HIU NG TN X T HP (RAMAN)

Dch ting anh:

http://www.mientayvn.com/dich_tieng_anh_chuyen_nghanh.html

Ni dung
1.Tn x Raman (thng thng)
2.Tn x Raman kch thch

Phn bit phn x v tn x

nh sng i hng tun theo
nh lut Cc (gc phn x
bng gc ti).

nh sng i hng khng

tun theo quy lut no.

1.Tn x Raman (thng thng)

Hin tng: Raman dng mt knh hin vi hi t nh sng mt
tri vo mt bn phn x. Sau dng knh lc thu nh sng
500 nm v chiu vo chloroform, pha sau mu chloroform c nh
sng mu vng (bc sng khong 570 nm).
Bc t ph:
1.Cng nh sng tn
x rt yu nhng ng vn
quan st c hin
tng.
2.To tin cho s hnh
thnh mt ngnh quang
ph mi-quang ph
Raman.

Chng ta cn phi gii thch:

Ti sao khi nh sng tn s chiu ti mu, pha sau mu
chng ta li thu c nh sng c tn s +v hoc -v (v
d: y v ng vi =70 nm).
C hai cch gii thch:
1.Dng l thuyt sng
c in (m hnh dao
ng t phi iu ha
chng 2).
2.Dng c hc lng t

Xt in trng tc ng vo cht lng hoc kh

1.Dng l thuyt sng
c in (m hnh dao
ng t phi iu ha
chng 2).

in trng s tc dng lc in ln cc electron

Ht nhn (mu ) cng tc dng lc ln cc electron

Cc lc tc dng ln electron gm: lc in trng,
lc ht nhn
Cc lc ny gy ra gia tc cho electron

Fht nhn ty thuc vo in trng mnh hoc yu.

Trong bi ny, chng ta thay k hiu x bng r.

Ch : Cc lc tc dng ln ht nhn hoc

electron c tnh t th tng tc gia chng.
Hm th nng:
Kr 2 a 2 ra2 1
1
3
U r , ra U 0,0

a3 r a 4 ra3 a5 rra2 a 6 r 2 ra ...

2
2
3
3

Biu thc lc n hi tc ng ln in t v ht nhn:

U r , ra
fe
Kr a3 r 2 a5 ra2 2a 6 rra ...
r
U r , ra
2
2
fa
a2 ra a4 ra 2a5 rra a6 r ...
ra

(1)

Gi s

Kh
C
Khi kho st pht sng
nn bcr Khi kho st tn x Raman
d hi
ng ghcn a v
hai
las rc2h lc
Electron lch khi v tr cn ebng vu Electron
lch khi v tr cn bng
n
r,
y
y

c
nhiu.
nhiu.
n
nh hkhng
a ht
ng r t l tuyn tnh vi lc
lch x khng t l tuyn tnh sn lch
g y nhn (tc dng ln electron).
vi lc ht nhn
ht
u
f e Kr 2a 0 rra
d 2r
m 2 K 2a 6 ra r eE
dt
y l mt phng trnh vi phn
phi tuyn i vi x

y l mt phng trnh vi phn

i vi r

(1)

Gi s

Khi kho st pht sng hi bc

hai

d 2r
m 2 K 2a 6 ra r eE
dt
y l mt phng trnh vi phn
phi tuyn i vi x

y l mt phng trnh vi phn

i vi r

Nghim x ca phng trnh ny

c dng:

Cha gii c v cha bit ra.

e/m 2
e/m
a e/m 2 a
1

2
E0 cos 2t
x (t ) 2
E 0 cos t 2 2
E0
2
2
2
2
2
2 0 4 0
0
2 0 0
2

d 2r
m 2 K 2a 6 ra r eE
dt

y l mt phng trnh vi phn phi tuyn

i vi r

Cha gii c v cha bit ra.

Lc tc dng ln ht nhn l:

f a a 2 ra a 6 r 2

Phng trnh chuyn ng ca ht nhn:

d 2 ra
M 2 f a a2 ra a6 r 2
dt

t:

a2

M
2
v

Phng trnh chuyn ng ca ht nhn:

d 2 ra
a6 2
2
v ra r
2
M
dt

Gi s tc dng ca in t n ht nhn
nh

d 2 ra
2

v ra 0
2
dt

Ta tm c ra.

ra r cos v t a
0
a

g
n
ch n
h u n
v
k
uy
E
0 ong t
P= tr ng
t ng a
Vi a qu
ta
kh h
tn

d 2r
m 2 K 2a 6 ra r eE
dt
Ta tm c ra.

y l mt phng trnh chuyn ng ca

electron.

ra ra0 cos v t a

Dng cng thc P=Ner, ta vit li phng trnh chuyn ng electron

theo phn cc.

Trong :

2
2a 6 ra
d 2P
Ne
2
0 P
E
0E
2
m
m
dt
K
2
0
m

2
2a 6 ra
d 2P
Ne
2
0 P
E
0E
2
m
m
dt

ra r cos v t a
0
a

Kt hp phng trnh chuyn ng ca electron v ht nhn ta c:

2
a6 ra E 0
d 2P
Ne
2
0 P
E 0 cos t
0 cos v t a cos v t a
2
m
m
dt

Nh vy phn cc s c cc thnh phn tn s +v hoc +v

Nn nh sng pht ra cng c nhng thnh phn tn s ny.

Gii thch bng c hc lng t

2.Tn x Raman kch thch

Khi dng laser lm ngun kch thch mu trong th nghim tn

x Raman ta s nhn c dng tn x Raman kch thch (cm
ng).

Lc ny chng ta khng th b qua cc thnh phn r2 trong lc

tc dng ln ht nhn cng nh lc tc dng ln in t:
f e Kr 2a6 rra

f e Kr a3 r 2 2a6 rra

f a a 2 ra a 6 r 2
C thnh phn r2 dn n c thnh phn P2 trong phng trnh
chuyn ng electron nn s xut hin cc tn s 2, 2-v,
2+ v , 2-2v, 2+ 2v
Phng trnh chuyn ng ca ht nhn:
d 2 ra
a6
2
2

P
v a
2
dt
MeN 2