La go l thc phm chnh ca hn phn na dn tc th gii v cung cp hn 20% tng nng

lng hp th hng ngy ca nhn loi. Ring hn 2 t ngi chu , la go cung cp t 60

n 70% calories. Hin nay la go ngy cng tr nn ph bin su rng chu M, Trung ng
v nht l chu Phi v la go c xem nh thc phm b dng lnh mnh cho sc kho v
thch hp cho a dng ha cc ba n hng ngy. Khu phn go hng nm cho mi u ngi
chu t 60 n 200 kg, Vit Nam gn 170 kg. Go v ph sn cn dng ch bin thnh
thc n nh bnh, bnh trng, bn, bt, thc n nhanh, du, hoc cc thc ung... Go l loi
thc phm carbohydrate hn tp, cha tinh bt (80%), mt thnh phn ch yu cung cp nhiu
nng lng, protein (7,5%), nc (12%), vitamin v cc cht khong (0,5%) cn thit cho c th.
Cht tinh bt cha trong ht go di hnh thc carbohydrate (carb) v trong con ngi di
dng glucogen, gm loi carb n gin nh cht ng glucose, fructuose, lactose v sucrose;
v loi carb hn tp l mt chui phn t glucose ni kt nhau cha nhiu cht si. Tinh bt
cung cp phn ln nng lng cho con ngi. Go trng cha carb rt cao, 82 gram trong
mi 100 gram. Do , 90% nng lng go cung cp do carb. Trong tinh bt c hai thnh phn amylose v amylopectin. Hai loi tinh bt ny nh hng rt nhiu n ht cm sau khi nu,
nhng khng nh hng n gi tr dinh dng. Ht go c nhiu cht amylose s lm cho ht
cm cng v ht cha t amylose, ngha l nhiu amylopectin cho cm do nhiu hn. Np
cha t 0-10% amylose (hay 10-100% amylopectin) l thc n chnh ca ngi Lo, ngi Thi
vng ng Bc Thi Lan v nhiu dn tc thiu s cc vng ni. Go Japonica c t 14-16%
amylose cho cm do v dnh nhau, l thc n cn bn ca ngi Nht Bn, i Hn, Bc Triu
Tin. Go thm thng c 21-23% amylose nn go khng do lm m cng khng cng lm
sau khi ngui, ngoi tr go Basmati vi ht cm ri nhau. Cc loi go thng thng ca dn
ng Nam c khong 21-25% amylose.
Cht protein: Go l loi thc n d tiu ha v cung cp loi protein tt cho con ngi. Cht
protein cung cp cc phn t amino acid thnh lp m b, to ra enzym, kch thch t v cht
khng sinh. Ch s gi tr s dng protein tht s ca go l 63, so snh vi 49 cho la m v 36
cho bp (cn c trn protein ca trng l 100).
Vitamin: Cng ging nh cc loi ng cc khc, la go khng cha cc loi vitamin A, C hay D,
nhng c vitamin B-1, vitamin B-2, niacin, vitamin E, t cht st v km v nhiu cht khong Mg,
P, K, Ca.
Thiamin l vitamin B1 gip tiu ha cht ng glucose cho nng lng, v th h tr cho cc
t bo thn kinh, hot ng ca tim v khu v. Vitamin B1 khng th d tr trong c th nn
phi cung cp hng ngy. Go trng cung cp 0,07 mg B1/100 gram.
Riboflavin: Go cha t cht riboflavin hay vitamin B2, rt cn thit cho sn xut nng lng v
nui dng b m ca mt v da. Go trng cha 0,02 mg B2/100 gram.
Niacin l yu t cn thit phn tch cht glucose cho nng lng v cho da v hot ng
bnh thng ca h thn kinh. Go trng cha 1,8 mg Niacin/100 gram.
Vitamin E l mt loi sinh t tan trong m, gip cho vitamin A v cc cht bo chng oxyd ha
trong t bo v bo v hy hoi ca b m ca c th.
Ngoi ra, go cn cung cp nhng cht khong cn thit cho c th vi t cht st (thnh phn
ca hng huyt cu v enzym) v km (gip chng oxyd ha trong mu, thnh phn ca enzym
trong tng trng, phn chia t bo), nhng nhiu cht P (gip xng, rng, bin ha trong c
th), K (cho tng hp protein, hot ng enzym), Ca (gip xng, rng v iu ha c th), mui
(gi cn bng cht lng trong c th, hot ng bnh thng ca h thn kinh v bp tht)...
Rt tic rng ht la khi xay ch thnh go nh mt nhiu vitamin v cc cht vi lng quan
trng khc. Sau khi xay ch, go vn cn gi nhiu cht protein so vi cc loi ng cc khc; tuy
nhin cht protein th ca ht la km hn. Lysine l loi amino acid b gii hn ln nht, nhng

cu to 4% ca protein go, gp i so vi bp khng v. Cc amino acid khc nh theonine v

methionine cng cao hn ng cc khc, d th cc loi amino acid ny cng khng cho nhu
cu hng ngy ca con ngi, nn cn phi cung cp thm. Nhiu chuyn gia dinh dng
khuyn co dng go lc n hng ngy, nhng rt t ngi p dng v ht go lc khng
thch hp cho tn tr lu di v cha nhiu cht du trong cm d sinh ra v hi, c hi cho sc
kho nu gi lu. Ngoi ra, n nhiu go lc c th lm cho bao t kh chu. n cm trng lu
ngy tr thnh thi quen ca a s dn chng dng go. Mt s dn tc khc nh min Nam
n , Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Ghana li thch dng loi go hp c nhiu cht b
dng hn go trng. La hp chim 20% tng sn lng th gii.
V th cc nc dng la go hng ngy m khng b tc thm cc loi thc n khc thng
thiu cht protein (cho tr con) lm cho s t vong cao; thiu vitamin A phn ln tr con gy ra
bnh m mt; thiu cht st gy ra bnh thiu mu tr con t 5-12 tui v ph n trong thi k
thai nghn; thiu cht iod gy bnh bu c; thiu mt s cht khc nh thiamin, riboflavin
thng xy ra nhng vng n go trng hn l vng n go hp v gy ra bnh ph thng, v
thiu cht km. Do , trong cc chng trnh pht trin v an ninh lng thc la go khng
th qun ch n cht lng ca la go lin h n sc kho con ngi. Hn 70% go cung
cp cho gii tiu th M cha thm cc cc cht vi lng nh folic acid, thiamin, niacin v st
di hnh thc go hp.
Bng 1: Thnh phn dinh dng ca 100 g go trng, go lc v np
Go trng

Go lc

Go np

Nng lng, kcal

361

362

355

Nc, g

10,2

11,2

11,7

Cht bo, g

0,8

2,4

0,6

Cht si, g

0,6

2,8

Carbohydrate, g

82,0

77,7

81

Protein, g

6,0

7,4

6,3

Vitamin B-1, mg

0,07

0,26

0,08

Vitamin B-2, mg,

0,02

0,04

0,03

Niacin, mg

1,8

5,5

1,8

Calcium, mg

12

Phosphorus, mg
Kali, mg
Cht mui, mg

87

255

111

326

31

12

63
0
0

Go Mu dinh dng: Ngoi loi go trng truyn thng, cn c go mu rt b dng cho sc

kho con ngi. Go mu l do s lng ln ca nhim sc cht anthocyanin tch t trong
nhng lp khc nhau ca v, b m, v lp aleurone ca ht go. Trung Quc hng nm thu
hoch 400.000 ha la mu. Go mu thng c dng trong nhng ngy l hi v trong k

ngh bin ch. Go mu c dng ch bin thnh nhng sn phm c bit nh bnh, thc
n nh, hc co ngt, bnh biscuit, bn, bnh Tt v ru. Vit Nam cng c go mu, nhng
t c ph bin, nh go np than, go huyt rng...
Go : Nhng loi go c tm thy trong nhiu nc chu . Theo cc nh nghin cu
Trung Quc, ht go cha cht st v km cao, trong khi go tm c rt nhiu cht vi lng
ng, magnesium, calcium, molybdenum v vitamin C, B1, B6 v B12. Nhm go ny phn
ln thuc loi la di vi lp cm bn ngoi mu . Nhiu ging la di c lp cm mu .
Loi la c tm thy nhiu ng bng sng Cu Long, nhng vng c t phn. Vit
Nam c go gi l go Huyt Rng n rt ngon v b, c th sn xut nhiu xut khu.
Nhng ging la c c tnh chng chu cao nhng mi trng kh khn, bt li nh t km
ph nhiu v t ni i.
Go en: Go en l loi go c bit c s dng nhiu v tm thy cc nc chu .
Trung Quc l nc c nhiu ging la en hn ht, tip theo Sri Lanka, Indonesia, India,
Philippines, Bangladesh v Vit Nam. Go en thng tm thy loi phi nh c sp ca cc
nhm indica v japonica. Vit Nam, go tm hay en c dng lm thuc v cho tn ngng,
ch c trng cc vng ni, di dng go t hoc np. Trung Quc, nhm Heinuo ca
cc loi go en c sp c mu sc t tm-nu n tm-en n ht go en m. Nhng go
en cn gi l Trn Chu en c bin ch thnh cc thc n nh v b cho sc kho. Ging
la Jiegunuo c tn gi La lm lnh xng gy. Hu ht loi la np tm-en indica v
japonica c trng min ty nam v min trung ca Trung Quc, trong khi la t en indica
c trng min nam Trung Quc. Nhng loi la en cha 37,6% protein cao hn, 22,4%
cht bo cao hn, v 177% si th cao hn la truyn thng. Do , cht lng ca loi la en
c gii tiu th a chung. Cc loi la en cn cha lysine, vitamin B1, st, km, calcium v
cht ln thng 20-50% cao hn loi la thng a phng. V tnh cht di truyn, go en c
hai gen ni ph v t nht 3 cp gen kim sot c tnh di truyn ca mu en ca ht go.
Bng 2: So snh cc cht sinh t v cht khong trong ht la c go en v trng

Vitamin, (mg/100 g)

Cht khong (mg/100 kg)

Tn ging
_____________________________________________________________________________
___
B1
B2
C
E
Fe
Ca
Mg
Zn
P
K
Cu
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________
Go en
Yangxian-

0,204 4,44

0,86

48,89 210

214,3 2640

43,5

3710

3734

2,7

0,326 2,54

0,30

53,44 146

142,8 2520

45,5

4213

3402

2,1

0,166 2,22

0,08

46,64 73

71,4

52,5

3404

2406

2,5

heimi
Heizhenmi

Go trng
Basmati 370

1980

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ngun: Zhao, 1993.

Go vng: V loi vitamin A khng c sn trong cc ht go thin nhin, nn cc nh khoa hc
phi s dng cng ngh sinh hc sng ch ra loi go vng cha tin sinh t A. Go vng l
mt thc phm bin i di truyn mi c ch to bi i ng khoa hc Thy S v c, c
hng dn do Gio s Ingo Potrykus v Dr. Peter Beyer vo thp nin 1990s. La vng ny
c phng thch vo thng 5- 2000 mt s vin nghin cu la trn th gii, gm c Vit
Nam tip tc kho nghim v ph bin trong iu kin a phng. Go vng cha tin sinh t A
(b-carotene) v mt s lng ln cht st. Cc nh khoa hc a 7 gen l vo ging la TP
309 to ra mu vng ca ht go. Loi go ny c th gip cc tr con thiu dinh dng
cc nc ang pht trin khc phc c bnh m mt do thiu vitamin A v bnh thiu mu do
thiu cht st khi dng la go lm thc n cn bn, nu th nghim a phng t kt qu tt
v c ph bin rng ri. Hin nay c 400 triu tr em b m mt.
cc nc tin b, thc n chnh ca h l tht nn to nhiu cht m cholesterol trong mu,
c th gy ra tai bin nghn mch mu tim v c. Nu h dng thm nhiu thc n c cht
carbohydrate (la m, khoai ty, go...) lm cho tnh trng m (triglicerides) trong mu nhiu
hn; cho nn, gn y gii tiu th ca cc nc ny c khuynh hng gim bt dng cht
carb. Tri li, ngi dn ca cc nc ang pht trin cn thiu nng lng trong nhng ba n
hng ngy, nn la go v nhng loi ng cc khc rt cn thit cho sc kho con ngi.
Ti liu tham chiu:
Chandler, R.F. 1979. Rice in the Tropics: A guide to the development of national programs.
Westview Press/Boulder, Colorado, pp 256.
Chaudhary, R.C. and Trn Vn t. 2001. Speciality rices of the world: a prologue. Speciality
Rices of the World: Breeding, production and Marketing, FAO, Rome and Science Publisher, UK,
p 3-12.
Institute of Nutrition, 1999. Thai food composition, Mahidol University (available at
www.pechsiam.com)
Juliano, B.O. 2003. Rice chemistry and quality. Philrice, Philippines, pp 480.
Juliana, B.O. and Villareal, C.P. 1993. Grain quality evaluation of world rices. IRRI, Philippines.
Tang, S.X. 1995. In Special rices in China. Shanghai Sci. and Tech. Press, China.
Wu, S.Z. and Huang, C.W. 1998. Guandong Agri. Sci. , 3: 5-6.
Zhao, C.Z., Qi, X.F. and Yang, C.D. 1993. Chinese J. Rice Sci. 7(2): 120-122.