LEARN ENGLISH, GET THE WORLD OPENED.

Prepared by: Md. Meherab Hossen.

Cell: +8801726-072409.
E-mail/face book/Skype/twitter:
meherab2409@gmail.com

MODAL AUXILIARY VERB( fve cKvkK mvnvhKvix wqv )

Definition: Mode ( cbvjx, aib, cv etc ) k _K Modal ki Drcw|
h mgZ Auxiliary Verb , Principal Verb Gi mv_ hy nq wewfb A_ cKvk Ki mjvK Modal Auxiliary verb
|
Example: 1. Avwg Mvwo PvjvZ cvwi|- I can drive a car.
2. Zvgvi DwPr Acv Kiv|

You should wait.

3. AvR ew nZ cvi| - It may rain today

Modal Auxiliary Verb

11
Can
Can
Pnt
Pnt

2
Could
Pnt

3
May
Pnt

4
Might
Pst

5
Shall
Pnt

6
Should
Pst

7
Will
Pnt

8
Would
Pst

9
Used to
Pst

10
Ought to
Pnt

11
Must
Pnt

12
Need
Pnt

13
Dare
Pnt

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODAL AUXILIARY VERB :

1. Modal A.V. Gi mv_ h Kvb Sentence form -G V1 eeZ nq |

Exp : Zzwg wK BsiRx ejZ cvi? -Can you speak English ?
2. M.A.V.Gi mv_ KLbB

s,es,ing hy nq bv|

Exp: wg IUv Kivi mvnm Ki|- Jemy dare do that.

3. M.A.V Gi AvM ev ci to eeZ nq bv| Ze ewZg nj `yUv :a. Used to

b. Ought to

Exp : evev mKvj KviAvb coZb? Father used to recite the Quran in the morning.
4. g~jZ M.A.V. Gi past form nq bv| Ze ay gv 1. Could 2. Might 3. Should 4. Would GB PviwU _vKj I

Giv ay Past Action cKvk Ki bv | eis Gjvi eenvii wKQz mxgveZv iqQ|

Exp : gv`i GLb _vgv DwPr| (Present+ Future)-You should stop now. (hw`I Shall -Gi Past- Should)
5. Need, Dare Ges Used to K Semi Modal verb ejv nq| Kvib Gjv Principal Verb ev M.A.V. wnme

eeZ nZ cvi|

Exp : Zvgvi hvIqv `viKvi bB You need not go .

(M.A.V)

(P.V)
Or You do not need to go
6. Kvb NUbv AZxZ cKvwkZ nqQ, G Modal verb Gi ci {have v3 }. em A_vr

Sub+ m.a.v +have+v3 +obj+Ext

Exp : 1. Zvgvi K_v ivLv DwPr wQj- You should have kept the word.
2.ivnvZ KvbvWv hZ cviZ|- Rahat could have gone to Canada.

Modal Auxiliary Verb hy Sentence Gi wewfb form Gi Structure :

1. Affirmative : Sub -M.V.- v1 ob- Ext.

2 .Negative : Sub-M.V.-not- v1 ob- Ext.

3. Interrogative : M.V.- Sub-v1 ob- Ext ?

4. Inter+Neg : M.V.+nt- Sub-v1 ob- Ext ?

Avgv`i

DwPr

QvU`i

mn

Kiv|

Exp

1:

Exp

2 : m AvgvK GUv wRm bvI KiZ cvi| He might not ask me about this.

Exp

3: Zzwg wK AvgvK wKQy UvKv w`q mvnvh KiZ cvi? - Could you help me with some money

Exp

4: Zzwme wK wbqwgZ cvovbv KiZ bv? -Usednt Tusib to study regularly?

We

should

love

our

junior.

Note:- Avgiv Rvwb ay `yUv M.A.V. Gi ci to AvQ h_v-a) Used to, b) Ought to Gjv w`q Interrogative ev
Int+ Neg Sentence KiZ to Subject Gi ci eeZ nq |
Exp : Avgv`i wK K_v ivLv DwPr bv ? Oughtnt we to keep our commitment?

Use of Can- cviv

Rule-1 AbygwZ PvIqv ev AbygwZ `qv eySvZ present I future Tense G mKj person G can eenvi nq|
Exp 1:. Avwg wK Avcbvi KjgwU eenvi KiZ cvwi? --Can I use your pen ? (AbygwZ PvIqv)

2.nuv ,Zzwg GUv KiZ cvi| Yes, you can do this .(AbygwZ `qv)

Note: AbygwZ PvIqv eySvZ can, may ev could wZbwUB eenvi Kiv hvq| Ze can Gi Pq could ev
may viv BsiRx fvlvq AwaKZi ewk bgZv, f`Zv cKvk Ki|

Lecture : Giyc Sentence -G can -Gi

eywSq g~jZ eZgvbB AbygwZ PvIqv eySvq|

Past form- could eeZ njI GwU AZxZ Kvb AbygwZ PvIqv bv

Mind it, can, could etc. Gjv cZKwU Avjv`v-Avjv`v mvnvhKvix

wqv, g~j wqv bq| ZvB, c~eB DjL Kiv nqQ wKQz wKQz M.A.V Gi past form _vKjI Gjv g~jZ mvavib Kvb
Pricinal verb Gi Past form gZ eeZ nq bv| 13 wU M.A.V. Gi cZKwUi ^qs m~b I ^Z eenvi iqQ|

Exp 1. Avwg b`xwU cvox w`Z cvwi/ cvie (eZgvb+fwelr ) - I can cross the river.
2. Avwg b`xwU cvox w`Z ciwQjvg | (AZxZ) I could cross the river.(incorrect)
-I was able to/manged to cross the river.(correct)
{Avevi Shall Gi past form- should njI Should eZgvb I fwelr wb`k Ki|

Exp: Avgv`i `kK fvjevmv DwPr&- We should love our country.

Rule-2 gZv ev mvg_ eySvZ:Exp 1. Avwg GUv cwieZb KiZ cvwi- I can change it.
2 . bvR mvuZvi KvUZ cvi bv|

Naj cannot swim.

Rule-3 AwRZ vb ev `Zv eySvZ :-

Exp: m BsiRx AbMj ejZ cvi| He can speak English fluently.

2. mif Mvox PvjvZ cvi| - Sourav can drive a car .

Rule 4 Abyiva eySvZ:Exp :Zzwg wK Zvgvi evKiY eBwU w`Z cvi| -Can you help me with your grammar book?
Note:- G Could ev Would I eeZ nq| Ges Can Gi Ph Could ev Would viv English Language-G
AwaKZi ewk Etiquette cKvk cvq |
Rule

mvavib mvebv Ges mgq wekl mvebv eySvZ: -

Exp : 1.Zzwg ZvK evSvZ cvie| You can make him understand.
2. G iKg NUbv wec`RbK nZ cvi| Such incident can be nIqv dangerous.

Rule

cve eySvZ..

Exp : 1.Zzwg PvBj Avwg Mvwo fvov KiZ cvwi| -I can rent a car if you want.
Rule 7

Bw`q ev Dcjw wqv | (like, dislike, desire- AvKvLv Kiv hear, realize- Abyaveb Kiv, satisfy, see,

smell M bqv, understand, feel , Gjvi Can eeZ nq|

Exp : 1. Avwg Zvgvi K eySZ cvwi| - I can realize your sorrow.

2. Zzwg ZvK m KiZ cvie|-You can satisfy her.

Use of Could
Rule 1 eZgvb AbygwZ PvIqv ev `qv eySvZ|
Exp : 1. Avwg wK Zvgvi cbwmjwU eenvi KiZ cvwi?-Could I use your pencil?
2. nv, Zzwg cvi| Yes, you could.

Rule

eZgvb webxZ Abyiva cKvk KiZ:

Exp: AvgvK wK evsK hvIqvi c_wU `wLq `eb?

Could you show me the way to the bank?

Note: Could Gi cwieZ would I eenvi Kiv hvq|

Rule 3 eZgvb djvdj wb`k KiZ:Exp : Avwg GZB Kv h Nywgq ciZ cvwi|- I am so tired that I could sleep.
Rule 4 AZxZ gZv wQj Ggb fve cKvk KiZ;Exp: Avgvi `v`v hLb hyeK wQjb ZLb wZwb fvj nv-Wy-Wy LjZ cviZb|-

-When my grandfather was

young, he could play ha-du-du well.

Note 1: Ze AZxZ KD Kvb wbw` KvR KiZ ciwQj Ggb fve cKvk KiZ could eeZ nq bv| G j could Gi
cwieZ was/were able to, A_ev managed to eenvi KiZ nq|
Exp:Avwg b`xwU cvox w`Z ciwQjvg

-I could cross the river.()

- I was able to/ managed to cross the river ()

Note 2. wKy Negative Gi Could not eeZ nq|

Exp: Avwg b`xwU cvwo w`Z cvwiwb| I could not cross the river.
Rule 3 cve eySvZ :-

Exp: 1. Question : Avgiv GB mvq wK Kie? Whalt shall we do in this evening ?

Answer : Avgiv XvKv hZ cvwi Ges GKUv wmbgv `LZ cvwi|

-We could go to Dhaka and see a film.

2. Zzwg wkKi mv_ AvjvPbv KiZ cvi|- You could talk to the teacher.
Rule 6 kZ cKvki eZgvb A_ eySZ |
Exp: hw` Avwg ZvgvK mvnvh Kwi Ze Zzwg wK KvRwU KiZ cvie?
Could you do the work if I helped you?

Note: G aibi Sentence G if hy clause (evKvsk) wU Past Indefinite nq|

Rule 7 Kvb wKQz NUe Ggb myhvMi K_v ejZI Could eeZ nZ cvi|
Exp :

1.

GB mvq ew nZ cvi|- It could rain this evening .

2.Avgv`i `j gvPwUZ wRZZ cvi|- Our team could win the match .

Rule 8 AZxZ Kvb KvR Kivi gZv ev myhvM _vKv mZI Zv eenvi Kiv nqwb& eySvZ Ggb fve cKvk KiZ Could
eenvi nq| G MVb cbvjx wbbic|

Structure :- Sub+ could have-v3 ob- Ext.

Exp: Zzwg cixvq mdj nZ cviZ|- You could have passed in the examination

Use of may/might- cviv (mebv

A_)
Rule 1 fwelr mvebv eySvZ May / might DfiB eeZ nq| Ze May viv AwaKZi ewk mvebv eySvq|

Exp : RyuB AvmZ cvi|- Jui may come . (80% chance)

Or , Jui might come . (30% chance)
Rule 2 Abygvb eySvZ Present / past Tense -G - may / might eeZ nq|
A. eZgvb NUbvi mK Abygvb Kivi Structure wU ne-

Structure: Sub- may/might be-v4 ob- Ext .

Exp :Zviv nqZ GLb LjQ| They may / might be playing now .

B.

AZxZ NUbvi mK Abygvb Kivi Structure wU ne|

Structure: Sub+ may/might have-v3 ob- Ext.

.

Exp : m nqZ wMqQ/ wMqwQj|- He may / might have gone . (Namely, he went /has gone)
Rule 3 AbygwZ PvIqv eySvZ Present / Future Tense G mKj Person G aygv May eeZ nq|
Exp 1: Rbve, Avwg wK fZi AvmZ cvwi? May I come in, sir ?
Exp 2 : Avwg wK Avcbvi dvbUv `qv Ki eenvi KiZ cvwi -May I use your phone, please ?
Rule 4 :AbygwZ c`vbi May / might DfqB eeZ nq|
Exp 1: nvu, fZi AvmZ cvib|- Yes, you may come in .
Exp 2 : nvu, eenvi KiZ cvib|- Yes, you might use my phone .
Rule 5 Kvb wKQz Kivi Dk e KiZ may, might DfqB eeZ nq|
Exp : 1. Avgiv LvB hvZ Avgiv euP _vKZ cvwi|- We eat that we may live .
2. m KVvi cwikg KiwQj hvZ m DbwZ KiZ cvi| He worked hard so that he might prosper .
Rule 6 gbi BQv ev cv_bv eySvZ Imperative sentence Gi iyZ may eeZ nq|
Exp 1 : Zzwg `xN Rxwe nI|- May you live long .
Exp 2: AvjvnZvgvi gj Kiyb|- May Allah bless you .
Rule 7 :Z_ Rvbvi may /might eeZ nq Ze G might ewk chvR|
Exp : ek, Avcwb K? Well, who may / might you be ?

Use of Shall/ Will

Rule 1 : mvaviYfve Future Tense MVb KiZ Avgiv 1st person -G Shall Ges 2nd I 3rd person -G will
eenvi Kwi|
Exp 1: Avgiv AvMvgxKvj jb hve|-We shall go to London tomorrow .
Exp 2 : Qjiv b`xZ mvuZvi KvUe The boys will swim in the river .
AvaywbK BsiRxZ mKj Person -G will eenvi Kivi cebZv j Kiv hvq|
Rule 2 1. Av`k (Command) 2.gwK (Threat) 3.KZci Av`k (Authoritative order) 4.`p cwZv
(Determination) 5.evaevaKZv (Obligation) 6. cwZv (Promise) 7. BQv (Intention) eySvZ 1st person G will.

2nd I 3rd person G shall eenvi KiZ nq| (Dv)

Exp 1: Zzwg Kvj Abykxjb hve| (Av`k)

_You shall go to practice tomorrow . (Command)

Exp 2: mygbK kvw `qv ne| (gwK)- Sumon shall be punished . (threat)
Exp 3: KjR iweevi e _vKe|(KZci Av`k)

_College shall remain closed on Sunday. (Authoritative

order)

Exp 4: Avwg Kie bv nq gie| (`p cwZv)

_I will do or die . (Determination)

Exp 5: Zzwg wkKK gvb Kie| (evaevaKZv)

_You shall obey the teachers . (Obligation)

Exp 6: Avgiv MwieK mvnvh Kie| (cwZv )

Exp 7 : I Avgvi K cek Kie bv| (BQv)

-We will help the poor . (Promise)

-He shall not enter my room . (Intention)

Rule 3 : If hy clause, Present Indefinite nj Principal clause G will eeZ nq|
Exp : hw` AvMvgxKvj ew nq, Ze Avwg hve bv|- If it rains tomorrow, I will not go.

Use of Should / Ought to - DwPr

Rule 1 mKj person G Present, Past I Future Tense -G KZe ev evaevaKZv cKvk KiZ should / ought to

eeZ nq|
Exp : 1Avgv`i AvBb gvb Kiv DwPr (Prt + Fut) : We should / ought to obey the laws .
2.

m ejj h Zvi mLvb hvIqv DwPr (Pst)

- He said that he should / ought to go there .

Rule 2 webq cKvk KiZ should eeZ nq|

Exp : Avgi DwPr GUv Avcbvi Rb Kiv|- I should do it for you.
Rule 3 kZ eySvZ :Exp Zzwg hw` c_ g nI, Ze Avwg ZvgvK cyi vi `e |- Should you (if you) stand first, I would give you a
prize.

Rule 4 Present, Past, Future Tense -G Abygvb eySvZ should eeZ nq|

Present :- Sub- should be-v4 ob- Ext.

Exp

It should be raining now . (A_vr Avwg Avkv Kwi h GLb ew nQ|)

Past :- Sub-should have/ought to have-v3 ob- Ext

Exp : He should have reached home by now .
(A_vr Avwg Avkv KiwQ h m GZb evwoZ cuxQ MQ|)
3. Future : He ought to have much free time to meet you .A_vr Avwg Avkv KiwQ h Zvgvi mv_ `Lv Kivi

gZ Zvi h_ mgq _vKe)

Rule 5

That clause(evKvsk) -G

happy, anxious(DwM), sorry, concerned (DwM / mswk),delighted

(Avbw`Z), absurd (AhwK), amazing (weqKi), annoying (weiwKi), ludicrous (nvmKi), odd (A^vfvweK),
strange (A~Z), surprising (weqKi) BZvw` Adjective Gici Should eeZ nq|

Exp : Avwg Avbw`Z h m gZvgZwU Mnb Kie|

-I am delighted that he should take the view .
I am anxious that she should be successful.

(A_vr Avwg Zvi mdj nIqv wbq DwM)

I am delighted that Kuddus should get the prize.

(A_vr Avwg Avbw`Z h Kzym cyi viwU cve)

Rule 6 Verb wnme Order, Advise, determine(wi cwZv Kiv), agree, ask, command (Av`k), decide,
demand, insist(Rvi Kiv), propose(c ve Kiv), recommend (mycvwik Kiv), request, stipulate (Kvb Pzwi kZ
Kiv), suggest, urge (Avnvb Kiv) BZvw`i ci Should eeZ nq|

Exp : I ordered that the car should be kept locked ( A_vr Avwg ZvK MvwowU Zvjve KiZ Av`k w`jvg)
Rule 7 eZgvb mgq Kiv DwPr wK KiQ bv Ggb fve cKvk KiZ Should/ought to eeZ nq|

Structure :- Sub+ Should be-v4 ob+ Ext.

Exp : Zvi GLb covZ _vKv DwPr|- He should be/ ought to be reading now.
Rule 8 AZxZ Kiv DwPr wQj wK Kiv nqwb Ggb fve cKvk KiZ Should/ought to eeZ nq|

Structure :-Sub+ should have/ought to have-v3 ob- ext.

Exp : AvgvK evcviwU Zgvi Rvbvbv DwPr wQj|
-You should have/ ought to have informed me about the matter.
Note : Should Ges Ought to g~jZ GKB A_ cKvk Ki| Ze G`i ga cavb cv_K nj

1. Should Gi ci to em bv wK ought Gi ci to em| Ges

2. Should Gi Pq ought to Gi fve AwaK Rvivjv|
Exp: Avgv`i DwPr evev gvK gvb Kiv|- We ought to obey our parents.

Use of Would
Rule 1 webxZ Abyiva cKvk KiZ Would eeZ nq|
Exp 1. Zzwg wK `qv Ki `iRvUv Lyje?- Would you open the door, please?
Exp 2: Avwg Avkv Kwi Avcwb `qv Ki Avgvi fvBK mvnvh Kieb|-I hope, you would kindly help my brother.
Rule 2 `p msK cKvk KiZ :-

Exp :- Avwg Avgvi cwZv iv Kie| I would keep my promise

Rule 3 wbgb ev c ve eySvZ|

Structure: Would sub- mind- v4+ing ob- Ext.

Exp: Avcwb wK Avgvi cve Mnb Kieb? - Would you mind accepting my proposal?
Rule 4 AwaKZi cQ` eySvZ like, love, prefer,care hate,be glad/happy Gi mv_ would eeZ nq|
Exp : Avwg GK Kvc Kwd LZ PvB|- I would like to have a cup of tea .
Note : Would like PvIqv (want) eySvq|

Exp : Avwg wKQz Avcj PvB - I would like some apples.

Rule 5 gbi BQv cKvk KiZ:
Exp : Avwg mdj ne|-| I would come out successful.
Rule 6 AZxZi Kvb wbqwgZ KvR ev wbqwgZ AfvmMZ KvR cKvk KiZ mKj person -G would eeZ nq|

Exp : 1.nqiZ Igi (iv:) mvavib Rxeb hvcb KiZb|- Hazrat Omar (R.) would lead a simple life.
2. Avgiv mevB iweevi mKvj Nyg _K DVZvg| -We all would get up early on Sundays.

Use of Used to .. Zvg, ..Z,...Z, ..Zb,

Note: M.A.V iyc Used to Gi eenvi GLvb `Lvbv nj|
Rule 1 AZxZi wbqwgZ Ges AwbqwgZ KvR ev Afvm cKvk KiZ Used to eeZ nq|
Exp 1 : Avwg Pv LZvg; GLb Kwd LvB|-I used to drink tea; now I drink coffee.
Exp 2: RwmKv KweZv wjLZ|- Jesika used to write letter.

Use of Must -AekB

Rule 1
eZgvb I fwelrZ Kvb KvR AekB KiZ ne Gic eySZ mKj person G must eeZ nq|
Exp:1. Avgv`i mevi AekB AvBb gvbZ ne|- We all must abide by the law.
Note : must Gi A_ AZxZ cKvk KiZ had to eeZ nq|
Rule 2
Kvb KvR AekB GLb NUQ Abygvb Kivi must eeZ nq| Ze Giyc Abygvb Sentence G Negative nq bv|

Structure: Sub must be v4 -ob Ext.

Exp : m wbqB divmx fvlv wkLQ| -He must be learning French.
Rule 3 Kvb KvR AekB AZxZ NU wMqQ Giyc Abygvb Kiv nj:

Structure: Sub must have v3 -ob Ext.

Exp : QjwU wbqB/ AekB weKj cvuPUvi ga evwo cQ wMqQ|

-The boy must have reached home by 5 p.m.

Rule 4 Kvb KvR wbqB c~e iy nq GLb I PjQ Giyc Abygvb Kiv nj:

Structure: sub-must have been- v4 ob ext.

Exp 1: m wbqB GLvb emevm KiQ|- He must have been living here
Extra Exp 1: m AekB GUv Rvb |-He must know it .
2: m AekB Qv ne|- He must be a student .
3: m wbqB Amy wQj|- He must have been ill .

Use of Need- `iKvi

Note : M.A.V iyc GLvb Need Gi eenvi `Lvbv nj|

Rule1 M.A.V. wnme Need Present Ges Future Tense -G ay Negative I Interrogative A_ cKvk Ki|
Exp :

1. Zv`i hvevi `iKvi bB- They need not go.

2. Zvi wK GUv Kiv `iKvi?- Need he do it ?

Rule 2 AZxZ Kvb KvR Kivi `iKvi wQj bv Gic avibv cKvk KiZ:
.

Structure: Sub-need not have v3 ob Ext .

Exp : Avcbvi GZ UvKv LiP Kivi `iKvi wQj bv| -You need not have spent so much money.

Use of Dare mvnm Kiv

Note : M.A.V. iyc GLvb Dare Gi eenvi `Lvbv nj|
Rule 1 M.A.V wnme Dare Present I Future Tense G ay Negative I Interrogative (Not Affirmative)
A_ cKvk Ki|

Exp 1: Z^x GKv XvKv hvIqvi mvnm Ki bv| Tanny dare not go to Dhaka alone.
Exp 2 : m wK wimvZK gvivi mvnm Ki? Dare he beat Risat?
Rule 2 Abi cwZ ivM, vf ev weiw cKvk KiZ :

Structure: How dare/dared-sub-v1--Exp

1.Zzwg Kvb mvnm GK_v ej ? -How dare you say so!

2.m Kvb mvnm AwfhvM w`j|- How dared he complain !

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