Bi ging IP Telephony CCNP Switching

Chng 18: IP Telephony

Catalyst switch c th cung cp ngun cho cc IP
phones, hnh thnh cc kt ni trunking vi IP
phones, cung cp mt mc QoS cho cc voice
packets.
I.

Inline power

Mt thit b Cisco IP Phones cng ging nh tt c

cc node khc trong h thng mng ch thit b
phi c ngun in hot ng. Ngun in c th
n t hai ni:
- T mt ngun AC adapter.
- T ngun DC trch ra t cp mng (data cable).
Trong cch th nht, mt adapter s chuyn i in
AC 220V sang 48V DC cho phones hot ng. Nu
b cp in, IP phones s khng hot ng.
Gii php th hai cn gi l inline power. Khi ny,
ngun 48 V DC s c cung cp n IP phones trn
cng cp mng UTP c dng kt ni Ethernet.
Ngun in DC trong trng hp ny chnh l
Catalyst switch. u im ca cch ny l ngun in
c th c qun l, gim st ch cho IP phones. Nu
ng Quang Minh, CCIE#11897
http://www.vnpro.org
Email: dangquangminh@vnpro.org

Bi ging IP Telephony CCNP Switching

mt my PC bnh thng c gn vo cng

switchport, ngun in s khng c cp cho PC.
Catalyst switch cng c th gn vo mt b lu in
UPS; iu ny cho php IP phones vn hot ng
ngay khi cp in.
Khi mt switch c bt ln, switch s gi ra mt tn
hiu test-tone 340-kHz trn i si cp truyn ca
cp UTP. y l cch m switch tm ra thit b c
gn vo port ca n c kh nng power-in-line hay
khng.
Thit b IP-Phone s ni tt cp cp truyn v nhn.
Khi IP phones c ni vo mt switch-port, switch
s nghe thy tn hiu test-tone c loop li. Switch
s kt lun l c mt thit b ang tn ti v c th
cp ngun cho thit b ny. Ngun in s c cp
trn cp s 2 v 3 (RJ-45 pins 1,2 and 3,6) at 48V
DC.
Tnh nng power inline c trong switch 3550-24PWR, Catalyst 4500 v Catalyst 6500.
Switch cng c th cung cp mt cng sut ngun
mc nh cho cc thit b phones gn vo n. V d
mt IP phones u tin nhn mt cng sut l
15.0watts. (.36amps, 48V DC). Switch sau s c
ng Quang Minh, CCIE#11897
http://www.vnpro.org
Email: dangquangminh@vnpro.org

Bi ging IP Telephony CCNP Switching

gng gi cc CDP messge cho thit b. Cc CDP

frame ny nhm mc ch kim tra xem cng sut
thc s cn bi IP phones.
Cu hnh Inline power:
Mi switch port s t ng pht hin s tn ti ca
mt thit b c kh nng dng power-inline.
Switch(config-if)#power inline {auto|never}
II. Voice VLAN:
Cisco IP phones s to ra mt lung d liu cho voice
(voice data stream). Thm vo , n cung cp mt
kt ni cho PCs ca ngi dng. iu ny cho php
mt port Ethernet duy nht c th c ci t cho
mi ngi dng (1 data + 1 voice). Voice v userPC
lun hot ng access-mode.

ng Quang Minh, CCIE#11897

http://www.vnpro.org
Email: dangquangminh@vnpro.org

Bi ging IP Telephony CCNP Switching

Kt ni gia IP phone v switch s c iu chnh:

bn c th cu hnh switch ra lnh cho IP phones
dng dng 802.1q trunk hoc nh l mt access-link
bnh thng. Nu dng kt ni trunking, d liu
voice c th c tch ra khi cc d liu khc ca
ngi dng. Nu nh l mt access-link, c data v
voice phi c kt hp trong mt VLAN duy nht.
III. Cu hnh Voice-VLAN:
ng Quang Minh, CCIE#11897
http://www.vnpro.org
Email: dangquangminh@vnpro.org

Bi ging IP Telephony CCNP Switching

Phn ny s kho st d liu voice s c ng gi

nh th no. Cc gi voice (voice packets) s c
mang trong mt VLAN duy nht gi l Voice VLAN
hoc trn mt data VLAN bnh thng, gi l native
VLAN. Thng tin QoS t voice packets cng phi
c mang theo trong cc packets.
cu hnh IP phones, ch cn cu hnh trn port
switch m IP phone gn vo. Cu hnh port cng
khng cn chuyn sang trng thi trunking. Dng
lnh sau y chn la mode hot ng ca voicevlan:
Switch(config-if)# switchport voice vlan {vlan-id|
dot1p|untagged|none}
Trng thi mc nh cho tt c cc switch port l
none, ngha l trunk khng c dng gia IP phones
v switch. S khc nhau gia dot1p v untagged l
vic c ng gi hay khng voice-traffic. Dot1p s
t cc voice packets trong vlan 0 (khng phi l
native vlan). Khi ny, ta cng khng cn thit phi
c to ra voice VLAN.
Trong mode untagged, voice packets s c t
trong native VLAN. Do ta s khng cn VLANID hay to ra voice vlan.
ng Quang Minh, CCIE#11897
http://www.vnpro.org
Email: dangquangminh@vnpro.org

Bi ging IP Telephony CCNP Switching

Trng hp dng mc chn vlan-id, voice v data s

c mang trn nhng vlan khc nhau. D liu ca
ngi dng t PCs s lun c mang trong nativevlan, data packet s lun lun khng b tag. Kt ni
trunk c dng gia IP phones v Catalyst c to
ra ng v ch cha 2 VLAN - mt voice vlan
(tagged VVID) v native VLAN (untagged). Khi kt
ni trunk l active, ta dng lnh show th cng khng
thy kt ni trunking ny. Cu hnh trunk c bit ny
s c d tm thng qua cc giao thc DTP v CDP.
Spanning-Tree Protocol STP cng s hot ng trn
kt ni trunking vi 2 phin bn: mt phin bn cho
native vlan m mt phin bn cho voice-vlan. STP
port-fast cng c t ng bt ln, v vy ch nn
dng mt PC cm vo port PC trn phone.
IV. Voice QoS:
IV.1. QoS trust:
Khi mt IP phone c gn vo mt switch-port, hy
xem phone nh l mt switch khc.
Ip phones c hai ngun d liu
- Cc gi VoIP xut pht t phone: IP phone c th
kim sot chnh xc cc thng tin QoS no c
bao gm trong voice packtes.
ng Quang Minh, CCIE#11897
http://www.vnpro.org
Email: dangquangminh@vnpro.org

Bi ging IP Telephony CCNP Switching

- D liu t Pc ca ngi dng: cc gi d liu t

PC. Thng tin v QoS khng th c tin cy l
chnh xc.
V vy, switch s iu khin thit b IP phones thng
qua cc CDP frame l switch s tin cy cc thng s
QoS cho cc d liu ngi dng nh th no. cu
hnh thao tc ny, dng lnh:
switch(config-if)# switchport priority extend {cost
value| trust}
Bnh thng, cc thng tin QoS t PC kt ni vo IP
phones khng nn c x l. iu ny l do cc ng
dng trn PCs c th gi lp gi tr CoS hoc DSCP.
Trong trng hp ny, nn dng mc chn CoS trong
lnh trn IP phones s ghi ln cc gi tr gi.
Frame vi cc gi tr CoS mi sau s c chuyn
n switch.
Trong mt vi trng hp, PC c th cn phi chy
nhng ng dng c cc yu cu QoS. V vy IP
phones phi c trch nhim chuyn ti cc gi tr CoS
ny n switch. Mc chn trust s dng trong trng
hp ny.

ng Quang Minh, CCIE#11897

http://www.vnpro.org
Email: dangquangminh@vnpro.org

Bi ging IP Telephony CCNP Switching

Mc nh, cc d liu t PC s khng c tin cy v

b IP-Phones ghi ln gi tr CoS=0.
IV.2. Voice Packet Classification
Cisco IP phones dng cc protocol sau y iu
khin cuc gi:
_ Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP)TCP
port 2000
_ Skinny Station Protocol (SSP)TCP port 2001
_ Skinny Gateway Protocol (SGP)TCP port 2002
V. Kim tra cu hnh Inline Power, Voice
VLAN v Voice QoS:
Kim tra power inline:
Switch# show power inline [type mod/num]
Kim tra Voice VLANs:
kim tra, dng mt s thao tc sau y:
Kim tra xem IP phones v switch c giao tip vi
nhau dng CDP:
ng Quang Minh, CCIE#11897
http://www.vnpro.org
Email: dangquangminh@vnpro.org

Bi ging IP Telephony CCNP Switching

# show cdp neighbor type mod/num detail

Bc k tip, kim tra VLAN ang c dng trn
switchport
#show interface type mod/num switchport
Kim tra Voice QoS:
Switch#show mls qos type interface type/mod
End-

ng Quang Minh, CCIE#11897

http://www.vnpro.org
Email: dangquangminh@vnpro.org