Qun l cng nghip

EE4513 Vin in
TS. L Minh Hong TTAC Center

MICA International Research Institute

Multimedia, Information, Communication & Applications
UMI 2954
Hanoi University of Science and Technology
1 Dai Co Viet - Hanoi - Vietnam

Gii thiu mn hc

Tn mn hc: Qun l cng nghip (EE4513)

L thuyt (2 tn ch) + Bi tp (1 tn ch)
nh gi :

Ti liu tham kho

MICA
2013

Kim tra gia hc k (0,3)

Thi cui hc k (0,7)

Vincent GIRARD, Gestion de la production, Economica,

2003, 3me dition.
Patrick ESQUIROL et Pierre LOPEZ, Lordonnancement,
Economica, 1999
Pierre LOPEZ et Francois ROUBELLAT, Ordonnancement
de la production, Hermes, 2001
2

Ni dung mn hc

Gii thiu chung v Qun l cng nghip

M hnh, phng php lp k hoch v lp thi

gian biu sn xut

Qu trnh pht trin ca Qun l cng nghip

M hnh H thng sn xut
Tnh linh hot trong cc hot ng qun l cng nghip
C cu t chc cc hot ng qun l cng nghip

M hnh ti u ha
L thuyt hnh
Phng php gii cc bi ton ti u ha trong cng nghip

Qun l sn xut

Qun l lu tr
Lp k hoch t hng

MICA
2013

Phn 1: Gii thiu chung

v Qun l cng nghip

MICA International Research Institute

Multimedia, Information, Communication & Applications
UMI 2954
Hanoi University of Science and Technology
1 Dai Co Viet - Hanoi - Vietnam

Chng 1: Gii thiu chung

Lch s pht trin cc h thng qun l cng nghip

Cc khi nim

Gc k thut

Gc h thng: 4 hot ng qun l chnh

Ba vn chnh cn gii quyt:

H thng vt l
H thng ra quyt nh cc cp
H thng thng tin

Tnh linh hot trong bi ton qun l cng nghip

Qun l cng nghip

H thng sn xut
Qun l sn xut
Qun l sn xut s dng my tnh

nh ngha
Phng php a cp
Cu trc ma trn

Phn loi cc h thng sn xut

Phn loi theo t chc cc ngun lc

Phn loi theo iu khin sn xut

MICA
2013

H thng cng nghip (1)

Sn xut

t hng
nguyn liu
u vo

Cht lng

Tnh ton
chi ph

n t
hng

u vo

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2013

Qun l xut
nhp kho

Giao hng

H thng cng nghip (2)

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2013

H thng cng nghip (3)

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2013

H thng cng nghip (4) D n

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H thng cng nghip (5)

Cu hi:

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y c phi h thng cng nghip

khng?
Nguyn liu u vo? Sn phm u
ra?

10

Qu trnh pht trin

TK 18: sn xut th cng

TK 19: Sn xut (v kh, thuc l)
TK 20: nhu cu s dng hp l cc yu t sn xut -> ra i khi
nim qun l sn xut

Taylor (1911): t chc cc cng vic da trn

S khc bit gia vic thit k v thc hin

Thc hin ti u cc cng vic v vn chuyn
S dng ti a nng sut ca my mc

Ford (1913): tiu chun ha cc h thng sn xut v khi nim lm vic

trn dy chuyn

Haris v Wilson (1913-1924): Kinh t lng

Fayol (1916): a ra m hnh phn cp ca t chc sn xut

Gantt (1917): Lp k hoch sn xut

Khi nim nng cao tnh linh hot trong cc doanh nghip

Lp k hoch sn xut, t chc sn xut, kim sot, phi hp sn xut

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SP GP - GPAO

H thng sn xut (SP)

Di gc nhn ca k s t ng ha: chuyn i mt tp
hp cc nguyn liu u vo v/hoc linh kin bn thnh
phm thnh sn phm hon chnh
Qun l sn xut (GP)
m bo vic t chc h thng sn xut sn xut c
mt s lng sn phm mong mun trong mt khong
thi gian nht nh vi cc ngun lc c sn (nhn lc,
cng ngh)
Qun l sn xut s dng thit b my tnh (GPAO)
- nguyn liu u vo
- bn thnh phm

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2013

H thng
sn xut

- thnh phm hon chnh

- bn thnh phm

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H thng sn xut
Thnh phm
d liu k
thut

Nh cung
cp

Qun l
lu tr
Qun l
nguyn liu
u vo

Lu tr

Qun l
cng vic
Lp k hoch/thi
gian biu sn xut
S liu kinh
doanh

Sn xut
Gim st
sn xut

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Bn hot ng chnh ca Qun l cng nghip

Qun l d liu k thut

Qun l d liu thng mi

m bo vic nhp hng ha nguyn liu u vo hoc bn thnh

phm
m bo vic lu tr cc sn phm hon chnh

Qun l hot ng sn xut

MICA
2013

Tip nhn cc n t hng v lp k hoch thc hin vic

chuyn hng theo mong mun ca khch hng

Qun l cc nguyn liu u vo

M t thit k cc sn phm hoc h cc sn phm

M t quy trnh sn xut ca tng sn phm

T chc thc hin cc cng vic trong khong thi gian cho php
bng cch iu tit cc ngun lc sn c.
C tnh ton n cc s liu k thut v thng mi cng nh cc
d liu sn xut (s lng sn phm tn kho, trng thi cc ngun
lc,)
14

Cc h thng nhnh trong h thng cng nghip

H thng vt l (my mc)

H thng ra quyt nh sn xut

Cc yu t trc tip tham gia vo qu trnh sn xut

Chu s nh hng ca cc yu t mi trng
Qun l cc hot ng ca h thng vt l
Tnh ton n cc rng buc ca mi trng
m bo phn ng li cc s c

H thng thng tin

m bo s lin kt gia h thng vt l v h thng ra

quyt nh sn xut
m bo phn ng li cc s c

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Qun l cng nghip

Khi nim
T chc vic thc hin cc hot ng sn xut di rng
buc v thi gian v cc ngun lc

Cng vic c th trong qun l cng nghip

Cng c

MICA
2013

Lp k hoch sn xut (planification)

Lp lch thc hin cc cng vic/phn b cc ngun lc
(scheduling)
Qun l cc ngun lc (resources management)

Phng php tnh ton xc nh v phng php tnh ton ngu

nhin
Phng php tnh ton chnh xc hoc gn ng
Phng php tnh ton ti u da trn cc rng buc
16

Tnh linh hot trong h thng cng nghip

Tnh linh hot

Kh nng mt th thng cng nghip to ra v qun l s a dng

thch ng vi nhng s c n cc yu t mi trng (nhiu).

Cc yu t ny c th n t ni b doanh nghip (my mc h

hng, nhn vin ngh lm) hoc t bn ngoi (t hng khn
cp, tr trong nhp nguyn liu u vo,)

S hu cc cng c phn ng mt cch tt nht

Tnh linh hot (Flexibility) / Tnh phn ng (Reactivity)

Tnh linh hot gn vi s la chn c th p ng s c

Tnh phn ng : quy trnh tm kim gii php p ng s c
ny

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Qun l cc hot ng sn xut

Khi lng v mc tiu khng ng nht

Phng php qun l tng th khng ph hp
(bi ton qu phc tp)

C th chia cc quyt nh thc hin cng vic

theo cu trc 3 lp theo tiu ch:

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Chia nh v phn cp bi ton thnh nhiu bi ton nh

ra quyt nh thc hin cng vic

Lhorizon de decision
Phn cp mc

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Phn cp ra quyt nh lp k hoch

Lp k hoch di hn (strategic decisions)

Lp k hoch trung hn (tactic decisions)

Thit lp mt k hoch sn xut (xc nh khi lng sn xut ca

tng loi hnh sn phm)
T chc phn b theo kh nng ca cc ngun lc
Thi hn: t 1 thng n 1 nm

Lp k hoch ngn hn (operational decisions)

Xc nh chin lc sn xut di hn cho doanh nghip (nghin

cu th trng, u t, k hoch pht trin th trng,)
Thi hn: t 1 n 5 nm

Lp thi gian biu sn xut c th (theo tng i tng sn phm

v cc ngun lc sn c)
Thi hn: 1 ngy n 1 tun

Micro-planification (control)

Thi gian thc

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M hnh phn cp ra quyt nh (1)

Chin lc

Qun l d n

Hoch nh

Lp k hoch

Thc hin

Lp thi gian
biu

H thng sn xut

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10

M hnh phn cp ra quyt nh (2)

Biu din m hnh dng ma trn

Phi hp cc ngun lc thc hin cc nhim v

t ra
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Phn loi cc h thng sn xut (1)

Theo s phn b cc ngun lc:

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Sn xut khi lng ln: cc sn phm u ra tng i

ging nhau, vi s lng ln, cc cng c sn xut c
c tnh ha v t chc ti u ha quy trnh sn xut (ex:
industrie automobile)
Sn xut theo l hng va v nh: c s khc nhau gia
cc sn phm u ra, loi hnh sn xut khng cho php
cc thit b chuyn dng -> cc ngun lc a nng, tin
hnh sn xut theo l hng ti u ha gi thnh ca qu
trnh sn xut
Sn xut n chic (qun l d n): sn xut ra s lng
rt nh, quy trnh sn xut ln, c s tham gia ca nhiu
ngun lc (cng nghip hng khng,)

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11

Phn loi cc h thng sn xut (2)

T chc sn xut trn Dy chuyn

Quy trnh sn xut cc sn phm c thc hin ng nht trn

dy chuyn
Quan trng ca s tin cy cc yu t sn xut trn dy chuyn,
vic hng hc ca mt thit b ko theo s ngng sn xut trn c
dy chuyn -> bo tr thit b
Tnh ton cn bng trn Dy chuyn sn xut sn phm c
thc hin trong khong thi gian hng s

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Phn loi cc h thng sn xut (3)

T chc sn xut theo phn xng:

Lao ng lnh ngh v thit b a nng

Qun l ngun cung cp, chi ph x l s c cao
Gim chi ph:

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Ti u ha t v tr ca cc phn xng sn xut

K thut phn nhm cng vic: phn b theo cc nhm phn xng theo
cc c th cng vic ca tng phn xng.

Qun l cc tuyn ng trung chuyn gia cc phn xng -> ti

u ha lch trnh sn xut

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12

Phn loi cc h thng sn xut (4)

T chc sn xut theo l hng n nht:

Huy ng mi ngun lc ca cng ty cho mt d n trong

thi gian di
Gim st cc cng ty thc hin bng hnh thc qun l song
song nhiu d n nh, cc giai on pht trin khc nhau
Nhn vin nng lc thc hin cc nhim v khc
nhau
Cc thit b a nng
Vn qun l cc kho lu tr trung gian (sn phm hon
thnh khng c kh nng lu tr hoc cc nguyn vt liu
cung ng c bit cho d n)
Vn t ra: thc hin ng hn v qun l chi ph
Vai tr c bit ca vic Lp k hoch sn xut

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Phn loi cc h thng sn xut (5)

T chc theo iu khin sn xut

Sn xut theo n t hng: Sn xut khi c t hng ca
mt khch hng, s lng sn phm ln, nhu cu ngu
nhin
Sn xut lu kho: c sn xut theo d on nhu cu
ca sn phm
Sn xut hn hp: va p ng n t hng v lu
kho
Sn xut tinh gn

MICA
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13

Phn 2: M hnh ha v
phng php ti u s
dng cho bi ton lp k
hoch

MICA International Research Institute

Multimedia, Information, Communication & Applications
UMI 2954
Hanoi University of Science and Technology
1 Dai Co Viet - Hanoi - Vietnam

Phn 2: Phng php lp k hoch sn xut

2.1. Lp k hoch sn xut Lp trnh tuyn tnh

2.2. Bi ton lp thi gian biu sn xut

Khi nim v nh ngha

Cc rng buc

V tr ca bi ton
S Gantt
Biu cc cng vic
Phng php PERT

Lp thi gian biu sn xut ca nh my

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Phn loi cc bi ton

2.3. Lp thi biu thc hin d n

Rng buc v thi gian

Rng buc v ngun nhn lc

V tr ca bi ton v cc nh ngha
Bi ton cho mt my sn xut
Dy chuyn sn xut (flow shop)
Job shop
Open shop

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14

Lp k hoch sn xut

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Lp k hoch sn xut Lp trnh tuyn tnh

Lp trnh tuyn tnh (Linear programming)

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c s dng cho bi ton lp k hoch sn xut trung hn

ti u vi cc ngun nhn lc hn ch
Sn xut = quy trnh thc hin lin tc trong mt khong
thi gian ln
M hnh ha bi ton bng cc phng trnh hoc bt
phng trnh trong cc bin l cc khi lng sn xut
trong mi thi k sn xut
Hm mc tiu: tm gi tr cc bin nhm mc ch ti u ha
mt tiu ch t ra (ti u thi gian cht trn cc my, ti u
thi gian lu kho, ti u chi ph, ti a ha li nhun)

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15

Lp trnh tuyn tnh (1)

V d

Mt n v sn xut 2 loi sn phm A v B c gi bn ra

ln lt l 3$ v 5$
Quy trnh sn xut sn phm = ch to + ng gi
Cng sut ca xng ch to = 1800h/thng
Cng sut ca xng ng gi = 1000h/thng
ch to 1 n v sn phm A cn 2h ch to v 1h ng
gi
ch to 1 n v sn phm B cn 3h ch to v 2h ng
gi
Xc nh s lng sn xut ca tng loi sn phm A v B
ti a ha doanh thu ca doanh nghip

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Lp trnh tuyn tnh (2)

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M hnh ha theo bi ton lp trnh tuyn tnh

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Lp trnh tuyn tnh (3)

Biu din di dng th

600 n v sn phm A v 200 n v sn phm B

Doanh thu ti a = 2800$

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Lp trnh tuyn tnh Bi tp (1)

Phng php gii bi ton lp trnh tuyn tnh

Phng php gii Simplex (sinh vin t tm hiu)

Cng c tnh ton trn my tnh: Cplex, Matlab (Tool Box Optimisation), GLPK
Bi tp:

Nh my lp rp Samsung Vit Nam chu trch nhim lp rp 4 mt hng tivi nh sau: Tivi Plasma 55cm
(M1), tivi Plasma 70cm (M2), tivi LED 55cm (M3) et tivi LED 70(M4). Nh my bao gm 2 phn xng:
phn xng lp rp v phn xng ng bao b. Quy trnh thc hin ca mi loi nh sau:

MICA
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Loi

M1

M2

M3

M4

Thi gian lp rp

8h

10h

12h

15h

Thi gian ng bao b

2h

2h

4h

5h

Cng sut ca phn xng lp rp 6000h/thng, cng sut ca phn xng ng bao b 1500h/thng. Li
nhun thu c trn mi thnh phm M1, M2, M3, M4 ln lt l 60$, 90$, 120$ v 150$.
Nh my c cung cp mi thng 450 b iu khin v 300 tm n LED, tm plasma th c s lng
khng hn ch. Mi thnh phm tivi loi cc trn u cn 1 b iu khin.
1. Vit m hnh lp trnh tuyn tnh cho bi ton
2. Lp k hoch sn xut cho nh my s dng cng c GLPK
3. Li nhun trong thng ti ca tivi LED 55cm tng t 120$ ln 125$. Phn tch s thay i ca chin
lc sn xut m khng gii li bi ton
4. Nh my c th mua ngoi tm plasma v tm n LED vi gi 30$ v 80$. Bn c t vn g cho vic
mua bn ny?

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17

Lp trnh tuyn tnh Bi tp (2)

Bi ton lp trnh tuyn tnh c bin

s t nhin

MICA
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Phng php gii Branch & Bound

phc tp ca bi ton ln
V d: (bi ton kinh in knapsack)
Mt ngi chun b ba l i leo ni.
Anh ta ch mang c ti a 14kg. i
vi mi vt trong danh sch mong
mun mang theo, anh c a ra ch s
s thch i vi tng vt
Lp bi ton lp trnh tuyn tnh
Gii bi ton
phc tp ca bi ton
a ra phng php gii gn ng
cho bi ton, so snh vi kt qu ti
u thu c

Cn nng

S thch

Radio

vt

Nc ung

Chn

Bnh m

Bnh ngt

10

GPS

Rau

Da hu

10

10

ng nhm

Gh gp

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Lp thi gian biu sn xut

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Lp thi gian biu sn xut Cng vic

n cng vic
Thc hin lp thi gian biu cho tng cng vic Tj
Phn b cc ngun lc cn thit cho cng vic
Thi gian bt u thc hin trn cc ngun lc
Thi gian kt thc trn cc ngun lc
thi gian bt u cng vic

Thi gian kt thc cng vic

Phn tch cng vic?
c tnh ca tng cng vic Tj
Quy trnh thc hin trn cc ngun lc
Thi gian thc hin pij
Thi gian bt u mong mun rij
Thi hn kt thc dij
Rng buc tin trnh thc hin
Thi gian chun b ngun lc sij

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Lp thi gian biu sn xut Cc tiu ch

Cmax max c j

Thi gian kt thc d n

Tr i s

Lmax max c j d j
j

Thi gian thc hin cc cng vic

c c
i

Cw w j c j

Tng tr thc

T max 0; c
i

Tng tr trng s trung bnh

Tw

d j
w j max 0; c j d j
j

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Tr ln nht

S lng cc cng vic b tr

Tmax max 0; max c j d j

u j 1 if
j 0 if

U u , u
i

cj d j 0
cj d j 0

S lng phn tch cng vic

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19

M t thc hin mt cng vic

Chng ta c th phn ra 3 bc trong vic thc hin mt

cng vic

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Bi ton lp thi gian biu sn xut

Cho trc:

Tp hp cc cng vic c thc hin

Tp hp cc ngun lc sn c

Xc nh cc bin quyt nh:

Thi im thc hin tng cng vic?

Bt u (1), thi gian (2), kt thc (3)

Quy trnh phn b ngun lc cho cc cng vic?

Khi lng ngun lc (4), chu trnh (5)

ng dng:

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T chc sn xut cho mt phn xng sn xut

Qun l d n
Thit k cc cng c qun l (tin hc, khng gian,)

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20

Bi ton lp thi gian biu sn xut (2)

Bi ton c phn thnh nhiu dng
Lp thi gian biu khng c s hn ch ca ngun lc

VD: qun l d n

Mt d n duy nht
S lng cng vic ln
Mi tng quan v thi gian gia cc cng vic ln
Khi lng ngun lc l cc bin quyt nh ca bi ton

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Bi ton lp thi gian biu sn xut (2)

Lp thi gian biu vi s hn ch ca ngun lc

Lp thi gian biu nh my/tin hc

Lp thi gian biu vi cc ngun lc dng chung (ngun

lc c th c s dng ng thi cho nhiu cng vic
khc nhau)

MICA
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Mt my
m my ging nhau
m my a nng

Ti to/hn ch

Lp thi gian biu vi nhng cng vic khng th chia

nh/c th chia nh

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Lp biu sn xut/phn b ngun lc

Thc hin cc cng vic trong khong thi gian v trong

khng gian ca ngun lc
Thi gian lin tc
Rng buc v mt thi gian gia cc cng vic
Rng buc v ngun lc

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Ti u ha

Phng php tm gii php ti u

Tm ng i trong hnh
M hnh ha v tnh ton theo ton hc

Phng php tnh ton c bit

Ty thuc vo tng m hnh bi ton

Phng php gn ng

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Lp trnh tuyn tnh

Lp trnh phi tuyn

Tm gii php chp nhn c cho bi ton vi thi gian

tnh ton nhanh nht c th
c dng trong cng nghip trong nhiu trng hp
VD: xy dng lut u tin, Tabou search, genetic
algorithm,

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22

Bi ton cho mt my sn xut (1)

Gi nh

m=1, c mt my lun hot ng

n cng vic
Khng tn ti rng buc v tng quan thi gian gia cc cng
vic
Cng vic i

Thi gian thc hin pi

Trng s wi

Thi hn kt thc di

11

15

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Bi ton cho mt my sn xut (2)

Lp biu khng tnh n thi hn tr ca tng cng vic

Ti u thi gian kt thc

Cmax=17

1
2

5
16 17

11

Ti u thi gian quay vng

Lut Smith: WSPT Weighted Shortest Processing Time first

Sp xp cc cng vic theo th t tng dn ca pi/wi cho php nhn
c gi tr b nht (ti thiu ha) ca chi ph lu tr kho (Cw) hoc
thi gian lm vic trung bnh (Fw)
Cng vic i
pi /wi

0,5

Cw=61

5
0

1
4

3
6

4
12

17

Cw= 1.2+4.3+6+12.2+17=61
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Bi ton cho mt my sn xut (3)

Lp biu tnh ton n thi hn tr ca cc cng vic

Ti u tr trung bnh L

SPT: Shortest processing time

Sp xp cng vic theo th t tng dn ca thi gian thc hin cng vic
L 0,8

5
0

2
3

3
17

11

0 5 5 4 10
L
0,8
5

Ti u tr ln nht ca cng vic thnh phn Lmax hoc tng tr tch ly

ca cc cng vic Tmax

Lut Jackson: EDD Earliest Due Date first

Sp xp cc cng vic theo th t tng dn ca thi hn kt thc cho php nhn
gi tr b nht
Lmax Tmax T4 2

5
0

1
7

4
17

12

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Bi ton cho mt my sn xut (4)

Ti u s lng cc cng vic tr

Lut Moore-Hodgson
Sp xp cc cng vic theo EDD, tuy nhin khi xut hin tr th cng vic c thi
gian thc hin ln nht s b chuyn ra sau cng.

U
5
0

2
3

U3 1

3
17

11

Bi ton cng vic c c tnh phn tch ti u

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1
1

Lut SPT bin th

Trong s cc cng vic cha hon thnh la chn cc cng vic c thi gian thc hin cn li
ngn nht

Cng vic

pj

rj

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24

Bi ton cho mt my sn xut (5)

Bi ton cng vic c c tnh phn tch ti u Lmax

Lut SPT bin th

Trong s cc cng vic cha hon thnh la chn cc cng vic c thi hn thc hin ngn
nht

Cng vic

pj

dj

rj

Bi ton ti u ha

Tmax

Lut Schrage

Thc hin cc cng vic c rj nh nht

Khi xut hin cng vic c thc hin sau rj th la chn cc cng vic c thi hn ngn
nht.

Cng vic

pj

dj

rj

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Bi ton nhiu my hot ng song song (1)

Gi thit:

m my
n cng vic
Bi ton gii quyt:

Quyt nh thc hin mi cng vic trn my no?

Xc nh chu trnh hot ng trn mi my
Bi ton c chia lm 3 loi:

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Cc my ging ht nhau: thi gian thc hin mt cng vic l bng nhau trn tt
c cc my
ng b: thi gian thc hin cng vic bin i ng b theo hiu sut ca tng
my
c lp: thi gian thc hin cng vic bin i hon ton khc nhau theo tng
my

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25

Bi ton nhiu my hot ng song song (2)

Cc cng vic c th phn tch, ti u Cmax

pj

C max C max
; max p j
j
m

Lut McNaugton: Trn my u tin sp xp cc cng vic cho n khi t C. Lm

tng t trn cc my tip theo

VD: C 3 my lm vic
Cng vic

pj

Cc cng vic khng th phn tch, ti u

S dng SPT: khi mt my m c gii phng, thc hin cng vic c thi gian thc
hin ngn nht trn my m
VD: s dng v d trn

MICA
2013

51

Bi ton nhiu my hot ng song song (3)

Cc cng vic khng th phn tch, ti u Cmax

Vn phc tp
Phng php gii gn ng

Phng php Sp xp u tin

MICA
2013

Sp xp u tin
LPT
LPT lng phn

Cmax
1
2
*
Cmax
m
*
Sp xp cc cng vic khi my c gii phng cho n khi t Cmax
V d: 3 my lm vic

Cng vic

pj

52

26

Bi ton nhiu my hot ng song song (3)

Phng php LPT lng phn

max p j

min 0

Sp xp cc cng vic theo LPT

Lp li cho n khi (max-min)>1:

max min
c

Thc hin cc cng vic trn (m-1) my u tin vi Cmax c

Nu Cmax c th min = c nu khng max = c

V d: 3 my lm vic
Cng vic

pj

MICA
2013

53

Bi ton nhiu my hot ng song song (4)

Ti u

wc

i i

Phng php gn ng WSPT: Sp xp theo th t tng

dn ca p j
wj

MICA
2013

V d
Cng vic

pj

wj

54

27

Dy chuyn sn xut
Phn xng sn xut

MICA
2013

55

Flow shop

MICA
2013

Phn loi bi ton:

Sn phm ng nht
Dy chuyn khng ch i
Dy chuyn khng lu tr

56

28

Dy chuyn sn xut (2)

Trng hp 2 my sn xut, ti u Cmax

Phng php:
1.
2.

3.

Bi ton ti u ha thi hn thc hin cc cng vic

Lut Johnson: cng vic i c thc hin trc cng vic j
trn dy chuyn ti u nu min( pi1 , p j 2 ) min( p j1 , pi 2 )
Chia ra cc tp hp cng vic U i / pi1 pi 2 v V i / pi1 pi 2
Sp xp cc cng vic trong tp U theo lut SPT thc hin
trn my 1. Sp xp cc cng vic trong tp V theo lut
U V
LPT thc hin trn my 2
Quy trnh sn xut ti u thu c:

V d:

MICA
2013

pi1

pi 2

57

Dy chuyn sn xut (3)

Trng hp sn phm ng nht, c thm iu

kin rj

MICA
2013

Lut Mitten
Phng php: ng dng lut Johnson vi thi gian lm
vic o pij pij rj ; i, j
i

pi1

12

10

pi 2

12

10

ri

58

29

Dy chuyn sn xut (4)

Trng hp 3 my sn xut, ti u Cmax

Lut Campbell, Dudek and Smith

Phng php

Thc hin gii 2 vn o:

Vn 1: Thc hin trn M1 v M3: s dng lut Johnson
Vn 2: Thc hin trn 2 my o: s dng lut Johnson
Kt hp 2 my u tin
Kt hp 2 my cui cng

Gi li phng n tt nht gia 2 vn trn

pi1

12

10

12

10

pi 2
pi 3

MICA
2013

59

Dy chuyn sn xut (4)

Trng hp m my sn xut, ti u Cmax

Lut Campbell, Dudek v Smith

Phng php

Gii (m-1) vn o trn 2 my sn xut:

My u v my cui
2 my u v 2 my cui
K my u v k my cui .

Xc nh quy trnh sn xut ti u theo lut Campbell, Dudek

v
i Smith 1
2
3
4
5
Gi li quy1trnh sn xut
tt
nht
9
1
3
3

pi1

pi 2
pi 3
pi 4

MICA
2013

60

30

Job shop

Khc vi flow shop, cc cng vic thc hin

trong Job shop c trnh t khng ging nhau
VD :

J1 : M 1 M 2 M 3

J 2 : M 2 M1 M 3

J3 : M 3 M 2

M1

M2

M3

Cng vic 1

Cng vic 2

Cng vic 3

MICA
2013

61

Phn xng sn xut

Trng hp 2 my sn xut, ti u Cmax

Lut Jackson
Phng php:

Chia cc cng vic thnh 4 nhm

O1: cc cng vic ch c mt cng on thc hin trn M1

O2: cc cng vic ch c mt cng on thc hin trn M2
O12: cc cng vic c 2 cng on M 1 M 2
O21: cc cng vic c 2 cng on M 2 M 1

Cc cng vic cc nhm O12 v O21 thc hin p dng lut

Johnson
Cc cng vic trn cc nhm O1,O2 thc hin theo trnh t bt
k
Chu trnh thc hin ti u thu c:

M 1: O12 O1 O 21
M 2 : O 21 O 2 O12
MICA
2013

62

31

Phn xng sn xut (2)

V d
i

pi1

pi 2

1
M 2 M1

8
1

M 2 M1

10

M 2 M1

MICA
2013

63

Qun l lu tr v lp k
hoch nhp nguyn vt
liu u vo

MICA International Research Institute

Multimedia, Information, Communication & Applications
UMI 2954
Hanoi University of Science and Technology
1 Dai Co Viet - Hanoi - Vietnam

32

Phn 3:

Qun l lu tr

Lp k hoch nhu cu nguyn liu u vo

Khi nim
M hnh EOF
V d
Gii thiu
Tnh ton nhu cu
Lp k hoch nhp nguyn liu mun nht c th
Tnh ton nhu cu thc

Phng php qun l cng nghip

Gii thiu
Phng php Kanban

MICA
2013

65

Qun l lu tr: cc khi nim

L phng php qun l s khai ca qun l cng nghip

Qun l da trn khi nim v lu kho

Phi m bo c gi tr lu kho:

Trnh gi tr lu kho qu ln (tn ng vn, chi ph lu tr,..)

Trnh gi tr lu kho qu nh (kh khn khi gii quyt cc s c,
s bin i ca n hng, trnh tnh trng ht hng hoc thiu ht
nguyn liu u vo sn xut)

C 3 loi lu tr:

MICA
2013

Gi tr lu kho = 20 n 80% tng gi tr ca mt doanh nghip

(ty theo loi hnh kinh doanh)

Nguyn liu u vo: phi d on c bin ng ca gi c u vo

cng nh s c n t nh cung cp
Bn thnh phm: phi tch bit cc cng on khc nhau ca sn xut,
cn bng cc lung bn thnh phm, trnh vic phi ngng sn xut tm
thi
Thnh phm: gim thi gian giao hng, m bo cc nhu cu ca th
trng
66

33

Phn loi cc kho lu tr

Phn loi cc kho lu tr theo trng s s dng ca cc

sn phm lu tr
Phng php ABC

Phn loi cc sn phm lu tr theo cc tiu ch

Chi ph gii phng kho trong mt khong thi gian thc hin
Ch ph ca sn phm trong kho lu tr
Din tch hoc th tch chim dng kho

Cho php lu tr tp trung vo cc sn phm chin lc nhm

gim c chi ph lu kho cho cc sn phm c trng s s dng
thp
Phn loi
nhm sn
phm

MICA
2013

S lng m sn
phm ca nhm
(% theo tng s)

Gi tr
(%)

Mc qun l
lu tr

Hnh thc t
hng nhp kho

Nhm A

10% n 20%

70% n 80%

Thng
xuyn, nghim
ngt

Thng xuyn, thch

nghi theo tng n
hng thnh phm

Nhm B

30% n 40%

15% n 20%

Trung bnh

Theo chu k

Nhm C

40% n 50%

5% n 10%

Yu

Theo nhu cu

67

Phng php ABC (1)

V d
M sn phm

MICA
2013

Gi thnh
(euro)

S lng xut kho

Gi tr xut kho
(euro)

Mc tiu: phn loi lu tr theo gi tr xut kho hng nm

ca sn phm
68

34

Phng php ABC (2)

Cc bc thc hin

Sp xp cc sn phm theo gi tr gim dn ca gi tr xut kho

Tnh tng gi tr xut kho, 25 205 euro
Tnh gi tr tch ly da trn tng s lng m sn phm (tnh theo %)
Tnh gi tr tch ly da trn gi tr xut kho ca sn phm (tnh theo
%)
M
sn phm

Gi tr xut kho
(euro)

T l gi tr xut
kho (%

T l s lng m
sn phm (%)

MICA
2013

69

T l da trn gi tr xut kho (%)

Phng php ABC (3)

T l da trn s lng m sn phm (%)

MICA
2013

Nhm A : 20% m sn phm (X-1, X-2) chim khong 80%

gi tr lu kho
Nhm B: 30% m sn phm (Y-10, Y-20, Y-30) chim
khong 17% gi tr lu kho
Nhm C: 50% m sn phm (cc sn phm cn li), ch
chim 3% gi tr lu kho
70

35

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (1)

Gi thuyt:

Mc tiu:

Lp k hoch trung hn
Nhu cu d on c chnh xc v tng i n nh
Chi ph lu tr v chi ph nhp nguyn liu u vo bit trc v
n nh
Chi ph lu tr t l thun vi s lng sn phm lu tr
Trnh vic thiu ht lu tr vi s lng lu tr thp nht c th
Bi ton t ra: t hng lc no v bao nhiu?

Phng php: ti u ha hm chi ph

Chi ph lu tr (nhn cng, kho bi), ph thuc s lng sn phm

lu tr
Chi ph t hng ph thuc vo chi ph vn hnh sn xut v ch
ph nhp nguyn liu u vo
Chi ph phi tr khi ht hng, chi ph phi tr khi giao hng mun
hoc chm tin sn xut

MICA
2013

71

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (2)

EOQ = Economic Order Quantity

c thc hin cho cc m hnh vi cc n
hng chu k, chi ph t hng l hng s, nhp
kho theo chu k, trnh vic ht hng
Thc hin qun l lu tr ti u vi cc c tnh
sau:

Ch ph lu tr nh nht l khi ch n khi ht

kho mi thc hin nhp hng ()

MICA
2013

Nhp hng ha lu tr
Hng ha lu tr gim trong qu trnh sn xut hoc thc
hin n hng

Chu k nhp kho = thi gian gia 2 ln nhp: Tcycle Q / D

72

36

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (3)

Khi lng
lu tr

Thi hn nhp kho (sn xut a im A v c chuyn

n a im lu tr B)

xng A sn xut ra mt s lng Q vi hiu sut P cn mt thi gian

Q/P, trong thi gian n hng D xut kho mt lng DQ/P. Tng qut
ha, kho c hiu sut xut nhp P-D trong khong thi gian Q/P, chng ta
c

Qmax (P D)

Q
D
(1 ) Q
P
P

MICA
2013

73

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (4)

Khi lng
lu tr

MICA
2013

74

37

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (5)

Nhc li cc k hiu

P, hiu sut sn xut mi chu k

Q, khi lng nhp kho
D, khi lng t hng trong mi chu k
Tcycle, chu k nhp hng (n v thi gian)
Cp, chi ph lu tr tnh trn 1 n v sn phm trong 1 chu k nhp
hng
Cc, chi ph t hng nhp kho
CT(Q), chi ph lu tr tng cng trong mi chu k

Chi ph lu tr gia hai thi im t1 v t2 t l thun vi s

lng sn phm lu tr trong khong thi gian [t1,t2]

C
C
1
D Q
D DCc
CT (Q) p Q(1 ) Cc
p Q 1
P D
2 P Q
2
Tcycle
MICA
2013

75

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (6)

Cng thc Wilson: (ti u ha chi ph lu tr)

EOQ Q*

2Cc DP
C p (P D)

CT (Q* ) 2 DCcC p (1
MICA
2013

D
)
P
76

38

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (7)

V d 1

Nhu cu mt nguyn liu u vo D=200 n v/tun

Chi ph lu tr Cp =0,5$/n v/tun
Chi ph t hng = 500$
Chi ph vn chuyn = 500$

Gi thit: nhp hng lu kho ngay lp tc

Tnh Q*

MICA
2013

77

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (8)

p n:

Chi ph t hng Cc =1000$

Q*

2Cc D
895
Cp

CT (Q* ) 2 DCcC p 447, 21$

*
Tcycle
4, 47

MICA
2013

78

39

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (9)

V d 2

Nhu cu mt nguyn vt liu mi nm D =50000 n v/nm

Khi lng sn xut ti a P =200000 n v/nm
Chi ph n hng Cc =500$
Chi ph lu tr Cp =3$/n v/ nm
Nh my sn xut H = 240 ngy/nm
Tnh Q*

MICA
2013

79

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (10)

p n:
EOQ Q*

2Cc DP
2.500.50000.200000

4714
C p (P D)
3(200000 50000)

CT (Q* ) 2 DCc C p (1

MICA
2013

D
50000
) 2.50000.3.(1
) 10607
P
200000

80

40

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (11)

Phn tch gi thnh trn mi nguyn liu u vo

Gi thnh thc t mi nguyn kiu u vo
Q
C
Cc 2 p
Cu Pu

Q
D

Bi ton:

Tnh chi ph ph tri nu khng s dng EOQ

Phn tch chit khu

MICA
2013

81

Qun l lu tr: EOQ (11)

V d 3: Tip tc v d 2

MICA
2013

Tnh ton chi ph thc ca nguyn liu u vo bit gi

nguyn liu u vo Pu = 0,46$
Tnh chi ph ph tri nu n hng nhp theo s lng
6000 n v
Phn tch li ch kinh t nu nh cung cp c chit khu 3%
cho n hng c s lng 15000 n v
Tnh ton chit khu cho php mang li li ch cho cng ty

82

41

Qun l lu tr theo chu k (1)

Trng hp T c nh, Q thay i

S
R

Q1

Q3

Q2
t

R Dmax t Qi
Qi R Si
MICA
2013

83

Qun l lu tr theo chu k (2)

V d 4: Mt doanh nghip sn xut my pht in s dng

m t in cng sut nh c mua t nh cung cp vi
gi 6$ sn xut 400 my pht/ngy. Ngi qun l quyt
nh nhp hng theo chu k. Doanh s bn hng d bo
ca cng ty nh sau:

Tun

10

11

12

S
lng

2200

2300

2300

1900

1600

1400

1600

1900

2300

2000

2300

2200

MICA
2013

Chi ph lu tr Cp = 1,2$
Chi ph t hng Cc = 38$
Doanh nghip hot ng 240 ngy trong nm
Khng c m t trong kho thi im bt u
Thi hn nhn hng = 1 tun lm vic

Xc nh s lng lu kho ti a R
Xc nh s lng nhp hng theo chu k 2 tun
Xc nh chi ph lu tr trong c qu ca doanh nghip
So snh vi trng hp ngi qun l quyt nh nhp hng theo chu k 2
tun vi s lng c nh l s lng sn xut trung bnh ca doanh
nghip
84

42

Qun l lu tr theo s lng t hng (1)

Trng hp Q c nh, T thay i

S
Q

im t hng

PC
t

2Cc D
Cp

PC Dt

S
Q

PC

t
MICA
2013

t
85

Qun l lu tr theo thi gian t hng (1)

V d 4: Mt doanh nghip sn xut mch in t

mua b iu khin t nh sn xut vi gi thnh
7,45$/n v vi nhu cu hng nm 1225 n v.
Ngi qun l quyt nh nhp hng theo s
lng t hng c nh.

MICA
2013

Chi ph lu tr 1,49$/n v
Chi ph t hng 38$
Doanh nghip lm vic 230 ngy trong nm

Tnh s lng t hng ti u cho mi n hng

Tnh gi thnh thc t ca mi b iu khin
Tnh ton im t hng bit thi gian vn chuyn l 4 tun
im t hng thay i nh th no nu th tc hnh chnh
mt thm thi gian 2 ngy

86

43