Chng 4

CC HIU NG QUANG HC PHI TUYN BC CAO

Dch ting anh:

http://www.mientayvn.com/dich_tieng_anh_chuyen_nghanh.html

Ni dung
1.S trn bn sng
2. S pht sng hi bc ba
3.S t t tiu
4.Hp th hai photon

1.S trn bn sng

So snh quang tuyn tnh v quang phi tuyn

phn cc t l
tuyn tnh vi vector
cng

in
trng

P 0 E

phn cc khng
t l tuyn tnh vi
vector cng
in trng
P 0 E 2dE 2 4 (3) E 3 ...
P 0 (1) E 0 ( 2 ) E 2 0 (3) E 3 ...

P 0 E 0 E 0 E ...
( 3)

hi

Qu
tu tr
y
n b nh
c qua
III ng
p

ph

Qu
tu t r
y
n b nh
c qu a
II ng

Qu
tn tr
h

nh
q

ua
ng

tu

t:

( 2)

y
n

(1)

phn cc phi tuyn P c vit li l:

PP

(1)

( 2)

( 3)

...

Trong chng ny, ta s xt cc hiu ng phi tuyn bc III

nn s dng phn cc phi tuyn bc III.

Xt ba sng phng n sc i vo mi
g
n
trng phi tuyn bc III, c hai cch I biu
tro n
o
h
t
c
nh
c
din cc sng ny:
t
ng
Cch
I

E1 E1 ( z ) cos(1t k1 z )

E2 E2 ( z ) cos(2t k 2 z )

E2 E3 ( z ) cos(3t k3 z )

d rnh
S t
p
u

l
q n
tr

1
i
Cch E1 E1 ( z )e i (1t k1z ) E1 ( z )e i (1t k1z ) h v
2
II
Sin
1
h

i ( 2 t k 2 z )
i ( 2 t k n
2z)
E 2 E 2 ( z )e
E 2 ( z )e
2
1

i ( 3t k 3 z )
E3 E3 ( z )e
E3 ( z )ei (3t k3 z )
2

lm

Mi tng tc phi tuyn ng vi mt tn s

nht nh, n gin, chng ta b phn
ph thuc vo k.
Cch
I

E1 E1 ( z ) cos(1t k1 z )

E2 E2 ( z ) cos(2t k 2 z )

E2 E3 ( z ) cos(3t k3 z )
E1 E1 ( z ) cos 1t
E2 E2 ( z ) cos 2t
E3 E3 ( z ) cos 3t

Tnh phn cc phi tuyn bc ba:

Trong : E=E1+E2+E3
phn cc ca qu trnh pht sng hi bc ba ng
vi 1= 2= 3 l:

1
( 3) 3
P 3 0 E ( , z )
4

Phn
chng
minh
trong
Su_tron_4_song_va_su_phat_song_hai_bac_III.doc
Su_tron_4_song_va_su_phat_song_hai_bac_III.pdf

file

word
hoc

Sinh vin t tm phn cc khi in trng u vo

biu din theo cch 2.

2. S pht sng hi bc ba

2.Pht sng hi bc ba
Bi ton: Xt s tng tc gia nh sng n sc v mi trng tinh
th. Gi s tinh th c chiu di L. Sng u vo ny c dng:
Dng phng trnh sng trong mi trng phi tuyn tm sng Eout
thot ra khi tinh th. Bit sng ny c tn s 3, s sng k3

2.Pht sng hi bc ba
Bi ton: Xt s tng tc gia nh sng n sc v mi trng tinh
th. Gi s tinh th c chiu di L. Sng u vo ny c dng:
Dng phng trnh sng trong phng trnh phi tuyn tm sng
Eout thot ra khi tinh th. Bit sng ny c tn s 3.
Hng gii: Dng phng trnh sng

1.Vit li phng trnh sng trn cho Eout .

2.Gi nh Eout c dng no :
3.i lng cn tm l bin ca sng E(3)
4. tnh hai s hng bn v tri, chng ta ch cn
o hm.
1 ly
( 3) 3
5. tnh phn cc, dng cng thc P 3 4 0 E ( , z )

Cui cng chng ta tm c:

3i 3
3
ikz / 2 sin kz / 2
E 3
3 E z.e
8cn3
kz / 2
Trong

k 3k k 3

n n 3
c

Vn quan trng nht: Hiu sut pht sng hi bc ba=kh nng

chuyn nh sng tn s sang nh sng tn s 3
Hiu sut=cng nh sng u ra/cng nh sng u vo
Cng nh sng t l vi bnh phng cng in trng
I

E ( z )
0

I 3

1
2

3
2
E3 ( z )
0

Cui cng ta tnh c hiu sut:

I 3 L
9
3
2
2 sin kz / 2

3 I 0 L

2 4 3
I 0 16 0 c n n3
kz / 2
3

eTHG

Hiu sut ln nht khi k = 0

k 0 3k k 3 n n 3

(1)

H thc (1) khng th tha mn do mi trng tn sc.

Tuy nhin (1) c th c tha mn trong mi trng kh bng cch
trn hai cht kh vi nhau.

Mi quan h gia cc i lng sng:

k: ln ca vector sng (rad/m)

: tn s (Hz) (mt s sch k hiu l f).
: tn s gc (rad/s)
0: bc sng trong chn khng (m)
n:chit sut

Ch : khi truyn trong mi trng c chit sut n, bc sng ca nh

sng thay i nhng tn s nh sng khng thay i, mu sc nh
sng do tn s quyt nh.

 Gi s kh A tn sc thng: n A 3 n A
v kh B tn sc m: n B 3 n B
theo t l thch hp
Gi np v nn l chit sut ca kh tn sc dng v m
fp v fn l nng ring phn ca chng

n f n n n f p n p

n 3 f n n n 3 f p n p 3

 c n()=n(3 ) =>

f p n p f n nn f n nn 3 f p n p 3

f n n p 3 n p

f p nn nn 3

3.S t t tiu
Trong quang tuyn tnh, chm sng song song khi truyn
qua mi trng s b phn k (m rng ra) do nhiu x.
khong cch c trng Rd chm bt u nhiu x-
di nhiu x:
Rd = ka2/2; (1) vi a l bn knh ca
chm.
Gc phn k d = 1,22/2ano (2)
(1) v (2) khng phu thuc vo cng ca chm bc
x.
Kt qu trn khng cn ng khi chiu chm laser cng
sut ln vo cht lng, mt s tinh th rn.

 Nguyn nhn: ta c P = E + E2 + E3 +
Vect cm ng in D= orE = oE + P
in thm tng i r = 1 + P/ oE
Chit sut
n 2 = r
Do khi chiu nh sng c E ln vo mi
trng phi tuyn bc ba, ta c n 2 = r = 1 + /o +
(3/4o)Eo2
i vi chm Gauss, Eo tng dn t bin vo vng
trc nn n cng tng dn t bin vo vng trc
chm tia b hi t vo vng trc: S t t tiu

nh

y l cng

a
S
ngh t P=I.

u
s
2
2
o
o

hi
p
t
u
s
t
i
Ch n

tuy

Nu cng sut chm tia t gi tr ngng:

Pc = ncoao2E /2 = c /8n2
th s hi t cn bng vi s nhiu x: chm tia gi
nguyn song song khi truyn: s t by.
Nu P > Pc chm tia t hi t.
Khong cch hi t i vi chm Gauss
zf = zo(P/Pc - 1)-1/2

Cc qu trnh phi tuyn khc cn tr s hi t n

bn knh w = 0.
Ch : Cng sut ca chm u vo phi t ti
ngng Pc th hiu ng mi xy ra. Cho d cng
I cao nhng cng sut cha t ti Pc hiu ng
cng khng xy ra.

4.Hp th hai photon (Two

Photon Absorption-TPA)

 TPA l qu trnh hai photon c hp th ng thi

kch thch h vt liu, l qu trnh phi tuyn bc cao
hn; tit din hiu dng nh hn nhiu bc so vi hp
th mt photon.
Tuy nhin vn quan st c nh cc laser.
S dch chuyn mt photon v hai photon tun theo cc
qui tc chn lc khc nhau nn thng c dng b
sung cho nhau trong quang ph hc.
Xc sut dch chuyn ca qu trnh hai photon c
Gppert-Mayer a ra ln u tin bng cch dng l
thuyt nhiu lon bc hai. Ngoi ra c th dng phng
trnh sng lin kt tnh.

 Cng nh sng hp th t l vi: P = E(dP/dt). (i)

Trong quang tuyn tnh, P = E Ta tnh c cng
nh sng hp th P ~ E2 (hp th 1 photon).
Trong quang phi tuyn, P = E + E2 + E3 + , i
vi mi trng phi tuyn bc ba: P = E + E3 , khi
thay vo (i) ta tnh c P ~ E4 (hp th hai photon,
phn chng minh trong gio trnh, trang 91 n 94,
trong chng ta gii bi ton tm xc sut dch
chuyn t trng thi m vo trng thi k thng qua trng
thi n ).

 Hin tng TPA c quan st ln u tin tinh

th CaF2 : Eu.Chiu chm laser Ruby ( = 6943 )
vo tinh th, ion Eu+2 hp th hai photon, chuyn
ln trng thi kich thch, sau dch chuyn khng
bc x v mc NL thp hn ri bc x phn NL
cn li di dng s mu xanh lam ( = 4250 ).
Lu : khc vi SHG, THG, c th xem nh 3WM.

ng dng ca TPA
TPA l cng c hu ch n/c s kch thch v p/c
exciton trong bn dn (o dc ng cong tn sc
ca p/c exciton, trong khi O-PA ch quan st c
p/c exciton trong resttrahling band).
TPA c dng to ra s kt ng b cc ht ti
trong khi vt cht.
TPA cn c dng d cc tt ca exciton khi
khng th d bng O-PA.

Ch
Tn s c th cng nhng bc sng khng
th cng. Vd: trong to tn s tng 1+ 2=
3 nhng khng c vit 1+ 2= 3