Hemangioma

Noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas are present at birth and grow as the child grows. They do not go through a
regression (shrinking) phase. They may be surgically removed. If the NICH is large, it may need embolization prior to
surgery to help control the bleeding. Embolization is a procedure done by a radiologist to help decrease the blood flow
to a vascular lesion. It is done before surgery to lessen blood loss during surgery.

Rapidly Involuting Congenital Hemangioma

Rapidly involuting congenital hemangiomas also are present at birth. However, they go through a rapid regression
phase and may be completely gone by the time the child is 12 to 18 months old. Surgery may be necessary even after
regression of the tumor because of loose skin or scarring.

Capilarry hemangioma
Capillary hemangiomas are one of the most common benign orbital tumors of infancy. They are benign endothelial cell
neoplasms that are typically absent at birth and characteristically have rapid growth in infancy with spontaneous
involution later in life. This is in contrast to another known group of childhood vascular anomalies, vascular
malformations. Vascular malformations, such as lymphangiomas and arteriovenous malformations, are present at birth
and are characterized by very slow growth with persistence into adult life
PHACES syndrome is associated with large segmental hemangiomas of the head and neck. The acronym refers
to P osterior fossa abnormalities (Dandy-Walker malformation), H emangiomas, A rterial lesions, C ardiac
abnormalities (coarctation), E ye abnormalities, and S ternal clefting. As spectrum of severity exists in these patients,
they must be closely monitored for progressive cardiovascular and neurovascular deterioration.