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Roller-Cam Systems Design: Development of A Profile Analysis Software
Roller-Cam Systems Design: Development of A Profile Analysis Software
*E-mail: oe.simolowo@mail.ui.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
The different options involved in cam systems
design such as types of cams and followers,
number of applicable standard cam functions,
divisions of follower motion-segments, and
possible combinations of follower displacement
profiles, among others, were critically studied to
determine the structure and capabilities of a
software package suited for extensive design
analyses. The software was applied in the design
of cam profiles with selected follower and cam
functions and the results obtained were found
comparable with those obtained from numerical
methods and existing software packages.
(Keywords: cams, design, software, analyses)
INTRODUCTION
The relevance and role of cams in modern
machine systems has made their continuous
study necessary and inevitable. Literature
searches have shown that there is a trend in the
structure, usage, and design of cam systems
towards better and more accurate output.
Research has been carried out on almost all
aspects relating to cam systems since their
invention and introduction into the engineering
world in the last century.
Cam systems are equivalent to four-bar
mechanisms and are usually of one-degree
freedom (Shigley and Uicker, 1980). They play
very important roles in modern machinery and are
extensively used in internal combustion engines,
machine tools, printing press, packaging
machines and many other applications (Norton,
R. 1998; Oyawale, 2001). They provide the
simplest means of achieving any desired follower
motion such as found in complicated automatic
operations.
The design of cam-follower systems is a process
that requires highly computerized procedures to
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
(4)
(1)
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2
2
( Ro + y ) + ( y ')
(2)
pitch = + R =
r
( Ro + y ) 2 + 2 ( y ' ) 2 ( Ro + y ) y ' '
u=
( R
v=
( R
) (3a)
(3b)
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
The software structure and features enhancing
comprehensive and extensive cam design
analyses for plate cams with roller followers
carried out in this work are here by presented in
this section.
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
(iii)
(iv)
3. The overall max, min and min from all the max,
min and min of the different segments
considered in the design are calculated.
4. The pitch using overall min and equation (2) is
also computed.
Software Procedure for Determining Ro with
Max > 35o
In the design of plate cams using roller follower,
the values of max must be checked so as not to
exceed 30 to 35o in each of the follower motion
segments. For cases with max exceeding these
values in one or more of the segments, the
sequence of operation of the algorithm is
described below.
1. The values of maximum pressure angle (3035o) for each of the motion segments are read as
input values.
2. In each of the follower motion segments, with
the given Lift L, Cam angular difference , initial
and final angles of cam rotation, the algorithm
calculates the following;
(i)
(ii)
The
follower
displacement
and
derivatives y and y using the equations
of the required cam function.
The pressure angle using equation (1).
The max and min for each segment. max
must not exceed 30 to 35o.
y '
Ro=
tan y +
(4)
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Vfollower= VP24
Pressure
angle
Follower
Common normal
(Axis of transmission)
Common tangent
(Axis of slip)
A
R
VP24
Prime
circle
R
a
O
2
C
P24
Pitch
curve
Cam
profile
Base
circle
x
R P24
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1
2
y = L
sin
2
L
2
y = 1 cos
2L
2
y = 2 sin
y = 4 2
For 0
(5a)
cos 2
y =
L
2
1 cos
y = 4 2
y ' = 0.43990085
sin
(5b)
cos 2
For
(6a)
1
7
,
8
8
y = L 0.28004957 + 0.43990085 Z 2
Where Z 2 = 0.31505577cos 4
3 6
http://www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST.htm
L
1 cos 4
sin 4
L
y = 69.4663577 3 cos 4
y" = 5.5279571
1
2
y = L1 +
sin
2L
y = L 0.43990085 Z1
y =
y ' = 0.43990085
4
L
(6b)
1 + 3 sin
3 6
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4
cos
2
3 6
4
L
y = 23.1553 3 sin
3 6
7
For ,
8
Where Z 5 = 0.31505577cos 4
y = L 0.56009915 + 0.43990085 Z 3
Z 3 = 0.0350062 sin 2 2 1
y = 23.1553
y" = 5.5279571
L
1 cos 2 2 1
L
y" = 5.5279571 2 sin 2 2 1
(6c)
L
y = 69.4663577 3 cos 2 2 1
y ' = 0.43990085
3 6
4
L
y ' = 0.43990085 1 + 3 sin
3 6
y" = 5.5279571
For
4
cos
3 6
L
(6e)
4
sin
3 6
L
7
,
8
y = L1 - 0.56009915 + 0.43990085 Z 6
y ' = 0.43990085
L
1 cos 2 2 1
y" = 5.5279571
sin
2
2
2
L
(6f)
y = 69.4663577
For 0
1
,
8
Software Application
y = L 1 - 0.43990085 Z 4
y ' = 0.43990085
cos 2 2 1
L
1 cos 4
(6d)
cos 4
L
y" = 5.5279571 2 sin 4
1
7
For ,
8
8
y = 69.4663577
y = L 1 - 0.28004957 + 0.43990085 Z 5
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(1)
0
(2)
163.5
(3)
0
(4)
163.5
(5)
163.5
2 (DEG)
182
300
182
300
300
(DEG)
182
136.5
182
136.5
136.5
L (MM)
64.26
76.20
64.26
76.20
76.20
(DEG)
30
30
RO (MM)
82.5
RR (MM)
12.7
CAM MOTION
CYCLOID
M. HARMONIC
CYCLOID
M. HARMONIC
CYCLOID
FOLL. MOTION
RISE
RETURN
RISE
RETURN
RISE
82.5
82.5
+THESE VALUES ARE NOT NEEDED AS INPUT FOR INDICATED DESIGN CASE STUDY
case1
Ro min
Shigley
Ro min
Software
10
20
30
40
50
(mm)
Figure 2: Numerical Results (Shigley and Uicker) vs. Software Results for Design Case 1.
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case3
Max.P.Angle
Software
Max.P.Angle
Shigley
case2
10
20
(Degrees)
30
40
Figure 3: Numerical Results (Shigley and Uicker) vs. Software Results for Design Cases 2 and 3.
case 4
Rho min
Shigley
Rho Min.
Software
20
40
60
80
(mm)
Figure 4: Numerical Results (Shigley and Uicker) vs. Software Results for Design Case 4.
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
Software
Shigley
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
case1(Ro)
case2 (P.A)
case3 (P.A)
case4 (Rho)
Figure 5: Combined Numerical Results (Shigley and Uicker) vs. Software Results for All Cases.
Screenshot 1: Display of Y, Y, Y and cam Profile for 2-segmented Motion (Roller follower) on a Single
Interface.
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
CONCLUSION
Software algorithms that can be used for more
comprehensive deign analysis of plate cam
systems with reciprocating roller follower has
been developed. The many design combinations,
repetition of calculations coupled with plotting of
hundreds of cam and follower profile points
Screenshot 2: Cam Profile Simulation using Different Degree Increments and Same Roller Radius
for Three Motion Segments.
The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
Screenshot 3: Cam Profile Simulation using Different Degree Increments and Same Roller Radius
for Four Motion Segments.
Screenshot 4: Cam Profile Simulation using Different Degree Increments and Same Roller Radius
for Six Motion Segments.
The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
REFERENCES
1.
8.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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SUGGESTED CITATION
Simolowo, O.E. and O.A. Bamiro. 2009. RollerCam Systems Design: Development of a Profile
Analysis Software. Pacific Journal of Science
and Technology. 10(1):20-34.
Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)