2.

1.
[ ]
: o y = f( x) x x 1 x 2
f( x 2 ) - f(x 1 )
f( x 1 + x) - f( x 1 )
y
y =
=
x
x
x2-x1
x
( , x = x 2 - x 1 )

o PQ

:o y = f( x) x a a +x
x 0

lim

x0

y
f(a +x)-f( a)
= lim
x
x
x0

y = f( x) x = a ( )

f '( a) .

lim
f '( a) = x0

f(a +x)-f( a)
x

= lim
xa

f(x)- f( a)
f(a+ h)- f( a)
= lim
x-a
h
h0

o f '( a) , y = f( x) x = a
.
o : f '( a) y = f( x)
P( a , f( a) ) ( PT ) .

: o y = f( x) x = a x = a
( ) : x = a f '( a)

- 1 -

f(a+h)-f( a)
h
h
f(a+h)-f( a)
= lim
lim h
h
h0
h0
= f '( a )0
=0

lim {f( a + h) - f( a) } = lim

h0

h0

f(a +h) = f( a)
lim
h0

o .
: o f '( a) = lim
h0

f(a+h)-f( a)
h
f '( x) = lim
h0

a x

f(x+h)-f( x)
f( x)
h

.
dy
d
o : y ' , f '( x) , dx , dx f( x)

o f '( x) y = f( x) ( x , f( x) )
.
f( x) f '( x) f( x) .
: f( x) , g( x) ,
o f(x) = x n (n ) f '( x) = nx n - 1
o f( x) = c ( c ) f '( x) = 0
o {kf( x) } ' = kf '( x)

( , k )

o {f( x)g( x) } ' = f '(x)g '( x)

o {f( x) g( x) } ' = f '( x) g( x) +f( x)g '( x)
o y = f( ax + b) ( a , b ) y ' = af '( ax + b)
o y = {f( x) } n y ' = n {f( x) } n - 1f '( x) ( n )

[1] : f( x) , g( x) ,
'

{ g(f( x)x) } =

f '( x) g( x) - f( x)g '(x)

2
{ g( x) }

f( x)
f( x + x)
f( x)
f( x + x)g( x) - f( x)g( x + x)
() : y = g( x) , y = g( x + x) - g( x) =
g( x + x)g( x)
=

f( x)
g( x)

{f( x + x) - f( x) }g( x) - f( x) {g( x + x) - g( x) }

g( x + x)g( x)

'

} = lim y
x
x0

= lim

x0

1
{f( x + x) - f( x) }g( x) - f( x) {g( x + x) - g( x) }

x
g( x + x)g(x)

f '( x) g( x) - f( x)g '(x)

{ g( x) } 2

- 2 -

[2] x n : n y=x n y ' = nx

() : (i)

n-1

(ii) n :
(x n ) ' = ( x - m ) ' =

1
m
x

( )

n =- m m
'

=-

mx m - 1
=-mx - m - 1 = nx n - 1
2m
x

[ ]
2

1. f( x) = 2x + 3 lim
h0

f(1+ h )- f( 1)
.
h

() : 0
2. .
2x
(2) y = x 2 +1

(1) y= ( 3x 2 - x) 2

() : (1) y ' = 2( 6x - 1)( 3x 2 - x)

2( x 2 -1)
(2) y ' =- ( x 2 + 1) 2
3
lim n f
- 1 - f( - 1) ?
3. f(x) = 52 x n
n

{(

() :

15
ln 2
2

[ ]
1. .
2
(1) y =4 x+ x + 1

4x - 1
(2) y = x 2 -1

2x
2. f( x) , g( x) f( x) = g( x) - 1 , f '( 0) = 3 , g( 0)

? (, g( x) =
/ 1)

2.
[ ]

y = f( u) , u =g( x)

y =f( g( x))
dy
dy
du
=

dx
du
dx

, y ' = f '( g( x))g '( x)

() : u = g(x + x) - g( x) , y =f(u +u) -f( u) ,

y = f( u) , u =g( x)

lim

x0

- 3 -

u
du
y
dy
=
, lim
=
x
dx
du
u0 u

, u =g( x) x 0 u 0 .
,

dy
y
y
u
= lim
= lim

dx
x
x0 x
x0 u

y
u
dy
du
lim
=

) = lim u
x
du
dx
u0

x0

= f '( u) g '(x)
= f '(g(x))g '( x)

o y = f( ax + b) ( a , b ) y ' = af '( ax + b)
f '( x)
o y = f( x) y ' = 2 f( x)

[]
1. .
(1)

y=

1
( 2x + 1 ) 3

(2) y= ( x 2 +1)( 2x - 1) 3

6
() : (1) y ' =- ( 2x + 1 ) 4

(2) y ' = 2( 2x - 1) 2 (5x 2 -x+ 3)

2. g(x) = tan x , f( x) = e 4x + 2 h( x) = ( fg)( x) h ' 4

?

( )

() : 4e 6
3.

f( x) g( x) = f( 2x - 1) , f '( 3) =- 1

, g '( 2) ?
() -2
[ ]
1. .
(1) y= ( x 2 + x +1) 2 ( x 2 -1) 3

(x-x2)3
(2) y= (x + 1) 2

2. .
(1) y = 2x - 3
3.

3
(2) y= ( x 2 -x+ 1) 8

f( x) = 2 sin x + cos x

g( x)

h( x) = ( gf )( x) x = 0 h '( 0) = 12 , g '( 1)
?

- 4 -

4. f( x) = ln x , g( x) =
?

-1
2
3x +1 h( x) = ( f g ) ( x) , h '( 1)

3.
[ ]
: x = f( t) , y = g( t)

dx
=
/ 0
dt

dy
g '(t)
=
dx
f '( t)

() : t t x y x , y
x = f( t) x 0 t 0 .

() :

y
y
t
lim
= lim
x0 x
t0 x
t

dy
dy
dt
,
=
=
dx
dx
dt

g '( t)
f '( t) .

x = f( t) ( .).

[ ]
2

t
1+t
1. x= 1 + t 2 , y = 1-t 2

()

dx
dt
=
=
dy
dt

dy
dx

dy
dx .

1-t2
2 2
2 3
(1+t )
(1-t )
=
4t
4t(1+t 2 ) 2
2 2
(1-t )

[ ]
1+t
2
1. x = 1 - t , y = 1 - t ,

dy
dx .

4.
[ ]

: x y f( x , y) = 0 f( x , y) = 0
y x , x
y y ' .

<> : : y =f( x)

f( x , y) = 0

: y =f( x) , f - 1 (x) ,

- 5 -

dy
1
1
y =f - 1 (x)
=
=
dx
dx
f '( y)
dy

() : y = f - 1 (x)

( , f '( y) =
/0)

x =f - 1 (y)

d
d
dy
dy
x 1 = dx f( y) = dy f( y) dx = f '( y) dx

dy
1
1
=
=
dx
dx
f '( y)
dy

/0)
( , f '(y) =

() : y = f( x) f g( = f - 1 ) , x = g( y) .
1
g '( y) = f '(x)
g( y +k) - g( y)
k

<> : g( y)

g( y + k) - g( y)= h g( y + k) = g( y)+ h = x +h .

y + k = f( x + h) k =f( x + h) - y = f( x + h) - f( x)
h
f( x + h) - f( x)

1
f( x + h) - f( x)
h

1
f '(x) .

1
g '( y) = f '(x) .
dx
1
=
dy
dy
dx

[ ]
1.
(1) x 2 +xy- y 2 = 1

dy
dx .

(2)

y
x
- 2 =1
x2
y

2y
(3) x = y 2 + 1
d
d
d 2
2
(x )+
( xy) y =0
dx
dx
dx

() ; (1) x
2x +(

d
dy
d 2 dy
xy + x
)y
dx
dx
dy
dx = 0

2x +y + x

dy
dy
- 2y
=0
dx
dx

dy
2x + y
=( , x=
/ 2y )
dx
x - 2y

(2) x 2y 2 y 3 - x 3 = x 2y 2
d 3
d 3
d
y x =
( x 2y 2 )
dx
dx
dx

d 3 dy
d 2
d 2
y
- 3x 2 =
x y 2 + x 2
y
dy
dx
dx
dx

- 6 -

3y 2
3y 2

dy
d 2 dy
- 3x 2 = 2xy 2 + x 2
y
dx
dy
dx

(
)
dy
dy
- 3x = ( 2xy + x 2y
dx
dx )
2

dy
2xy 2 + 3x 2
=
dx
3y 2 -2x 2y

/ 2x ) .
( , 3y =
2

(3) y

dx
- 2 ( y 2 - 1)
=
2
2
.
dy
( y +1)
2
2. x = y 2 -1

()

dx
( 2y) '( y +1) - ( 2y) ( y + 1) '
=
dy
( y 2 +1) 2
dy
( y 2 + 1) 2
=2
dx
2(y -1)

dy
dx .

dx
- 4y
=
dy
( y 2 -1) 2 .

dy
1
=
dx
dx
dy

1
( y 2 - 1) 2
=- 4y
4y
( y 2 -1) 2

1
3. x 2 + y 2 + axy + b= 0 (2, 1) - 5 ,

a , b a + b ?
() a = - 6 , b = 7

a+b= 1

[ ]
1.

dy
dx .

(1) x 2 + 3xy - 2y 2= 1
2. x =y 1 - y

(2)

y
x
+ =1
x
y

(3)

y
= x 2 +1
x+y

dy
dx .

3. f( x) = cos x ( 0 < x < ) g( x) , g '( x) .

4. f( x) = x 2 -2x+ 5 y =g( x) , g '( 5) ? (, x1 )
5.
[ ]

[1] y =f( x) = sin x y ' = cos x
() :

dy
f(x+ h)- f( x)
sin (x+ h)- sin x
= lim
= lim
dx
h
h
h0
h0

- 7 -

2x + h
h
sin
2
2
= lim
h
h0
h
h
2 cos x+
sin
2
2
= lim
h
h0
h
h
cos x+
sin
2
2
= lim
= cos x
h
h0
2
2 cos

[2] y = cos x y ' =- sin x

() : y = cos x = sin 2 + x ,

'

'

( ( 2 + x)) = cos ( 2 + x)( 2 + x) = cos ( 2 + x) =- sin x

y ' = sin

[3] y = tan x y ' = sec 2x

( sin x) '( cos x) - sin x( cos x) '
sin x
2
() : y = tan x = cos x , y ' =
cos x
cos x cos x - sin x( - sin x)
cos 2x
2
2
cos x + sin x
=
2
cos x
1
=
2
cos x
2
= sec x
=

[4] y = sec x

y ' = sec x tan x

[5] y = cosec x
[6] y = cot x

y ' =- cosec x cot x

y ' =- cosec 2x

[ ]
1. .
(1) y = sin x + 2 cos x

(2) y = sin 2x

(3) y = sin (3x +5)

(4) y =

1 + sec x
tan x

() : (1) y ' = cos x -2 sin x

(2) y ' = 2 sin x cos x
(3) y ' = 3 cos (3x +5)
(4) y ' = cosec x {1 -( 1 + sec x) cosec x }
2. .
(1) y= cos x o

(2) y = sin 32x

(3)

y = cot ( tan x)

x
() (1) y ' =- 180 sin 180 (2) y ' = 6 sin 22x cos 2x

- 8 -

(3) y ' =- sec 2x cosec 2 ( tan x)

[ ]
1. .
(1) y = sec (3x + 2)

2.

(2) y = cot 2x

(3) y = sin ( sin x)

dy
dx .

x cos y + y cos x = 1

6.
[ ]

[1] y=e x y ' = e x
() : y ' = lim
h0

e x + h -e x
e x (e h -1)
e h -1
= e x lim
= e x1 = e x
= lim
h
h
h
h0
h0

[2] y =a x y ' = a x lna

() : y ' = lim
h0

x+h

-a
a (a -1)
a -1
= lim
= a x lim
= a x lna
h
h
h
h0
h0

1
/ 1 , x>0)
[1] y = log ax y ' = xlna ( , a > 0 , a =
x+ h
log a
log a (x + h)- log x
x
= lim
() : y ' = lim
h
h
h0
h0

log a 1+
= lim
h0

h
x

1
h
= lim log a 1 +
x
h0 x

1
h
= lim log a 1+
x h0
x
1
1
= log ae=
x
x ln a

1
[2] y = ln x y ' = x

x
h

x
h

(, x > 0 )

1
1
() : a = e y ' = x ln e = x
1
[3] y = ln |x | y ' = x

() : (i) x > 0 , y = ln x

y '=

(ii) x< 0 , y = ln ( - x)

1
x

y ' = ( ln ( - x) ) ' =
=

- 9 -

1
( - x) '
( - x)
1
1
( - 1) =
( - x)
x

1
(i), (ii) y ' = x
1
[4] y = log a|x | y ' = x ln a

() : y = log a|x | =

ln |x |
, y '=
ln a

'

ln |x |
ln a

) = 1x

1
1
=
ln a
x ln a .

[ ]
1. .
(1) y= e 3x

(2) y=3 5x

() : (1) y ' = 3 e 3x

(3) y =e x sinx
(2) y ' = 53 5x ln3

(3) y ' = e x ( sin x + cos x)

2. .
(1)

(2) y = ln (x 2 +1)

y = log 32x

(3) y =x 2 lnx

x-1
(4) y = ln 2x + 1

1
() : (1) y ' = x ln 3
2x
(2) y ' = x 2 +1

(3) y ' = 2x ln x + x
3
(4) y ' = ( x - 1) ( 2x + 1)

[ ]
1. (1) y=x 3e x

(2) y =4 x cos2x

2. .
(1) y = ln |3x + 1|

(2) y = x x ( x > 0 )

(3) y=3 x

(4) y=

( 2x + 1) 2 ( x + 1)
3
( x - 1)

3. .
(1) y = x ln x

(2) y=a cos x

(3) y = log 2 ( ln x)

(4) y =x

x2

( , x> 0 )

4. f( x) = log ax .
[ f '( x) = lim
h0

log a (x+ h)- log ax

f(x+h)-f( x)
= lim
h
h
h0
log a ( )
= lim
= lim log a ( )
h
h0
h0

x
h

1
log ae =
( )

1
( )

1
( ) ln a

(), () ?

- 10 -

5. f( x) = x sin x ( , 1 ) ? (, x > 0 )

7. x n
[ ]
y = x n
p
(i) n : n = q ( p , q )
y=x n = x

p
q

, q , y q = x p
q-1

x q y
dy
px p - 1
p
=
q-1 =
dx
q
qy

xp-1
p
q

(x )

q-1

p
q

dy
p-1
= px
,
dx

xp-1
x

p-

p
q

p
x
q

p
-1
q

= nx

n-1

(ii) n : y=x n
n

ln |y | = ln |x | = n ln |x |

x
1 dy
1
=n
y dx
x ,

1
n
y '=
y
x

n
n n
n-1
y ' = y x = x x = nx

[ ]
1. .
(1) y = 3x 4 -1

(2) y= x 2 + x
3

() : (1) y ' =

6x
4
3x - 1

(2) y ' =- x

2
2+ 1

+x - 1

[ ]
1. .
(1)

y = 3 x-

1
x

(2) y=x 2e x

8.
[ ]
: f( x) f '( x) , {f '(x) } ' f( x)
d 2y
d2
y '' , f ''( x) , dx 2 , dx 2 f(x) .

n : f( x) n , n f( x)

- 11 -

( n)

y
n ,

,f

( n)

(x) ,

d ny
dn
f(x) .
n ,
dx
dx n

: f( x) f( x) .
[ ]
1. .
(1) y=2 x

(2) y =e x sin2x

() : (1) y '' = 2 x ( ln 2) 2

(2) y '' =e x ( 4 cos 2x - 3 sin 2x)

2. n .
(1) y=e - x

(2) y = sin x

() : (1) y ( n) = ( -1) n e - x

( n)
(2) y = sin

( n2 +x)

[ ]
1. f( x) = xe ax + b f '( 0) = 5 , f ''(0) = 10 a , b
.
2. n .
(1) y=e ax + b

(2) y = cos x

(3) y = ln x

3. y =e - x cosx y '' + 2y ' + 2y .

[ ]
1. 1m AB
A 5cm/
O .
OA = 50cm B v .

2. f( x) n f n (x) n .
x 8 + 2x 2 + x - 5 = f( x)+ f 1 (x) + f 2 (x) + + f n (x) + , f( 1) ?

- 12 -