Introduccin a SQL

Objetivos

Que son Constraints?

!
"
#

$%&$'
'$(
)'
*+( ,+-. /%+ (
0$ . 1 .

Guas para los Constraints

2
%

2
2-23 4

*
,

4
6

*
2

Definiendo Constraints
,
9 %$2&+,(
$&
3 3
4

,
4
3

9 %$2&+,(
$&
3
;

3 3
<4

Definiendo Constraints
+ ,& &,=
;
9
9

9 7
3 3
3

3 3

:
9
:
4
:
94

/,' & # :

:
<>

Ejemplo CREATE TABLE

+ ,& &,=
;
3 $' = +;?<4
3
@,+ 1,+A;A <4
3 @,+ 1,+A; < $%&$' 4
%$2&+,(
$&
3
3 3B
*+( ,+-. -; * %- 3( <<>

El Constraint NOT NULL

"
+ ,& &,=
;
3 $' = +;?<4
3
@,+ 1,+A;AC< $%&$' 4
$' = +;D4A<4
3
$' = +;A4A<4
7 3
,& %$2&+,(
$&
37 3
$%&$' 4

El Constraint UNIQUE
*
! "
8

;
<

+ ,& &,=
;
3 $' = +;?<4
3
@,+ 1,+A;AC< $%&$' 4
@,+ 1,+A;AC<4
$' = +;D4A<4
3
$' = +;A4A<4
7 3
,& $%&$' 4
%$2&+,(
$&

3 B'$(
)' ;

<<>

El Constraint PRIMARY KEY

*
! "
8

;
<

5
+ ,& &,=
;
3 $' = +;E<4
3
@,+ 1,+A;F < %$2&+,(
$&
3
3 $%&$' 4
3 $' = +;?<4
3 $' = +;E<4
%$2&+,(
$&
3 3 B*+( ,+. -;
3 <<>

El Constraint de FOREIGN KEY

*

4
!

! "
; < #

+ ,& &,=
;
3 $' = +;?<4
3
@,+ 1,+A;AC< $%&$' 4
@,+ 1,+A;AC<4
3 $' = +;E<4
%$2&+,(
$&
3
3B/%+ (
0$ . ;
3 <
+ /+ $ 2
;
3 <4
%$2&+,(
$&
3
3 B'$(
)' ;
<<>

Clusulas del Constraint FOREIGN KEY

/%+ (
0$ . -

+ /+ $
%$

&

2 (
,2 ,

=
"

%$

& 2 &$'

El Constraint de CHECK
8 "
#
+
$ G&@, 4
'2 +4

@ 4

'++@, 4
+%H$'
2-2 ,& 4 '( 4

'2 + $@
"

Sintaxis para Aadir Constraints

'

, & + &,=
,I
1
*

4
7
I

$%&$'
% (
/-

, & + &,=
,
9 %$2&+,(
$&
;
<>

Borrando un Constraint
* %- 2
, & + &,=
+%* %$2&+,(
$&

*
.-

3B>

*+( ,+$&2
/%+ (
0$ . * %- 2 *,+& $&3(

*,+&

, & + &,=
+%**+( ,+-. - ,2 ,

>

Deshabilitando Constraints
(
2,=
, & + &,=
*

,2 ,
7

, & + &,=
(
2,=
%$2&+,(
$&
,2 , >

3 3B

Habilitando Constraints
*

"
7

$,=

'

7
*+( ,+-. -

'$(
)'

, & + &,=
$,=
%$2&+,(
$&

3 3 B>

Visualizando Constraints
'2 +3 %$2&+,(
$&2
!

&
73

/+%
H1 +

3
3

J K * %- 2K
>

Viendo las Columnas Asociadas con

los Constraints
*
'2 +3 %$23 % ' $2
2

&

/+%
H1 +

3
3

3
3

J K * %- 2K
>

Practica
,I

.
*$
3 3B
*
.
*& $
3B
*&3(
B

(
3
A

,I
(
3

,I
,

*
*

"
I
3

#
3 3B

10

Practica
E

"

I
'2 +3 %$2&+,(
$&2 $

'2 +3%=L &2

11