BAHAN BAHAN

MENGANDUNG ZAT KIMIA

Class Compound
Amonia
Alkali [NH3]

Lye [NaOH]
Potassium
hydroxide
[KOH]
Magnesium
hydroxide
[Mg(OH)2]

Lime
[CA(OH)2]

Common source/uses

Comments

1. Fertilizers

2. Refrigerants
3. Cleaning agents
(7% solution)
1. Drain cleaners

1. Combine with water to

form NH4OH fumes
2. Very rapid penetration

1. Caustic potash

1. Sparklers

1. Plaster
2. Mortar

1.
Produces
combined
thermal and alkali injury
1. Most common cause of
chemical injury in
work
place
2. Poor penetration
3. Toxicity increased by
retained
particulate

Acid

Sulfuric acid
[H2SO4]

Sulfourus acid
[H2SO3]

Hydrofluoric acid
[HF]

Acetic acid
[CH3COOH]

Chromic acid
[Cr2O3]
Hydrochloric acid
[HCL]

1. Industrial cleaner
2. Battery acid
1. Formed from sulfur dioxide
(SO2)
by combinating with
corneal water
2.
Fruit
and
vegetable
preservatives
3. Bleach
4. Refrigerant
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Glass polishing
Glass frosting
Mineral refining
Gasoline alkylation
Silicon production

1. Combines with water to produce

corneal thermal injury
2. May have associated foreign
body or laceration from battery acid
1. Penetrates
other acids

more

easily

than

1. Penetrates easily
2. produces severe injury

1. Mild injury with less than 10%

1. Vinegar 4-0%
contamination
2. Severe injury with higher
2. Essence of vinegar 80%
concentration
3. Glacial acetic acid 90%

1. Chronic exposure produces

1. Used in the crome plating chronic conjunctivitis with brown
industri
discoloration
1. Used as a 31-38% solution
1. Severe injury only with high
concentration and prolonged
exposure