joint ventures
and chartering of vessels).
Four Member States (Denmark 17%, Spain 15%, the United Kingdom 12% and France 9%) accounted for 53% of the EU-27 catch
in 2010. This share has declined in recent years from nearly 60%
in 1995.
From 1995 to 2010, the EU-27 catch decreased by 39% mainly as
a result of the sharp reduction in the share of the Danish catch, as
well as the catches of the other largest producers, France, Spain
and the UK. Since 1995, the total EU-27 catch has fallen year-onyear with the exception of 2001 and 2008.
The most important fishing areas for the EU are Area 27 (Northeast Atlantic), 34 (Eastern and Central Atlantic) and 37 (Mediterranean and Black Sea). From 1995 to 2010 catches made by the
EU-27 in the Northeast Atlantic accounted for roughly three quarters of all catches. The share of catches made in Area 34 increased
from 7% to 10% while the Mediterranean catches accounted for
a stable 9% of all catches. Denmark and the UK have traditionally
focused their fishing activity on Area 27. In 2011, the two countries combined made 39% of the total catches in this area. Spains
catches were the most geographically spread.
153
Fishery
Catch statistics are submitted to Eurostat by EEA member countries in compliance with the following EU legislation:
Regulation (EC) No 218/2009 of 11 March 2009 on the submission of nominal catch statistics by Member States fishing in the
North-East Atlantic (OJ L87 of 31.03.2009)
Regulation (EC) No 217/2009 of 11 March 2009 on the submission of catch and activity statistics by Member States fishing in
the North-West Atlantic (OJ L87 of 31.03.2009)
Regulation (EC) No 216/2009 of 11 March 2009 on the submission of nominal catch statistics by Member States fishing in
certain areas other than those of the North Atlantic (OJ L87 of
31.03.2009, p.1)
Regional fisheries organisations and the FAO make the data for
non-EEA countries available to Eurostat.
The national authorities are requested to submit catch statistics for
all commercial, subsistence and recreational fisheries. However
the reporting of data for recreational fisheries is known to be incomplete.
The data are reported as the live weight equivalent of the landings (i.e. the landed weight of a product to which an appropriate
conversion factor has been applied). The data therefore exclude
quantities of fishery products which are caught but not landed. For
example, fish caught but rejected at sea (a non-commercial species, under-sized fish, etc.) or fish consumed on board the vessel.
154
Fishery
Table 6.3.1: Catches- all fishing areas, 1995-2010

1995
2000
2005
2010
8070242
6789271
5641307
4943782
BE
35628
29802
24588
22415
BG
8012
6998
5433
10766
CZ
3929
4654
4242
3990
DK
1998908
1534074
910634
828014
DE
238829
205694
285683
229898
EE
132030
113159
99583
95284
IE
391744
277981
267610
318881
EU-27
EL
151717
99344
92193
71028
ES
1168911
1066687
767944
738870
FR
675581
702295
594834
442514
IT
396797
302155
297899
233873
CY
9320
67482
1880
1400
LV
149194
136403
150618
164818
LT
57368
78989
139713
139555
LU
HU
7314
7101
7609
6216
MT
4635
1074
1336
1836
NL
418658
495774
549208
285433
AT
404
439
370
350
PL
429372
217686
155247
148930
PT
269528
189157
219271
222565
RO
49275
7372
6053
2688
SI
2167
1856
1227
932
SK
1950
1368
1693
1608
FI
154429
155535
131287
151390
SE
404591
338540
256360
212034
UK
909950
747651
668792
608494
IS
1624100
1999980
1661145
1062970
NO
2524355
2699550
2392527
2562693
Source: Eurostat (online data code: fish_ca_00)
155
Fishery
Map 6.3.1: Fishing areas
Source: FAO
156
Fishery
Table 6.3.2: Catches by fishing area, 2011

(1000tonnes live weight, rounded)
FAO Major Area

EU-27
total
21
27
34
37
41
47
51
4 629
52
3315
619
413
101
18
110
BE
22
22
BG
CZ
DK
716
711
DE
218
180
35
EE
78
69
IE
206
206
EL
76
74
ES
788
18
355
143
104
90
17
61
FR
442
350
33
12
47
IT
220
211
CY
LV
157
66
90
LT
137
22
114
LU
HU
MT
NL
280
159
121
AT
PL
170
109
60
PT
214
16
179
11
RO
SI
SK
FI
120
120
SE
180
180
UK
600
587
IS
1154
1154
NO
2178
2175
21 Northwest Atlantic
27 Northeast Atlantic
34 Eastern Central Atlantic
37 Mediterranean and Black Sea
41 Southwest Atlantic
47 Southeast Atlantic
51 Western Indian Ocean
Source: Eurostat (online data code: fish_ca)
157
Fishery
6.4 Landings
Landings data relate to fishery products (product weight and value) landed in EEA countries regardless of the nationality of the
vessel making the landings. The figures exclude landings by vessels
of the reporting country into foreign ports.
Spain and Italy have the highest-value landings in the EU, comprising 28% and 17% of the total value of EU landings in 2010,
followed by the UK (11%). However, Danish landings are the
highest by volume (24%). Spain landed 17% and the UK 10% of
the EU total by weight in 2010.
The volume of Norways landings in 2010 was higher than
the combined total landings of Denmark, Spain and the UK
(2286477tonnes). Icelands landings were of the same magnitude
as the Danish by volume, but had a 43% higher value. The value
of Norways landings in this period was higher than that of all
EU countries except Spain.
158
Fishery
Table 6.4.1: Landings - total quantity, 1995-2010

(tonnes product weight)
1995
2005
2010
4641225
4383689
BE
21137
17987
19601
16129
BG
3408
9674
CZ
DK
2303109
1144088
1090673
1066559
DE
141674
89193
140420
250456
EE
69406
87373
IE
342217
202909
198958
70090
EL
133120
90381
89903
87461
ES
1080748
983806
703249
755465
FR
371264
294990
254876
IT
359304
295096
281987
229236
CY
1329
1378
LV
90598
67167
EU-27
2000
LT
6875
5536
LU
HU
MT
1332
1845
NL
533691
508971
621101
444 132
AT
PL
81688
84013
PT
235645
163949
105910
182940
RO
231
SI
764
SK
FI
96418
84098
82989
SE
216678
314329
268799
220923
UK
740006
419988
485889
464453
1947010
1680246
1017594
2352184
2792387
2077930
2421606
IS
NO
Source: Eurostat (online data code: fish_ld)
159
Fishery
Each EEA member country reports annual data on the quantities
and values of fishery products landed in its ports under the terms of:
Regulation (EC) 1921/2006 of 18 December 2006 on the submission of statistical data on landings of fishery products
in Member States and repealing Council Regulation (EEC)
1382/91 (OJ L403 of 30.12.2006)
The data are the landings (expressed as the product weight) of all
fishery products in the reporting country, regardless of the nationality of the vessel making the landings. Landings by vessels of the
reporting country in foreign ports are excluded.
160
Fishery
Table 6.4.2: Landings - total value, 1995-2010

(millionEUR/ million ECU for 1995 data)
1995
2000
2005
2010
5972
6627
BE
57
64
80
66
BG
CZ
DK
499
423
442
462
DE
118
95
122
125
EU-27
EE
10
18
IE
140
184
149
288
EL
270
236
308
399
ES
1895
1751
1513
1869
FR
845
775
527
IT
882
823
1413
1148
CY
10
LV
16
13
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
325
357
310
573
AT
PL
32
34
237
PT
280
272
127
RO
SI
SK
FI
20
15
19
SE
77
112
106
100
UK
630
693
537
719
IS
NO
829
940
807
1105
1540
1607
1758
Source: Eurostat (online data code: fish_ld)
161
Fishery
6.5 Fishing Fleet

In 2010 the EU fishing fleet comprised almost 84 thousand vessels
with a combined gross tonnage of 1.75 milliontonnes and engine
power of 6.5 millionKilowatts. Greece had the largest number of
fishing vessels (20%). However on average these vessels are small
compared with the vessels from most of the other countries. Along
with Greece, the fleets of other southern European states: Italy
(16%), Spain (13%) and Portugal (10%), comprised 60% of the
EU fleet by number.
The fleets of four countries, Spain, the UK, Italy and France, comprise around 56% of the EU fleet in terms of Gross Tonnage (GT)
and 59% by total engine power. In terms of tonnage however, the
Spanish fishing fleet was by far the largest, being twice the size of
the second largest fleet (UK).
In most European countries, including Norway and Iceland, there
was a decline in the number of vessels from 2005 to 2010 and,
more significantly, in gross tonnage and engine power.
162
Fishery
The data for the EU Member States are derived from the Community Fishing Fleet Register maintained by the European Commissions Directorate-General for Fisheries and Maritime Affairs (DG
MARE). Data for Iceland and Norway are compiled from fleet files
submitted by the national authorities.
Gross Tonnage (GT) under the London Convention (1969) was
adopted as the unit of tonnage measurement in the 1990s. This
was a change from the previously used Gross Registered Tonnage
(GRT) under the Oslo Convention (1946). Implementation of the
change involved re-measurement of vessels over time. This was
carried out at different rates in different countries and was largely
complete by 2003. However care should be taken when comparing
data between countries and over time since the GT of a vessel is
generally significantly greater than the GRT.
163
Fishery
Table 6.5.1: Fishing fleet number of vessels, 1995-2010
1995
EU-27 (1)
2000
2005
2010
83796
BE
154
127
120
89
BG
2340
CZ
DK
5180
4139
3268
2826
1680
DE
2392
2315
2117
EE
1047
935
IE
2044
1615
1419
2148
EL
20718
19962
18269
17168
ES
18385
16678
13700
10847
FR (1)
IT
6598
8181
7857
7242
19359
17369
14401
13515
1006
CY
883
LV
928
786
LT
268
171
LU
HU
MT
1424
1093
NL
1023
1101
829
849
AT
PL
974
793
8492
PT
11746
10692
9155
RO
475
SI
171
185
SK
FI
4106
3663
3266
3365
SE
2508
2016
1603
1369
UK
9655
7643
6768
6422
IS
1997
1756
1628
NO
13017
7723
6309
(1) From 1997 the French data (and hence EU totals) include vessels of the French Overseas
Departments.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: fish_fleet)
164
Fishery
Table 6.5.2: Fishing fleet - total gross tonnage, 1995-2010

(GT)
1995
EU-27 (1)
2000
2005
2010
1753928
BE
22870
23054
22584
15812
BG
8014
CZ
DK
107124
107471
91469
66353
DE
76887
71168
64069
67765
EE
24219
14645
IE
60717
68282
87801
69427
EL
110224
107407
93515
88288
414527
ES
607493
521838
487556
FR (1)
179207
224077
215052
174461
IT
258540
232467
212929
186079
CY
9044
4161
LV
38549
40762
45961
LT
64399
LU
HU
MT
15321
11992
NL
180205
212466
171672
147520
AT
PL
30260
37269
101483
PT
127880
117313
107566
RO
1221
SI
1065
1011
SK
FI
24668
20819
17171
16549
SE
58220
51394
44222
33020
UK
270586
265145
218532
207608
IS
180203
181390
150431
NO
392316
373282
366123
Departments.
165
Fishery
Table 6.5.3: Fishing fleet total engine power, 1995-2010
(KW)
1995
EU-27 (1)
2000
2005
2010
6543252
BE
65817
63502
65422
51236
BG
63378
CZ
DK
423564
393373
324865
241962
DE
169176
167744
159214
159714
EE
62039
40209
IE
212680
211894
216435
198008
EL
669956
623043
537181
506358
ES
1631154
1332708
1124363
934078
990784
1108229
1069764
996189
1495689
1394483
1223721
1111999
FR (1)
IT
CY
46707
42930
LV
64486
61448
54391
LT
70608
LU
HU
MT
99273
85532
NL
516630
522305
401270
343146
AT
PL
105410
86851
PT
395846
397326
380521
372173
RO
6577
SI
11119
10951
SK
FI
224802
197703
171589
172233
SE
268888
244610
218728
179032
UK
1122119
974901
881298
824857
IS
528711
526057
469556
NO
1321060
1272375
1237694
Departments.
166
Forestry
and the wood-based
industry
Forestry and the wood-based industry
Introduction
Forestry and logging are the first of the economic activities that
make up the value chain of the wood-based industry. The diagram
shows how the wood harvested from forests is used for many different primary and secondary products, which are in turn used by
other industries such as the printing industry (paper), the chemical industry (cellulose and its derived products) and the textile
industry (fibres from cellulose), as well as for energy production
(fuelwood, pellets). Wood is still the source of approximately 50%
of all renewable energy in the EU, an aspect that, although not
covered here, was dealt with in a recent publication.(5)
The tables in this chapter provide physical and monetary data on

wood and its products along the main parts of the value chain up
to and including the printing industry. They show how many jobs
these activities support and how they contribute to GPD, an aspect
that is especially important for rural areas. They also provide data
on trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.
Such data form the basis for estimating the carbon contained in
all harvested wood products. In early 2012, the EU proposed legislation establishing common accounting rules for greenhouse gas
emissions and removals in forestry and in agriculture, the last major
areas without EU-wide rules. The proposal is a first step towards incorporating emissions and removals resulting from activities related
to land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) into EU climate policy. Harvested wood products are also part of the proposal.
Wood used in construction and in the finishing of buildings for
example in timber-framed buildings, roof beams, wood-based panels, veneers for furniture or parquet flooring has a long life span,
while paper products usually have a much shorter one. Eurostat has
time series starting in 1992 that can be used for carbon accounting.
(5) Forestry in the EU and the world (Eurostat 2011).
169
7.1. Macroeconomic indicators

The indicators cover the sectors of activity listed below and are
based on two versions of the EUs classification of economic activities (NACE). No comparable data were available for those parts of
the chemical industry, the textile industry or energy production
that are based on wood. For the sake of simplicity, we will refer to
the sectors covered as the wood-based sectors.
Table Of Correspondence Between Nace Rev. 1 And Nace Rev. 2
Rev. 1
Forestry and logging

Sawmilling
Rev. 2
2.01
02.1, 02.2
20.1
16.1
20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.5
16.2
Pulp, paper and paperboard
21.1
17.1
Articles of paper and paperboard
21.2
17.2
Printing and related services
22.2
18.1
Wood products, except furniture
The wood-based sectors share of GDP fell from 1.79% in 2001 to

1.29% in 2009. Forestry and logging appears to be the only woodbased sector that did not decline, as measured against the development of GDP for all economic activities. These basic data were
estimated by national accounts (Figure 7.1.1).
The share of GDP of forestry and logging, wood products and
sawmilling, and the pulp and paper industry (NACE rev. 2 sectors 02, 16 and 17) ranges from 5% in Finland to almost nil
in Malta, according to a synopsis for 2008 published by Forest
Europe (SoEF, 2011(6)).
(6) Forest Europe, UNECE & FAO (2011): State of Europes Forests 2011. Status and Trends in Sustainable Forest Management, 337 pp.
170
Figure 7.1.1: Wood-based sectors share of GDP, 2001-2009

(%)
100 %
99.5 %
99.0 %
98.5 %
98.0 %
97.5 %
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
97.0 %
Printing and recorded media (NACE 18)

Paper and paper products (NACE 17)
Wood and wood products (NACE 16)
Forestry and logging (NACE 02)
Total - All NACE activities
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nama_nace64_k)
171

Figure 7.1.2: Gross value added by the wood-based sectors,
EU-27
(2005=100)
120
110
100
90
80
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total - All NACE activities
Forestry and logging (NACE 02)
Wood and wood products (NACE 16)
Paper and paper products (NACE 17)
Printing and recorded media (NACE 18)
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nama_nace64_k)
When indexed on 2005, the gross value added of forestry and logging increased faster than the gross value added of all economic
activities up until the recent financial and economic crisis of 2008.
In 2009, forestry and logging was level with the index of all activities, while wood products, paper and printing dropped below the
trend for all activities (Figure 7.1.2).
172
Figure 7.1.3: Persons employed in the wood-based sectors,

EU-27, 2006-2009
(1000)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
2006
Printing and
related services
Articles of paper
and paperboard
Pulp, paper
and paperboard
Wood products,
except furniture
Sawmilling
Forestry and logging
2009
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: nama_nace60_e; sbs_na_2a_dade and sbs_na_ind_r2)
The number of persons employed dropped between 2006 and

2009 in all the wood-based sectors, according to national accounts
data (Figure 7.1.3).
173

Figure 7.1.4: Apparent labour productivity, GVA per person
employed, EU-27, 2006-2009
(EUR1000)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
2006
Printing and
related services
Articles of paper
and paperboard
Pulp, paper
and paperboard
Wood products,
except furniture
Sawmilling
Forestry and
logging (1)
2009
(1) 2006 data are estimated for forestry.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: for_ieeaf_cp; for_awu; sbs_na_2a_dade

and sbs_na_ind_r2)
Apparent labour productivity was highest in the pulp and paper

industry, although it dropped between 2006 and 2009. The only
increases were in forestry and logging, and in the manufacture
of articles of paper and paperboard. Note that national accounts
were used for the 2006 data of forestry and logging, while forest
accounts were used for 2009, covering seventeen major forestry
countries, but excluding data for Belgium, Italy, Lithuania and
Latvia. The 2006 data may have been slightly underestimated
(Figure 7.1.4).
174
7.2. Forestry and logging

The tables present the latest data available for roundwood and
its two categories, industrial roundwood and fuelwood. The latter are certainly underreported because considerable amounts of
fuelwood are sold informally. The best way of estimating the true
amounts produced and consumed is through household surveys,
as has been shown by the work done in France since 2005. This has
led to an increase in the amount of fuelwood reported by France
by some 80%. At a time of high energy prices and likely increases
in fuelwood consumption, it would be useful to have more realistic estimates for other Member States.
All data in m3 are measured in cubic metres under bark (u.b.),
meaning without the bark.
Eurostat also collects economic and social data on this sector;
seventeen countries provided the structural data shown.
For the EFTA countries, the numbers provided under the heading
EU internal trade stand for total trade when no figures were
reported for trade with countries outside the EU.
175
176
(1000 m3 u.b. 1)
Coniferous
Ownership
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
Private
Other
180681.9
1840.7
326.0
3666.5
1526.3
18178.4
2696.0
368.8
74.9
3498.2
18177.4
1001.1
1.7
4230.8
2365.8
49.2
214.4
110807.8
1452.1
1984.0
11273.9
551.1
23531.4
1750.0
2136.0
256.6
1802.1
5065.4
885.5
5.9
4956.5
2057.3
48.3
547.9
Assortment
Industrial
Fuelwood
roundwood
265112.8
26263.0
3231.3
61.6
2005.0
305.0
13496.1
1444.3
1117.7
832.0
36443.4
5266.4
3699.0
747.0
2431.1
73.8
241.3
90.2
4680.3
620.0
20832.2
2410.7
1253.1
633.5
4.6
2.9
8628.9
558.4
3820.3
602.8
107.2
4.0
648.6
113.7
Non-coniferous
Ownership
Private
Other
81206.9
1025.9
526.0
300.9
382.0
4026.7
1904.0
120.0
190.4
10585.8
23297.1
3573.4
0.2
1763.7
1578.8
72.2
2013.1
55477.7
809.3
3370.0
1028.8
124.0
10405.1
1120.0
2.2
674.4
1723.3
6969.3
845.7
0.7
2066.2
2050.7
91.7
3298.2
Assortment
Industrial
Fuelwood
roundwood
73088.6
63708.9
1004.0
831.2
1359.0
2536.0
820.6
509.1
350.2
283.4
8914.8
5517.0
1755.0
1269.0
1.4
120.8
97.8
766.9
7809.0
4500.0
8570.5
21695.9
409.4
4009.8
0.3
0.6
3203.9
626.0
2423.8
1205.7
136.8
13.5
2273.2
3038.1
Table 7.2.1: Volume of roundwood removed, by type of ownership and assortment, 2011
Table 7.2.1: Volume of roundwood removed, by type of ownership and assortment, 2011 (cont.)
(1000 m3 u.b. (1))
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
Private
Other
313.4
14375.3
1020.0
3369.8
2225.9
1205.1
2050.0
35387.2
57752.9
4766.2
:
9007.1
1087.0
0.0
310.8
1352.0
26172.5
87.8
3631.7
553.8
3398.9
4683.7
7530.4
4782.2
0.0
13.0
230.4
2230.9
Assortment
Industrial
Fuelwood
roundwood
574.2
50.0
12783.6
2943.7
24750.0
2442.5
3257.6
200.0
5107.8
749.8
1582.2
176.7
5124.0
324.8
38295.4
1775.4
62333.3
2950.0
8664.6
883.8
:
:
7.0
6.0
8465.5
772.0
2840.4
477.5
(1) u.b.: Under bark (without the bark).
Source: Eurostat (online data code: for_assort and for_owner)
Non-coniferous
Ownership
Private
Other
304.0
2694.5
295.0
5571.2
2210.3
1080.3
739.6
10094.7
6450.0
407.3
:
1441.4
467.3
0.0
300.6
273.9
9390.5
111.0
6290.7
548.7
3024.4
522.4
370.0
65.8
0.0
13.0
0.0
1075.8
Assortment
Industrial
Fuelwood
roundwood
364.6
240.0
847.0
2121.5
7168.0
2517.5
5282.2
400.0
5236.6
3264.4
469.5
1159.5
3445.9
318.2
7152.1
3465.0
3870.0
2950.0
123.1
350.0
:
:
1.0
12.0
92.8
1348.6
481.7
1061.4
Coniferous
Ownership
177

Table 7.2.2: Structural indicators for forestry and logging
in the EU and EFTA countries, 2006-2009
(basic prices)
2006
2009
2006
Value added/
forest area
available for
wood supply
Gross fixed
capital
formation
Gross value
added
Total output
2009
2006
2009
2006
(EUR million)
BE
BG
306.9
305.8
90.4
100.8
11.6
16.6
35.3
35.2
CZ
1802.4
1662.8
551.1
540.5
75.3
84.7
218.9
232.0
DK
DE
4788.8
5154.5
1931.4
1850.7
229.3
196.9
175.8
175.1
EE
IE
EL
82.1
71.7
52.9
45.3
9.3
14.6
15.3
12.6
ES
1866.0
962.0
91.8
FR
5961.0
4770.2
2795.8
1897.5
491.0
220.0
189.6
125.3
IT
451.2
363.0
88.0
40.7
3.9
3.6
2.8
2.4
3.0
1.6
65.2
58.1
LV
1052.9
561.1
0.0
178.8
LT
177.8
103.5
56.4
LU
HU
356.7
343.6
157.7
163.3
25.4
23.5
93.6
94.6
MT
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NL
133.7
45.2
9.0
153.2
AT
2110.8
1875.7
1006.5
938.9
147.8
169.6
300.1
280.8
PL (1)
2212.3
3947.3
1254.4
1485.7
118.3
167.8
149.0
174.1
917.7
879.6
685.4
632.2
94.7
77.6
341.3
347.0
RO (2)
530.5
655.8
314.3
390.9
36.4
76.0
75.3
SI
239.9
246.1
145.0
159.3
125.5
135.5
CY
PT
SK
626.4
564.9
294.4
223.8
39.0
9.0
168.1
126.1
FI
3520.0
3714.0
2654.0
2531.0
420.0
450.0
132.7
127.4
7298.1
3289.6
723.2
160.0
786.0
663.4
340.2
304.9
32.9
88.7
143.2
126.4
IS
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
LI
NO
994.2
892.6
535.9
493.8
68.0
66.9
82.5
76.9
CH
562.5
628.2
236.7
236.3
82.9
99.7
199.6
196.9
SE (1)
UK
(1) 2008 instead of 2009.

(2) 2005 instead of 2006.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: for_ieeaf_cp; for_area)
178
2009
(EUR/ha)
Table 7.2.3: Employment in forestry and logging in the EU

and EFTA countries, 2006-2009
Employment
Employment/
forest area
available for
wood supply (1)
2006
2006
2009
(1000 AWU) (2)
2009
(AWU/1000 ha)
Apparent labour productivity

2006
2009
2006
2009
(EUR 1000 gross

value added/
AWU)
(m of wood
removed/AWU)
3
BE
BG
13456
14733
5.3
5.1
445.3
312.2
6.7
6.8
CZ
28700
24900
11.4
10.7
616.0
622.6
19.2
21.7
DK
DE
49249
39797
4.5
3.8
1264.8
1208.0
39.2
46.5
EE
IE
:
10.6
EL
3908
4260
1.1
1.2
399.7
296.0
13.5
ES
FR
30900
30900
2.1
2.0
1723.8
1762.0
90.5
61.4
IT
CY
0123
0144
2.9
3.5
60.5
68.6
22.8
16.6
LV
LT
LU
HU
8836
9120
5.2
5.3
669.2
575.0
17.8
17.9
MT
0000
0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NL
1503
5.1
736.3
30.1
AT
21872
19591
6.5
5.9
874.9
853.8
46.0
47.9
PL
37300
38983
4.4
4.6
868.2
879.2
33.6
38.1
PT
11980
10610
6.0
5.8
901.9
901.4
57.2
59.6
52300
10.1
240.1
7.5
5858
6051
5.1
5.1
542.7
484.3
24.7
26.3
RO
SI
SK
12463
9870
7.1
5.6
631.3
920.7
23.6
22.7
FI
20600
21000
1.0
1.1
2466.6
1983.5
128.8
120.5
SE
34200
1.7
2070.2
96.2
UK
11000
14000
4.6
5.8
765.8
616.0
30.9
21.8
IS
0000
0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
LI
NO
7010
6990
1.1
1.1
1397.1
1270.9
76.5
70.6
CH
7262
6595
6.1
5.5
785.1
712.9
32.6
35.8
(1) Area data are for 2005 and 2010.

(2) Annual work units.
(3) 2008 instead of 2009.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: for_awu, for_area, for_remov and for_ieeaf_cp)
179
180
Production
1000 m
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
89972.0
892.8
2841.0
1953.5
1115.4
10783.4
2016.0
194.5
857.2
5120.0
24106.5
4643.3
3.5
1184.4
1808.5
17.5
3151.7
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 m3
4591.0
107.7
5.4
34.5
309.7
436.0
11.6
11.3
225.9
4.8
68.9
1048.0
0.1
7.6
12.6
10.3
109.8
0.0
Imports
1000 EUR
270846.1
8731.9
377.5
1154.1
25402.9
30945.0
1125.1
3625.0
10229.6
283.0
6360.0
67485.3
8.9
360.3
408.5
1124.7
1872.1
44.0
Exports
1000 m3
4368.0
16.8
404.5
87.0
115.4
99.4
189.0
0.1
3.1
77.2
848.2
0.8
947.1
132.3
20.4
398.7
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
222294.8
2684.7
18061.8
8541.1
2463.5
4759.0
18305.3
26.0
279.5
3204.3
27620.0
133.0
40409.2
13789.2
2850.6
12168.8
Imports
1000 m3
1659.7
11.3
0.0
7.6
36.4
103.7
1.3
0.5
11.9
0.1
13.5
694.4
0.6
2.1
4.4
100.3
Imports
1000 EUR
94065.5
1039.3
0.8
300.0
2862.3
8572.4
92.3
86.0
456.7
20.4
1083.0
45675.7
46.1
140.1
329.9
1558.3
Exports
1000 m3
407.2
3.3
198.9
0.8
0.6
2.0
57.8
0.0
3.9
6.1
0.5
60.2
13.7
0.0
Exports
1000 EUR
30767.0
473.9
8132.0
179.6
147.2
310.1
9328.7
3.0
231.0
655.0
61.2
6194.8
2027.6
2.8
Table 7.2.4: Fuelwood production and trade, 2011
Table 7.2.4: Fuelwood production and trade, 2011 (cont.)

Production
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
290.0
5065.1
4960.0
600.0
4014.2
1336.2
643.0
5240.5
5900.0
1233.8
:
18.0
2120.7
1538.9
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 m3
8.4
824.9
35.6
2.2
81.5
202.6
138.5
87.5
794.7
11.1
0.0
:
286.0
14.0
Source: Eurostat (online data code: for_basic)
Imports
1000 EUR
670.0
55966.0
1173.9
185.3
2415.3
12300.7
7425.5
2858.0
25757.8
2555.8
0.0
:
24358.4
2161.0
Exports
1000 m3
25.0
64.4
72.5
1.3
134.3
334.3
150.7
53.4
45.9
146.2
1.0
24.3
18.1
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
2665.0
4282.0
6509.5
408.6
5681.2
22704.6
6055.8
2046.5
4846.7
11798.7
:
1025.2
849.0
Imports
1000 m3
6.6
144.7
22.3
0.2
74.7
193.5
47.7
28.9
150.6
2.3
0.0
:
:
:
Imports
1000 EUR
574.2
13042.0
738.0
5.5
2095.6
11740.7
1459.2
871.9
697.9
577.3
0.0
:
:
:
Exports
1000 m3
0.1
0.1
2.9
0.0
24.2
0.0
4.8
27.0
0.2
:
:
:
Exports
1000 EUR
208.0
7.0
399.2
3.0
1282.2
13.9
547.9
429.6
129.3
:
:
:
1000 m
181
182
Production
1000 m
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
338201.4
4235.2
3364.0
14316.7
1467.9
45358.2
5454.0
2432.5
339.1
12489.4
29402.7
1662.4
5.0
11832.8
6244.0
243.9
2921.8
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 m3
54718.1
4325.8
54.6
2782.7
518.9
7221.0
335.0
102.2
1788.1
3560.8
1452.6
3328.0
0.5
440.6
258.1
1117.0
251.4
Imports
1000 EUR
3405436.4
201788.8
2281.0
141108.8
35270.4
518423.0
24103.3
25519.0
9323.6
111507.4
137995.0
333374.0
168.7
22671.3
13051.7
34561.4
14678.3
Exports
1000 m3
43222.8
1013.8
499.1
7995.0
677.1
3552.9
2609.6
311.1
308.6
1966.5
6379.5
105.0
4360.2
2033.9
152.2
877.0
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
2551276.0
107440.7
22237.3
296111.9
48933.3
301913.0
136650.1
38146.0
500.3
103456.0
324592.0
13810.0
226644.5
115497.2
30737.8
57329.6
Imports
1000 m3
12304.9
37.3
0.1
198.5
4.2
664.2
11.2
2.0
135.0
61.6
398.4
919.1
179.0
183.4
0.3
211.0
Imports
1000 EUR
770113.1
17019.5
7.5
16446.5
1079.8
78678.7
2600.7
2004.0
4854.2
15822.2
70637.0
98082.4
6784.2
9365.1
63.9
12282.0
Exports
1000 m3
4905.1
392.6
350.7
29.6
120.4
792.7
151.3
4.7
2.0
110.1
733.0
6.7
121.8
302.2
0.7
56.9
Exports
1000 EUR
377511.3
55464.3
14496.6
1471.9
15456.5
87775.3
7881.9
1056.0
128.0
7190.8
65776.0
1859.4
5567.9
21803.8
3.1
3421.6
Table 7.2.5: Industrial roundwood production and trade (1), 2011
Table 7.2.5: Industrial roundwood production and trade(1), 2011 (cont.)

Production
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
938.8
13630.5
31918.0
8539.8
10344.5
2051.7
8569.9
45447.5
66203.3
8787.7
:
8.0
8558.3
3322.1
Imports
1000 EUR
155.9
32018.0
584359.0
149322.3
102438.1
36082.1
23838.9
24425.5
337805.2
421287.4
67878.5
0.0
:
81936.4
21378.4
Exports
1000 m3
520.2
1017.4
1678.4
1032.8
697.5
800.1
2532.9
677.3
846.3
578.3
4.0
938.7
925.6
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
32264.0
88711.0
107875.4
83298.8
55082.4
58877.5
152744.9
58680.9
63472.9
26268.5
:
58464.4
80265.5
Imports
1000 m3
0.1
15.0
574.0
2619.1
54.9
540.0
151.2
449.0
3532.7
1348.4
15.3
0.0
:
:
:
Imports
1000 EUR
55.5
830.3
51045.0
90009.4
17955.6
32759.9
14825.7
14366.2
192201.7
9442.1
10893.9
0.0
:
:
:
Exports
1000 m3
10.7
14.9
9.7
182.8
565.7
13.7
1.0
103.0
747.1
81.1
:
:
:
(1) Note: For the EFTA countries, the numbers provided under the heading EU-internal trade stand for total trade when no numbers were reported for trade with countries outside the EU.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: for_basic)
Exports
1000 EUR
1907.6
2470.0
1323.8
11763.4
46641.0
1631.6
245.4
13336.9
4996.4
3842.1
:
:
:
1000 m3
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 m3
0.3
286.9
7427.3
3465.7
1210.6
605.0
245.6
877.2
5735.8
6724.3
602.1
0.0
:
1135.1
247.0
183
7.3. The wood-based industry

The tables that follow present
Production and trade figures for the main types of wood products;
Structural data for the corresponding industry;
The top ten markets and suppliers for the main products traded
with countries outside the EU;
The value of total trade in secondary wood and paper products
(including consumer goods and pre-fabricated wooden buildings);
The value of total trade in roundwood and sawnwood.
All data in m3 are measured in cubic metres under bark (u.b.),
meaning without the bark.
It is remarkable that some exporters in the EU have chosen not
to disclose the destination of their paper exports, and that these
destinations were ranked seventh in the top ten list of markets
in 2011 (and even higher in earlier years) in terms of volume. In
terms of value, confidential destinations were not among the top
ten markets.
For the EFTA countries, the numbers provided under the heading EU internal trade stand for total trade when no figures were
reported for trade with countries outside the EU.
184
Table 7.3.1: Structural indicators for wood and wood products

manufacturing, sawmilling, builders carpentry, EU-27, 2006-2009
Manufacture of wood and wood products (1)
2006
2007
2008
2009
Number of businesses
196834
195000
180941
171533
Turnover (million EUR)
133766
147000
131406
107591
Production value (million EUR)
126835
135000
124544
100204
37155
41000
34919
28024.3
11839.9
7954.77
Added value at factor cost (million EUR)

Gross operating surplus (million EUR)
Number of persons employed
14272
1268700
16600
1270000
1156800 1028800
Apparent labour productivity (GVA/per

person employed, 1000 EUR)
29.29
32.4
30
27
Gross operating rate (%)
10.67
11.3
9.01
7.39
Sawmilling (2)
2006
2007
2008
Number of enterprises
34188
34500
35155
2009
34400
36700
41681
35852.4
28063.5
34200
39642
33088.2
25762.2
8600
9894.2
7205.81
5894.58
3870
4718.3
2188.09
1702.15
307000
307800
273000
250200
Apparent labour productivity

(GVA/per person employed, 1000 EUR)
28.1
32.15
26
24
10.5
11.32
6.1
6.07
Builders' Carpentry & Joinery (3)

2006
2007
114126
112354
98521
93972
49600
53100
45243
38076.6
47500
46200
43885.9
36172.5
16400
17200
15157.7
12408
5690
5740
5189.37
3608.64
579000
575000
507500
446900

2008
2009

28.3
30
30
28
11.5
10.8
11.47
9.48
(1) Products covered: 2006-2007 NACE Rev.1 code DD; 2008-2009 Nace Rev. 2 code C 16.
(2) Products covered:2006-2007 NACE Rev.1 code DD201 and 2008-2009 Nace Rev. 2 code C 16.1.
(3) Products covered:2006-2007 NACE Rev.1 code DD203 and 2008-2009 Nace Rev. 2 code C 16.23.
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: sbs_na_ind_r2 and sbs_na_2a_dade)
185
186
Production
1000 m3
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
103264.6
1368.5
666.5
6028.5
372.2
22600.0
1800.0
759.5
106.3
2161.9
8437.0
1250.0
2.9
3431.6
1162.2
78.3
EU internal trade
EU external trade
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
49187.8
2620.5
17.0
2919.4
2008.4
4402.8
716.5
200.8
11728.3
1103.4
2981.2
6325.0
56.0
178.0
363.3
416.5
8163969.8
598958.6
4887.7
131045.7
321065.1
1060878.0
145768.5
63703.0
61181.6
267671.1
792697.0
1302698.0
18607.0
30411.9
73931.8
20424.1
49501.0
2010.7
379.2
2845.6
660.4
7324.6
740.8
462.2
488.5
195.3
820.5
222.0
2247.7
631.4
55.6
9746282.1
407304.3
44113.1
321072.3
46255.7
1494441.0
177771.6
61303.0
4159.2
46135.8
212736.0
118477.0
418180.2
116226.6
13209.3
2448795.6
261073.0
2108.3
23314.1
40792.8
340441.6
88029.9
20698.0
17249.4
99217.1
231565.0
377644.8
14980.5
45296.1
31.7
17797.8
198.9
265.1
350.9
330.3
1996.9
159.8
325.2
371.3
55.4
249.9
156.5
580.3
66.7
0.3
2482661.8
33585.1
28359.8
49601.5
12108.6
429122.7
42696.6
190.0
3186.4
12747.0
70623.0
50942.1
107379.6
15213.4
11.0
8961.3
668.5
6.9
96.3
211.3
1260.9
442.8
37.2
485.7
231.8
590.7
1436.1
92.9
232.4
0.1
Table 7.3.2: Sawnwood production and trade(1), 2011
Table 7.3.2: Sawnwood production and trade(1), 2011 (cont.)

Production
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
323.5
313.2
9636.0
4605.0
1044.4
4441.8
642.2
2204.0
9750.0
16800.0
3279.1
:
8.0
2271.0
1313.5
EU internal trade
EU external trade
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
495.5
14.0
2770.3
1942.0
889.3
168.9
53.2
820.5
181.4
491.9
401.0
4922.8
50.0
:
1002.6
474.1
87534.4
5729.7
707609.0
456244.0
221897.6
72952.9
16532.9
133727.8
58013.4
101676.6
129454.5
1278667.8
15.9
:
269698.6
190784.9
245.5
674.6
5728.0
517.9
372.6
3058.9
752.2
1109.1
6115.7
11679.6
162.3
4.7
473.3
219.5
65368.1
120488.0
1172437.0
138411.7
72478.8
581033.1
141425.2
176087.9
1182152.3
2566242.8
48772.3
0.1
:
87289.5
40287.1
254.5
5.0
792.3
170.7
324.2
91.7
33.6
107.0
19.0
409.0
326.7
634.0
50.0
:
:
:
33279.7
3025.3
296430.7
64641.0
73682.4
44294.5
8324.4
26325.4
4511.1
69522.8
9193.6
253122.5
15.9
:
:
:
12.8
51.4
816.6
17.2
126.2
2828.9
631.4
21.0
3290.2
4878.8
15.8
4.7
:
:
:
(1) For the EFTA countries, the numbers provided under the heading EU-internal trade stand for total trade when no numbers were reported for trade with countries outside the EU.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: for_swpan)
6334.4
12982.5
217377.0
6755.0
14780.2
526343.2
108933.3
4873.0
602843.9
116529.2
9143.3
0.1
:
:
:
1000 m
187
188
Production
1000 m
EU-27
EU internal trade
EU external trade
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
57942.5
37229.0
8914060.9
30696.8
9848105.1
6728.3
2030880.4
8315.8
2440727.3
BE
2177.3
1925.5
551742.3
1984.4
826114.2
582.6
178904.3
285.6
142270.8
BG
753.1
264.0
73550.4
597.2
112417.0
94.8
21382.7
401.1
73999.5
CZ
1645.6
3423.5
218418.6
2310.0
324241.8
52.6
26985.6
261.8
35004.2
DK
456.4
1559.8
185251.7
212.8
38266.5
215.1
46487.7
101.7
7892.8
DE
12091.9
5004.7
1748313.0
5638.4
2407502.0
1283.7
438028.3
1322.0
673042.8
EE
405.0
193.2
58852.1
294.6
112594.2
109.0
29927.5
39.3
16131.3
IE
737.6
194.8
68117.0
615.8
173466.0
49.9
18631.0
48.4
14763.0
EL
987.8
6918.7
66698.9
956.8
43890.1
929.8
17659.4
812.6
20718.4
ES
2973.4
957.7
328673.9
2124.7
580762.0
99.9
77400.8
627.6
163717.6
FR
5764.9
2381.1
928983.7
2427.2
731202.8
278.1
138095.0
100.8
53209.0
IT
4361.0
2621.0
720068.0
1142.0
472673.0
491.7
219203.4
500.0
192306.9
CY
0.7
90.9
24557.6
0.0
21.4
LV
922.9
187.4
50043.9
816.4
268246.2
49.5
18603.1
261.4
69984.8
LT
692.9
435.0
116698.6
247.9
45590.2
44.5
18006.0
36.3
11553.9
LU
515.6
227.0
17751.3
572.2
141230.4
0.2
55.4
17.0
597.4
HU
1056.4
462.5
134990.5
812.9
136439.2
36.7
14077.8
194.9
28006.4
Table 7.3.3: Wood-based panels production and trade, 2011
Table 7.3.3: Wood-based panels production and trade, 2011 (cont.)

Production
EU external trade
Imports
Exports
Exports
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
1000 m3
1000 EUR
MT
22.4
6841.5
0.0
11.3
4.3
1520.5
0.0
11.3
NL
45.7
1678.4
580805.0
320.2
108081.0
386.7
134677.6
27.8
11226.7
AT
3334.9
792.5
362179.0
2753.3
1138730.0
36.2
35824.0
737.1
322425.0
PL
8428.0
1598.0
497869.0
2089.5
613645.0
249.5
83158.7
769.1
213809.4
PT
1349.2
628.6
152405.0
544.5
147001.0
40.8
20802.2
222.4
37814.1
RO
2823.7
524.2
181332.3
1769.1
389087.2
162.2
44977.3
1067.6
193451.4
SI
351.2
236.5
93824.6
299.4
119329.3
34.9
10515.6
97.6
34150.8
SK
683.0
439.6
166845.4
360.2
107510.1
43.1
14358.5
32.9
5151.7
FI
1352.3
421.9
167767.8
1046.7
507133.3
131.8
45225.0
142.5
76911.3
SE
648.0
1213.4
421519.1
215.0
151573.0
222.7
7589.3
101.0
7696.4
UK
3384.0
2826.9
989960.6
545.6
151347.0
1097.8
368783.7
107.3
34880.7
IS
14.0
9.5
0.4
0.0
14.0
9.5
0.4
4.8
LI
NO
520.0
362.3
196232.6
246.6
83071.8
CH
965.7
525.5
251524.3
672.5
227189.1
1000 m3
EU internal trade
Imports
189
190
Production
1000 m
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
24.1
34.6
210.1
9.1
217.6
40.0
17.7
278.8
258.0
310.0
0.5
20.2
38.5
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 m3
8828.3
592.8
37.5
384.3
505.4
1405.5
79.1
52.0
1639.3
65.1
491.2
463.0
8.2
47.7
50.5
72.8
48.9
Imports
1000 EUR
2737301.2
196458.8
11321.4
43301.6
74411.5
661412.0
29716.9
19635.0
15985.4
37473.0
203295.7
201468.0
3761.1
18963.5
21259.1
5946.3
24543.3
Exports
1000 m3
4042.1
437.4
38.4
533.9
91.0
349.0
60.1
0.4
49.2
164.7
127.0
228.0
234.0
8.5
1.8
38.9
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
1988255.9
160494.5
15902.3
80612.0
16090.3
237079.0
38922.0
267.0
14329.4
134916.3
66499.8
148063.0
142833.0
4182.4
207.1
21132.0
Imports
1000 m3
4127.5
504.0
27.8
37.8
181.1
713.2
65.3
43.0
315.0
31.5
101.6
275.0
45.7
31.4
0.2
19.2
Imports
1000 EUR
1255332.7
148850.2
7668.1
15130.8
41128.4
236055.6
24243.0
14349.0
8173.7
13576.1
41331.0
98151.7
17990.3
10941.6
55.4
8704.5
Exports
1000 m3
586.8
9.2
21.1
25.6
21.4
97.7
7.0
0.0
19.2
14.5
5.1
25.6
32.6
2.4
1.1
3.9
Exports
1000 EUR
321064.1
7834.5
9145.6
9664.2
3171.8
66828.8
5033.7
20.0
1437.6
20476.8
2551.0
19611.5
19580.4
1989.0
36.8
1978.4
Table 7.3.4: Plywood production and trade, 2011
Table 7.3.4: Plywood production and trade, 2011 (cont.)

Production
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
216.1
415.0
27.3
331.0
87.0
22.0
1030.0
55.5
14.0
7.6
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 m3
3.9
705.8
196.0
187.4
57.4
34.2
22.2
41.1
122.4
185.0
1329.7
4.4
:
60.1
73.8
Imports
1000 EUR
1602.4
244837.0
106710.0
117352.6
25318.9
14524.0
19163.3
21499.2
53195.8
96574.8
467570.5
2.9
:
57097.2
59813.2
Exports
1000 m3
0.0
70.2
353.4
140.7
32.4
17.6
63.1
27.2
863.3
41.6
70.3
0.2
3.3
2.9
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
11.3
31533.0
215186.0
92221.8
5198.2
11009.9
37396.5
21609.6
445687.0
18136.5
28736.2
0.0
:
9078.5
3164.3
Imports
1000 m3
3.2
336.0
15.8
116.8
26.5
23.7
5.6
9.0
95.8
83.3
1019.9
4.4
:
:
:
Imports
1000 EUR
1224.2
123779.9
9181.0
45997.8
10998.5
8484.6
3289.8
3474.7
37282.6
3523.4
321746.8
2.9
:
:
:
Exports
1000 m3
0.0
7.9
87.3
14.1
31.3
4.1
20.2
3.9
114.1
10.9
6.5
0.2
:
:
:
Exports
1000 EUR
11.3
2781.8
52967.0
9151.8
3220.3
1697.4
10732.0
2616.4
64790.1
644.9
3091.0
4.8
:
:
:
1000 m
191
192
Production
1000 m
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
15664.6
309.3
63.0
67.1
36.8
4747.5
80.0
459.6
76.6
999.5
1070.6
760.0
82.0
307.5
679.3
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 m3
8927.7
919.2
116.3
241.8
333.8
911.0
71.7
57.2
90.4
432.4
1060.6
1261.0
24.3
11.5
214.4
25.7
68.4
Imports
1000 EUR
2723695.8
229211.3
34367.7
66042.2
51450.2
327901.0
14532.2
19502.0
19034.4
134518.8
401075.0
219657.0
7669.0
9516.6
40681.5
5125.6
34646.0
Exports
1000 m3
11367.8
937.5
106.2
76.3
16.6
2981.4
56.9
401.7
96.9
1046.5
558.2
548.0
1.6
123.5
303.4
568.9
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
3928086.8
474990.9
20104.8
26019.7
8798.2
1390850.0
13697.4
116330.0
16528.4
218648.3
219885.0
121042.0
2441.1
19200.3
76826.1
61797.9
Imports
1000 m3
930.3
50.5
28.4
2.4
24.1
310.8
39.9
4.0
4.3
14.8
58.0
91.5
2.9
5.9
4.0
Imports
1000 EUR
228066.5
12940.7
5828.7
771.1
3225.6
86321.6
3420.0
1895.0
875.0
4013.2
19881.0
13229.5
396.6
1072.9
953.8
Exports
1000 m3
3555.2
221.7
18.8
7.2
6.8
905.9
12.7
28.7
78.1
246.1
43.4
357.7
1.0
18.3
1.9
145.1
Exports
1000 EUR
1192795.8
118445.2
4851.4
2054.9
3383.1
452176.9
4495.0
9550.0
12613.9
56880.8
21371.0
89691.5
1242.5
4259.1
527.5
13216.4
Table 7.3.5: Fibreboard production and trade, 2011
Table 7.3.5: Fibreboard production and trade, 2011 (cont.)

Production
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
45.7
860.8
3000.0
444.2
404.1
120.0
95.0
100.0
97.0
759.0
:
190.0
553.1
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 m3
8.4
390.1
105.9
368.0
464.5
290.0
53.1
121.5
193.5
312.6
780.3
2.8
:
207.6
189.4
Imports
1000 EUR
1783.5
174096.0
68875.0
133629.9
78644.0
98495.5
23304.4
41067.0
67710.2
130299.5
290860.4
2.4
:
101638.6
90761.8
Exports
1000 m3
101.7
577.4
1380.9
369.8
624.8
118.7
36.0
49.7
102.8
182.5
0.2
54.6
417.7
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
42951.0
317582.0
362982.3
99628.5
106252.7
38308.9
14508.8
17339.7
95980.7
45392.3
0.0
:
24998.6
154661.7
Imports
1000 m3
0.8
9.9
5.9
5.1
6.5
91.9
0.8
14.8
29.3
56.1
67.4
2.8
:
:
:
Imports
1000 EUR
182.8
4555.5
5126.0
1367.0
1431.8
22604.6
410.5
555.5
4705.8
1713.6
30588.6
2.4
:
:
:
Exports
1000 m3
11.1
218.8
445.6
139.3
456.7
29.5
17.9
9.9
80.4
52.4
0.2
:
:
:
Exports
1000 EUR
4950.8
127311.0
127462.9
25862.2
79151.9
10992.4
1688.2
2540.1
5916.1
12161.3
0.0
:
:
:
1000 m
193

Table 7.3.6: Structural indicators for wood-based panels,
other wooden articles, wooden packaging, 2006-2009
Wood-based panels (1)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2600
2600
4420
4318
24802
27380
25275
20547
23732
26117
23985
18889
5660
6641
5400
4051
2428
3374
2061
1054
125600
122200
120400
108500
45.1
54.3
45.0
37.0
9.8
12.3
8.2
5.1

Other wooden articles (2)

2006
2007
2008
2009
36000
35000
31647
28667
12033
10969
9675
11386
12000
10462
9075
3658
4000
3238
2591
1338
1500
1099
749
162600
160000
139001
118100

22.5
23.0
22.0
11.1
12.0
10.0
7.7
Wooden Packaging/ containers (3)

2006
2007
10040
10211
9952
10569
12444
11364
8935
9967
11524
10563
8293
2830
3271
3174
2539
947
1239
1115
746
94100
101300
95400
86800
30.1
32.3
33.0
29.0
9.0
10.0
9.8
8.4

2008
2009
(1) Products covered: 2006-2007 NACE Rev.1 code DD202 and 2008-2009 Nace Re.v 2 code C 16.21.
(2) Products covered: 2006-2007 NACE Rev.1 code DD205 and 2008-2009 Nace Rev. 2 code C 16.29.
(3) Products covered: 2006-2007 NACE Rev.1 code DD204 and 2008-2009 Nace Rev. 2 code C 16.24.
194
Table 7.3.7: Extra-EU trade in wood and wood products:

top ten suppliers and markets, 2007-2011
(Million EUR)
Extra-EU trade in wood and wood products

2007
Imports
Exports
Balance
EXTRA-EU
China
Russia
2010
2011
13394
11592
8103
9777
9491
8979
7429
8956
3903
2613
674
820
Top 10 EU-27 suppliers of wood and wood products
2007
2008
2009
2010
13394
11592
8103
9777
2249
2196
1636
2070
2539
1913
1079
1422
10039
9630
409
USA
Brazil
Ukraine
Indonesia
Switzerland
Malaysia
Canada
Croatia
2008
1023
1104
482
654
505
587
519
333
811
904
427
580
469
539
415
307
2009
640
545
358
427
389
391
291
265
762
585
440
493
426
441
376
300
2011
10039
2079
1512
740
567
524
468
412
407
379
349
Source: Eurostat (COMEXT CN 44)
Figure 7.3.1: Top EU-27 suppliers of wood and wood products,

2007-2011
(Million EUR)
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
2007
2008
2009
2010
Croatia
Canada
Malaysia
Switzerland
Indonesia
Ukraine
Brazil
USA
Russia
China
2011
195

Table 7.3.8: Top 10 EU-27 markets for wood
and wood products
(Million EUR)
2007
2008
2009
2010
EXTRA-EU
9491
8979
7429
8956
2011
9630
Switzerland
1077
1073
1028
1167
1321
Norway
1161
989
771
949
1021
Japan
939
758
651
910
1015
Russia
611
728
411
445
519
China
247
251
215
343
512
1159
780
515
491
498
Egypt
274
403
429
554
466
Turkey
274
266
202
344
426
Algeria
352
303
303
408
394
Saudi Arabia
214
195
220
300
330
USA
Figure 7.3.2: Top EU-27 Markets for wood and wood products,
2007-2011
(Million EUR)
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
2007
2008
2009
2010
196
Saudi Arabia
Algeria
Turkey
Egypt
USA
China
Russia
Japan
Norway
Switzerland
2011
Table 7.3.9: Structural indicators for pulp, paper

and paperboard, articles of paper and paperboard, 2006-2009
Pulp(1)
2006
2007
260
Turnover or gross premiums written

(million EUR)
2008
2009
185
175
8282
5707
8390
7854
5693
2182
1564
755
1368
795
99
16300
14400
Apparent labour productivity (Gross value

added per person employed, 1000 EUR)
96.0
52.0
Gross operating surplus/turnover (gross

operating rate) (%)
18.0
16.5
10 (u)
1.7
Paper and paperboard( )

2
2006
2007
2008
2009
2078
2158
2096

(million EUR)
70572
73404
71735
59560
67969
71254
68910
56070
16048
15669
14071
13647
6759
6275
4898
5353
205900
196400
190100
171500
Apparent labour productivity (Gross value

added per person employed, 1000 EUR)
78.0
79.8
74.0
79.6

operating rate) (%)
9.6
8.6
6.8
0.1

Paper articles and paperboard( )

3
2008
2009
2006
17000
18346
17968

(million EUR)
87692
90000
(u)
96329
84191
81623
90000
(u)
88841
77796
22865
24000
25039
22508
6941
8000 (u)
8321
6966
491500
481700
480600
471600
46.5
50.0
50.0
48.0
7.9
9.0
8.6
8.3

Apparent labour productivity (Gross
value added per person employed,
1000 EUR)
operating rate) (%)
2007
( ) Products covered: 2006-2007: Nace Rev 1 code DE 2111 and 2008-2009 Nace Rev 2 code C 17.11.
(2) Products covered: 2006-2007: Nace Rev 1 code DE 2112 and 2008-2009 Nace Rev 2 code C 17.12.
(3) Products covered: 2006-2007: Nace Rev 1 code DE 212 and 2008-2009 Nace Rev 2 code C 17.2.
1
197
198
Production
1000 mt
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
37079.2
504.3
134.8
747.0
4.8
2725.0
220.0
2011.1
1837.4
401.0
1.0
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 mt
16717.4
640.3
20.0
149.3
69.3
4097.9
1.6
54.0
128.2
969.5
1879.3
3175.0
0.0
0.2
49.6
0.0
110.0
Imports
1000 EUR
9964666.4
453081.5
12933.1
79917.5
38004.4
2503359.5
854.9
45163.0
65580.8
546802.0
1127380.0
1795294.4
26.2
81.9
25757.5
18.5
63371.2
Exports
1000 mt
12764.1
.
103.3
403.2
15.9
1068.9
143.7
0.0
0.1
1139.9
712.6
32.8
0.1
37.0
0.0
4.8
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
7189552.6
436882.7
46755.5
201825.2
5436.3
601048.0
64813.1
30.0
66.9
710226.1
354309.0
19536.4
34.2
18388.2
1.0
3136.8
Imports
1000 mt
9186.0
572.1
4.2
39.8
35.6
1602.7
0.1
28.5
51.0
454.1
1030.9
2317.8
0.1
3.0
20.5
Imports
1000 EUR
4841193.0
264832.0
3326.5
21171.1
16878.8
851414.8
28.0
24739.0
25227.4
257574.4
570824.0
1108801.8
54.5
1393.7
11479.0
Exports
1000 mt
3207.4
13.0
54.6
85.8
0.3
262.4
28.2
0.0
0.0
158.2
163.3
10.9
33.2
0.3
Exports
1000 EUR
1325403.2
6529.1
24050.8
43346.0
25.9
146660.2
11116.8
30.0
13.8
96861.0
122455.0
7493.3
16601.9
193.0
Table 7.3.10: Wood pulp production and trade (1), 2011
Table 7.3.10: Wood pulp production and trade(1), 2011 (cont.)

Production
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
80.0
2005.5
1087.0
2107.1
43.0
716.3
10362.0
11858.0
234.0
:
:
1912.0
141.6
Imports
1000 EUR
7.4
916641.0
378049.0
396038.1
42880.2
38300.2
102464.4
125351.8
255292.9
269637.8
682377.6
0.0
:
27297.9
164775.8
Exports
1000 mt
931.7
392.8
39.0
1088.3
3.9
0.0
174.0
2474.9
3151.4
20.6
589.6
8.2
EU external trade
Exports
1000 EUR
526261.0
238282.0
22217.2
434318.2
1848.0
4.5
83275.4
1373741.0
2037489.5
9626.8
:
417555.8
2400.8
Imports
1000 mt
0.0
1493.0
171.2
383.4
2.8
14.9
55.4
1.3
43.1
195.2
665.7
9.6
:
:
:
Imports
1000 EUR
0.1
895793.9
110688.0
207022.8
1378.8
7215.8
27655.4
655.1
20175.6
16350.8
396511.8
0.0
:
:
:
Exports
1000 mt
274.8
60.0
1.5
160.6
1.0
0.0
16.9
1125.7
754.2
2.5
:
:
:
Source: Eurostat (online data code: for_pp)
Exports
1000 EUR
130652.8
37579.0
1100.7
70551.1
523.3
4.5
8161.8
546177.7
54478.9
796.5
:
:
:
1000 mt
EU internal trade
Imports
1000 mt
0.0
1525.2
636.6
710.1
83.6
71.6
198.3
210.7
472.5
470.3
994.3
9.6
:
44.1
295.3
199
200
Production
1000 mt
EU-27
EU internal trade
EU external trade
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
1000 mt
1000 EUR
1000 mt
1000 EUR
1000 mt
1000 EUR
1000 mt
1000 EUR
62462.2
47929416.3
6484.0
4371813.2
17426.7
12054048.6
2127732.9
436.5
304183.1
866.7
460974.4
94155.4
50060.5
37643332.8
BE
2039.9
3882.6
2678142.4
BG
292.9
275.0
209259.1
114.8
86810.0
89.7
58942.9
73.8
53328.4
CZ
829.0
1274.5
949803.6
734.2
618674.7
50.0
36874.7
120.8
126908.8
DK
422.7
993.8
780419.6
254.9
211974.0
122.5
87609.2
14.6
25356.1
DE
22704.0
10532.8
7786547.0
13299.1
10430220.0
1323.7
929663.7
2725.6
2763086.1
EE
73.0
138.5
108558.5
93.5
76594.7
13.0
9935.9
61.3
50820.5
IE
47.0
383.5
333282.0
58.8
51631.0
15.1
20600.0
1.0
7082.0
EL
507.9
571.6
459840.9
92.3
57995.3
150.5
109192.7
46.2
25681.5
ES
6491.5
3042.1
2310184.5
2701.2
2029559.9
494.5
313972.7
905.1
702892.0
FR
8527.2
5455.7
4209295.0
4473.6
3806561.0
397.2
331799.0
858.1
929452.0
IT
9130.3
5167.1
3740556.0
3622.1
3451491.7
982.7
623454.7
976.0
900397.6
CY
74.1
63785.8
0.1
168.3
LV
64.2
169.0
122879.6
46.9
37672.0
21.4
13526.4
6.2
5133.0
LT
110.8
210.9
183157.9
132.6
86361.4
24.5
15329.5
74.8
60094.2
LU
21.0
177.5
193718.3
8.0
14484.3
0.9
1123.1
0.1
258.6
HU
696.0
746.8
619218.5
581.2
464867.0
53.4
37121.3
130.6
75395.2
Table 7.3.11: Paper and paperboard production and trade(1), 2011
Table 7.3.11: Paper and paperboard production and trade (1), 2011 (cont.)
Production
EU external trade
Imports
Exports
Exports
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
1000 mt
1000 EUR
1000 mt
1000 EUR
1000 mt
1000 EUR
1000 mt
1000 EUR
MT
28.4
57536.7
0.0
604.7
8.4
11663.1
0.0
24.9
NL
2748.0
2828.6
2278069.0
2004.8
1875184.0
321.7
258862.0
524.4
454032.3
AT
4901.2
1366.2
1051227.0
3986.7
2677416.0
76.3
60659.0
956.1
685314.0
PL
3800.0
3073.8
2201674.5
1978.5
1485221.2
142.2
103678.5
452.8
354244.9
PT
1936.2
802.5
659311.0
1780.7
1287562.4
55.7
37933.7
599.0
389415.9
RO
297.0
444.1
301820.3
80.7
59271.4
74.4
43882.2
20.3
11146.9
SI
787.5
306.8
202143.8
535.3
376974.6
52.9
30478.7
201.8
140385.3
SK
748.4
488.4
359575.7
590.5
453442.3
19.0
12857.1
106.8
85365.4
FI
11329.0
479.7
333497.6
10443.3
7147376.0
66.6
35531.9
4678.8
3099106.6
SE
11298.0
852.9
666300.6
10450.9
7780409.7
294.1
22699.0
2705.5
230443.1
UK
4352.8
6293.5
4783528.0
1215.1
1233155.9
1197.0
860239.3
320.7
417709.2
30293.6
23.6
3.7
0.0
30293.6
23.6
3.7
0.0
IS
LI
NO
1492.0
432.2
361654.3
1320.7
732824.0
CH
1375.6
865.9
847727.1
894.5
763988.6
Source: Eurostat (online data code: for_pp)
1000 mt
EU internal trade
Imports
201
202
(Tonnes)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share of 2011
imports
% growth
2010-2011
% growth
2007-2011
EXTRA-EU
9659174
9147352
8245561
9008495
9185556
100.0
2.0
-4.9
Brazil
3299606
3094971
3152544
3521055
3659853
39.8
3.9
10.9
20.5
USA
2172043
2007111
1776952
1832764
1727505
18.8
5.7
Chile
1152850
1149202
947624
1012949
1271627
13.8
25.5
10.3
Canada
1428156
1128332
808027
776524
678392
7.4
12.6
52.5
Uruguay
Norway
398032
464511
641283
630083
6.9
1.7
541652
516163
421624
499174
468407
5.1
6.2
13.5
Russia
303853
344564
271204
317414
343025
3.7
8.1
12.9
South Africa
184642
123454
148044
149915
136586
1.5
8.9
26.0
Switzerland
Indonesia
73191
67463
37391
37246
84178
0.9
126.0
15.0
244287
149783
73640
90100
70733
0.8
21.5
71.0
Source: Eurostat (COMEXT CN 4701-4706)
Table 7.3.12: Extra-EU trade, top 10 EU-27 suppliers of pulp, 2007-2011
Figure 7.3.3: Extra-EU trade, top 10 EU-27 suppliers of pulp, 2007-2011

(Tonnes)
4 000 000
3 000 000
2 500 000
2 000 000
1 500 000
1 000 000
500 000
0
Brazil
USA
Chile
Canada
2007
Uruguay
2008
Norway
2009
Russia
2010
South Africa
2011
Switzerland
Indonesia
3 500 000
203
204
(1000EUR)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share of
2011 imports
% growth
2010-2011
% growth
2007-2011
EXTRA-EU
4742410
4615115
3382939
5213761
5176592
100.0
0.7
9.2
Brazil
1498039
1449174
1104201
1876137
1847501
35.7
1.5
23.3
USA
1203784
1157518
956449
1251664
1217024
23.5
2.8
1.1
Chile
544291
544261
338148
564234
668998
12.9
18.6
22.9
Canada
684736
557305
327758
461253
386826
7.5
16.1
43.5
184460
164004
350014
321190
6.2
8.2
Norway
262983
260124
178173
271120
292132
5.6
7.8
11.1
Russia
18.4
Uruguay
131081
152904
86942
159280
155265
3.0
2.5
South Africa
98873
72857
73922
102391
100269
1.9
2.1
1.4
Philippines
31571
42784
46690
40950
54308
1.0
32.6
72.0
China
19794
25677
19276
33086
52200
1.0
57.8
163.7
Table 7.3.13: Extra-EU trade, top 10 EU-27 suppliers of pulp, 2007-2011
Figure 7.3.4: Extra-EU trade, top 10 EU-27 suppliers of pulp, 2007-2011

(1000EUR)
2 000 000
1 000 000
500 000
Brazil
USA
Chile
Canada
2007
Uruguay
2008
Norway
2009
Russia
2010
South Africa
2011
Philippines
China
1 500 000
205
206
(Tonnes)
Top 10 EU-27 markets for paper (tonnes)
EXTRA-EU
USA
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share of 2011
imports
% growth
2010-2011
% growth
2007-2011
19809026
19698977
17674912
20014489
20001714
100.0
0.1
1.0
2185225
1657795
1421031
1647501
1641841
8.2
0.3
24.9
Turkey
1409762
1290295
1290059
1645658
1606313
8.0
2.4
13.9
Russia
1579672
1542456
1197929
1405677
1395952
7.0
0.7
11.6
Switzerland
7.0
1452216
1435550
1317720
1408684
1349868
6.7
4.2
China
668041
730888
915199
725418
745554
3.7
2.8
11.6
Norway
717044
684499
664772
636387
671162
3.4
5.5
6.4
1184047
1278167
752490
919242
669347
3.3
27.2
43.5
Undisclosed
countries
Saudi Arabia
430546
521817
491666
559248
630633
3.2
12.8
46.5
Australia
530975
563168
422370
578271
597960
3.0
3.4
12.6
Ukraine
571232
612862
507736
583770
569529
2.8
2.4
0.3
Table 7.3.14: Extra-EU trade, top 10 markets for paper, 2007-2011
Figure 7.3.5: Extra-EU trade, top 10 markets for paper, 2007-2011

(Tonnes)
2 500 000
1 500 000
1 000 000
500 000
USA
Turkey
Russia
Switzerland
2007
China
2008
Norway
2009
Undisclosed
countries
2010
Saudi Arabia
2011
Australia
Ukraine
2 000 000
207
208
(1000EUR)
Top 10 EU-27 markets for paper (1000 EUR)
EXTRA-EU
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share of 2011
imports
% growth
2010-2011
% growth
2007-2011
18995995
19267285
16890060
19871093
20896674
100.0
5.2
Russia
2254550
2285571
1830266
2077217
2104565
10.1
1.3
10.0
-6.7
Switzerland
1755252
1809093
1736175
1864949
1950295
9.3
4.6
11.1
-14.7
USA
2138638
1817908
1564589
1738784
1823480
8.7
4.9
Turkey
1036037
996238
936754
1243218
1314523
6.3
5.7
26.9
Norway
841935
834988
794678
851325
938740
4.5
10.3
11.5
43.3
China
594508
567323
627264
758038
851963
4.1
12.4
Ukraine
690687
784073
620260
718944
725546
3.5
0.9
5.0
Australia
527037
565996
449121
582989
582394
2.8
-0.1
10.5
Brazil
319108
370284
313821
500589
509613
2.4
1.8
59.7
India
402096
475931
409714
473981
486949
2.3
2.7
21.1
Table 7.3.15: Extra-EU trade, top 10 markets for paper, 2007-2011
Figure 7.3.6: Extra-EU trade, top 10 markets for paper, 2007-2011

(1000EUR)
2 500 000
1 500 000
1 000 000
500 000
Russia
Switzerland
USA
Turkey
2007
Norway
2008
China
2009
Ukraine
2010
Australia
2011
Brazil
India
2 000 000
209
210
(Tonnes)
Top 10 EU-27 suppliers of paper (tonnes)

2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share of
2011 imports
% growth
2010-2011
% growth
2007-2011
13.8
EXTRA-EU
8806120
8313560
7847732
8023631
7587653
100.0
5.4
USA
1434221
1501087
1264240
1496983
1503875
19.8
0.5
4.9
Switzerland
1402791
1396885
1208048
1317380
1197186
15.8
9.1
14.7
Norway
1486885
1365428
1181118
1259777
1084601
14.3
13.9
27.1
Russia
776948
781936
820020
702571
667949
8.8
4.9
14.0
20.7
China
788174
647091
687133
748482
625288
8.2
16.5
Brazil
394253
430003
417382
434775
407661
5.4
6.2
3.4
Canada
893578
665333
664381
491790
356858
4.7
27.4
60.1
Turkey
212752
266344
223915
234767
278187
3.7
18.5
30.8
Indonesia
211873
194486
253440
187178
190857
2.5
2.0
9.9
Croatia
161025
139881
125568
156558
159131
2.1
1.6
1.2
Table 7.3.16: Extra-EU trade: top 10 EU-27 suppliers of paper, 2007-2011
Figure 7.3.7: Extra-EU trade: top 10 EU-27 suppliers of paper, 2007-2011

(Tonnes)
1 600 000
1 200 000
1 000 000
800 000
600 000
400 000
200 000
0
USA
Switzerland
Norway
Russia
2007
China
2008
Brazil
2009
Canada
2010
Turkey
2011
Indonesia
Croatia
1 400 000
211
212
(1000EUR)
Top 10 EU-27 suppliers of paper (1000 EUR)

2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share of
2011 imports
% growth
2010-2011
% growth
2007-2011
EXTRA-EU
7656294
7418287
6856210
7570756
7680969
100.0
0.3
0.3
China
1177512
1212226
1188819
1496434
1456651
19.0
23.7
23.7
USA
1228381
1251654
1076820
1308855
1371228
17.9
11.6
11.6
Switzerland
1385681
1383203
1224034
1327888
1281249
16.7
7.5
7.5
Norway
932968
831039
699351
744162
694412
9.0
25.6
25.6
Russia
402626
393972
393740
322696
353048
4.6
12.3
12.3
Turkey
263615
305279
268980
277228
315669
4.1
19.7
19.7
Brazil
240832
208403
227038
287529
294940
3.8
22.5
22.5
53.5
Canada
531854
380583
370372
280458
247047
3.2
53.5
Indonesia
178892
182822
194152
170778
179591
2.3
0.4
0.4
Japan
148364
140786
134298
167984
166323
2.2
12.1
12.1
Table 7.3.17: Extra-EU trade: top 10 EU-27 suppliers of paper, 2007-2011
Figure 7.3.8: Extra-EU trade: top 10 EU-27 suppliers of paper, 2007-2011

(1000EUR)
1 600 000
1 200 000
1 000 000
800 000
600 000
400 000
200 000
0
China
USA
Switzerland
Norway
2007
Russia
2008
Turkey
2009
Brazil
2010
Canada
2011
Indonesia
Japan
1 400 000
213
214
(Tonnes)
Top 10 EU-27 markets for recovered paper (tonnes)

Share of 2011
imports
% growth
2010-2011
% growth
2007-2011
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
EXTRA-EU
9886753
11598790
13281198
10227512
11134759
100.0
8.9
12.6
China
6794580
7903466
9302115
7038136
8275820
74.3
17.6
21.8
Indonesia
985432
906396
1309912
999936
980708
8.8
1.9
0.5
India
641127
917752
1196975
763397
559858
5.0
26.7
12.7
Switzerland
118390
166801
141391
173203
278928
2.5
61.0
135.6
South Korea
215259
191019
244334
216477
174077
1.6
19.6
19.1
Norway
71172
80616
94404
134206
131567
1.2
2.0
84.9
Thailand
123271
267913
146307
101201
75585
0.7
25.3
38.7
Malaysia
92877
121173
110028
88920
73763
0.7
17.0
20.6
Taiwan
299108
301895
168928
94325
67115
0.6
28.8
77.6
Pakistan
39416
46951
64706
55349
57493
0.5
3.9
45.9
Table 7.3.18: Extra-EU trade, top 10 EU-27 markets for recovered paper, 2007-2011
Figure 7.3.9: Extra-EU trade, top 10 EU-27 markets for recovered paper, 2007-2011
(Tonnes)
10 000 000
8 000 000
7 000 000
6 000 000
5 000 000
4 000 000
3 000 000
2 000 000
1 000 000
0
China
Indonesia
India
Switzerland
2007
South Korea
2008
Norway
2009
Thailand
2010
Malaysia
2011
Taiwan
Pakistan
9 000 000
215
216
Top 10 EU-27 markets for recovered paper (1000 EUR)
EXTRA-EU
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share
of 2011 imports
% growth
2010-2011
% growth
2007-2011
1147535
1391095.81
1097252.89
1422818.3
1718787
100.0
20.8
49.8
China
773567
919063
716769
932204
1245412
72.5
33.6
61.0
Indonesia
108287
112762
106026
138839
146787
8.5
5.7
35.6
India
86343
124833
116690
124649
101204
5.9
18.8
17.2
Switzerland
15262
23000
27725
47910
55516
3.2
15.9
263.8
South Korea
28093
23922
22207
29236
27491
1.6
6.0
2.1
Norway
7569
7094
6759
15092
17087
1.0
13.2
125.8
Thailand
13633
30191
11519
14388
12256
0.7
14.8
10.1
Pakistan
6177
8410
9044
9497
11203
0.7
18.0
81.4
Malaysia
11744
17442
9791
14242
10203
0.6
28.4
13.1
Vietnam
3461
7686
3953
6171
8925
0.5
44.6
157.9
Table 7.3.19: Extra-EU trade, top 10 EU-27 markets for recovered paper, 2007-2011
(1000EUR)
Figure 7.3.10: Extra-EU trade, top 10 EU-27 markets for recovered paper, 2007-2011
(1000EUR)
1 400 000
1 000 000
800 000
600 000
400 000
200 000
0
China
Indonesia
India
Switzerland
South Korea
2007
2008
Norway
2009
Thailand
2010
Pakistan
2011
Malaysia
Vietnam
1 200 000
217
218
(1000EUR)
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
Imports
Imports
Wood products
Further processed
Other
sawnwood
1598765.1
24893558.8
99085.0
3638.9
29897.4
22829.6
229406.0
3141.6
231457.0
14968.4
42623.7
241901.0
173186.7
3553.9
8273.2
10774.4
1695430.5
76128.9
465835.3
976660.2
5348530.0
73430.6
231457.0
243380.4
1069799.6
3386826.0
1930947.2
0.0
81998.1
86115.2
225159.6
Imports
Imports
Paper products
Paper articles
Printed articles
22694446.9
12150460.3
1738326.5
148428.1
837076.8
734894.7
3412628.0
83131.2
399858.0
361089.9
1196547.0
3695182.0
1100906.1
0.0
103456.6
206790.2
169098.3
1015827.1
31946.3
607308.1
355291.6
1652543.0
14945.8
339995.0
122989.6
546714.1
1918151.0
648013.0
9810.0
24532.9
28634.1
93369.4
Exports
Exports
Wood products
Further processed
Other
sawnwood
1194148.8
29872604.5
57826.4
6104.8
60447.0
18875.9
205426.0
47543.0
57086.0
787.0
38456.8
47369.0
125441.1
25882.4
27960.7
3934.7
1117090.9
106564.0
714325.2
1404387.9
5410901.0
656025.6
57086.0
40022.3
857271.2
1312131.0
5616836.4
0.0
319018.4
959300.6
25081.5
Exports
Exports
Paper products
Paper articles
Printed articles
26686338.7
16561284.9
1824752.7
47329.3
842605.9
537052.5
7685621.0
70236.0
72953.0
87841.2
1477255.3
1993136.0
2784978.9
0.0
67426.8
164848.8
299885.8
1150050.4
15198.8
945631.5
221727.5
3934531.0
81169.7
193833.0
73486.5
707179.6
1601256.0
1366781.9
67321.0
73475.9
22845.9
Table 7.3.20: Trade in secondary wood and paper products, 2011
Table 7.3.20: Trade in secondary wood and paper products, 2011 (cont.)
(1000EUR)
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: for_secwp, for_secpp)
Imports
Imports
Paper products
Paper articles
Printed articles
438789.8
27097.0
1549052.6
963018.0
1095162.0
435595.7
464413.0
162751.9
323174.2
318854.7
98367.9
2630756.6
39.0
0.0
634476.4
1626070.8
130745.1
19997.4
764473.0
871462.0
219493.5
177941.7
88324.9
60807.1
121100.6
184218.0
40421.6
2061404.5
13.8
:
433894.7
1346839.5
Exports
Exports
Wood products
Further processed
Other
sawnwood
18920.7
435200.1
1668.9
41814.7
841789.2
112607.0
1786727.0
186512.5
4680632.7
14383.1
591359.8
19540.2
937150.4
5451.5
281346.0
9262.6
610634.9
37608.1
422284.5
7006.5
187794.3
17901.1
499974.8
0.6
:
0.0
3042.9
284899.5
4476.3
288801.4
Exports
Exports
Paper products
Paper articles
Printed articles
502074.5
367.8
2106190.4
952574.0
1892912.2
286085.0
136157.6
164610.3
426176.6
417696.4
133207.1
1712363.3
2.2
0.0
68982.4
996681.3
152645.4
104864.7
1104283.2
415199.0
520832.2
72439.8
50165.7
110591.5
193336.0
181031.6
39378.3
3162028.6
1.5
:
57569.8
466697.5
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
Imports
Imports
Wood products
Further processed
Other
sawnwood
12010.4
167394.1
298.5
35518.2
120315.5
1663457.9
74980.0
1585260.0
36873.0
442092.2
13112.4
294462.3
12198.9
205586.0
8769.0
138965.0
17825.0
239639.5
14566.6
385501.2
2910.4
128090.6
170168.6
3715893.3
1.1
28.0
:
0.0
61333.4
1345408.0
81963.4
2112371.7
219
220
(1000EUR)
Imports
EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
Imports
Industrial roundwood
Coniferous
Non-coniferous
2023715.1
1381721.4
94884.0
485.8
119436.4
15071.7
446549.0
13924.4
17419.0
4667.7
31109.4
67247.0
123704.0
6.8
17475.6
3615.8
27289.0
7788.2
106904.7
1795.2
21672.4
20198.7
71874.0
10178.9
8100.0
4655.9
80398.0
70748.0
209670.0
161.8
5195.7
9435.9
7272.4
6890.1
Imports
Imports
Sawnwood
Coniferous
Non-coniferous
5847210.6
2316759.2
350535.1
1435.6
85851.7
258519.6
825762.0
121778.0
41344.0
44489.6
160473.5
599152.0
938766.0
13814.5
26441.0
41556.7
11134.6
58963.7
248423.4
3452.1
45194.0
62545.5
235116.0
23990.5
22359.0
16692.0
107197.6
193545.0
363932.0
4792.4
3970.9
32375.2
9289.5
28570.7
Exports
Exports
Coniferous
Non-coniferous
1603101.9
948174.1
44312.3
9013.0
266783.4
32626.3
187912.0
76836.6
31497.0
388.2
15401.7
168465.0
5026.0
116671.9
75433.5
26468.3
13133.7
63128.5
13224.3
29328.5
16306.9
114001.0
59813.6
6649.0
112.1
88054.3
156127.0
8784.0
109972.6
40063.7
4269.4
44195.9
Exports
Exports
Sawnwood
Coniferous
Non-coniferous
8324770.9
1421511.2
233448.4
34993.6
280757.4
26657.6
1233446.0
141793.0
60505.0
1549.8
21972.0
72882.0
36268.0
360505.5
73938.1
7411.5
5325.5
173855.8
9119.6
40314.9
19598.1
260995.0
35978.6
798.0
2609.4
24163.8
139854.0
82209.0
57674.7
42288.5
5797.8
60042.6
Table 7.3.21: Trade in roundwood and sawnwood by species, 2011
Table 7.3.21: Trade in roundwood and sawnwood by species, 2011 (cont.)

(1000EUR)
Imports
Imports
Imports
Sawnwood
Coniferous
Non-coniferous
1910.6
3819.1
456308.0
251301.0
341648.0
114596.0
135221.2
86676.4
15436.2
57516.7
2165.1
14367.8
106037.2
27690.6
42337.3
15676.1
75042.4
26634.2
84796.2
44658.3
1006290.6
272377.2
13.2
2.8
:
:
249431.0
20267.6
133750.1
57034.8
Source: Eurostat (online data code: for_basic and for_swpan)
Exports
Exports
Coniferous
Non-coniferous
25232.0
7032.0
72626.0
16085.0
91128.6
16746.8
5140.4
78158.5
28441.7
26640.7
40931.6
17945.9
124843.8
27901.1
57568.6
1112.3
61229.4
2243.5
25990.9
277.7
:
:
57620.1
844.3
61588.3
18677.2
Exports
Exports
Sawnwood
Coniferous
Non-coniferous
64108.0
56380.0
1093715.0
78722.0
88712.4
49699.3
57639.6
14839.1
417415.1
163618.0
115009.8
26415.4
141016.6
35071.3
1176479.8
5672.4
2550669.7
15573.1
28551.7
20220.6
0.0
0.0
:
:
86302.3
987.1
34961.8
5325.3
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
LI
NO
CH
Imports
Coniferous
Non-coniferous
90.1
65.8
23358.0
8660.0
480844.0
103515.0
70975.6
78346.7
5177.9
97260.1
30860.6
5221.5
6806.1
17032.8
4681.0
19744.5
141960.8
195844.4
231212.3
190075.1
37074.9
30803.6
0.0
0.0
:
:
74224.1
7712.3
14278.0
7100.4
221
European Commission
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
2012 221 pp. 10.5 x 21 cm
Theme: Agriculture and fisheries
Collection: Pocketbooks
ISBN 978-92-79-25431-4
ISSN 1977-2262
doi:10.2785/3341
Cat. No KS-FK-12-001-EN-C
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS

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others/agents/index_en.htm).
KS-FK-12-001-EN-C
The pocketbook Agriculture, fishery and forestry
statistics presents selected tables and graphs
providing an overview on developments and the
situation in the agriculture, fishery and forestry
sectors of the European Union. The most recent
data are presented here (reference years 2010-2011,
mostly) showing the situation in the 27 Member
States and at the European level (EU-27).
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
978-92-79-25431-4
9 789279 254314

EU Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Statistics 2011

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ISSN 1977-2262

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This publication has been produced by Units E1, Agriculture and

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

1 Agricultural Census 2010 Structural data

2 Agricultural accounts and prices

4 Agriculture and the environment

4.1. Cropping and livestock patterns

5 Economy of EU rural regions

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

7 Forestry and the wood-based industry

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Units, abbreviations and symbols used

Units, abbreviations and symbols used

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Units, abbreviations and symbols used

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Focus on the Common

Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012

The EEC Common Agricultural Policy, foreseen in the Treaty of

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012

Table 2: Total labour input, 1966-2010

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012

Total land area

Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_cpp_luse);

Rye and maslin

Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_cpp_crop);

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012

Figure 3: Share of wheat production between main world

Rest of the world

Source: Eurostat (online data code apro_cpp_crop) and FAO

Figure 4: Share of wheat production between main world

Rest of the world

Source: Eurostat (online data code apro_cpp_crop) and FAO

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012

Source: Eurostat (online data codes: apro_mk_cola and apro_mt_lscatl)

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012

Figure 5: Share of cows milk production between main world

Rest of the world

Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mk_cola) and FAO

Figure 6: Share of cows milk production between main world

Rest of the world

Source: Eurostat (online data code: apro_mk_cola) and FAO

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012

Source: Eurostat (online data codes: apro_mt_pann and apro_mt_pheadm)

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Focus on the Common Agricultural Policy: 50 years in 2012

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011

Source: Eurostat (online data code: aact_eaa06);

Indicator A is the index of the real income of factors in agriculture

Agriculture, fishery and forestry statistics

Agricultural Census 2010

Agricultural Census 2010 Structural data

The Farm Structure Survey provides harmonized data on the on