4.

621.311.21

.. , .. , .. , .. , ..
() , , () .
: , , , .


-
2009 2013
.


() . , ..
D1,

.
a b


[1]:

na Db H a
=
a ;
nb Da H b
b
2

Qa Da Ha
= 2
a qb ;
Qb Db H b
b qa
2

Na Da Ha Ha
= 2
a a qb ,
Nb Db Hb Hb
b bqa
: a, b a b;
qa, qb ;
a, b a b.
,
, , q
a b.
a D1a=1
Ha=1

. [1]

4 2009

na = nI ' =

nD1
H

Qa = QI ' =

Q
2
1

Na = NI ' = 9,81 QI ' =

N
D H H
2
1

.

, ,
ns.
,
, H=1,0 N=1,0 ..
,
.
[1, 2]

ns = n

N..
ns = 3,65 nI ' QI ' .
H4 H

.
(
) .
. 1.
2.

253

 .., .., .., .., ..

3.


(,
).
[1]

D
H
= 1 0,5(1 )1 + 6 1 12
D1 H

"" ""
.

.

nI ' = f QI ' , .

.
, ,
=0,87.

Q=

N
, 3/,
gH

QI ' =

, /;

D1 H
nD1
, /;
nI ' =
H
N
ns = n 4 . . , /.
H H

v0 =

Q
4Q
=
, /,
S D 2 D 2

D ( );
254

v 1" =

Q
v0
; v 1" =
, /,
S cos 1
cos 1

S , 2.
:

u' =

D n
/.
60

1' :

tg1' =

vm '
v '
; 1' = arctg m .
w 1'
w 1'

u" =

D1n
, /.
60

v2 =

4Q
, /.
2
D1

( )

:
2

g ;
.
D1.

D
.
, .

1=45.
:

D =

D1 + D
, .
2

:
: u =

D n
, /.
60

1 D
45, :

4Q
2 , /;
D D
Q
vz
=
v1 =
, /;
S cos 1 cos 1
v1u = v1 cos45 , /;
w1u = u1 v1u , /;
v
v
tg1 = z , 1 = arctg z .
w1u
w1u

v1z = v 2 z = v z =

2
1

4 2009

1 ( )

2 - ()
510 , 510 , 7585 / 3000 /:
1 ; 2 ; 3
; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8
4 2009

255

 .., .., .., .., ..

3 :
1 , 4 , 14 ,
100 , ;
2 50 ;
3 ( .), 6 , 4 , 0,8
;
4 ( 200200 ), ;
5 ;
6 , 5 , 3 , 24 ,
1/2,5, 1/2,0;
7 , 20 , 14 ;
8 , 14 , 17 ;
9 , 14 , 11 ( ) ( , ), 1,25 1,3
10 0,50,5 , 0,7
;
256

4 2009


,
2=90,
:

tg2 =

v2
v
, 2 = arctg 2 .
u
u

v 1 = v 1m + v 1u .
v1u

v u r n = const ; v u r n = v u r n ; n=1.
:

v 1u " = v u

, /;

R"
w1u " = u"v1u " , /;
v "
v "
tg1" = m ; v m " = v m ; 1" = arctg m .
w1u "
w1u "
v
v
tg2 " = 2 ; 2 " = arctg 2 .
u"
u"
:

R
, /,
R'
w1u ' = u'v1u ' , /,

v 1u ' = v u

tg1' =

vm '
v '
; v m " = v m ; 1' = arctg m .
w1u '
w1u '
v
v
tg2 ' = 2 , 2 ' = arctg 2 .
u'
u'

,
4 [1, 3].

4
,
4 2009

b/t>1 ( b ; t ),
, .. 0.

(
)
( ). E2,
,
.
,

:

E2 =

v
+ h ,
2g

,
.

Hs <

P Pbn

H ,
g
g

.
=k; k=1,1-1,2.

(ns + 30)1,8 ;
200000

: ".." .

.. [1].
:
) ;
) ;
) ,

H;
) .
.. , , 5. , ,

88% 257

 .., .., .., .., ..

80 100%, -

20 100%,

.

.
()
( 2371602)
[4],


, ,
.

5
:
1 ; 2 -; 3, 4
- ; 5


.
,
, ..

258

1. , ..
. []: . . . . .: , 1969. 400 .
2. , .. :
[] .: , 1971. 584 .
3. , .. :
[]: .- 2-
., . .: , 1983. 320
.
4. 2371602,
F 03B 3/00, F 03B 13/00.
/ .. , .. , .. .-
2008100434/06; . 09.01.2008; . ..,
27.10.2009, 30.
., ..., ., . , , . .. , .
(3852) 36-78-89, trodivilina@mail.ru

4 2009