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isxy, hqksflda
m%;s m.kl.; lsu
Sinhala Book Digitization Projects
isxy, fmd;a m.kl.; lsf hdmD;s

flfrk cd;sl i;aldrhls

2013

wmf.a moku
ld,h;a iu. iEu fohlau fjkiaug ,laf' nq oyf mjik wks;H;dj hkq
f wksjdh fjkiauhs' tfyhska .sys iy me hk fomsfika fy fn!oaO iudch o
wksjdhfhkau fjkia ug ,laf' tfy;a tA fjkia u ms<sn|j wm i{dksl ke;ak yd
pdrYS,S ke;ak we;e g nqkajykafiaf.a b.ekaug imQK m%;sreoaO ia:dkhla olajd
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wjqre wiQjlg muK fmr gq fn!oaO h;sjrhdKka jykafia flfkl=f.a pdrhls' wo j;a
jk wmg f lD;sfha we;s wod,;ajh b;d fydka lemS fmfka'
fuys l;=jrhdKka jykafia iska %;dkH hg;a ; md,kfhka Y%S ,xldj ksoyi ,eug
wdikak ld,fha ,shk ,o zzNslaIqjf.a WreuhZZ lD;sh wo o b;du ckam%sh lD;shla jqj;a Tn
w;g m;a jk fuu zzi;afhdaohZZ lD;sh tfia ckm%sh tlla fkdu b;du lK.dgqodhlh'
i;HjYfhkau NslaIqjf.a Wreuh lD;sfhka fmkajd fok 2500 jirl Wreuhlg whs;sjdisl
lsh yelafla ljr wdldr wdl,am ork" fld;r uqKq p;hla iys; mrd:ld NslaIqjlg o
hkak ia;r lrkafka fuu lD;sfhks' fulS moku .ek kSula fkdue;sj 2500 jirl
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m%;sM, we;s lrkjd we; hkak wmf.a Yajdihhs'
if;Haoh lD;sh uqKh lr fkd,fha fnod ug uey;a jQ foakak ixOdkfha ;reK msi
we;= ish fokdg lD;{;dmQjlj mqKHdkqfudaokd lruq'
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2013'05'19

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y;la uqKh fldg fkd,fha fnod yk ,' tA i|yd ho ork ,oafoa fld<U f''
m%kdka iud.f uka Oufiak" je,a,j;af;a hQ'wd' m%kdka" je,a,j;af;a v,s'tka'
m%kdka" fougf.dv tuka rfldaka hk uy;=ka iy .d,af,a B't,a' ldhji ue;sKsh;a
fld<U .%ka: m%ldY hka;%d,h;a isks' tA ish,a,kag uf.a lD;{;d mQjl wjxl ia;+;sh ys
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yduqrefjda wmg ys;kag b.ekakqjdh" lshd' g wjqre yeglg muK by; ,shk ,o kuq;a f
m;%sldj, .e we;s woyia yd fpk todg;a jvd wo wjYHhs" ldf,da;hs' tod nqoaOYdik
wud;HdxYhla ;snqfK kE' ksiaiq ksoyiaj wd.u weoyqjd' tod iq jia;% ye|.;a ^;jik&
oiis,a Wmdisldfjda ksoyiaj mdr f;df .uka l<d' wo lyjia;% ye|.;a oiis,a Wmdisldjka
^ud;djka& fmd,sia /ljrK we;sj fndamQcd j,g wrf.k hkj'
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23

mskal iy m%d:kd

28

u;fNaoh

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kshu nqoaO mQcdj
lshjkakd( nqoaO mQcdjg Tn reoaOh hk wdrxhla me;s ;sf' tA .ek rf le<ula mj;akd
neo ryila fkdf' f ms<sn| i;Hh l=ulahs k .ekSug leue;af;'
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uu lsisfia;a nqoaO mQcdjg reoaO fkdfj' h<s" uu th lsug n,j;a f,i wjjdo
lrkafkla' wdi-m%;m
s ;a;s hk oaO mQcdjkagu ;:d.;hka jykafia ;r
iqiafila ke;' wo fn!oaOfhda nqoaOmQcd fkdflfr;s( nqrcdKka jykafiag iqiq
mQcd fkdmj;aj;s( zznqoaO mQcdZZ hk W;= f,an,h msg;ska w,jd fkdtla ldr lr;s(
ydr ujl mskq .eiSu;a" fkdtla ys ;yj,ska hq;a fm<yrla hEu;a" m%;sudjla
bfha wdydr mdk j. ;eu;a" ;j;a wfkalm%ldr ldr lsu;a nqoaOmQcd f,i
i,l;s' kuq;a fjd Wkajykafiag iqiq mQcd fkdfj;s'

lshjkakd( nqoaO mQcd" hk jpkfhka ud woyia lf<a nqoaO m%;sudjla bfha wydr mdkj.
;euhs' fuh wfma mrmrd.;j tk pd;% Ouhls' Tn Bg reoaOo@
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k we;a;ls'

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th nqoaO mQcdjla fkdfh hkqhs'

lshjkakd( Tnf.a woyi Nhdklhs" wka;rdodhlhs" th :HdoDIahls'

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;udg kqmqre w;a u;hla ms<sn| idlPd lrk g bjis,af,ka" ffu;%sfhka iy
iudodkfhka hq;=j" YsIg
a Ouhka fkd blaujd l< yels k" ud is;k yehg" th"
nqoaO m%;sudjla bofha wdydrmdk j. ;eug jvd W;= nqoaO mQcdjla fjhs' tksid
fkdlsfmkq uek' ud lshk foh bjis,af,ka wid kqjKska is;d n,kak'
wfma hlsis {d;sfhl= u< g" Tyq fjkqfjka wdydrhla fjka fldg ;enqj fyd;a
th {d;s fm%;
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a wdyr msf
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fln oYkhla f hs is;d n,kak' fn!oaOfhda m%;sudjla bfha wdydr mdk
j.hla ;nd" ydr ldurfhys fodr jid" nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a wd;auhg
ke;fyd;a wj;drhg wjq;a th b,a lrkakg bv fokakdla fuka msg;g iaj,am
f,djla n,d is;s'
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mlalulao ms<f
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;sikdg ish,a,gu jvd W;= foh wdydrhhs' {dkfhka iy .=Kfhka hqKq fkdjq
l,ays jevqKq ukqIHhd ;=<o tA woyi tfiauh' YS," iud" m%{djkaf.ka w. ;ekam;a
nqrcdKka jykafia jeks W;=ul=g" WKajykafia msksjka md wjqre fooyia
mkaishhlg miq;a" wdydrmdk j.j,ska .re lrkakg is;Su wfma wNHka;r .=K
oy hKqf wvqlu oyd mEuls' ndysr fohlska Wkajykafiag iEfyk f.!rjhla

lrkakg wmg mqjkalula ke;' ;uka jykafiag f.!rjh m%;sm;a;s mQcdj nj

;:d.;hka jykafia iska n,j;a f,i foaYkd lrk ,'
lshjkakd( t;fldg ndysr jYfhka odkudkdfhka ;:d.;hka jykafiag .re lsug kqjqukd
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ke;( th tfia fkdf' nqrcdKka jykafiag wdydr mdkhlska ix.%y lrkakg

hful=g bvla ,efnf;d;a" ienekau th uy;a jdikdjls' Wkajykafiaf.a Yrhgo"
wfkla i;ajhkaf.a Yrhg fuka" lE" mS" b" ysgq j,ska m%fhdackh ,ef' tA
judkj ishh' kuq;a wo Wkajykafia judkj ke;s ne wms fydkau oksuq'
tksid wdydr mdkdhlska Wkajykafiag ix.%yhla lrkakg wmg bvla fkd,eu
uy;a lk.dgqjls'

lshjkakd( f judk nqkah hk yeSfuka m%;sudjlg wdydr mdk j. msj;a th jero@

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m%;sudjla ms<sn|j f judk nqkah hk yesfuka .re i;aldr lrk ne fndfyda

wh lsh;s' th tfiau hs ug f;are .; fkdyel' nqrcdKka jykafia judkj
ish" Wkajykafiaf.a wikSmhlg fnfy;a imhkakg wjia:djla ,e k" wfyda
th fl;r jdikdjlao @' wo Wkajykafia judkj ke;s neka Wkajykafiaf.a
frda.hlg wmg fnfy;a lrkakg bvla ke;' kuq;a h lsis Y%oaOdjf;la m%;sudjlg
frda.hla je<ekdla fuka is;d f.k" fyd| ye we|la irid m%;sudj tys i;mamjd"
isjqrla fmdrjd" jfrda nqyduqrejkag wikSmhla ye,dh" lshd" ho fldg
ffjoHjrfhla f.kajd" lIdh WKq fldg m%;sudjg ms<s.kajhs k" fuh fudk
;;a;ajfha ysjla f hs is;d ne,sh hq;=hs'
nq rcdKka jykafia judkj ish l< yels yeu i;aldrhlau Wkajykafia
msks miq;a lrkakg kqmqjka ne ie,lsh hq;=hs' ka wmg l< yels i;aldr
fudkjdhs fidhd ne,Su kqjKe;shkaf.a is;hs'

lshjkakd( t;fldg wm iska tA .ek l=ula l< hq;=o@

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nqrcdKka jykafia iska foaYkd lrk ,' Wkajykafiaf.a wikSmhlg wo wmg
Wjgeka lrkakg kqmqjka neka" Wkajykafiaf.a jpkhg wkqj wm iska wirK"
mam;a frda.Skag lreKdfjka ix.%y l< hq;=h's th Wkajykafiag mQcdjhs'
tfiau" wo wmg Wkajykafiaf.a m%fhdackh msKi
s odkhla h fkdyels neka" wm
iska l< hq;af;a ksrdydrj l=i .skafkka fmf<k wirKhkag tA fjkqfjka ix.%y
lsuhs' th Wkajykafiag lrk f.!rjhls'
fn!oaOhka kqjK fufyhd l%shd l< hq;=hs' wdydrh jqjukd lrkafka th mfNda.
l< yels mqoa.,hl=gh' hula h hq;af;a m%fhdackh .; yels mqoa.,hl=gh'
m%;sudjlg wdydrfhka m%fhdackh ke;s ne wms fydkau oksuq' tla;rd mdie,la
wi, msys ydria:dkhl Yd, f,i wdydr mQcdj mj;ajkq ,ef' is ;sia
fofklqkag hefmk muK wdydr bj; ,kq,ef' wr mdief,a bf.kSug tk we;e
mam;a <uhs oj,a oyh muK jk g isys ke;sj jefg;s' kuq;a Tjqkg tl wdydr
f,lska ix.%y lrk flfkla ke;' nqyduqrejkaf.a kka m%fhdackj;a foh
w{dk f,i wyl ou;s' wr mam;a orejkag ix.%y lsu nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a
jpkh ms<smeu ne Tyq fkdoks;s' {dkj;a f,i l%shd lrkakd fn!oaOhdhs' lrk
iEu l%shdjlu ;;a;ajh kqjkska uish hq;=hs'

lshjkakd( m%;sudjlg wdydr mdkj,ska m%fhdackhla ke;s nj;a" wdydr mdkj,ska m%fhdackh
we;af;a md l< yels whg nj;a we;a;ls' kuq;a nqoaO m%;sudjlg msfukq;a"
wirKfhl=g fukq;a jvd mska is jkafk l=ulska o@

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;udg mska n,dfmdrd;a;=fjka hlsis jevla lrf;d;a th ienekau fj<oduls'

M,hg wdYdfjka hula lrhsk" th W;= l%shdjla fkdf' luM, weySu
hkafkys kshu f;areuk" hlsis l%shdjl wjYHlu;a" tys we;s jkdlu iy
m%fhdackh;a ksisf,i kqjKska f;are.ekSuhs' M,h f;are.ekSu tlls" thg wdYd
lsu wfklls' m%;sudjla bfha lEu u ;nd wyl fukq;a" lqi.skafkka
fmf<k wirKhl=g lreKdfjka ffu;%sfhka hq;=j ix.%y lsfukq;a jvd wjYH
l%shdj l=ulao@ jvd m%fhdack l%shdj l=ulao@ lshd kqjKska is;d ne,sh hq;=hs'
m%;sudjla bfha wdydr ;nkafka ;uka mska .kakd wdYdfjks' th ;DIaKdjhs'
m%;sudjlg wdydr mQcd lsf lreKd" ffu;%S wd .=Khka Wmojkakg bvla ke;s
neks' kuq;a" wirKfhl=g ix.%y lsf kshu wkaoka lreKd" ffu;%S wd
.=Kfhda is;ays my< fj;s'
odkhla fuka odhlhd wdksixi myla ,nhs-wdhqI" jK" iem" n," m%{d hk fhs'
f wdksixi mi odhlhdg ,efnkafka" odhlhd odkh;a iu. tAjd m%;s.%dylhdg
fok neks' m%;sudjla bfha wdydr mdk j.hka ;efuka" wdhqIh" jKh"
iemh" n,h" m%{dj hk fuhska lsisjl=;a m%;sudjg fkd,efnk ne wmg
yia;u,lhla fuka m%;HlaIh' tksid mQcd lrkakdgo tA wdksixi ,eug lsis;a
hq;=lula ke;' kuq;a l=i.skafka fmf<k wirKhl=g wdydr mdkhkaf.ka ix.%y
l< fyd;a" f wdksixi myu odhlhdg ,efnkq fkd wkqudkhs'

lshjkakd( myka mQcdj .ek Tnf.a woyi l=ulao@

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myka mQcdj .ek;a tfiauhs' nqrcdKka jykafia judkj we;ak" Wkajykafiag

jqjukd m%mdf,dalh Y%oaOdj;=ka iska iemhsh hq;=hs' kuq;a wo Wkajykafiag myka
t<sh imhkafka flfiao@ wi,ajeis wirKhd oji uq,af,a jev fldg wjq;a ? n;a
mx.=j lEug t<shla ke;sj ljf ish" lsis;a m%;HlaI woyila ke;sj" mkai,a
j;a;la mqrd myka wiQydr oyila ,au ljr k nqoaO mQcdjlahs ug fkdjegfya'
nqrcdKka jykafia j;aj isk ojilj;a fuh Wkajykafiag f.!rjhla fkdf'
Wkajykafiag;a t<sh jqjukd lrkafka tl ukqIHhl=g jqjukd muKgh'
nqrcdKka jykafia judkj we;ak" Wkajykafia ueo ysjd" jf myka wiQydr
oyila ,au fudk ;r mSvdjlahs is;d n,kak' isoaOia:dkhl iqiq m myka
,au wjYHhs' isxy, fn!oaOfhda r. fkdn,d wd.f kka fudavl lr;s'

lshjkakd( nqoaOm%;sudjlg u,a mQcd lsu iy jeu .ek Tnf.a woyi lqulao@
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u,a msug iy jeug;a uu tl fj'

lshjkakd( Tnf.a woyia mriamr frdahs' m%;sudjlg wdydrmdk j.hka msu kqjqjukd jevla
yehg;a" Bg u,a msu iy jeu jqjukd jevla yehg;a is;Sug fya;=j ug k
fkdjegfya'
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uu th myod fokak( nqrcdKka jykafia judkj is ojfia jqj;a" u,amsu iy

jeu Wkajykafia jevWka ydrfhka ye;emau oyia .Kklska wE; jikakl=g;a
l<yels jevls' tA msKsi Wkajykafiaf.a Yrh lSu wkjYHh' kuq;a odkhla u
tfia fkd f' Wkajykafia <g fkdmeK odkhla ms<s.ekah fkdyel' odkfha
m%fhdackh Yrhghs' nq jqj;a Yrhg lEu u wjYHh' u,amQcdj iy jeu tfia
fkdf' tys Wkajykafiaf.a Yrh yd lsis;a inkaOhla ke;' th wfma
;a;m%idoh ms<sn| jQ ndysr m%ldYhls' u,amQcdj ms<sn| ldjHuh jQo" m;% jQo" YsIagjQ
ruH woyi tla;rd Wiia ;;a;ajhlg is; hqKq fkdl< mqoa.,hl=g fkdjegfya'
jkaokdjo tnu fjhs' u,amQcdj iy jeu ;:d.;hkajykafia < we;;a ke;;a
l< yels jevls( tys Wkajykafiaf.a Yrh yd lsis;a inkaOhla ke;s fyhsks'
tfiau Wkajykafia judkj we;;a ke;;a u,amsu iy jeu l<yel' kuq;a oka u
tfia fkdf' tA msKsi Wkajykafia judkj jev ish hq;=hs' judkj jev isuo
m%udK fkdf' Wkajykafia <gu hd hq;= hs' wdydrh yd Wkajykafiaf.a Yrh;a

w;r inkaOhla we;s fyhsks' b;ska Wkajykafiaf.a mxpialkaOh wNdjhg .sh miq
Wkajykafiag wms flfia wyr ms<s.kajuqo@
lshjkakd( t;fldg f is; mrmrd.;j mej;S f.k tkafka wehs@ fmr rcorefjda mjd
fufia nqoaOmQcdj fkd fldf<da o@
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rcorejka i;Hh uekSf ula lr .ekSu wfma n,j;a uq<djls' fndfyda g

rcjre nrm;< wmrdO fldg miqj mdm mdlhg Nhsk"a fkdtla wkaof ndysr
mqomQcd meje;ajQy' Ouh inkaOfhka l;dlrkg rclu w.kd fohla fkdf'
rcjrekag n,h ;sf' kuq;a OudjfndaOh wfklls'
mrmrd.;j tk is;aj,g Nhu wfma msySug tla fya;=jls' mrmrdj
.Kka.;hq;af;a fkdf' .Kka.;hq;af;a i;Hhhs' ;j wjqre mKyla ishhla
.;jkg wo j;ajk wmf.a jev;a mrmrd.; fjkjd we;' b;ska tA ld,fha
Wmk ksiaiq fjd mrmrd.; is;ahhs wo wm lrk foaj,a Ndr .ekSug ne
is;ao@ yenE wd;au Yla;sfhka hq;a mqreIhd" fld;r mrmrd .Kkl mgka
mejef;k is;la jqj;a" fkduekejehs yeqKq fudfydf;ysu th iqKq iqKq lr
ouhs' rd." oafI" fudayfhda mrmrd.;j tk mdmfhda fj;s' tAjd;a w;a fkdyer"
mrmrd.;a foaj,ahhs wdorfhka /lsh hq;=o@ iuyrekag mrmrd.;j tk frda.fhda
fj;s' tAjd;a /l.; hq;=o@ .re l< hq;af;a mrmrdjg fkdj i;Hhghs'

lshjkakd( t;fldg fjd mrmrd.;j mj;ajdf.k tkafka ulaksido@

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fjd mj;ajdf.k tkafka ,dN m%fhdack ksihs' Ydia;Djrekaf.a wNdjfhka miq

mQclfhda tA tA wd. iajlSh ldjD;a;shg fmr<d .;ay' Ouh' lKav iQ;%h'
lr.;ay' tksid fkdtla mqomQcd ms<sfh< lrkakg;a tAjdfha wdksixi
jKkdlrkakg;a mgka .;ay' thu ksjdK ud.h ne fmfkkakg fmd;am;a
,sjQy' tA fmd;am;aj,ska i;Hh jikq ,eh' .ekSug l< yels iEu m%fhda.hlau
l<y' tla;rd mam;a fudav fn!oaOfhla" wfkla cd;sfha Wiiaj Wmk
n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka" mkaif,a yduqrejkaf.a wjjdoh msg" nqoaO m%;sudjg fkdtla foa
mQcd flf<ah' wka;hg tA yduqrefjda fufia lSy( Wmdil Wkakefya" ish,a,u mQcd
l<;a fudfldgo@ Wmdil Wkakefyaf.a Tf flia keye' ,nk cd;sfha ;gh
we;sj Wmkafkd;a wfkla fiaru ,enqK;a fudgo@ tksid fyd|g flia ,efnkak
ys;d f.k fyd| ls;=,a?kla nqyduqrejkag mQcd lrkak'' fudav Wmdilhd ls;=,a
?k mQcd flf<ah' yduqrefjda mkai, j;af;a jeg ne|ug ls;=,a?k md l<y'
iskdfikakg tmd' fuh we;a;ls' wd.u Ouh ,dN m%fhdack .ekSug Wmdhla
lrf.k ;sf' tksid f mQcdj,a mrmrd.;j mj;ajdf.k t;s' b;ska hfula
Oudkql+,j fjd t<s fldg i;Hh myod fohs k" Tyqg reoaOl mek keSu
mquhlao@

lshjkakd( wdydr mQcdj lrkag tmdhhs Tn lshkafkyso@

l;D(

ljodj;a uu tfia fkdlsh' ug jqjukd lrkafka ldrKh myod uhs' th lsu

fyda fkd lsu tA tA whf.a hq;= luls' m%;sudjla bfha wdydr ;eug jvd j;aj
isk wirKhl=g ix.%y lsu ffu;%S lreKd m%{d iy.; l%shdjla ne hul=g
jegfya k" fyf;f tfia flfjd' wdydr mQcdj fkdlru ne jevla yehg;a"
th b;du wjYH yehg;a hfula is;hsk" Tyqf.a isf;a iekiSu msKsi" fyf;f
tfia flfjd'

lshjkakd( f mrmrd.; is; yeruqfjd;a" wm iska Bg jvd m%fhdackj;ajQ" nqrcdKka

jykafiag f.!rjhlajQ wfkla fohla l< hq;=hs' tA msKsi l=ula l<hq;=o@
l;D(

wm iska wirKhkag Wo l< hq;h

= s' wfma Yla;sh" n,h" wfma Okh wirKhd
rlskakg fhh hq;=hs' nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a Ouh mrd:h moku fldg
we;af;ah' tksid l=i.skafka la kakkag lEu h hq;=h's wkakg ke;shjqkag

jia;% h hq;=hs' kjd;eka ke;s whg kjd;eka hhq;=hs' frda.Skag lreKdfjka"

wdorfhka ix.%y l<hq;=hs' th Wkajykafia fjkqfjka wmg l<yels mQcdjhs' km;d
lEu Whkakg l,ska yd,ag ne.ska Ndckhlg oud" iEfyk muK tlajQg th
wirKirK jHdmdrhlg m;Hd. l<hq;=hs' th nqkag lrk f.!rjhls" th nqoaO
jpkh .relsuls' i;h ne.ska tlafldg iEfyk uqo,la jQg" fmd;la .kakg
j;alu ke;s neka bf.k.; fkdyelsj isk wirK orejl=g fmd;la imhd
hhq;=hs' mykg f;,a ke;s lka ljf lak wi,ajeishdg t<sh hhq;=hs'
nqrcdKkajykafia wjjdo l< m wm iska fjd l<hq;=hs' th m%;sudjlg
wdydrmdk msug jvd Yd, nqoaOmQcdjls' kslrefKa myka wiQydr oyila ,aug
jvd Yd, mskaluls'
c.mlD;sfrj nqoO
a mQcd" ;omlD;sia;j f,dalkd:" mSvd''
zzf,dalhdg Wmldr lsuu nqoaO mQcdjhsZZ f,dalkd:hka jykai" f,dalhdg jrola
lsu kqUjykafiag lrk mSvdjls''

2
foaj;drdOkdj iy Ou mQcdj
lshjkakd( kdkd ksldhsl f,dl= l=vd Oullhka jykafia,d OufoaYkdjg m%:u
foajdrdOkdjla lrkag;a" ;uqkakdkafia tfia fkdlrkag;a we;s fya;= lsu@
l;D(

ud foajdrdOkdj fkdlrkafka fohka tlal we;s wukdmhla ksid fkdf'

ksiqkag fukau" wfkla i;a;ajhkag fukau" uu fohkag;a .re lr' uu
ksiqkag fYaI wdrdOkhla fkdlr' tfiau fohkag;a fYaI wdrdOkhla
jqjukdhhs uu fkdis;' tA tA ;ekaj, nK lshjkakjqka iska lrk ,o ka
n,d" ke;fyd;a ojq,a Yoh fyda >Kagdkdoh wid" ksh; f,djg nK wikakg
meKsh yel' h fyhlska fohkag tA kaf isxy, lshjd f;are .; fkdyels
k" isxyf,ka wm lshk nK f;are .kakgo mqjka lula we;ehs uu fkdis;'
fohkag f;afrkafka md,s muKla k" wm nK lshkafka md,sfhka fkdj
isxyf,ka ksid" wfma nK wikakg meKSfuka fohkag m%fhdackhla ke;' f
f,djg wij,a ;ek nK lshkjdh hk nj k ku" fYaI wdrdOkhla fkdl<
ksid" fohka nK wikakg fkdmefKf;d;a" thska wmg f;are .kakg
;sfnkafka" Tjqka uy;a wyxldr fldgila njhs' tn wyxldrhla ksid nK
wikakg fkdmefKf;d;a th lk.dgqodhl lreKls' OufoaYkdj .ek ksiqkag
okajkakdla fukau fohkag;a kau tA nK lshjk odhlhkaf.a hq;=luls'
fohkag;a iu.hs' lshd kaf fldkl uqKh lsu fyda" fohka fjkqfjka
fYaI kaula m<lsu fyda Tjqka isfhk yehlg l<yel' foaj;drdOkdj lrk
Yoh fohkag wefif;d;a" Tjqka fkdrl iskjd h hq;=hs' tfia k wdrdOkd
l<;a" fkdl<;a" nK lshk Yoho Tjqkag wefikjd we;'
f yer" nqrcdKka jykafia Ou foaYkd lrkg" foajdrdOkhla l< njla >"
uCu" wx.=;a;rd ksldhkays iQ;%j,ska fy<s fkdfjhs' idudkHfhka" wo
OufoaYkdjhhs .Kskq ,nkafka" we;s,s w;=rk ,o fi mqgq we;sj ieriQ
uKavmhl NslaIQkj
a ykafia kula jev ys| f.k" u ys|.;a msilg" fmd;lska
lgmdv lr.;a fohla" ;ukag f;areK;a" ke;;a" Yok.d lSuhs' wo OufoaYkdj
ksl W;aijhls' tys kshu woyi kdY ;sf' ud .ukla hkg" flda,dy, lrk
ksil= l" milg Tyq wv.idf.k f.dia" Tyqg fydka j;a jkakg mqoa.,slj"
yska wjjdo l<fyd;a" th kshu woyi we;s b;d jkd OufoaYkdjls' t;k" tA
ksydg wjjdo lrkakg ud iQodk jkg;a foajdrdOkdj lrkago@ jev isjk
l:dj Ou l:djhs' md,sfhka lshd isxy,g fmr<Su muKla Oul:dj fkdf'
foajdrdOkh k f,dl=lug" n,mqjkaldrlug fhka l;a wk ne m%ldY
lsuls' ukqIHhkag jvd fydka fohka lEu weu lrk ne fmd;mf;ys

lshjkakg ,ef' tA ksid foajdrdOkh lr;s' f f,dalfha Okj;=kag fuka

fohkag;a fndfydafokd jd,al lr;s' kuq;a fohkag jvd ukqIHhd fY%aIaG ne
Tyq fkdoks;s' nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a b.ekafuys tla fYaIhlak fuhf' ud
foajdrdOkh fkdlrkafka f lreKq fufia Yajdi lrk neks'
lshjkakd( fohkag wdrdOkd lrkafka fohkaf.a n, mqjkaldr lulg Nhska fkdj" tA
we;a;ka Ydikh rlsk ksihs'
l;D(

fuh ;j;a nrm;< jer Yajdihls' Ydikh k l=ulao@ th yqKqnodu iy .fvd,a

f.dvla fkdf' lsis mjla fkdlsu;a" ish l=i,a lsu;a" is; msiq lsu;a nqoaO
Ydikhhs' uqrldrhl= bvula rlskakdla fuka" Ydikh;a fohkag /lsh yels
jia;=jlao@ nqrcdKka jykafia Ydikh n,d.kakg lsisjl=g;a Ndr kqkafial'
fohka ,jd Ydikh rlaljkakg is;Su f,dl= uq<djls' fohkag Ydikh ;nd"
we;eg ;ukaf.a foajd,hj;a /l.kakg ne ne fmfka' Ydikh fidhd .;af;a
ukqIHfhls' ukqIHhka iskau th /lsh hq;=h's

lshjkakd( yska;,d mj;fha iquk idufKarhka jykafia ys uy ry;kajykafiaf.a

kshuh m foaj;drdOkdj flf<a keoao@
l;D(

tfia l< ne b;sydifhys fmfka' th b;sydih i Ouh fkdf' iquk

idufKarhka jykafia foajdrdOkh l<;a fkdl<;a" nqrcdKka jykafia th l<
njla ;%smsgl md<sfhys f;dla wmg olskag ,e ke;'
* * *

lshjkakd( fyd|hs" Tn OumQcdj ms<sfkd.kafka wehs@

l;D(

OumQcdj ms<sfkd.ekSug fya;= uy;a rdYshls' ish,a,gu m<uq lshhq;;

a la ;sf'
nqoaOmQcd hk W;= jpkh fkdtla ldrj,g jHjydr lrkakdla fukau OumQcd
hk jpkho lKav iQ;f
% ha mohla lrf.k ;sf' OumQcdj k Ouh ms<smeuhs'
nKlS ;eke;a;dg hula u OumQcdj fkdf' th wdi mQcdjhs' Ouh foaYkd
lrkakdg hula msu OumQcdju fjhs' hkq hg lS iQ;%fha nKhs' ne ne,aug" ka
mj;akd m" OufoaYkdjlska miq hula mQcd lsu yhgu l=,shla u jeks fjhs'
th ms<s.ekSu l=,sh .ekSula fuks'
OufoaYkdfjka miq mQcdjla lsu nqka ry;ka ld,fhys is;la jYfhka mej;s
njla ;%smsglfhys fkdfmfka' nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a Ouhla wid tla;rd ksil=
uy;a Y%oaOdfjka ;ud < ;snqKq jia;%hla Wkajykafiag mQcd l< l:djl=;a" rcf.or
ia;%Skag nK b.ekajQ wk| uy f;rekajykafiag lrk ,o jia;% mQcdjl=;a yer"
nqrcdKka jykafia OufoaYkd l< i;<sia mia wjqreoao uq,af,ys OufoaYkdjkag
miq lrk ,o mQcdjka .ek k.ekSu myiq fkdf' wo k f mQcdj Ou
foaYkdf wx.hla jYfhkau mj;akd ne ryila o@ nKla lshug hlsisjl=
iQodk jkg" Tyq iska m%:u wxlfhys,d .kq ,nk fohlak f mQcdjhs' tho" tA
tA kS;S{hkaf.a olaIlf" lS;sfha yehg .dia;=j f.jkakdla fuka" tA tA
Oullhdf.a lS;sfha yehg ms<f
s h< lrkq ,ef' yd tA Th yduqrejkag
Th;rf iq mQcdjla .e<fmkafka keyehs' fkdtla ;ekaj, lshkjd wikakg
,ef' f mQcdf m; ksid" idudkH ksil=g m%Odk mx;sfha ia:rhka jykafia
kula ,jd OufoaYkdjla lrjd .kakg wjldY ke;s ;sf' Ou foaYkd lrk
NslaIQka jykafia ;=<o f mQcdj .ek woyila keoao hkq iel iys;hs' nfKka miq
mQcd ms<s.kakd tA ld,fha" ud ;=< k" tA.ek tla;rd nf,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ;snqKq
ne wjxlj lsh' tA ksid OufoaYkdjl we;sh hq;= ks#YrKOHdYho lsgq jQ
ne uu oks' ud ;=< meje;s f mdmh miq lf,l ug jegySu;a f oy mQcdjka
m%;slafIam lsug m%Odk fya;=jls'
f mQcdj ms<s.ekSu ksid OufoaYkdjl jkdlu fndfyda rg uelS hhs'

yduqrejkaf.a ;;a;ajhg iEfyk mQcdjla l<dhhs odhlfhda is;;s' yduqrefjdao ug

f we;ehs i;=gq fj;a' Oufha lshejqKq lreKq ms<smeu .ek fomlaIfhau l:djla
ke;' f mQcdj kqjqjukd nj;a" fun mslrlska Ouh msh fkdyels nj;a" ;udg
lrk tlu f.!rjh f nK ms<smeu nj;a lSug foaYlhdg wd;au Yla;sh ;sh
hq;=hs' kg k fomlaIhu mslrg /je thska kj;s;a'
.;jQ jIfha isxy, wjqre kfhys ud ys;j;a iajdkajykafia kula tla;rd
ia:dkhl OufoaYkdjla flf<ah' nfKka miq Wkajykafiag jkd f,dl=
Trf,daiqjla mQcd lrk ,' w;a wjqreoafoa mgka.ekSug tA yduqrejkaf.a ys;
i;=gqjkag iEfyk mQcdjla wms l<dhs' tA ia:dkfha flfkla ud iu. lSy' yhgu"
fjf<f|l= w;a wjqreoafoa ish fjf<`odfuka fyd| ,dNhla ,nkakdla fuka" tA
foaYlhka jykafiao ish fjf<`odfuka i;=gqodhl ,dNhla ,;a ne tA l:dl<
whf.a woyi f,i ugk jegfya'
tA iajdka jykafiagu odhlfhla nKla wdrdOkdfldg mQcd jYfhka l=ula
jqjukdhs weiSh' ;uka < l=vhla ke;s ne Wkajykafia lSy' nfKka miq l=vh
,enqfKah' f nK fkdlSjd k" ug f l=vh fkd,ef' yhgu jevla fldg
l=,sh .;a;d jdf.ahs' Wkajykafiau miq kl ud iu. lSy'
tla;rd ia:rhka jykafia kulg ;ud nKlg wdrdOkd l< nj;a" Wkajykafia
wdrdOkdj Ndrf.k nK mslr jYfhka hula mQcd lrkjd k" th uqo,ska
,efnkag ie,eiqfjd;a Bg jvd m%fhdackj;a fhhs' lS nj;a" tA wdrdOkdj l< whu
ud iu. lSh' ka nKlSu tla;rd rlaIdjla ;sf' we;e Oullhka
OufoaYkdfldg ,enQ mslr l=Kd fmdfydi;a bv ,hg f.k ;sfnk neo
m%lg ryiah'
fun isoaka ;j;a lahyel' nK mslf ;;a;ajh fufia fyhska" wo
OufoaYkdj w;sYhskau lsgq ;sf' fu;r OufoaYkd mj;ajoa;a rf
wmrdOj, wvqjla fkdug fuho tla fya;=jls' iudou fukau" f mslro
OufoaYkdjg n,j;a kskaodjla ;sf'
nfKka miq lrk f mQcdj k;r jqjfyd;a" mQcdj .ek n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka nK
lshkakka" ;ukag m%fhdack ke;s neka nK lSu k;r lrkjd we;' thu rgg
Yd, Y=N isoahls' tg" ks:YrKOHdYfhka lghq;= lrk W;= woyia we;s iaj,am
fofkl=ka muKla nK lshkjd we;' th fyd|gu m%udKj;ah'
f wd lreKq rdYshla i,ld n,d nKg miq lrk f mQcdj fkdbjiSug ud
;SrKh lr .;a ne okajkq leue;af;'
lshjkakd( tfia k Y%oaOdjf;la NslaIQkajykafia kulg mslrla mQcd lrkafka flfiao@
l;D(

mslrla mQcd lsug Oudikh yer ;j;a ;eka fndfyda h' mkai,g wjq;a mslrla
mQcd l< yel' NslaIqj f.org jevujdf.k f.dia mQcdjla l<yel' u. mQcdjla l<
yel' nK lshd bjr jQ f,dj yer" mslrla mQcd lsug ;j;a iqiq f,dj,a
fndfyda h' nKg miq mslr ms<s.ekSu kqiqiqh lSfuka" yeu g u kqiqiqhs jrojd
f;are fkd .; hq;=hs'

3
;%sO r;akhg lrk wmydi
wm rfgys km;d iy i;sm;d mj;ajk OufoaYkd;a mskaluq;a ish oyia .Kkla jqj;a" yeu
.ula mdidu jdf.a mkai,la we;;a" wkqYdil NslaIqmlaIh ;siaoyilg wl jqj;a" p; Y=oah

w;ska k ie,lsh hq;= lsis;a hqKqjla we;s ne fkd fmfka( h<s" wfma f Ouoamh wmrdO
w;ska ckdkqmd;h wkqj k f,dalfha ;=kajeks y;rjeks ;;a;ajhg je ;sf' fuys ryi
l=ulao@ fuhg fya;=j l=ulao@
fuys jro tl mlaIhlg muKla mejeu iqiq fkdf' .sys me fomlaIhu tl;= wd.l
lghq;= ms<sfj< lKmsg fmr<df.k l%shd lr;s' Ouh nqrcdKka jykafia woyia l< foh
msKsi fkdj" ;u ;ukaf.a mqoa.,sl woyia msKsi fhdo;s' ksiqka isf;ka uqod" iqis;g
fhduqfldg Ouh mqre lrf mrud:fhka mgka .efkk Ou foaYkdm<j,a lShla we;ao@
mkai,l nK ms<sfj<la mgka.;a g" tA .ek wdrx wik ksiaiq zztA nK ms<f
s jf<a woyi
fudl@hs m%Yak lr;sZZ f m%Yakh bm;a jkafkau wfma jevms<sfj< fkdmsg fmr<df.k
;sfnk neks' nK ms<sfjf<a woyi .=KOuhhs( th tlu woyihs( tys fofjks woyila ke;'
kuq;a wo OufoaYkdj m%;sm;a;sh msKsi fkdj fjk whq;= foh msKsi fhdok neka hglS
m%Yakh mek kshs'
OufoaYkd mx;shla inkaOfhka uqKh lrk ,o iuyr kau m;%hl uq,ska tA nK
ms<sfj< mgka .kakd ,oafoa ydrhla" mkai,la" fmd;a.=,la" ke;ak fndafldgqjla fyda od.enla
f.dvke.Sug wdOdr .ekSf woyiska ne i|yka fjhs' fuh fld;r lk.dgqodhl"
wka;rdhlr jerulao@ nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a ;h jeks m%;sm;a;sh msKsiu fidhk ,o
Ouh" Wkajykafiaf.a mfha ,s jeks wdih msKsi fhu fld;r focklo@ nK weiSugh
lshd tn ;eklg tkakjqkaf.a .=KOuh .ek lsis;a n,dfmdfrd;a;j
= la ke;' f iudou
.ekSug" uqo,a iemhSug nKlSu Wmdhla lrf.k ;sfnk neka" OufoaYkdjhhs k lrk ,o
tA jHdcl%shdj fl<jr jk ;=re ld,h f.jd" foaYkdj w;f ke;fyd;a wka;fha iudo
ksiaiq wdmiq t;s' fuys ;j;a wfYdaNk oYkhla k NslaIQka jykafia OufoaYkdj fl<jr
fldg ksiqkaf.ka iudo .kakd ;=re iy wo Ou mQcdjhs jrojd klrk ,o l=,sh f.jk
;=re;a jd n,d ysuhs'
iudo .ekSugh lshd ksiqka f.kah fkdyels neka nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a ffkhdKsl
Ouh tA msKsi ovud lr .ks;s' wfyda fld;r ixf. cklo@ fuys m%Yakhla mek k.S( f
uqo,a iemhSu;a Ydikfha hqKqj msKsiu fkdfo@ hkqhs' Ydikh k ydr mkai,a fkdj
iqp;hhs" m%;sm;a;shhs' m%;sm;a;sh uqo,g .; fkdyel' fndfyda wh Ydikh jrojd f;aref.k
is;s' wkqrdOmqrfha uyd ydrh jeks ydr oyilgj;a" rejkaje,s uy od.en jeks fY%aIaG od.e
oyilgj;a nqoaO Ydikh tl fudfyd;la /l.; fkdyel' oUj ;snqKq oyia .Kka Yd,
f.dvke.s,s Ydikh /l.ekafuys fmdfydi;a jQfjdao@ Ydikh yqKq nodu f.dvj,a jeks
fkdjkd fohla fkdf' Ydikh k YS,hhs" iudhhs" m%{djhs' iudo lr.;a uqo,ska fjd
.; yelso @ ydr mkai,a fldmuK ;snqK;a" tA fya;=fjka Ydikfha hqKqjla ke;' tlu
ydrhla fyda mkai,la ke;;a" h kl ukqIHhd ;=< .=KOufhda fj;ak" tod Ydikh
judkj mj;shs'
f lSu ksid ydr mkai,a imQKfhkau kqjqjukdhhs jrojd f;are fkd.;hq;=hs' thska
tla;rd m%udKhl m%fhdackhla ;sf' th iSudj blaujd fY%aIaG fohla yehg jgyd
fkd.;hq;=hs' fldhs hlska kuq;a wmg ydr mkai,a jqjukd k" tA iq woyi .ek wm iska
nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a ffkhdKsl Ouh lsgq l<hq;= fkdf' Ouhg lsgla fkdjk m
wm iska tAjd ms<sfh<lr .;hq;=hs' iq fohla fjkqfjka Wiia" W;= fohla lsgq lsu
nrm;< w{dk luls' tla;rd fnoafola hka we,aug ;ekQ W.=f,a fl<jrl nrg f,day
ms<suhla ;nd hl= we,ah' Tyqf.a ySk woyi bgqjQ ne k we;a;ls' kuq;a th yo@ wfma jev
ms<sfj< fndfyda lreKqj,ska g iudkh' i,am,
s l nvq l=Kd .ekSug fyda f.dvke.s,a,lg
.fvd,a .ekSug ke;fyd;a mkaif,a yqKq.Eug jqjukd jQg nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a Ouh thg
Wmdhla lr .ks;s' Tjqkaf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=jo yhhs' kuq;a Tjqkag jrk ;ek Tjqyqu
fkdoks;s'
fndfyda ;ekaj, nK wik w;f lefrk iudou .ek is;d n,kq' ksiqka uy;a
Y%oaOdfjka" is; tlfldg nK wikg" tlaflfkla fyda lSmfofkla iudo j;a /f.k
u jd ysk ksiqka md.ka" l,n, lrka" ksiqka w;r wj;dr fuka yeisfrkakg mgka
.ks;s' uq msiu l,n,f' foaYlhka jykafiaf.a foaYkd ,diho p,khf'
nqrcdKkajykafia wkka; ld,hla uy;a lreKdfjka la| wmg ksjka f mrud:fhkau
foaYkd l< W;= Ouhg jvd i;hla W;=jQ ye'

nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a Ouh uqo,a iemhSf ud.hla lr.ekSu Nhdkl mdmhls' nK

lshk w;f Ouh fkd i,ld iudo lsu nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a jpkhg mhska .eiSuls'
tksid nK wik w;f f.fkk iudo jhg Y%oaOdj;a lsisjl= iska weyqlka fkdh
hq;=hs' nKg fkd i,ld iudo jhg ie,lSu Ouhg lrk wmydihls'
kg mj;akd jev ms<sfj< ksid mam;a Y%oaOdj;l=g nK wikag hdu wmyiq jevls' wf;a i,a,s
ke;sj wo nK wykagj;a hkag nehehs lshkjd fkdtla g wikakg ,ef' wfma jevms<sfj<
ksid is ;sfnk foh uo@
wo wfma isoaOia:dk kdv.m,j,a jeksh' isoaOia:dkhl meje;sh hq;= flh Ydka; .;sh fyda
;ekam;alu tA ;ekaj, ke;' uqo,a iudo lr.ekSug ,efnf;d;a fld;r fkdfydnkd
ysjla jqj;a l ke;' ka mskal hkafkka woyia lrkq ,nkafka uqo,hs' .;jQ khg jvd
wo remsh,a oyhla jemqr ,e k" todg jvd wo mskalu jdishehs lsh;s' fuys mskaluhhs
woyia lrkq ,nkafka uqo,a i wfklla fkdf' ydr ujl fnr.ika keu fyda mskq
.eiSu fudk ;r ysjlao@ we;e ydrj, f ys lrkafkda u;ameka .;a ksiaiqh' l=vd
<uhska ,jd nK wdrdOkd jYfhka pQKSldjla lSu fudk ;r ysjlahs is;d n,kq ueke'
u,aj fjkafoaish ;j;a wfYdaNk l%shdjls' f ys lrk" ydr mkai,aj,g fkdhkakg
fn!oaOhka is;g .; hq;=hs'
ydrhla foi n,kq( tys iEu ;eku ;:d.;hka jykafiag wmydi jk m uqo,a meyer
.ekSug fhdod ;sfnk W.=,ah' noaOmhxlfhka jevysk ms<suh bfha mska fmhZ hs jrojd
k lrk ,o fmhla ;sf' yhgu nqrcdKka jykafia uqo,a iudo lrkakg yev .eyS
jd yqkafklehs wf;ka wjq;a n,kakl=g jegfya' ;j;a ;ekl" uqo,a ug ;ckh
lrkakdla fuka w;lao Tijd .;a isms<suhla bfha fmhls' iuyr ydrhl fm y;rla
mylg;a jeh' fld;r kskaodjlao@ f ish,a, Wkajykafiaf.a Y%djlhka iska ;u ;ukaf.a
mqoa.,sl n,dfmdfrd;a;= ksid Ouh lKmsg fmr<d f.k ;%sO r;akhg lrkq ,nk kskaodh`
iudo jqjukd k" ydrhg fldfy;a inkaO ke;s f,i" fjku ;ekl fjku ldurhla
fmhla ;eh hq;=hs' iudo fldfy;au jqjukd ke;ehs lsisfgl fkdis;sh hq;=hs'
isoaOia:dkhkays lghq;=j,g uqo,a jqjukdh' kuq;a tA uqo,a iemhSu nqrcdKka jykafiag kskaod
fkdjk f,i" Ouh lsgq fkdjk f,i l<hq;=hs' nK wikaghhs rjgd ksiqka f.kajd f.k
m%fhda.fhka uqo,a iemhSu mdmhls' uqo,a iemhSug fjk fkdtla ud.fhda fj;s( nK lSj,g
l,j fkdfldg tA fjkqfjka fhdod .;a fYaI kl" fYaI ;ekl i,ams,a meje;ah hq;=hs'
iudo m;% .id lsKsh hq;=hs' iud. we;s fldg idudl uqo,a wh l< hq;=hs' Ouh
fkdl=Kd Ydikh fkdflf,id" kE flfkl=kag ydr mkai,a f.dvke.Sug uqo,a
fihyels mdrj,a fndfydah' isoaOia:dkhlg we;=jQ miq i;hla .ekj;a is;kakg wjldY
fkd;eu wd.f jkdlu" m;%lu /lSuls' ydrh ;=< ;sfnk fmj,g uqo,a fkdug
u;l ;nd.; hq;=hs'
.sys me fomlaIhu tl;=" ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a ffkhdKsl Ouh fjf<`odula" uqo,a
iemhSf ud.hla lrf.k is;s' we;=<; .=KOuhla .ek n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka nK lSula
fyda weiSula ke;' Ouh lKmsg fmr<d f.k l%shd flfr;s' wo .sys me fomlaIhu
idudkHfhka fn!oaO m%;sm;a;sfhys fkdj iS,n; mrudifhys fh is;s' i;a;ajhka ixidrhg
ne| ;nk oi ixfhdackhkaf.a ;=kajekak iS,n; mrudihhs' tk je ms" mskal"
W;aij" fmryr" fndamQcd jeks ndysr mqois;a" j;ams<sfj;a wdh Wiia f,i" wjYH f,i" w.h
fldg i,ld tys we,S .e,S isuhs' fuh kQ.;a" wkaOnd, mD:.ackhdg iajdNdl fohls' kg
fn!oaO hk kka lrk jevj,ska ishhg wkQjlg;a jvd iS,n; mrudihhs' wo f lrk jev
ms<sfj<ska fn!oaOhkag lsis;a iykhla fkd,ehyels ne kqjKska n,kakl=g k fyd|ye
fmfkhs'
f lreKq .ek kqjKska is;d ne,sh hq;=hs' l,amkd l< hq;=hs' uq,ska lereKq kuq;a" .gu jer
lr f.k hEu ;o fudavluls' wo f lrk wYdiksl" wOdl" i;HdjfndaOhg ndOljQ" ySkjQ"
wkdhjQ jev ms<sfj< ke;slr oukakg .sys me fomlaIhu jyd l%shd l< hq;=hs'

4
NslaIQkaf.a l=,fNaoh
l=,fNaohg nqoaOYdikfhys lsis;a wjirhla ke;s ne br y| fuka m%lg i;Hhls' fkd.sKsh
yels ;r >ld,hl mgka oUj n,meje;ajQ l=,fNaoh nqrcdKka jykafia mhg mEf.k
,s ;rj;a fkdie,l+ fial' n%yauK" laI;%sh" ffjYH" Y= ish,a,ka uyK fldg" lsis;a
fjkila ke;sj tlg j;a jkakg" tlg lE" mS" b" ysgq lrkakg ie,iajQfial' rc.y
kqjr iqkS; k pKavd,hd ^frdhd" mxpuhd& jeisls<s iy le,sli< Y=oaO lrkafkla h'
msvqisd jk nqrcdKka jykafiag kla Tyq uqK .eiqfKah' Wkajykafia f w;sYhskau
my;ahhs iu; pKavd,hd ydrhg le|jdf.k f.dia uyK l<fial' nqoaOYdikfhys kh
Orhkaf.ka w.%ia:dkfhys is Wmd,s ia:rhka jykafia flia /jq,a lmk mkslalsfhla h'
ij{ Ydikh msysgd ;sfnk n,imkak ia;Nhkaf.ka tlla k cd;sfNaoh fyda l=,fNaoh
ke;sluhs' bv,enqKq yeu wjia:djlu Ydia;Dka jykafia l=,fNaohg reoaOj igka l<fial'
Wkajykafiaf.a ;fhka Yd, fldgila f fjkqfjka .;lrk ,' l=,fNaohg reoaOj
mj;ajk ,o foaYkdfjda ;%smsglfhys yeu ;eku mdfya olakd ,efn;a'
kuq;a tA Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a Y%djl ix>hd yehg wo ,laj fmkS isk NslaIQka w;r
l=,fNaoh" .syska w;r fukau" ke;fyd;a Bg;a jvd n,imkakj l%shdlrk ne lshkakg u
ienekau b;d lK.dgqodhl isoahls' ish" wurmqr" rdu[a[ hka ;=ka ksldfhau l=,fNaoh
mj;akd j. wf;ka fidhd .kakd ,oaola fkdf' wurmqr rdu[a[ foksldfhys pd;%hla
yehg l=,fNaoh ke;;a" fndfyda ;ekaj, mkai,la mdid l=,fNaoh mj;akd ne fkdryils'
fld<U k.rfha wurmqr ksldhg wh;a yeu mkai,lau mdfya fYaIfhka hlsis l=,hl
NslaIQka fjkqfjka tA l=,hg wh;a odhlhka iskau f.dvk.k ,oaols' fuh fndfyda fok
okakd i;Hhls' tl tl l=,hg tl tl mkai, ne.ska mek ke.Sf Nhdkl is; yeu
m<d;aj,u me;s hkq lau uy;a lk.dgqjls' wurmqr" rdu[a[ foksldfhys uyK Wmimod
lsf pd;%hla yehg m%isoaOj l=,fNaoh fkdmeje;ajqjo" wNHka;lj k tyso l=,fNaoh
fkdwvqju l%shd lrhs'
fuys ug fYaIfhka jqjukd lrkafka" Wkajykafia,df.a wjirh msg" ish ksldfha Ydiksl
pd;%hla yehg mj;ajk l=,fNaoh inkaOfhka l:dlsuhs' f.dhs.u l=,hg wh;a fkdjQ" Bg
jvd my;ahhs whq;= f,i is;k lsisu l=,hl whg uyK-Wmimodj fkdu ish ksldfha
mrmrd.; Ydiksl pd;%hla yehg mj;ajkq ,ef' lsisl,l f,dalfha l=,fNaoh iyuq,ska
ke;s l< yelehs uu fkdis;' kuq;a nqrcdKka jykafia jeks fYa%IaG Ydia;DDjrfhl=f.a
Ydikfhys pd;%hla yehg l=,fNaoh meje;au ienekau bjish fkdfyk nrm;, mdmhls'
f is; nqoaOYdikhg lrk n,j;a wmydihls" nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a Ouhg mhska .eiSuls'
ish ksldfha uy f;reka jykafia,d Ydik Y%S NdrOdka yehg wyxldrj l:d lr;s' kuq;a
we;a;jYfhka Wkajykafia,d f wYdiksl" wjdikdjka; pd;%h meje;au ksid nqoaO Ydikh
keue;s f.dvke.s,af,a Yd, fldgila iyuq,ska |fy<k ne uu hgy;aj" wjxlj lsh'
Wkajykafia,d nqoaO Ydikh ke;s lrka th rlskakka yehg fmkSisk ne m%isoafha
lshkakg u uf.a is;g f,dl= fokdjls' ug l:djla isys fjhs( tla;rd llfhla kh
ms<sn| ia;rhla lrka" k rf ksiqka b;d lfia j;a jk nj;a" iuyr g we;e mam;a
ksiqka j;au msKsi fmdfydi;=kf
a .a jqjukdj,g uefrk nj;a lSfhah' j;au msKsi
uefrkjdh lSu fyd| iskdjls' tfiau ish ksldfha NslaIQkajykafia,do Ydikhg w;sYhska
reoaO jQ l=,fNaohla bm;a fldg l%shd lrka" thska u Ydikfha n,j;a mokula | fy<d
oud" wms Ydikh rlsuqhZhs kqjKe;shka iskiaika m%ldY lr;s' Wkajykafia,d Ydikh fkdj
f.dhs.u l=,h rlsk nj;a" f.dhs.u l=,fhka msg whg uyK-Wmimodj fkdf l%shdfjkau
Wkajykafia,d Ydikh lvlrk nj;a" Ydikh ke;s lrk nj;a uu Wkajykafia,dg b;d
hgy;aj kq fo'
fuh isxy, rcl= iska kshu lrk ,oaola nj;a" mrmrd.;j meje; f.k tk is;la nj;a
Wkajykafia,d lsh;s' kuq;a wm .re lrkafka rdcd{djgo@ nqoaOd{djgo@ nqoaO Ouh md.d oud"
udkuofhka u;aj uq<d jQ mD:.ack rcl=f.a jpkhla .relsu" weoySu Wkajykafia,dg fudk

;r kskaodjlao@ fmr isg mej;a tk ne lshd hlsis je/ is;la fkdlvjd meje;au
;S:l Ouhls' ld,dfYdal rcq oji ;S:lhka iska nqoaOYdikhg tla lrk ,o oY
jia;+kaf.ka tlla k lmam;s wdKaK lmafmda hkakhs' tk mrmrdf mej; tk fldhs
is;la kuq;a lemh hkqhs' f l=,fNaoh meje;af is; nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a Ouhg"
khg yeu w;skau reoaO ne ish ksldhsl W.;a NslaIQkajykafia,d fydkau oks;s' tfia k
k;a mrmrdf mej; wd neka th lv lsug Nh fjf;d;a" tys Wkajykafia,d ;S:l
Ouhla ms<snk ne lshkakg u .ek uu Wkajykafia,df.ka iudj wh'
l=,mq;%hd uyK l<hq;= ne Wkajykafia,d lsh;s' cd;s l=,mq;%h" wdpdr l=,mq;%hhs
l=,mq;%hd fojeoEre fjhs' f,dalfhys Wiiahhs iu; l=,hl Wmka ;eke;af;a cd;s l=,mq;%hs'
Wmka l=,l l=ula jqj;a hym;a yefuka yd yeisfuka hq;a ;eke;af;a wdpdr l=,mq;%hs'
W;am;a;sfhka Wiia l=,hl jqjo" yefuka my;a k" fyf;f uyK lug iqiq fkdfjhs'
W;am;a;sfhka my;a l=,hl jqjo yefuka Wiia k" fyf;f iqiq fjhs' fufia n,k g
Ydiksl meoao inkaOfhka p;h i" lsisfia;a Wmka l=,h .ek l;djla bm;a fkdfjhs'
iHduksldhsl NslaIQka jykafia,d f l=,fNaoh mj;ajk wkaou iskdjg lreKls'
Wkajykafia,d f.dhs.u fkdjQjka me Wmimka fkdlr;s' kuq;a my;ahhs is;k tA
ksiqkaf.ka lE" " b" ysgq wd ix.%y ,nkakg;a" Tjqka iska f.dvk.k ,o mkai,aj,
iemfia j;a jkakg;a" Tjqkaf.a r:jdykj, .uka lrkakg;a" Tjqkaf.ka ;j;a fkdtla foa
,nkakg;a lsis;a ,cdjla ke;sj i;=gq fj;s' my;a hhs iu; Wiia f.orl jevldrlug
isk f.dhs.u <uhd Wkajykafia,d melr .ks;s( kuq;a tA f.or iajdhdf.a <uhd me
lsu fkdksis jevla yehg meyer y;s'
l=,fNaoh isxy,hkaf.a hqKqjg n,j;a ndOdjla ;sf' isxy,hka w;r l=,fNaoh ;yjqre
lrkakka NslaIQka jykafia,d ne fydka is;d n,kakl=g k ryila fkdf' wfkla l=,j,
wh ish ksldfha uyK fkdlsu ksid ,laj l=,fNaoh oreKq fjhs' ,laj l=,fNaoh ;=kS
fldg uyckhd w;r iu.sh yd iudodkh msysg
q f fY%aIaGNdrh imQKfhkau jdf.a ish
ksldfha uy f;rekajykafia,d msg rod mj;akd ne i,l;ajd'
f,dalfha W.;a" YS,dpdr" Wiia" ksiaiq ish ksldfha l=,fNaoh .ek wid wm isk
my;a ;;a;ajh .ek wkqlmd lr;s' ish ksldfha f is; YS,dpdr ksiqka w;rg ms<sl=,ls"
kskaodjls' f m%Yakh .ek ;jrg;a is;d n,k g" ish ksldh f ldrKh inkaOfhka
fn!oaO kdufhka fndfyda wE;aj isk ne lshkakg u ienekau lk.dgqjls' ish ksldfha
l=,fNaoh ke;s NslaIQka jykafia,d fndfyda isk ne fuys wu;l l<hq;= fkdf'
Wkajykafia,dg wmf.a kuialdrh ysh'
ish ksldfha f wjdikdjka; is; f;dla mj;ajd f.k wd kuq;a wkd.;fha th lv
lrkakg isjk ne ;rfhau Yajdi lr'
ish ksldfha f l=,fNaoh mj;akd ;=re wfkla l=,hkays ksiqkag ys;j;aj tA ksldh wdY%h
l< fkdyel' f mdmfhka ;=rka jk ;=re isxy,hka w;r wjxl" iar iu.shla
n,dfmdfrd;a;=u W.yghs' wkdhjQ" wYdiksljQ f Nhdkl mdmh uq,skqmqgd oukakg
YdikdNsjDoald" Y%oaOdj;a" i;amqreI .sys me W;=uka jy jyd bm;a l%shd l< hq;=hs'

5
mskal yd m%d:kd
lshjkakd( ;udg mska n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka hula lsu imQK msiq woyila fkdjk nj;a"
m%d:kd lsu" wka;su jYfhka ksjka m%d:kd lsu mjd fn!oaO woyila fkdjk
nj;a Tn lshkafkysh' fuh ug f;are .; fkdyel' lreKdlr Tnf.a woyi
myod fokafkyso@

l;D(

T( uu th f;dard fokakg jEh lr' kuq;a th jpkhlska follska l< yelalla

fkdf' i;Hh fif wNs,dIfhka" lsis;a neula ke;sj" ksoyiaj idlPd
lsfuka miq kqjKska is;d ne g th jegfykjd we;' fmd;m;ska fyda
.=reuqLfhka W.;a foa muKla i;Hhhs is;d f.k l,skau i;Hhg iSudjla ;nd.;a
mqoa.,hl=g ljodj;a i;Hh wjfndaO l< fkd yel' tksid lsisjlg;a jd,a fkd
ksoyiaj is;kakg mqre h hq;=hs'
;udg mska n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka hula lsu imQK msiq woyila fkdjk nj;a"
m%d:kd lsu" wka;su jYfhka ksjka m%d:kd lsu mjd fn!oaO woyila fkdjk
nj;a uu f;dard fokak' tA .ek wms uq, mgkau l;d lruq'
ksiaiq fkdtla wkaof fjf<`od lr;s( yd,a is,a,r" we me< wdydr mdk
j. iy uyckhdg jqjukd fjk;a fkdtla foa" cd;s l=,fNaod lsis;a fkdi,ld
yeu fokdgu l=K;s' f l%shdjg mskaluh fkd lshkafka wehs@

lshjkakd( th ;ukag ,dNhla" m%fhdackhla n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka lrk jevla ksihs'

l;D(

y( tA woyi ljqre;a lsis reoaOhla ke;sj ms<s.ks;s' tfiau hfula" fjf<`odfuka

jdf.a uqo,skau kqjQj;a" wka whqrlska fuf,df ,dNhla" lS;shla" m%Yxidjla
n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka wirKhl=g Wojla lrkafkahhs is;uq' th msis woyilahhs
Tn ms<s.kafkyso@

lshjkakd( ienekau ke;' th msis woyila fkdf' th ;ukag fuf,dj hula

n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka lrk jevls' th;a fjf<`odula iudkhs'
l;D(

fyd|hs( hfula mrf,dj iem n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka wirKhl=g Wojla lrkafka hhs

is;uq' tA .ek Tnf.a woyi l=ulao@

lshjkakd( tys jrola ug k fkdf;af' ljqreka jqj;a mskaoy lrkafka mrf,dj msKsi
fkdfjhso@
l;D(

kuq;a tho msiq woyila fkdf' fuf,dj jqj;a mrf,dj jqj;a tA n,dfmdfrd;a;=j
wd;audYdjhs' fuf,dj n,dfmdfrd;a;=ug jvd mrf,dj n,dfmdfrd;a;=f we;s
fjki k iaj,amhla l,au muKls' Okj;a;= nexl=f uqo,a ;ekam;a fldg"
jIhla folla miq fmd,S iu. Yd, uqo,la .kakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= fj;s' tfia
lrkafka nexl=jg fkdj ;udg wdorh ksihs' hlsis jevla fldg mrf,dj
;ukakg iem n,dfmdfrd;a;=u;a g fofjks fkdf' wm f jev lrkafka
fuf,dj hula n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka fkdj mrf,dj iem ;ldf.khhs msiq
woyila yehg fndfyda fok fkdtla ;ekaj, lshkjd wikakg ,ef' kuq;a
mrf,dj iem n,dfmdfrd;a;=u hkafkys f;areu k" ,nk ;fha fydka lE
" bv lv" r: jdyk" f.j,a fodrj,a" we me< hkdh ,nkakg
n,dfmdfrd;a;= uhs' fjd fuys ,nkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqj;a tys ,nkakg
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqj;a tA fofla ie,lsh hq;= fjkila ke;'

lshjkakd( t;fldg luM, weoySula keoao @

l;D(

luM, weoySu k iEu l%shdjlg Bg iqiq M,hla we;s ne f;are .ekSuhs' fuh
fu;r W;a;uh" fu;r ySkh( fuh fu;r wjYHh" fu;r wkjYHh( hkdka
hlsis l%shdjl we;s ;;= jgyd .ekSu luM, weoySuhs' th m%{djhs' th fuf,dj
jYfhka jqj;a mrf,dj jYfhka jqj;a l ke;' luM, weoySuh lshkafka hlsis
l%shdjl M,hg f,d,au fkdf' M,hg f,d,au ;DIKdjhs' m%{df;a ;DIaKdf;a
Yd, fjkila ;sf' M,hg f,d,a lrk jevh fjf<`oduls' wirKhl=g Wo
lsu hym;a jevla jqj;a thska ;udg jdishla n,dfmdfrd;a;=u msiq woyila
fkdf'

yskafkl=g i; myla fokafka ;udg mrf,dj iem n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka k tA

woyfia jkd lula ke;' i; my ;ud < ;snqKg jvd f fuka ;udgu jdis
neka tfia l<d i" th yskakd flfrys kshu lreKdfjka l< jevla fkdf'
;udf.a fof,dj .ukg yskakd Wmdhla fldg u t<slr .;a;d i" yskakd
flfrys kshu wkqlmdjla tys ke;' kuq;a tA wirKhdg u ;udf.a m;lg fya;=
jqj;a" Bg fkdnd" fkdmels<" ;udg ,efnk mdlh .ek lsis;a fkdi,ld" tA
wirKhd flfrys yq wkqlmdfjka lreKdfjka th lsu yenE W;a;u woyihs'
thu fY%IaGhs'
YslaIdmo /lSu ms<sn|jo fufiauhs' hfula i;=ka fkdurkafka i;=ka flfrys we;s
lreKdj ksid fkdj ;udg isjk mjg Nhska k" tys W;= woyila ke;' kla
;%hl= iu. ud l:dlrka ish t;ekg l=Iagfrda.fhka fmf<k n,af,la
meKsfhah' udf.a ;%hd uy;a ms<sl=,lska yd fkdukdmhlska n,a,d foi rjd n,d"
ug mjq is fkdfjf;d;a uu uQ urkafkuehs lSh' ienekau Tyq is;ska m%dK>d;h
flf<ah' Tyq YslaId mofha wl=re i idrh k fkdrlshs' i;=ka ueu ;udg mjq is
fkdjk l%shdjla k Tyq lsis;a mels<Sula ke;sj i;=ka urkafkah' kuq;a
i;amqreIfhla k" i;=ka uefuka ;udg mska is fj;ehs lSjo" yq lreKdj ksid
i;=ka fkdurkafkah' ffu;%S lrkafka ;udg mska .ekSug fkdj wkqkag hym;
msKsihs' yeu .=KOuhla inkaOfhkau fuh fufia ne tl jrgu
fkdjegyqK;a .eUqre f,i l,amkd lsf meye,s fjkjd we;'
lshjkakd( t;fldg mjg Nh ksid mka je<lSu jero@
l;D(

ke;( ke;( f lreKq b;d l,amkdfjka f;are .; hq;=hs' fndfyda fok uf.a
woyia jrojd f;are .ekSu .ek uu lK.dgq fj' ;udg isjk mjg Nhskaj;a
je/j,ska je<lSu tAjd lsug jvd yeu w;skau w.fkah' ud lshkafka tys m;%
Wiia ;;a;ajh .ekhs' wirKfhl=g Wo fkdlr isug jvd fuf,dj ,dN lS;s
m%Yxid n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka jqj;a Wo lsu jgfkah' kuq;a ud lshkafka tA woyi
imQKfhka m;% ke;s njhs' tA i th fkdl< hq;= nj fkdf' fjd ms<sn|
m;%;ajh wjfndaO lr .kakd ;=re fld;r foa l<;a" Tyqg i;Hh lal fkdyel'

lshjkakd( kuq;a idudkH flfkl=g fjd f;are f.k lghq;= lsu b;du wmyiq fkdfo@
l;D(

ienekau th tfiah' f woyia idudkH whg fkdj fYaI whghs'

m[a[djka;iaidhx Ofud" kdhx Ofud mam[a[iaif Ouh kqjKe;shkag i
kqjK ke;shkag fkdfhhs nqrcdKkajykafia foaYkd l<fial' idudkH whg
f;are .ekSug myiqjk m i;Hh fjkia l< fkdyel' idudkH ksid fYaI
;;a;ajhlg meKsodg i;Hh jegfykjd we;' ldg;a jegfyk m i;Hh
lshkakg hEfuka fndfyda wh wi;Hhla m%ldY lr;s' i;Hh mj;akd Wiia
;;a;ajhg ksid ke. th olskq i" ksid isk my;a ;;a;j
a hg i;Hh fy<kq
fkdfhfohs' tfia lrkakg hEfuka Ouh fkdj wOuhla bm;a fjhs'

lshjkakd( t;fldg mska n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka hula lsu msiq woyila fkd fjhso@
l;D(

mska ,nk woyiska jev lrkakdf.a is; lsgq fjhs' msk fld;r Wiia msiq
fohla jqj;a th ;udg ,nd.kakg kElu wd;audYdjhs' ;ud lrk l%shdfjka ;udg
,efnk mdlh fkdj" tA l%shdf we;s jkdlu ie,lSu fY%aIaG woyihs' ;ud lrk
jevh wkqkag hym;la k" hq;=lula k" mdlfhka ;udg ,efnkafka wmdho"
iaj.ho" ksjkhs M,h .ek lsis;a fkd i,ld th lsu W;a;u .;shhs' mrf,dj
,laI .Kka ,nkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka fuys remsh,la ho lsu fudk W;=
woyilao@ iaj.h fyda ksjdKh ,nk n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka wirKhl=g ie,lSu
;udf.a jdishg jev lsula i W;= woyila fkdf' ljqre jqj;a ;ukaf.a jdishg
jev lr;s'
;udg lsis;a mskla n,dfmdfrd;a;= ke;sj" wkHhd flfrys lreKdfjka" msiq
woyiska lrk l%shdju fY%aIaG mskaluhs' ug tla;rd m%jD;a;shla isys fjhs(

m,af,m;a;=f .ldh iNdf wdrdOkh m uu tA m<df;a OufoaYkd mx;shla

i|yd i;shla muK weye,shf.dv k;rj isfh' tA m<df;a wirKhkag m;l
msysgu i|yd wruqo,la we;s lsf n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka tA ojiaj, wirK irK
Wmjdihla mgka .kakd,' f Wmjdihg inkaOjQ wh f,la ksrdydrj isg tA
ff,a lEu hou wruqo,g m;Hd. l<y' f Wmjdihg uu;a iyNd.S ' tA
ojiaj, iNdf wh k kshulrf.k uf.a odkh ms<sfh< l<y' Wmjdi kfhys
okaug Ndrf.k is odhlhd le|jd" ud tk oka fkdms<s.kakd nj;a" odkfha
hou wruqo,g m;Hd. l< hq;= nj;a lreKdfjka lS' kuq;a odhlhd b;d
lk.dgqjg meK fkdtla we,s nia lshd" ug tA odkh fuka ;udg Yd, mskla
lr .kakg ,efnk ne lSh' T( th we;a;hs' kuq;a Tng ,efnk tA ,dNh" msk"
f wirKhka fjkqfjka w;aykag ne @hs uu wdorfhka weiS' tfia k"
iajdks" tA udf.a msk w;ayer oud" odkfha hou wirKhka fjkqfjka wruqo,g
m;Hd. lrkafkhs f W;a;u i;amqreIhd lSh' ienekau fuh k fY%aIaG
mskaluls' wr odkh ug jvd fY%AIaG mskaluls' Ok OdkHhkag jvd ;ud W;=fldg
i,lk msk wirKhka fjkqfjka yer fuka Tyqf.a is;ays fld;r Yla;h
s la"
m;%lula" ksf,daNSlula we;shs is;d n,kq uek' kuq;a Tyq tA msk w;a yeuu
Yd, mskla ne uu odhlhdg fkd lS' ulaksido @ th fmkajd kfyd;a kej;
jrla Bg wdYd lsfuka Tyq is; lsgq lr .kakd fyhsks'
ug k f isoah Yd, bf.kSuls' fmd;a ishhla yeoEfukaj;a fu;r w.kd
mdvula bf.k .kakg ,efnkjd we;ehs is;Su Ialrh' ;udf.a msk .ek
fkdi,ld wirKhka flfrys lreKdfjka f hq;=lu bgq lsu ksid tA hym;a
ukqIHhd ksjkg" i;Hhg <xh' kuq;a fuh f;are .ekSu t;r myiq fkdf'
fkarxckd ;Srfhys m%Oka H jvka is Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia lrd kla udrhd
wjq;a tA Hh yeroud f.dia mska lrkakg lshd Wkajykafiag wjjdo flf<ah'
Wkajykafia udrhdg ms<s;=re foka wkqu;af;akms mq[af[k" w;af:d uhayx k
c;s hs ;uka jykafiag lsis;a msklska w:hla ke;ehs jod<fial' fY%aIaG
mqreIhdg jqjukd lrkafka msk fkdj l%shdjhs' ;udf.a mskg .scqu ySk woyils'
lshjkakd( tA fldhsye fj;;a" ksjka me;Su .ek Tnf.a woyi ms<s.kakg wudre ne fmfka'
l;D(

T( th f;are .ekSu myiq fkdf' fuf,dj jYfhka ,dN" m%fhdack ;ld

jevlsu W;= woyila fkdjk ne t;r hqKq fkdjQjl=g;a jegfyhs' ;j lla
{dKh hqKq jQ g mrf,dj jYfhka n,dfmdfrd;a;= u;a tnu woyila ne
jegfyhs' tA;a ksjka me;Su wd;audYdjla ne fkdjegfyhs' ;jrg;a kqjKska is;d
n,k g" ksjk me;Su mjd tla;rd n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla nj;a" tla;rd m%udKhl
wd;audYdjla nj;a" jegfykjd we;'

lshjkakd( ksjdKh k l=ulao@

l;D(

th k f,dflda;a;r ksoyihs' kuq;a tA .ek uu ka lsis;a fkdlsh' fuys ug

jqjukd lrkafka ksjk fld;r W;= Ouhla jqj;a" hul=g odkhla " ke;fyd;a
tn hym;a jevla fldg" thska ;udg ksjka n,dfmdfrd;a;
= u imQKfhka msis
woyila fkdjk nj myod uhs'

lshjkakd( ksjk fn!oaOhdf.a fl<jrhs' tA .ek n,dfmdfrd;a;= u msis woyila fkdjk

ne ug k fkdf;af'
l;D(

ksjk fn!oaOhdf.a muKla fkdj ldf.a;a fl<jrhs' th ,eug fkdj" f,dalhg

hym;la neka Oufha .uka lrkakdg tA .uk imQKjQ g ksjk olskakg
,efnkjd we;'

lshjkakd( n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ke;sj f f,dalfha lsisjla iM, lr .; fkdyel' wij,a

;ekg h hs is;d fkd f.k f.hska msgjQ mqoa.,hd fld;kska f.dia fld;kl

kj;Shs Tyqu fkdokshs' tfukau" wfkla m%d:kdjka fldhs ye fj;;a" ksjdKh

fkdm;kakd .ek n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ke;'
l;D(

i;Hh f;are .ekSug Wmud j,ska je msysgla n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdh hq;=hs'

Wmudj,ska m%fhdack ke;ehs uu fkdlsh' kuq;a tA yeu;eku fkdf' Tn lajQ
Wmudfjka ksjka me;sh hq;=hhs hful=g isf;kjd we;' f,dalfha hlsis ;eklg
hdug ud.fhda fndfydah' tfiau fkdtla w;g hk ud.fhda;a we;' kuq;a ksjkg
ud. folla ke;' we;af;a tAldhk ud.hhs' tA u.ska hefjkafka ksjkguh' fjk
;eklg hdfkdyel' tksid fun Wmudjla fu;r ishq Ouhla yd ii|kakg
hEu i;=gqodhl fkdf' kuq;a jqjukd k wfkla mlaIhgo Wmud lah yel'
l=i.skafkka fmf<k ksfila l=i.sks ksug iEfyk wdydrhla ,en j<|hs' b;ska
Tyq 'uf.a l=i.sks ksfjd lshd m%d:kd lrkakg;a kEo@ ke;' f.dfhla ksis
m l=Uqrla ms<sfh< fldg jmqrhs' Tyq jevl, wkaoug wiajekak ,efnkjd we;'
wiajekak ,efjd' lshd Tyq m%d:kd lrf;d;a th fld;r kqjqukd jevlao@
tfukau ksjka lSug ;r is; hqKqk" tA is;g fkdjeru ksjka wjfndaO
fjkjd we;' th je<elah fkdyel' tA .ek m%d:kdjla fldfy;a u jqjukd
fkdfjhs'
fuys g jvd ie,lsh hq;= idrj;a lreKla ;sf' f,!lsl Ouhkaf.a;a
f,daflda;a;r Ouhkaf.a;a tlsfklg Yd, fjkila mj;akd ne ljqre;a
ms<s.ks;s' tA Ouhkaf.a fjkila mj;akdla fukau tA Ouhka ,nk ud.hkaf.ao
tlsfklg Yd, fjkila mj;akd ne ms<s.; hq;=hs' f,!lsl Ouh
imQKfhkau f,daflda;a;r Ouhg m%;sreoaOh' tfukau f,!lsl Ouh ,nk
ud.ho f,daflda;a;r Ouh ,nk ud.hg brdu m%;sreoaOh' w[a[d ys
,dNqmksid" w[a[d ksndk.dkS" ksjka ,nk ud.h" ,dN m%fhdack ,nk
ud.hg jvd tAldka;fhkau fjkiahhs ;:d.;hka jykafia jod, nj ie,lsh
hq;=hs' f,!lsl woyila bgqlr .ekSu msKsi k tA .ek m%d:kdjla
n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ;sh hq;= ne uu tlfy,d ms,s.ks' kuq;a f,daflda;a;r
Ouhka ,eug tA ms,sn|j we;s m%d:kdj" n,dfmdfrd;a;=j imQKfhkau ke;s
h hq;=hs' ksjdkh ish
q Ouhla fukau tA .ek ukqIHhd ;=, we;s wdYdjo ishq
h' th laf,aYhla ne f;are .ekSu Ialrj mj;skafka tfyhsks' ksjka olskag
kE h' hk woyiska hul= fld;r jEh l<;a" Tyqg th ,eh fkdyel' ug
ksjka kE' hk woyi b;d ishq wd;audYdjls' tA wd;audYdj ke;s lrk ;=re ksjka
wjfndaO fkdf'

lshjkakd( t;fldg Y%djl p;j, olakg ,efnk m" wij,a ry;ka jykafia wij,a
nqkaf.a ld,fha l< m%d:kdjla f ld,fha fufia iM, h hkd jYfhka
;sfnk l:d jia;+ka inkaOfhka Tn l=ula is;kafkyso@
l;D(

l:d jia;=jlska i;Hh ueksh fkdyel' i;Hfhka l:d jia;=j ueksh hq;=hs' i;Hh
m%Odkhs' l:dj wm%Odkhs' l:dj Ouh fkdf' th m%jD;a;shls' tA ,sh ;sfnk
m%jD;a;sj, hlsis i;Hhla we;ahs Oufhka i|kq i" m%jD;a;sj,ska Ouh
i|kakg hEu wka;rdodhl jevls'

lshjkakd( m%d:kd lsu nqoaOd.f b;d n,j;a Ouhla nj;a" m%d:kd fkdlrkakdg ksjka
,eh fkdyels nj;a iuyre ,sh;s" lsh;s' f .ek Tnf.a woyi l=ula o@
l;D(

tfia lshkakka Ouh fln fohla hs fkdokakd ne uu hgy;aj lsh' wdh

wIagdx.sl ud.h nqoaOd.f ksjka uhs' th imQK ud.hhs' tys lsis;a wvqjla
ke;' m%d:kd fkdlrkakdg ksjka ,eh fkdyels k" m%d:kdj ksjka uf.ys
b;du wjYH m%uqL wx.hla h hq;=hs' tfia k th iHla m%d:kd fyda fjk
kulska wdh wIagdx.sl ud.fhys nqrcdKka jykafia iska tla wx.hla yehg
foaYkd l< hq;=hs' kuq;a wdh wIagdx.sl ud.fhys m%d:kdj .ek lsis;a i|yka
ke;' m%d:kd fkdlrkakdg ksjka ,eh fkdyelehs Wkajkafkda wfn!oaO u;hla
W.kaj;s'

lshjkakd( m%d:kd fkd lrkakdf.a l=i, luhkays kshu mdlh fkd,efhhs iuyre
lsh;s'
l;D(

tfia k l=i,a ms,sn|j muKla wehs@ wl=i,a ms,sn|jo tfiau lshhq;=hs' kuq;a tfia
lshkafkda lu M, fkdwoykafkdah' lufha M,h ,eug m%d:kdjla l=ugo@
luhg kshu M,h yg.ekSu luM,hka ms<sn| Ouhhs' l=i,a wl=i,a fomlaIhu
ms<sn|j th tfiauh' hlsis is;la ksjka lSug ;r hqKq k" tA is;g ksjka
fmkSu tAldka;hs'
hfula ksjka uf.ys" wdh wIagdx.sl ud.fhys .uka lrhs k" hul=f.a is;
tmuKg hqKq we;ak" Tyq ksjkg fkdmeK fkdkj;shs' tA .ek wuq;=
m%d:kdjla kqjqjukdh' ixidrfha yeisfrk wms fkdfhla wd;auj, ksjka m%d:kd
lf,uq' kuq;a wmg thska ksjka ,eh yelso@ jqjukd lrkafka m%d:kdj fkdj
Ouud.fhys .uka lsuhs' m%d:kdj k hd{dfu lD;shls'
is;d ne,Sug uu Tng Wmud l:djla lsh' Tn;a uu;a w;sYhskau ys;j;a ;%fhda
fjuq' nqrcdKka jykafia bfha Tng ksjka ,efnkakghhs' tg Tn fufia
lshkafkysh( uf.a ;%hdg ksjka fkd,efnf;d;a ug muKla ksjkska l ke;'
bla;s nqrcdkka jykafia fufia jodrK fial' T( Tn leue;s k Tng ,efnk
ksjk Tnf.a ;%hdg mejh yel' ^fuh ljodj;a ish yelalla fkdf'& kuq;a wo
Tng ,efnk f ksjk ;%hdg kfyd;a" ka miq lsis l,l Tng ksjka lal
fkdyel' fuys Tn fufia is;kafkysh( wo ug ,efnk f ksjk uf.a ;%hdg
kfyd;a ka miq lsis l,l ug ksjka fkd,efnhs' miqj ksjka ,nkakg Tyqg bv"
uu ka ksjka ,n' f is;s,a, iu.u Tn ksjdKfhka fhdka oyia .Kkla
wE;a jkafkysh' kuq;a" ug ljodj;a ksjka ,eh fkd yels jqj;a" ka miq
iodl,aysu wmdfha la kakg is jqj;a"
ug ,efnk f ksjk uf.a ;%hdg fohs' Tn is;j
= fyd;a Tng idudkHfhka ksjk
muKla fkdj" f,djq;=rd nqoaO rdPHo ,efnkafkah' f l:dj .ek lla rg is;d
n,k g b;d ishq Ouhla meye,s fjhs' ksjk ug kEhhs is;kakdg th
fkd,efnhs' wkqka fjkqfjka th yer oukakdg ,efnhs' ksjka lSu ms,sn| ryio
fuhu f'

lshjkakd( kuq;a n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ke;a k wm lrk foaj, f;areu fudlo@

l;D(

;DIaKdj" mdmh" lsg mj;afka t;khs' n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla' .ek isf;kafka wdYdj

ksihs' wmg jdishla kef;d;a jevla lsug ;r wfma is; hqKq ke;s ne thska
fy<sfjhs' fuh k b;du n,j;ajQ" kuq;a f;are .; fkdyels ;r ishqjQ
wd;audYdjhs'

lshjkakd( nq-mfianq-ry;a hk ;=ka;rd fndafhka tla;rd fndahla m%d:kd l, hq;= ne

iuyre lsh;s' ;j;a iuyfrla" f,djq;=rd nqoaO;ajhu m%d:kd l< hq;= nj;a" tfia
l<g th fkd,enqfKd;a mfianqnj fyda" th;a jerfkd;a ry;a nj fyda ,efnk
nj;a lsh;s' f .ek Tnf.a woyi l=ulao@
l;D(

fuh wuq;=fjka l:d l< hq;a;la fkdf' kuq;a th k b;du ySk woyila ne
lsh hq;=hs' fuh ;ud iska ;udu /juls' f woyfia lsis;a hhla" wIaGdkhla
ke;' wIaGdkh" hh ms<sn|jQ fohl jerfKd;a hk woyila ljodj;a we;s
fkdf' hh" wIaGdkh wd Ouhka we;shl=g lsisl,l fkdjr( jerfKd;a
hk is;s,a, iu.u tA .=KOufhda w;=reoyka fj;s' f m%d:kdj wfkla
m%d:kdjkag;a jvd ksjg tlls' fun m%d:kdjla lrkakd pm,fhls' Tyqf.a iar
woyila ke;' tn ukqIHhl=g ksjdkh ;nd kej; ukqIHd;auhla ,nkakg j;a
mqjkafhs is;u
S W.yghs' ksjdKh fun ksjg" kshd" n, is;lg wjfndaO
jk fohla fkdf' th hh" wIaGdkh m%{dj wd mdr Ouhkaf.ka m%dKj;ajQ
ma;su;a is;gu wjfndaO jkakls' tfia ke;sj" fuh jerfkd;a th j;a ,efnkjd
we;ehs lsis;a wd;auYla;shla" wd;auYajdihla ke;sj j,j is;k pm,hdg

ksjdKh ;nd tfkod lrk fohlskaj;a chla ,eh fkdyel' fun woyia j,ska
ukqIHhd k njg mefKhs'
lshjkakd( Tn fufia l:d lsu .ek uu lk.dgqfj' f inkaOfhka wms WodyrKhla
.ksuq' w;= ;=kla fm<g ;sfnk .il by,u w;a; we,aug woyia lrf.k
ksfila Wv mkshs' Tyqg by,u w;a; w,ajd .; fkdyels k" B, w;a; fyda"
th;a w,ajd .; fkdyels k" ;=kajk w;a; fyda w,ajd .kakg mqjka fjkjd
we;' by,u f;dgqm,ska tf.dv jkakg is;d mSkk mqoa.,hdg th jerfkd;a
fofjks f;dgqm,ska fyda th;a ne jqfkd;a ;=kajk f;dgqm,skaj;a tf.dv jkakg
mqjka fjkjd we;' fufiau f,djq;=rd nqoaO;ajh m;kakl=g th jerfKd;a
mfianq nj fyda" th;a jerfKd;a ry;a nj fyda ,efnkjd we;' g Tn l=ula
lshkafkyso@
l;D(

Wiia Ouhka inkaOfhka l:d lrk g Wmud WodyrK laug uu ks;ru

ue<sfj' kuq;a hglS m%d:kdfjka lsis;a jevla fkdjk ne laug uu;a
Wmudjla bm;a lr( tla;rd YsIHfhla wkS;S{ Nd.hg fmkS isfhah' Tyq
thska wiu: h' tksid Tyqg kS;S{lu fyda fkd;dialu ,efo@ ienekau
ke;' tfiau f,djq;=rd nqoaO;ajh m;d th fkd,enqfkd;a tA fya;=fjka mfianq nj
fyda ry;a nj ,nkakg mqjka lula ke;' Wmud lau wmyiq jevla fkdf'
kuq;a i;HdjfndaOhg thska we;s M,h lsu@ h lsisjl i;Hdi;Hh" tys we;s
iajNdjh f;are .ekSfukau" th lSfukau" tys is; jefukau i ndysr Wmud
WodyrKj,ska f;are .ekSu ieliys;hs'
f,djq;=rd nqoaO;ajhu me;sh hq;= nj;a" th fkd,enqfKd;a mfianqnj fyda ry;anj
,efnk nj;a fndfydafok ,sh;s" lsh;s' th pm,lka" jxpdfjka" j,lka"
uq<dfjka .ejiS.;a ySk woyila ne ug k tl jrgu fmfka' f woyia mqre
fuka ukqYHhd mrmrdfjka mrmrdjgu msfyhs'

lshjkakd( fyd|hs" t;fldg f m%d:kd lsf is; we;s jQfha flfiao@

l;D(

th t;r ryila fkdf' wdYdj ksid i;ajhdf.a is;ays m%d:kd lsf woyi
bfu my<u iajdNdl isoahls' th wuq;=fjka mqre l< hq;a;la fkdf' ud l<
f l%shdf mdlh fkd,e .sfhd;a w,dNhlehs uq<djQ ukqIHhd ;=, Nh yg.kS"
f uq<dj;a" Nh;a" wdYdj;a ksid f foa ,efjdhs fyf;u m%d:kd lrhs'
m%d:kdjg ksiqka fm<Uu b;du myiq jevls' fuh miq l,l NslaIQka iska
hqKq lrk ,o ne fmd;a m;a lshf fmfka' fmd;am;a ,shQ iuyr l;Djreo"
we;e foaYlfhdao uq, mial iemhg fodia k.d" wjidkfha ^kqjKe;shka
iskiaika& th u m%d:kd lr;s' fuys we;s fkd.e<mSu is;d n,kak' h lsisjl=
odkhla ka g fyda fjk jevla l< g" Tyq ,jd f mskska ug fo ksia iem yd
fl<jr ksjka iem;a ,efjdhs NslaIQyq m%d:kd lrj;s' fyf;f thska m%S;h
s g
mefKhs' tfiau mska lsu f,dl= jdishla ne is;d h<s h<s;a tn foa lrkakg
fm<fUhs' tfia m%d:kdjla fkdl< fyd;a Tyqf.a is; Bg wefokakg Wmdhla ke;'
kuq;a f m%d:kdj ksid ukqYHhdf.a Yd, msySula we;s ;sf' fuhska ffp;isl
Yla;sh" wd;au n,h b;du lk.dgqodhl f,i ySkfjhs' f ;fha Ouh mqre
lsf woyi yeroud ffuf;%h nqka f,dj my<jk ;=re th l,aoukakg mqre
fjhs'

lshjkakd( fyd|hs" fudk wkaoulskaj;a l< hq;= m%d:kdjla keoao@

l;D(

fldfydu kuq;a m%d:kdjla ke;sju ne ne fmfka' wd;audYdjg inkaOjk

fudku m%d:kdjlaj;a hym;ahhs uu fkdis;' kuq;a Wmkqmka cd;sfhys
wirKhkag msysgjkakg ug Yla;sh ,efjd lsisjl=g;a uf.ka fyd|la i
fkdfyd|la fkdfhs hkdka f,djg jev msKsi f,dalhd lska ou msKsi lrk
h m%d:kdjla fjhs k th W;= tlls' tys wd;audYdjla we;s ne fkdfmfka'

lshjkakd( Tnf.a f woyia f ;dla wmg mqre woyiaj,g jvd b;du fjkiah' tfiau fmd;a
m;aj, ,she ;sfnk woyia yd fkd.e<fmk neo fmfka' tfyhska fjd f;are
.ekSu lla wmyiqhhs uu is;'
l;D(

T( th we;a;hs' fjd f;are .ekSu lla wmyiqhs' Bg wkqj l%shd lsu fndfydu
wmyiqhs' fmd;a m;aj, ,sh ;sfnk foa fndfyda wh jrojd f;are .ks;s' NdIdjl
jpk jegyqKq muKska" tA jpkj,ska lshfjk Ouh wjfndaO lr.; fkdyel'
m%d:kdj inkaOfhka fmd;aj, ,sh ;sfnk foa yhg f;are .kakg jEh l<
hq;=hs' fndai;ajhka jeks W;a;uhl=f.a is;ays my<jQ fY%aIaG woyila jpkfhka
fmkah fkdyels neka" tA .ek m%d:kd hk jpkh idudkHfhka fhdok ,'
kuq;a tA woyi ug fuh fufia ,efjdhs hkdka wo fndfyda fok wd;audYdfjka
lrk m%d:kdj yd .<mkakg hEu uq,djls' fndai;ajhkaf.a m%d:kdfjys lsis;a
wd;audYdjla ke;' Wkajykafiag ksjka jqjukd fkdh' Wkajykafia ksjk lsis;a
.Kklg fkdf.k yeruQ flfkls' Wkajykafiag jqjukd flf<a f,djg
msysguhs' Wkajykafia Bg iqiql we;slr .;afial' tA iqiql we;slr .;af;a
;udf.a iemh msKsi fkdj wkqkaf.a iemh msKsihs' wkqkaf.a iemh msKsi
Wkajykafia iodl,aysu wmdfha la kakg jqj;a leue;s jk fial' Wkajykafiag
mskskaj;a ksjkskaj;a l ke;' wkqkag msysg jkakg jEh lsuu ;u msysg ne
wuq;=fjka lsjukd fkdf'
ksjdKh wNskkaokh lsu" tA .ek we,au idudkH mD:.ackhdf.a .;sh nj;a
nqoaOd W;a;uhka tfia fkdlrk nj;a inOu uQ,mhdh iQ;%fha m%ldYfjhs'
kuq;a f Ouhka yye f;are .;a wh b;d r,h' Oufha idrh f;are
fkdf.k" ksl l:d jia;+ka Ouh yehg i,lkakg hEfuka fndfyda fok wf
je is;s' f Ouhka msis f,i wjfndaO lr .kakg k ksoyiaj is;sh hq;=hs'
fjfyr ydr ,laIhla f.dv ke.Sug jvd" nqka we;= ,laIhla uyry;kag uyoka
ug jvd fun Ouhla f;are .ekSu fY%AIaGhs' fmd; mf;a lshk fohg idOqldr
fokakka i" ksoyiaj Ouh fidhkakka" fpkh lrkakka wm w;r ,Nu
lk.dgqjg lreKls'

6
u;fNaoh
fn!oaOhd ;r ksoyia u;Odfhla f,dalfha ke;' ksoyiaj l,amkd lsf w.h m<uqfjkau
f,dalhg b.ekajQ Ydia;Djrhd nqrcdKka jykafiah' f ksNS; l%shdjg bm;a ug ;r
wd;auYla;shla yd i;HdjfndaOhla fjk lsis Ydia;Djrfhl= ;=, fkdh' wx.=;a;r ksldfha
;slksmd;fha ld,du iQ;%h uq f,dalhg l,amkd lsf ksoyi ,nd fohs(
zzt: ;=fy ld,dud" ud wkqiaifjk# ud mrmrdh# ud b;slsrdh# ud
msglimodfkak#
ud
;lalfya;=#
ud
khfya;#=
ud
wdldrm;laflak#
ud
ksCOdklaLka;shd# ud NnrEm;dh# ud iufKd fkd .rE;s' hod ;=fy ld,dud" w;a;kdj
cdfkhHd: bfu Oud wl=i,d''' w: ;=fy mcfyhHd:#''' bfu Oud l=i,d''' bfu Oud
l=i,d''' w: ;=fy Wmimc yfrhHd:ZZ
ld,dufhks hula mejiQ muKska th Ndr fkd.ks# mrmrdf meje; tk
ksidj;a# th tfiah hk wdrxfhkaj;a# wd.l fmd;am;aj, ;snqkq muKskaj;a ;lh ksid fyda
kHdhh ksidj;a# f ldrkh lshd ;sfnk ye uekejehs is;dj;a# ;uka l,ska is;+ woyig
.e<mqKq muKskaj;a# f mqoa.,hd iEfyk flfkle" Tyq lshk foh ms<s.; hq;=h is;dj;a# f
;eke;a;d udf.a wdpdhhka jykafiah lshdj;a hula Ndr fkd.ks' kuq;a ld,dufhks" f
whym;ehs h fkl f;dmgu jegyqfkd;a tk th w;yer ou# tfiau hym;ehs f;dmgu
jegyqfkd;a th ms<sm'

f b.ekafuka nqrcdKka jykafia ukqIHhka ;=< fld;r ma,jhla we;sl<

fialahs wd. ms<sn| b;sydih YdlaIs orhs' f,dalhd fojks fldg .re lrk mrmrdj"
wd.l fmd;am;a" wdpdh u;h wd foaj,a Wkajykafia lsis;a .Kklg fkd.;afial' oUj
fkdj wfkla rgl ukqIHfhla f m%ldYh lf,a k" tA rf kS;f
s hka Tyq urh ovqjug
m;alrkq fkdwkqudkhs' fjk rgj, my<jQ Ydia;Djrhkag;a mKa;hkag;a tA m; ish' f
woyia m%ldY lsu ksid nqrcdKka jykafia;a kdY lrug Wkajykafiaf.a i;=rka fkdtla
Wml%u fh kuq;a" tA tlla j;a id:l fkdu f,dalfha Nd.Hls'
weisisfha ika; m%kaisia ;=ud W;a;u ;dmifhls' t;=ud fofjks l%sia;=ia jykafia
yehg m%isoaOh' t;=udf.a ffu;%sh fld;ro h;a" rela u;=fhys is jk mlaISkag l=vd
ifydaorfhks ug neim,a,dhhs lSg" tA mlaISyq .iska nei t;=udf.a ysfiys;a foWfrys;a ji;s'
jkfhys uD.hkag l:d l<g" Tjqyq fldfy;au pls; fkdj" t;=ud mduq,g t;s' f fYa%IaG
ukqIHhd <slu je<|f.k uq ;hu ukqIH j.hdf.a hym; msKsi fufy lsfuys
fhfkah' kla f W;a;u ;dmihd ;u YsIHhka fofofkl=ka <g le|jd" Tjqkag f.dajd
me,hla " tys lrh hgg iskakg;a uq, Wvg iskakg;a me,lrk f,i kshu lf<ah' tl
f.da,fhla lsis;a l:djla ke;sj kshuh ms<s.;af;ah' kuq;a wfkla f.da,hd l:d lrka lrh
hgg;a" uq, Wvg;a iskag me, l< fkdyels nj;a" uq, hgg;a" lrh Wvg;a isgkag me,
l<hq;= nj;a lSh' Tn .=rejrhdg jvd W.f;l=jkakg is;kafkysh hs ika; m%kaisia;=ud Bg
Woyia h' wfkla w;ska fld;r fYa%IaG jQj;a fu;=ud ksoyi w;ska wmg tlh fkdyels
;;a;ajhl ish ne fmfka'
kuq;a fndfyda rg wo fn!oaO b.ekau;a f ;;a;ajfha mj;akd ne ms<s.;hq;=j ;sf'
.=rejrhdf.a woyig fyda fmdf;a woyig ke;fyd;a mrmrdjg reoaO u;hla YsIHhd m<
l,fyd;a .=rejrhd ;ka lsmS Tyqg fkdfhla wkaoka ;rjgq lrhs' f.da,hdf.a mlaId nqoah"
fpk nqoah md.d oukakg .=rejrhd ks;ru iQodk fjhs' .=rejrhdg jvd f.da,hd
kqjKe;sfhla jkafka flfiahs m%Yk
a lrhs' f.da,hd ;dka;h olajd ;udf.a jy,d lr.kakg
.=rejrhd ks;ru jEh lrhs' f b.eka l%uh ksid we;sjQ jy,a wm w;r fndfydah' ksoyia
u;hla Tjqk;r m%ldY lsu we;=kag lrk kd .dhkdjls'
yeu lreKla ms<sn|ju u;fNaohla yg.ekSu f,dal iajNdjhls' tlu fohla
ms<sn|j lsysm fofkl=ka w;r woyia lsysmhla we;s u ksid hfula mquhg fyda l,n,hg
mefKhs k" th Tyqf.a j,lf ,l=Kls' wfkla yeu fohla .ek fukau wd.u Ouh
.eko u;fNaohla my< u iajNdjhls' fmdama;=udg fukau idudkH l%sia;= Nla;slfhl=g;a
l%sia;= Ouh .ek u;hla my< lsug wjldY ;sh hq;=hs' l=ula fyhskao@ wr idudkH l%sia;=
Nla;slhdg fukau fmdama ;=udg;a l%sia;=iajykafia yuq ke;' fofoku nhsn,h lshjd f;are
.ks;s' tfyhska nqoaO Ouh W.;a idudkH fn!oaOfhl=f.a tA ms<sn| u;hla uyd kdhl
udyshka jykafiaf.a u;hg hg;a lrkakg lsis;a hq;=lula ke;' fofokdu ;%smg
s lh lshjd
f;are .ks;s' fofokdf.ka lsisjl=g;a nqrcdKka jykafia yuq idlPd lrkakg wjia:djla
fkd,enqfKah' nqoaO Oufha .=rejrhdf.kau wid k.;hq;= wdph uqhla" ryila ke;s nj
;:d.;hka jykafia msksjkamdkakg iaj,am f,djlg l,ska foaYkd l< fial' Ouh
wNHka;r hqKqf yehg jegfyk fohla i" NdIdjl jpk k.;a muKska jegfyk fohla
fkdf'
wd.l fmd;am;aj, ,sh ;sfnk nekau hula ms<s.; hq;=hhs is;Su n,j;a :Hd
woyils ud msglimodfkak" msglfha tk neka ms<sfkd.ks" hhs nqrcdKka jykafia foaYkd
l,fial' msgl" hkq wd.l fmd;a j,g jHjydr lrkq ,nk jpkhls' ffnn,h l%sia;shdksfha
msglhhs( lafjdrdka fmd; uyuod.f msglhhs( ;%smsglh nqoaOd.f msglhhs msglfha ,sh
;sfnk neka hula ms<s.ekSug lsisjl=g;a hq;=lula fkdue;shs' nqoaOmksjdKfhka fndfyda
l,lg miq ,shjqk fn!oaO fmd;am;aj, wfn!oaO u;hka wvx.= we;s njg lsis;a ielhla
ke;' wOuh ks;ru Oufha uqyqkqjka bm;a fjhs' fjd .ek u;fNaohla yg.ekSu i;Hh
fiug fya;= fjkjd we;' wo ,laj fn!oaO m%;sm;a;h
s kka iS,n; mrdudih me;s hEug
fya;=j f wfn!oaO u;hka ukqIHhkaf.a is;j
a , mrmrd .Kkl mgka ldje ;suhs'
wgqjdj, mjd u;fNao .ek i|yka ;sf' tA ld,fha mgka Ouh ms<n|j iel iys;
fkdfhla woyia mej;s ne thska meye,s fjhs'

fmr isg mrmrd.;j tk fldhs fohg;a wkaOj .re lsu hqKq fkdjQ is;l
mj;akd uQ,sl j, luls' f jy,a nefuka ksoyia jkakg ukqIHhl=g wNHka;r hqkqjla
jqjukd flf' mrmrd.;j tk ms<s.; hq;= foa we;;a" yeu is;lau yeu u;hlau ms<s.;
hq;=hhs is;u
S n,j;a uq,djls' i;Hh mrmrd.;u tk fohla fkdf' wjfndaOh mrmrd .;j
tk fohla fkdf' mqrd;k fohg .re l, hq;h
= hs fndfyda fok lsh;s' mqrd;kjQ ksidu hulg
.re l< hq;= njla wmg k fkdjegfyhs' mqrd;k hkafkka woyia lrkq ,nkafka l,a.;jQ"
mrKjQ njhs' wo j;ajk wh lrk foa ;u wjqre ishhlska muK mrmrd.; fjkjd we;#
kuq;a u;= ld,fha we;sjk ksiqka iska tAjd;a ms<s.; hq;=o@
msKavmd;fha jkakg iQodkj md;%h br wjg w,a,d ne,Su fmr tla;rd uyd ia:rhka
jykafia kulf.a is;laj meje;af;ah' Wkajykafiaf.a f.da,fhdao f is; wkq.ukh
lrkakg mgka .;ay' i;a mrmrdjla hk;=re f is; fkdlvj meje;af;ah' uyd ia:rhka
jykafia md;%h wjg w,a,d nefha" md;%fha isrla ;snqKq neka th n,d t;ekg wes,a, ;nd
.ekSugh' kuq;a f.da,fhda tA lsis;a fkdk .=rejrhd l< foh wkq.ukh lrkakg mgka .;ay'
fun fyda g iaj,amhla fjkia foa wm w;r fndfydah' rc ld,fha mgka meje; tk fohg
fndfyda wh .re lr;s' kuq;a Ouh w;ska rcqkaf.ka wdoY ,nd .ekSu m%fi iys; fkdf'
uycku;h .ek ie,lsh hq;= wjia:dfjdao fj;a' foaYmd,kh" kS;s imdokh"
/lSrlaId" whn wd idudkHh lghq;= inkaOfhka k uycku;h .re l<hq;=u fjhs' kuq;a
wd.l i;Hhla m%ldY lsf uycku;h i,lkakg wjldYhla fkd,ef' uycku;h k
f,dalfha jefokdf.a woyihs' f,dalfha je mlaIh .=Kfhka" {dkfhka ySkh# wdYdj"
lafrdaOh" BIHdj" udkh" wyxldrh" uq<dj wd mdmhkaf.ka f,i lsgqh' wd.l W;=
i;Hhla m%ldY lsf tn uycku;hla .ek is;kakg hEu jkd fufyhlg ndOdjls'
f,dalfha jefok wd,fhka" wd;audYdfjka fj,S" meg,S isk nj;a" tksid Tjqkg
a m;%
Ouhla f;are .; fkdyels nj;a nqrcdKka jykafiag uq,u fmkqfkah' h lsis hym;a
l%shdjla fldg" thska ;udg ksjkj;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= u wd;audYdjhhs lSg idudkH uyckhd
l,n, fjhs' kuq;a msis woyia we;s kqjKe;shkag f woyi jkd ksOdkhls' jefokdg
fkdjegfyk neka" jefokd tl fkdjk neka" ke;fyd;a jefokd reoaO jk neka
tn i;Hhla m%ldY l< hq;= fkdf hehs hul= lshf;d;a" Tyq i;Hh flfrys lsis;a iajdihla
ke;s iq fohska hjk j,fhlehs wms hgy;aj lshuq'
uyck frdaOh iy le<u .ek fndfyda fok hfj;s' uyck u;hg hf;a
mqo.,hl=g hf;a je fjkila ke;' uyck u;hg fhka ;udf.a wjxl wjfndaOhla t<s
lrkakg ue<su nrm;< j,luls' ,dN" m%fhdack" lS;s" m%Yxid" n,h iy whs;sh
uydckhdf.ka ,nkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkakd uydckhdf.a u;hg fjkiaj ish wjxl woyi
m< lrkakg hfjhs' kuq;a tfia n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjkakl=g thska l lsu @
jefokd ms<sfkd.;a" kqmqre woyila m%ldY l< g" uydckhd w;r le<ula
yg.ekSu fkdje<elah yels isoahls' tksid we;e g yhdkl" wka;rdodhl foa mjd isjk
njg b;sydih idlaIs fohs' yeu l%shdjlgu wkqj tla;rd le<ulao yg.kS' l%shd f.fha
muKg le<u me;sfrhs'
nqrcdKka jykafif.a woyiaj,g tod is fkdtla fokd reoaO jQy' Tjqyq
Wkajykafia ueug fkdtla l+g Wml%u fhy( jrla Wkajykafia kdY lrkakg .,la
fmrEy( ;j;a jrla Wkajykafia o urkakg kqjdhka hejQy( wfkla jfrl rd Wu;=jQ we;l=
,jd md.jd urkakg jEh l<y' f ish,a,gu jvd kska; f,i Tjqyq Wkajykafiaf.a m;%
p;h lsgq lrkakg ;e;a l<y( Wkajykafiag odj xpdjf.a l=fiys orejl= ms<sis| ;sfnk
ne lshd f,dj uq<d lrjkakg" weh ,jdu tA m%jD;a;sh m%isoafha" uydckhd uOHfha"
Wkajykafia bfha lshjQy' keje; jfrl iqkaoldj urd" ydrh wi, ijd" Y%uK Nj;a
f.!;uhka iska iqkaoldj urd ijk ,o"hs rcqg meKs,s l<y' fpdaokdj wuQ,sl fndrejla
ne wdKavqj f;are .;a kuq;a" thska uydckhd w;r yg.;a le<u ksid i;shla muK
.;jk;=re ;:d.;hka jykafiag j;a NslaIQka jykafia,dgj;a ydrfhka msg;g meKsu
i;=gqodhl fkdjk ne fmkqfKah' nqrcdKka jykafia yeufokdu ms<s.;a idudkH jev
ms<sfj<l fhKqfiala k" rf fun Nhdkl le<ula we;sjkakg lsis;a hq;=lula ke;'
l%sia;=ia jykafiaf.a woyia ksid le<Uqkq tod jqiQ hqfo kdhl mQclfhda
Wkajykafia w,ajd l=reisfha wek.id uer jQy' uyu;a ;=udf.a woyia .ek t;=udf.au iqmshd

lsmS msyshl=;a /f.k t;=ud urkakg meKs kuq;a th iM, fkdh' .%Sisfha uydckhd w;r
meje;s foaj Yajdihkag reoaOj foaYkd l< fY%aIaG fidal%ia wdKavqj uska w,ajd isrfldg
ji fmdjd urk ,' w;s> ld,hl mgka bkahdf msySug fya;=j mj;akd mxpu fNaoh
ke;s lrkakg h lrk uyd;aud .dkaf.a ;h kdY lrkakg mjd reoaOldrfhda fm<
is;a' f fkdfndaod t;=ud urkakg fj fndanhla fy<k ,o kuq;"a idyislhkaf.a woyi
iM, fkdu f,dalfha Nd.Hhhs' fuhska jI .Kklg fmro t;=ud bkahdf i;=frlehs
jrojd f;are.;a ukqIHfhla t;=udg msysfhka wek urkakg iQodkj isfhah' ^f ,smsh
m<fldg wjqre 13 lg miq idyislhl= iska t;=ud >d;kh lrk ,'& b;sydifha uq, mgka
w. olajd fun fndfyda isoayq olakd ,efn;a'
.,l Ydka;.;shla olakd ,ef' u< kshl ;ekam;a lula olakd ,ef' kuq;a tA
Ydka;.;shj;a ;ekam;aluj;a l=ugo@ ksokg l,n,hla ke;' mqoa.,hl= fukau k.rhla"
rgla ksokgo" tA k.rfhau" rfu l,n,hla ke;' f.j,a kafkda Tjqka tfia ksokjdg
leue;s fj;a' msKq g le<ula we;s fjhs' tA le<u lghq;=j, fhfuka yg.kakd
le<uls' tA le<ug hfula h fjhsk" Tyq uefrk ;=re" lghq;= fkdfldg" fkdke.sg ksh
hq;=h'
kskafoka mqnq lrkqjg w,ihd fkdleu;sh( mqnq lrkakd iu. fyf;f lsfmhs'
Yrfha kskoa g jvd isf;a kskao n,j;ah' tfiau Yrfha kskf
a oka ke.=gqjkqjg jvd isf;a
kskafoka ke.sgu Ialrh' is;Sug wlue;s" is;ska ksok w,ihd tu kskafoka Tyq mqnqjkakg
jEh lrkakd iu. lsfmhs' kuq;a Tyqf.a lsmSu .Kka fkdf.k tA kskafoka Tyq ke.sgu Tyqg
lrk Yd, hym;ls' fkdtla u; weiSfuka uyckhd l,n, uq<df jefg;ehs iuyreka
hjkafka f msugh' wf iskakdg wdf,dalh ,enqk g ke.S isg l%h
s d lrhs'
Ouh fiu w;ska" fpkh w;ska ,laj b;du lk.dgqodhl ;;ajhl mj;S'
b;du Wiia mKa;hdf.a mgka idudkH kQ.;a rgjeishd olajd ljqre;a mdfya mrmrd .;j
mqrej tk fohg;a fmd;am;a j, lshjkakg ,efnk fohg;a idOqldr foka i;Hh l=ula jQj;a
;udg mdvq fkdjkakg jev fhdod f.k ksuf;a l,a.; lr;s' mrmrdf tk fldhs is;;a"
lghq;a;;a f mskaj;=kag W;=h( md,s fmd;aj, ;sfnk fudk woyi;a f Nj;=kag nqnKh'
wfma is;a ;=;a jevms<sfj,;a woyiq;a W;= k m;% k" Oudkql+, k" wfma hqKqj
f;r my;a ;;;ajhl mj;afka ukahs tA Nj;ayq is;kakg fkdfjfyfi;s' mrK mgka
mqrej tk lsis;a is;la fyda woyila fjkia fldg" th Bg jvd fyd| tllg udre lrkakg
;r Yla;shla Tjqkg ke;' hqKqj fyda msySu tl whl isu fkdj mj;khuhs( fyd|
w;g mj;kh hqKqjhs" krl w;g mj;kh msySuhs' wjqre ish .Kklg fmr iE
lr;a;hg jvd wo iE lr;a;fha ,S lene,a,lska j;a fjkila olakd fkd,ef' .=rejrhd is;+
l%uhg fjkiaj is;kakg f.da,hd h fjhs'
fkdtla m<d;aj, wm iska mj;ajk ,o foaYkdjkao" m<lrk ,o ,shukao
fn!oaOhka w;r m%fndaOh;a" we;euqka lshk m zzle<ulaZZ yg.ekSug fya;= ;sfnk ne
fmfka' fuh k ienekau i;=goq dhl wdrxhls le<ulska" ma,jhlska f;drj lsis;a
hym;la is ke; th wksjdh fohls'
wfma woyia wfmkau fkd wid" wm wdY%h fkdfldg" jer wdrxj,ska fkdu.
f.dia" lreKq jrojd f;are.;a we;e wh fkdksis f,i l;d lsu lk.dgqodhlhs' wms
ljqrej;a Ouh msysgqjkakg wjxl ys;ska jEh lrkafkuq' wfma hlsis woyila je/ ne
wmg jegfyk m YsIaG wkaoka lreKq iys;j hul= myod kfyd;a" th kuialdr fmrj
ms<s.kakg b;d hgy;aj wms ks;ru iemE isuq' wij,a fmdf;a fufia ,shd ;sfnkafka wehs@
wij,a W;a;uhka fuh mqre lrf.k wdf wehs@ lshd weiSu b;d j," m%{df.dapr fkdjQ
m%Yakhls' wkHhdf.a u;h ;udf.a u;hg fjkiajQ neka" hfula isf;a fkdukdmhla we;s
lr.kshs k" th Oufhka ms<sh l,hq;= n,j;a ;a; frda.hls'
wfma yeu woyilau ms<s.; hq;=h lshdj;a" tAjdfha h h wvqmdvql ke; lshdj;a
wms lsis fgl;a fkdlshuq' kgk f woyia i;H ne wmg fmfka' kuq;a l,ahdf
wjfndaOh fjkia jkakg nelula ke;' l,lg fmr wm b;d y yehg ie,l+ we;e woyia
wo t;r y ke;s ne wmg fmfka' ;j;a l,a.;jk g" ka mj;akd woyiaj,g jvd W;=
woyia jegySfuka f woyiao fjkia jkakg ne lula ke;' ;udf.au woyiu y nj;a"

wkHhdf.a woyi jer nj;a Tmamq lrkakg ;e;a lsu i;Hh .re lrkakkaf.a is; fkdf'
i;Hh lsisjl=f.a mqoa.,sl whs;shla fkdj yeugu idOdrK jQjls' wm bf.k .;a" ms<s.;a fohg
yd;amiskau reoaOjQjla i;H ugo ne lula ke;' wmg jqjukd lrkafka kg yeu tlgu
tfyhs' lshkakjqka i;H fiug" fpkhg" is;
s ,a,g fhduq lsuhs'

m%Yak iy W;a;r
ms<s;=re n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka fkdtla fokd iska wmfj; tjk ,o m%Yak fndfydah' bka
iuyrla fun m%isoaO ms<s;=rla ,eu ;r fhda.H fkdjk ne lk.dgqfjka i|yka lrkakg
is ;sf' tksid wik ,o yeu m%Yakhlgu ms<s;=re u wmg wkNsu;h' fuhs lafjk
m%Yakhka w;=frka iuyrla ;eme,a u.skao iuyrla OufoaYkdj,o" ;j;a iuyrla mqoa.,slj
wik ,o tAjd fj;s' jHdl+,jQ NdIdfjka > f,i wik,o we;e m%Yakhka tAjdfha woyig
ydkshla fkdjk m' ksrjq,a NdIdjg fmr<d" flfhka fhdok ,o ne ie,lsh hq;=hs' m%Yak
lrejkaf.a k m%isoaO lsu wjYHhhs fkdisf;a'&
m%(

i;afhdaoh m;%sld wxl 4 ;=kajeks msf" f,dalfhys Wiia hhs iu; l=,hl Wmka
;eke;af;a cd;s l=,mq;%hs" hkq i|yka fjhs' f lSfuka yef.kafkaa f,dalfhys Wiia
hhs iu; l=, we;s njhs' tfia k tu iu;h Tn jykafia Ndr .kafkao@ Wiia
hhs iu; l=,hl kula lshkakg mqjkao@

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we;e l=, Wiiah hk iu;hla f,dalhd w;r mj;akd ne ryila fkdf' tn

iu;hla ke;ehs lsisfjl=g;a lsj fkdyel' kuq;a tA iu;h hqla;s iy.; hehs
wms Ndr fkd.ksuq' n%dyauK jxYh Wiia l=,hla yehg iu;h' kuq;a tA iu;h
Oudkql+,hhs wms ms<s fkd.ksuq' n%dyauKhd fyda pKavd,hd jkafka l%shdfjka i
W;am;a;sfhka fkdf' f,dalhdf.a iu;h tlls' wfma ms<s.ekSu wfklls" th
fkdjorjd" ksrjq,aj f;are .; hq;=hs

m%(

iuyr m<d;aj, fn!oaOfhda nqoaO m%;sud jykafia,d jiajijd f.k Wmia:dk lr;s'
f .ek Tn jykafiaf.a woyi l=ulao@

W(

fuh wuq;=fjka weish hq;= ;r m%Yakhla fkdf' jia jeiSf woyi f;are .;a
g" myiqfjka f m%Yakh ;ukagu i`od.; yel'
nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a ld,fha NslaIQka jykafia,d" wo jdf.a" tl ;ekl mxj
fkdishdy' wjqreoafoka wg udihlau Wkajykafia,d f,dalhdg jev msKsi .ka
.ug pdldf yeisreKy' bkahdf R;=fNaoh ,xldf fuka fkdf' tys jeis
ydrui ;=< ;kau jIdj mj;S' f ydrui ;=< pdldf yeisu NslaIQka
jykafia,dg w;sYhska Ialr jevls' wg udihla ;ekska ;ek yeisfrka
uykaisfhka lghq;=j, fhKq NslaIQkaf.a flh;a ikSmh;a i|yd f ydr udih
uq wjqreoafokau fhda.H ld,h ne nqrcdKka jykafia f;are .;afial' jId
ld,fha rf weu" fYaIfhka meoaokag" wufkda{ l%shdjla yehg bkahdf
uydckhd w;r ms<s.ekSulao ;snqfKah' w;a jeiafika mK ,en jef.k tk ;DK
iy OdkH me," ish .Kka NslaIq iuQyhd .uka lrkg mhg mE.S kdYjk neka
rgjeisfhdao Bg ;kau fodiake.+y' hka;% iQ;%j,ska fr hk wo fuka fkdj"
w;ska kQ,a leg w;skau frhQ tod jia;%h b;d w.kd jia;=jls' tksidu NslaIQkago
isjqre iq,N fkdh' we;e NslaIQyq ;o jeiafika f;" h fmfrk isjqre we;sj
ydrhg wjq;a" udre lrkakg fjk isjqrla ke;s neka" tA f;; isjqre mskau oji
.; lr;s' th Yr ikSmhg ndOlh' f wd lreKq uy;a rdYshla ksid jiaidk
ld,h ;=< tl ;ekl k;rj iskakg NslaIQkg
a kshu l<fial' nqrcdKka
jykafiao jiaidk ld,fha pdldf yeisu k;rfldg tl ;ekl jeviSu is;la
h' wdrKHhkays jik NslaIQyqo f ld,fha jkfhys ojia heu wmyiq neka
.j,g j;s' jia jeiSf woyi l=ulahs ka jegfykjd we;' b;ska nqoaO m%;sud

jykafia kula jiajijdf.k Wmia:dk lsu kqjKe;shka yskiaik l%shdjla ne

ldg jqj;a f;are .ekSu wmyiq fkdf'
nqoaO m%;sudjla jiajeiu ;nd" wo ,laj mj;akd ;;a;ajfha yehg NslaIQka
jykafia,df.a jia jeiSuj;a wjYH kqjKg yqre jevlehs ugk fkdjegfya(
mkaif,a Tmamqj NslaIQka jykafia kugh( ke;fyd;a mkai, YsIHdkqYsIH
mrmrdfjka tA NslaIqjg wh;a jQjls( th f.dvk.k ,oafoa NslaIqjf.a n,j;a
uykaisfhks( uq wjqreoaou tA NslaIqjf.a mxh f mkaif,ah( msg;lg f.dia
i;shla .; lf<d;a tA b;du wudrefjks( ia:dkhg wh;a ish,a,u tA NslaIqjf.a
nQo,h fjhs( kvqjla lshdj;a tA NslaIqj t;kska bj;a lrkakg mqjka lula ke;(
urKska miqj fyda tA NslaIqj mkai, yer hkjd we;ehs is;Su W.ygh' kuq;a
jIhlg jrla odhlfhda mkai,g wjq;a ye;a w;la ms<s.kajd" iajdks" f
ydrudih fuys jiajikq uekejehs tA NslaIQka jykafiag wdrdOkd lr;s' g jvd
f,dl= fjk;a ljg lula l< yels o@ ,laj R;= fNaohla ke;ehs lsj hq;=h' f
rf jiaidk ld,fhys wfkla udij,g jvd jIdj wl njla fkdfmfka' we;a;
jYfhka th f rf .%SIau ld,hhs' w;ka m;r jIdj mj;akd njo we;a;ls'
fufia foaY.=Kh w;ska n,k g o ,laj jiaiSu wjYH jevla yehg fkdfmfka'
kg th f;are fkd f.k mqreoaog lrk pd;%hla i" ie,lsh hq;= lsis;a woyila
ke;' kqjKska f;drjQ pd;%h l=ula jqj;a ysia fohls'
m%(

fndfyda fn!oaO .Dyhkays;a wdmkYd,dj,;a iSj,S uy ry;ka jykafiaf.a rEmh

;ndf.k" tA < mykla o,aj;s' tys woyi l=ulao@

W(

,dN m%fhdack ,ef woyihs' iSj,S uyry;ka jykafia m%;Hh ,dNSkaf.ka w.%h'
Wkajykafiaf.a rEmh f.or fyda fjf<| Yd,df ;nd.; fyd;a ;ukag;a ,dN
jefjkjd we;ehs fndfyda fok wdYdfjka uq<dfj;s' tys W;a;uhl=g .re lsf
woyila ke;' iSj,S uyry;ka jykafiag jvd ie,lsh hq;= w.%Y%djl iehq;a
uyry;ka jykafiaf.a rEmh ljqrej;a ;nd fkd.ks;s' Wkajykafiaf.ka fjf<`odug
Wojla ,efhhs fkdis;k fyhsks'

m%(

uyK ls wd Ydiksl jevj, kele;a ne,Su fhda.Ho@

W(

ienekau ke;' kele;a ne,Su wYdiksl ;srYak oHdjls' th nqoaO jpkhg lrk
kskaodjls'
klaL;a;x m;sudfkka;x" w;af:d nd,x Wmp.d(
w;af:d w;a:iai klaL;a;x" lsx liaika;s ;drld@
kele;a .re lrk fudavhdf.a jev w;miq hhs' jevhg kel; k jev lsuhs'
;drldfjda lsula flfroao@
nqoaO Ydikfha woyi yye f;are fkd .;a" wd;auYla;shla" wd;auYajdihla
ke;s" wNHka;r hqKqfjka wvq NslaIQyq uyK Wmimka ls" m%;sud" ydr" od.e
;ekS wdfha kele;a n,kakg mgka.;ay' W.a.Kayd: NslaLfj klaL;a;x hs
kfhys kele;a bf.kSug kshuhlao ;sf' tA fmdfyda mjqreKq inkaO khka k
.ekSu msKsi wfkla jevg kele;a n,kakg fkdf'

m%(

fmdah khkays lrk mskl fyda mjl fjk khkaysg jvd mdl jefo@

W(

ke;( fmdah k pkahdf.a fjkiaf yehg tA tA khkag idod.;a kuls' is; yd

tys lsis;a inkaOhla ke;' fmdah kh fn!oaOhdg fYaI jQjla fkdf' th mqrdK
ld,fha mgka yskakaf.a W;= khls' is; fyd| ksydg yeuodu fmdfydh f'
iqoaOiaiqfmdif:d iod'

m%(

ix>hd jyiafia,d oi kulf.ka tlu Ouh oi hlska weiS' fufia tlu

Ouh oihlska lSg fudav ckhd flfia jgyd .ks;ao@

W(

tA ix>hd jykafia,d oiku ;nd ;j;a oikula tA Ouh tl hgu lSjo@ fudav
ckhdg th fkdjegfya' je fofkl=ka tl hgu tlla lSg" tA lSu ksid" th
tfia fjkag we;ehs fudav ckhdf.a /jula we;sf' kuq;a th wjfndaOhla
fkdf' wkHhka l=ula lSj;a thska l lsu@ ;udf.a kqjKska f;areu .; hq;=hs'
f;are .ekSug ;r kqjK fkdue;sk" tA .ek wkqlmd lrkq i l=ula l<yels
o@ Ouh kqjKe;shkag i kqjK ke;shkag fkdf'

m%(

lkx p" mlaLdrx" jdiodkx p W;a;ux"

nqoaOmamuqLix>iai odkx" Ouiai f,Lkx"
fL;a;odkx p" nqoaOiai mudlrKxumsp"
lrKx jpl=hd" wGmq[a[dks jqpfr'
fjd wguy l=i,a yehg m%isoaOh' f.ek Tnjykafiaf.a woyi l=ulao@

W(

ud is;k yehg fuho ,dN m%fhdack ,eug fhdok ,o m%fhda.fhls' 1' lk u"
2' ^wg& mslr u" 3'wdjdi odkh" 4' nqka m%Odk ix>hdg okau" 5' nK fmd;a
,shu" 6' l=Uqreu" 7' nqoaO m%;sud iEu" 8' jeisls<s iEu hk fjd wguyl=i,a ne
f .d:dj,ska m%ldY fjhs' kuq;a f tllaj;a t;r ie,lsh hq;= fkdf' fjd
mskaisjk l%shd yehg ms<s.;yels jqj;a uyl=i,ahhs lSug ;r fkdj' f
.d:df yeu mohlskau jdf.a NslaIQkg
a ,dNhla ie,fikakg jev ms<f
s h, lrkq
,ef' fjdfha wdksixio uqjfkdiEfyk m NslaIQyq jKkd lr;s' f jev
ms<sfj, ksid ukqIHfhda wNHka;r Ouhkaf.ka fndfyda wE;a is;s' hh"
wIaGdkh" i;Hh" laIdka;sh" ffu;%sh" m%{dj wd fY%aIaG .=Khka .ek lsis;a fkd
i,ld" ndysr foau nqoaOd.u fldg i,lkakg fndfyda whg mqre ;sfnkafka fun
b.eka ksidh'

m%(

ksjka ,eug nqoaOd.ldr kka fmkS iskag jqjukdo@ ;sirK iudokajk

ljqre;a fn!oaOfhdao@

W(

ke;' ksjkg fya;=jkafka nqoaOd.ldr ku fkdj nqoaOd.ldr luhs' ys;ska fkdj"

jpkfhka ;sirK iudokajQ muKska ;nd" isjqre fmrjd .;a muKskaj;a fn!oaOfhla
fkdf' nqoaOd.ldr f,an,h .id.;a :HdoDIayq fndfyda fj;s' l=reish t,ajd .;a
wh w;ro" fjk;a fkdtla kka fmkS iskakka w;ro yenE fn!oaOhka we;sug
lsis;a ndOdjla ke;' iEfyk muKg ysf;a" m%{df m;%;dj we;sk" ksjka
lSug lsisu wd.ul kula fldfy;au jqjukd ke;'

;%fhla fu n fhdackdjla lrhs(-

wdydrh jqjukd lrk" thska m%fhdackh .; yels" j;aj isk whg wdydr ug
jvd" wdydrhlska lsis;a m%fhdackhla ke;s nqoaOm%;u
s djlg wdydr msu jkd
wdksixiodhl jevlehs iuyre lsh;s' tfia k" imQK wNHka;r mdY=oalhla
ke;s" msiq f,i is,a fkdrlsk" NslaIQkag okaug jvd" iehq;a uq.,ka wd
uyry;ka jykafia,df.a m%;sud idojd tAjdg idx>sl jYfhka okau jkd wdksixi
odhl l%shdjla fkdjkafkao@
^f fhdackdjg NslaIk
Q ajykafia,d reoaO jkq fkdwkqudkhs inr.uq m<df;a
tla;rd .ul fun odkhla ka ne wdrxfhka oks' iehq;a" uq.,ka wd
uyry;ka jykafia,df.a k ,shQ lvodis lene,s wdikj, ;nd" tA u;=fhys wdydr
;nd" jdlHh lshd" oka ms<s.kajk ,' kuq;a tA m<df;a NslaIQka g reoaOj ;kau
l%shd
l<y'&
wIagdHmqoa., uydix>r;akhg .sys me fomlaIhu wh;a nj;a" f ryi f;are
fkd.ekSfuka .syshka nqiiqk /lSu NslaIQkag Ndr" NslaIQkaf.a jrog nek jka"
;uka .=K Oufhka msyS isk nj;a" kuq;a nq iiqk /lSu NslaIQkag fuka
.syshkag;a imQKfhkau wh;a hq;=lula nj;a ix>r;akh yd idx>slh k <
m;%sldf ia;r lrkq ,ef'

7
ix>r;akh yd idx>slh

lshjkakd( wIagdh mqoa., uydix>r;akhg .sys me fomlaIu wh;a ne Tn lshkafkysh'

fuh wmg f;are .; fkdyels l:djls' ix>r;akh k NslaIq mlaIh nj;a"
yslaIqkaf.ka f;drj nqoaOYdikhla fkd mj;akd nj;a" jrh ke;s od nqoaOYdikh
ke;s nj;a idudkHfhka .sys me ldf.a;a ms<s.ekSuhs' Tnf.a woyi f ms<s.ekSug
yd;amiskau reoaOh' fuh ma,jhls' lreKdlr Tnf.a woyi wmsg meye,s lr
fokafkyso@
l;D(

T" th uu meye,s lr fokakg jEh' zzix>ZZ hk jpkh lshfjkqj;a iu.u

NslaIqmlaIhhs' f;are .kakg mqrej isk fndfyda fokdg fuh w;au woyila
ne uu oks' f .ek > idlPdjla lrk ;=re uf.a woyi meye,s fkdfjhs'
ix>r;akh k yslaIqka jykafia,dh" NslaIk
q af.ka f;drj nqoaOYdikh fkd
mj;ajkafkah" jrh ke;s od nqoaOYdikh fl<jrh' hkd jer woyia rdYshla
ksid ukqIHfhda Oufhka wE;aj fjfi;s' .sysfhda nqoaOYdikh /lSu NslI
a qkag Ndr"
NslaIqkaf.a fodia fidhka ;ukaf.a .=K oy .ek lsis;a fkdi,ld is;s' NslaIqyqo
wNHka;r idrhla we;;a ke;;a" zix>r;akh k wmsh" wfmka f;drj nqoaOYdikhla
mj;afka fldyso@Z hkdh .syshka h .kajdf.k j;a fj;s' f ms<sn| i;Hh uu
Tng myod fokafk'
nqoaO" Ou" ix> hk ;%O r;akh w;=ka ud l:d lrkakg hkafka ix> r;akhY%djl ix>r;akh-wIagdh mqoa., uydix>r;akh .ekhs' ix>r;akh .kq ,nkafka
.=Kfhka i weka fkdf' weu l=ula jqj;a .=Kfhka hq;a mqoa.,hd Y%djl
ix>r;akfhys wka;.; fjhs' fidajdkaud.h" fidajdkaM,h" ilDod.dud.h"
ilDod.dM,h" wkd.dud.h" wkd.dM,h" wy;aud.h" wy;aM,h hk f wg
wjia:djkayS is mqoa.,fhda wIag-wd-mqoa.,fhdahs' f wg fok ix>r;akhhs'
mqoa.,hd .sys jqj;a me jqj;a fuys thska l ke;' .Kskq ,nkafka .=Kh muKls'
zzix>x irKx .PdZZhs wm irK hkafka f .=Khkays msys mqo.
a , iuQyhd i
fYaI weulska fmkS isk mlaIhla fkdf' zziqmmkafkda N.jf;da idjlixf>dZZ
hkd mdGfhys ix>r;akh .ek b;du msis ia;rhla i|yka fjhs' tys woyi
fufia hs(
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a Y%djlix>hd hym;a ud.fhys .uka lrkafkdah" iDcq
ud.fhys .uka lrkafkdah" wdh ud.fhys .uka lrkafkdah" iqiq ud.fhys
.uka lrkafkdah' tA ljryqo @ h mqreI hq. i;frla" h fY%aIaG mqreIfhda wg
fofkla fj;ao" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a Y%djl ix>hd k Tjqyqh' r neyeka" kka
foiska wjq;a lrk i;aldr ,eug;a" ish fokdf.a mQcdjka iy jkaokdjka
,eug;a" Tjqyq iqiafidah' f,dalhg wiydh mskf
a l;ah'
fuys ix>r;akfha we" me< .ek lsis;a l:djla ke;' lshefjkafka wNHka;r
.=Kh mufKls' ix>r;akh .ek ;j;a jkd ia;rhla r;k iQ;%fha m%ldY fjhs(
zzi;amqreIhka iska miiakd ,o hlsis mqoa.,fhda wg fofkla" hlsis mqreI hq.
i;frla fj;ao" iq.;hka jykafia Y%djl jQ Tjqyq mQcdjg iqiafidah( Tjqkag ka foh
uy;aM, fjhs' fuho ix>hdf.a fYa%IaG .=Kfhls'ZZ
zzh flfkla hym;a ;fhka hqla;j" iar is;ska" ldh ;hkays wkfmalaIlj"
f.!;u nqoaOYdikfhys fhfo;ao" meKsh hq;= wjia:djg m;a Tjqyq wuD;h ,nd"
lsis;a houla ke;sj" ksjka iqj ka fjfi;s' fuho ix>hdf.a fY%aIaG .=Kfhls'ZZ
zzmDfhys isgqjk ,o bka,h i;r .ska yuk jd;fhka h fia wlms;j
iso" wdhi;Hhka kqjKska gq i;amqreIhdo Bg iudkhhs uu lsh' fuho
ix>hdf.a fYa%IaG .=Kfhls"ZZ

zz.eUqre kqjKska fudkjg fofik ,o wdhi;Hhka h flfkla meye,sj ols;ao"

Tjqyq" fld;r mud jQjo" wgjk Njhla k fkd.kshs" fuho ix>hdf.a fY%aIaG
.=Khls'ZZ
zzi;HdjfndaOh;a iu.u" ilaldh" lsPd" iS,n;mrdudi hk f Oufhda
;=ka fok Tyq flfrka refj;a' fyf;u i;r wmdfhka fKa fjhs" nrm;< je/
ih lsf wfmdfydi;a fjhs' fuho ix>hdf.a fY%aIaG .=Kfhls'ZZ
zzYrfhka" jpkfhka fyda is;k
s a hlsis mjla l<o" fyf;f th
fkdijkafkah' ksjka wjfndaO l< mqoa.,fhl=g tfia mdmh ieh fkdyels
neks' fuho ix>hdf.a fY%aIaG .=Kfhls'ZZ
f lsis ;ekl ix>r;akh .=Kfhka i weka ykajkq fkd,ef' fuys isjqre
fmru fyda ysi nEu .ek lsis;a i|ykaj ke;' hlsis .sysfhla fyda meoafola
wdhud.fhys .uka flfk" ksjka olSk" fyf;f wIagdh mqoa.,
uydix>r;akfhys wka;.; fjhs' th wNHka;r .=Kh ms<sn| jQjla i ndysr weu
ms<sn|jQjla fkdf' we|u l=ulajqj;a" .=Kfhka imQKk" fyf;f
idudkHfhka ix>r;akfhys muKla fkdj" fYaIfhka NslaIQ mlaIfhyso wka;.;
fjhs'
fmr oUj ndysh k tla;rd ukqIHfhla uqyq .ukl kej fuka m;g m;aj"
bkahdf ngysr fjrf<ys iqmamdrl k mgqkq.ug ^fndndhg@& md wdfhah'
fyf;u tys f.dv nei" wkakg jia;% fkd;snqKq neka" .iafmd;= iy ,S
m;=rej,ska me,e,a,la jeks weula idod thska ,s jidf.k" m<d;ajeis
Y%oaOdj;=kf
a .ka ,;a wyrlska hefmka" ;jqil= fuka ye ;hla .; lrkakg
mgka.;af;h' ,Sm;=rej,ska l< jeye ye ksid Tyqg m<d;a jeisfhda zodrehZ hs
k l<y' l%ufhka fyf;f wNHka;r Ouhkaf.ka jefvkakg h' kla ndysh
f;f nqrcdKka jykafia .ek wdrxhla wid i;=gqj" thska msg;aj" ngysr fjrf<a
mgka ieje;a kqjr olajdjQ > ud.h f.jd" lfia .ukafldg ieje;a kqjrg
<dh' Tyq ydrhg mefKkg wjdikdjlg fuka" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tys
fkdisfial' Wkajykafia ms`vqis.d jeh ne NslaIQyq Tyqg kajQy' fyf;u tys mud
fkd" tA f w; fidhka .uka fldg" tla;rd hl Nsq isd jk nqrcdKka
jykafia gqfhah' odreh f;f uy;a Nla;sfhka Wkajykafia bhg f.dia
kuialdr fldg ;udg Ouh myod fok f,i b,ah' th ;uka jykafia ms`vqis.d
jk f,dj nj;a" wyrlsi ksujd oy foish yels nj;a nqrcdKka jykafia
jod<fial' zziir yeuodu wms wyr fidhkafkda fjuq' Tn jykafiaf.a fyda udf.a
urKh fldhs fudfydf;ahs kshu ke;' tksid ug fkdmudj oy foiqj
uekejeZZhs odreh f;f nqrcdKka jykafiaf.ka b,ah' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
fhys isgf.ku Tyq iu l:d l<fial' ndysh f;f jyd i;Hh wjfndaO
fldg tysu wy;a M,hg meKsfhah' bla;s ;:d.;hka jykafia imfhys uyK
jkakg ;udf.a leue;a; lah' md isjqre imhd f.fkk f,i Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
Tyqg kshu l<fial' fyf;u md isjqre fidhkakg msg;a h' wfyda Tyqg jerla
hkakg bv fkd,enqKs' l=,au;a jk .jfofkl iska f W;a;u ukqIHhd wek
urk ,oafoah' f fYdalckl wdrxh weiQ nqrcdKka jykafia NslI
a Qka iska
msjrk ,j t;ekg jev NslaIQkag l;d fldg ksh f.k f.dia wdodykh lrjd
tA Od;= ksoka fldg ffp;Hhla ;kjkakg kshu l<fial' NslaIQyqo th tfiau
lf<dah' miqj f inkaOfhka yg.;a l:djl Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia odrerh
uyry;ka jykafia .ek NslaIQkag foaYkd lrka" zzt;o.a.x NslaLfj uu idjldkx
NslaLQkx mamdNs[a[dkx hox ndysfhda odrefhdZZ' hkqfjka zzuyfKks" jyd
i;HdjfndaOh ,enQ udf.a Y%djl NslaIQka w;=frys ndysh odreh f;f w.%hZzhs
jod< fial'
odreh uyry;ka jykafia isjqre fmrjQ flfkla fkdjQy' isjqrla ;nd
Wkajykafiag lmqkQ,k
s a hk ,o idudkH jia;%hlaj;a fkd;snqfKah'
Wkajykafiaf.a weu ,S m;=re me,e,a,la jqj;a" b;d wirK mqo.
a ,hl= jqj;a"

t<fokl iska u. wek urkq ,enQj;a" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f mqreI mqoa.,hd

;uka jykafiaf.a Y%djl NslaIq ixLHdfjys we;=,;a fldg jod< fial' tmufKlao@
jyd i;HdjfndaOh l< NslaIqka w;=frys fYa%IaGhd neo jod< fial' fn!oaO
idys;Hfhys
Wkajykafiaf.a
kduh
zzodreh;af:rZZhs
i|yka
f'
;j o" ikak;s uydud;H f;f ijdNrKfhka ie w,xldr wud;H weka ieriS
ishu ry;a M,hg meK" tA wekau msks W;a;ufhls' t;=ud me fkdh'
f ms<sn|j yg.;a l:djl" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia t;=ud .ek i|yka lrka zzfid
n%dyaufKd" fid iufKd" iNslaLqZZ zzfyf;f n%dyauKfhls" fyf;f Y%ufKls"
fyf;f NslaIqjleZZhs jod<fial'
wIagdh mqoa., ix>r;akh yd weu w;r lsis;a inkaOhla ke;s nj;a" hg lshk
,o wNHka;r Ouhkaf.ka f;dr k isjqre fmrjQ muKska hul= ix>r;akhg
we;=<;ajk nj;a" .sys weka isho" tA Ouhkaf.ka hq;a mqoa.,hd ix>r;akhg
we;=<;ajk nj;a f;are .;hq;=hs'
lshjkakd( t;fldg .sys me fNaohla keoao@
l;D(

wehs ke;af;@ .sys me fNaohla ;sf' fuh ksrjq,aj f;are .; hq;=hs' NslaIq"
NslaIq" Wmdil" Wmdisld hk isjqjkla msfiys hglS .=Khkaf.ka hq;a ish,af,dau"
.sys me fNaohla fkdi,ld" wdh ix>r;akfhys,d .Kskq ,efn;a' ud l:d
lrkafka NslaIq ix>hd .ek muKla fkdj Y%djl ix>hd .ekhs' zY%djlZ hkq zYsIHZ
zf.da,Z hk f;areuhs' zix>Z hkq ziuQyZ" zmsiZ hk f;areuhs' Y%djl ix>hd k
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a YsIH iuQyhdhs" f.da, msihs' tA f.da, msi .sys me
fomlaIfhkau hqla; fjhs' mfjKdpdHjrhl=f.a f.da, msi .sys me
fomlaIfhkau hqla; jkakdla fuka Nd.Hj;=kajykafiaf.a Y%djl ix>hdo .sys me
fomlaIfhkau hqla; fjhs' NslaIq ix>hd tA uyd Y%djl ix>r;akfhys wka;.;
fjhs' me jqjo tA .=Khkaf.ka hqla; fkdf k" ix>r;akfhys wka;.;
fkdfjhs' zix>Z hk jpkh zNslaIqZ hk jpkhg jvd Yd, w:hla we;s tlls'

lshjkakd( tfia k yeu NslaIqju ix>r;akhg we;=<;a keoa o@

l;D(

.no kQ.;a ksiaiq l,si wk ljfrl=g jqj;a zuy;auhdZhs lsh;s' l,si

wkjqka w;r uy;ajre is;s' tfy;a Tjqk;r tA kug kqiqiafida Bg;a jvd is;s'
isjqre fmrjQ ish,a,kau ix>r;akfhys ,d .Ksk kQ.;a;=o is;s' isjqre fmrjQjka
w;r ix>r;akhg whs;s fkdjk my;a" wkdh woyia iy mej;= we;sfhda;a
fjfi;s' ix>r;akh fYaI
% aG tlls' weula udre l< muKska hfula thg we;=<;a
fjhs k th b;du fkdjgkd" iq tlla h hq;=hs'

lshjkakd( Ydikh mj;afka jrh mj;akd ;=re muKla nj;a" jrh ke;sod Ydikhla ke;s
nj;a wo b;du W.;a fY%I
a aG mjreka mjd ms<s.;a u;hls' Tnf.a woyi Bg fjkia
ne fmfka'
l;D(

fuh yeu fn!oaO fldjlu mdfya yvk.k u;hla ne uu oks' tfy;a th

uq,djla ne uf.a jegySuhs' jrh k iqfroaola len,sj,g lmd" uQgq fldg uid"
m`vqq fmjd .;a jia;%hls' fun jia;%hla ke;s fuka nqoaO Ydikh kdY fjhs k"
th remsh,a lSmhlg jvd fkdjkd fohla h hq;=hs' nqoaOYdikh k i;Hhhs' h
lsis we fYaIhla ke;sfuka i;Hh w;=reoyka fhhs lSu fld;r widOdrK
l:djlao@ nqoaOYdikh lshkafka lymdggo@ nqoaOYdikh lshkafka lymdg
jia;%j,ska ieriqKq mqo.
a ,hka .uka lrkjd olskakg ,eugo@ hlsis woyila
.;ag th iod msis| ne,sh hq;=hs'
f inkaOfhka lSug lreKq rdYshla ;sf' miq l,l NslaIQyq ksiqka rjgd n,h
,nkakg" .re i;aldr ,nkakg is;+y' tksid Tjqyq fun fkdtla u; m;=rejkakg
mgka .;ay' zznqoaOYdikh rlskf
a kda wms fjuq' wfmka f;drj" jrfhka f;drj
nqiiqka mj;S @Zhs Tjqyq ksiqka h.kajkakg mgka .;ay' jhia .;jQ muKg" ysi

kslg meiqKq muKg" we /,s jegqKq muKg" wei lK n, jQ muKg" w; mh

wj,x.= jQ muKg uy f;reka jykafia,d nqoaOYdikhg whs;sjdisl lshkakg
mgka .;ay' f m%fhda.hka ksid f,dalfha je fok uq<d jQy' .syshkag nqoaOYdikh
/lsh fkdyels nj;a" tA ljqrekq;a fjkqfjka NslaIqka nqoaOYdikh /l .kakd
nj;ais;kakg .sys me fomlaIhgu mqre h' kuq;a f /l n,d f.k isk" uqr
lrf.k isk Ydikh l=ula hs is;kakg ljqrej;a k;r fkdfj;s'
f,dalfhys ish,a,kau fn!oaO NslaIqka yehg me jqj;a Tjqk;r i;HdjfndaOh
,enQ tl mqoa.,hl=;a ke;ak" ish,af,dau mdmfhys" wOufhys .e,S fjfi;a k
Tjqka ;=< nqoaO Ydikhla mj;Shhs Tn is;kafkao@
lshjkakd( ienekau ke;( Tjqyq nqoO
a Ydikh fkd rls;s'
l;D(

tfiau" f f,dalfhys tlu jrhla ke;e;a" lymdg mjd wka;Odkjqj;a"

ukqIHfhda Oufhka hqla;k" YS," iud" m%{djka jv;ak" i;HdjfndaOh
,n;ak" Tjqyq nqoaOYdikh fkdrls;ao@

lshjkakd( we;af;kau nqoaOYdikh rlskafkda Tjqyquh'

l;D(

tfiak jrh ke;sod nqoaOYdikh ke;ehs is;Su fld;r uq<djlao@ jrh ke;sod
nqoaOYdikh fkdj NslaIQfYh ke;sf' NslaIf
q Yh ke;sjQ muKska" tk" weula
ke;sjQ muKska i;Hh f,dka ;=rkafhehs is;Su b;du f,dl= uq<djls' NslaIqfYh
ke;sjQ muKska ix>r;akh ke;s fkdjk neo f;are .;hq;=hs'

lshjkakd( t;fldg" NslaIQka ke;sj" .syshkag nqoaOYdikh /lsh yelso@

l;D(

nqoaOYdikh /lSu k l=ulao@ mdmhkaf.ka u" Ouud.fhys .uka lsu" is;

msis lsu" nqoaOYdikh /lSuhs' h lsisfjla tfia lrhs k fyf;f
nqoaOYdikh rlshs' nqoaOYdikh msg; rlskakg ;sfnk hula fkdj ;ud ;=<u /lsh
hq;= Ouhls' b;ska NslaIQka f.ka f;drj hul=g nqoaOYdikh /lsh fkdyelehs lSf
woyi l=ulao@ nqoaOYdikh /lSuh lshkafka mkai,a /lSuo@ idx>sl hk jHdc
kduhlska ,shd mxlrk ,o nQo,hla /l n,d .ekSugo@ wo k nqoO
a Ydikfha
hqKqjhhs lshkq ,nkafka .ula mdid mkai,a jeuhs' je msila ke;sj /lsh
fkdyels fohla .ek hjkakdla fuka f .ek;a je msila jqjukdhhs Nh
fkdh hq;=hs' tl mqoa.,hl=g" Tng" nqoaOYdikh ;ksju /lshyel' th Tnf.a
hq;=luhs' zznqoaOYdikh /lSuZZ hk jpkh ;r fn!oaOhka jrojd f;are .;a fjk
jpkhla NdIdf weoaohs uu iel lr' f ryi f;are fkd.ekSu ksid wo .sys
me fomlaIhu b;d lk.dgqodhl ;;a;ajhl j;a fj;s'
zzwms .sysfhda fjuq' wmg .=Ko rlskk
a g kqmqjk' nq iiqk rlskakg kqmqjk' th
NslaIQkag NdrhZZ hs is;d" .sys ksiaiq nqoaOYdikh /lSf zzfldka;%d;ZZ jevh
NslaIQkag Ndr is;s' tA .ek Tjqyq NslaIQkag lE" " we" me<" b" ysgq iy
wfkla jqjukd ish,a,;a imh;s' tfyhska f zzfldka;%d;aZZ jevh yhg fkd lrk
l, Tjqyq NslaIQkag nek j;s' fkdtla lmg" fflrdl lj,ska Ok imhka"
Yap; lrka isg" ;udg bv we;s f,djl mkai,g f.dia mska f.fkkakg
NslaIqj < mska tl;=lrf.k ;sh hq;=hhs .syshd is;hs' NslaIqj iaiS, k Tyqf.a
.nvdf mska ke;' tys mska ke;sjQ l, ;ud mska .kafka fld;ekska hs .syshd Nh
NslaIqjg nek jhs' yska Nla;slfhda nuqKkag ix.%yfldg Tjqkaf.ka mska .kakg
is;;s' nuqKl= jrola l< g yskajre fldamj Tyqg nek j;s' nuqKd < mska
ke;sfuka ;ukag;a mska ke;sfhhs Tjqyq h fj;s' wo idudkH fn!oaOhdf.a
;;a;ajh g fofjks fkdf'
hlsis NslaIqjla jrola l<g Tyq nqoaOYdikh jki;ehs .sysfhda lE .i;s' .syshd
jrola lsfuka Tyq;a nqoaOYdikh jkik ne fyf;u fkdis;hs' l%sia;shdks
mQclfhl= jrola l<;a" uqia,sldrfhla jrola l<;a" ienekau th nqoaOYdikh
lv lsuls' nqrcdKka jykafia f,dj my< jQfha tla mlaIhl muKla hym;

msKsi fkdf' Wkajykafia ish,a,kag idOdrKh' tksid ljrl= jrola l<;a th

Wkajykafiaf.a wjjdoh" Ydikh fkd /lSuls'
NslaIqjla nrm;< jrola l< ne k.;a g zznqoaOd.u msfy;eZZhs l%sia;=Nla;slfhda
m%S;shg m;aj th Tjqkaf.a m;%j, m<lr;s' l%sia;h
s dks mQclhl= tn jrola l< g"
zzl%sia;shdksh msfy;eZZhs fn!oaOfhda m%S;shg m;aj tho Tjqkf
a .a m;%j, m<lr;s' tA
jro l< wjdikdjka;hd ish,a,kag idOdrK i;Hh" Ouh wkq.ukh fkdlsfuka
m;g m;ajQ ne Tjqyq fkdis;;s' wfyda" wo wd.j, ;;a;ajh fn!oaOfhda Ouh
fkdj nqoaOd.u hqKq lr;s' l%sia;= Nla;slfhda Ouh fkdj l%sia;shdks wd.u hqKq
lr;s' Tjqyq Ouh ke;s fldg wd. hqKq lr;s' Tjqyq tA tA f,an,a w,jd .;a msi
fldmuKhs .Kka lr;s' kuq;a ij idOdrK Ouh" i;Hh .ek fkdi,l;s' wo
nqrcdKkajykafia judkj we;ak" h lsis l%sia;shdks mQclfhl= jrola l, g"
Wkajykafia tA .ek ixf.hg m;aj" Tyqg wkqlmd fldg" Tyq tA jer u.ska frd
f.k" y uf.ys .uka lrjkakg jEh lrk ne" wn u,a fKqjl muKj;a
ielhla ke;sj" wms Yajdi lruq' tfia u" l%sia;=ia jykafiao judkj we;ak" wr
jro l< NslaIqj .ek lk.dgqjg m;aj Tyq thska uqod" Tyqg hym;la lrkakg
jEhlrkq fkd wkqudkhs' tfy;a wo tA wd. m%ldY lrkakjqkaf.a woyia fld;r
mgqhs mqoa.,slhs is;d ne,sh hq;=hs'
NslaIQka jer lsfuka nqoaOYdikh kdYfj;ehs is;Su n,j;a uq<djls' f
f,dalfhys ishu NslaIQka mrdldm;a;shg meK YaYS,hka jqj;a" isjqre yeh;a"
nqoaOYdikh" tk i;Hh kdY fkdf' tll= jrola l< neka ;fjll=f.a
i;HdjfndaOhg" ksjkg thska ndOdjla fj;ehs is;d l,n, u f,dl= uq<djls'
NslaIQka jro lrk ksid wkHhkag nqoaOYdikfhys fhfokakg" .=K o rlskakg"
ksjka olskakg we;s ndOdj lsu@ YS,h" Ouh" i;aHfhys h;=r NslaIQka wf;ao@ YS,h"
Ouh" i;Hh .nvdjl oud Tjqyq th jidf.k is;ao@ NslaIQka nqoaOYdikh
fkdrls;ehs nek jkjqkag fufia lshkakg leue;af;( zzTn tA j, NslaIqj ,jd
nqoaOYdikh rlaljkakg iodk jkafka wehs@ n<ka ,jd fldia weg ndjkakg
hkafka wehs@ nqoaOYdikhg Tn t;r leu;sk" Tng t;ru th fydka
jegfyhsk" Tn th fkdrlskafka wehs@ .sysf.hs fjfika nqiiqk /lsh
fkdyelehs Tn is;kafkys k" ish,a, yer oud me th lrkq uek'
lshjkakd( ug ;j lreKla k.kakg ;sf' i;Hh yd jrh w;r we;s inkaOhla ke;s ne
Tnf.a l;dfjka fmfka' kuq;a" hlsis .sysfhla ry;ak" tA .sys fjiska Tyqg i;a
klg jvd j;ah fkdyelsneo" i;ak .;jkakg m<uq me fkdk
msksjka mdkd neo ;j;a ms<s.;a u;hls' f .ek Tn l=ula is;kafkyso@
l;D(

fuho ug f;are .; fkdyels u;hls' ry;a .=Kh yd weula w;r fun

inkaOhla we;sh fkdyel' weu Wiia fohla yehg fmfkkafka wNHka;rh
my;a muKgh' {dkfhka" .=Kfhka jevqKq muKg ndysr we iq yehg
fmfkhs' ry;ka jykafia {dkfhka" .=Kfhka w. ;ekam;a mqoa.,hdhs'
Wkajykafiag wij,a weka fmkS ish hq;=hhs lSu f,dl= jrols' ry;a .=Kh
fYaI weulg iSud lsu Ouhla fkdf'
fuh NslaIq mlaIfha jdishg we;slr .;a u;hla ne fmfka' f f,dalfha
.=KOufhka w.;ekam;a lsisjl=g;a NslaIq mlaIhg fkdne" NslaIq weka
fkdieriS i;a klg jvd j;a h fkdyels nj;a" i;ak .;jkakg m<uq NslaIq
weu fkd wekafod;a Tyq ureg jih hq;= nj;a fuys woyihs' fuh;a Ouhlao@
wfkla ksiqka w;r iq .=Kj;=ka isho" y .=Kjf;la fjhs k" Tyq iajlSh
mlaIfhysu hhq;=hhs yeu wd. ldrfhdau is;;s'
ud is;k yehg f woyi fndfyda fok jrojd f;are f.k ;sf' ry;a jQ
mqoa.,hl=" fYh l=ula jqj;a" i;akla ;nd tl fudfyd;l= .sys ;hla .; fkd
lrk ne k we;a;ls' .sys weka fmkSi
s h o" me ;hla .;lrk mskaj;ayqo
wo mjd olakd ,efn;s' isjqre fmdrjdf.k" NslaIq fYfhka fmkS iskjqka w;r .sys
;h .;lrkafkda;a ,N ke;'

lshjkakd( .sys me fomlaIh ix>r;akhg wh;a fjf;d;a kh msglh fomlaIhguo@

l;D(

ke;' kh msglh NslaI"q NslaIqKS fomlaIhg hs' th idudkHfhka Y%djl ix>hdg

fkdj fYaIfhka NslaIq NslI
a qKS fomlaIfha ix>hdghs'

lshjkakd( tfia k idx>slh .sys me fomlaIhgu idOdrK o@

l;D(

tho tfia fkdf' NslaIq ix>hdg muKla mjrk ,oaola NslaIq ix>hdg fyda fjk
ldygj;a wh;a fkdf' NslaIqKS ix>hdg muKla mjrk ,oao;a NslaIq ix>hdgj;a
wkHhkagj;a wh;a ke;' idudkHfhka .sys me fomlaIhg idOdrKj hula
lemlrk ,o k" th tA fomlaIhgu iudkh' tla mlaIhlg muKla mjrk ,oaola
;j;a mlaIhlg ysh fkdyel' th Ouhg fyda kS;shg fkd.e<fma' fuh fnod
f;are .;hq;=hs'

lshjkakd( wo idx>sl jia;= .ek Tnf.a woyi l=ulao@

l;D(

wo idx>sl kdufhka ykajkq ,nk jia;+ka w;r we;a; jYfhka idx>sl foa b;du
,N nj;a" thska ishhg wkQ.Kkla nrm;< mqoa.,sl tAjd nj;a uf.a woyihs'
i;r .ska jk NslaIq ix>hdg lshd mQcd l< ia:dkh l klska tl ksldhl" tl
mdYajhl" thskq;a tl l=,hl" tl YsIHdkqYsIH mrmrdjl NslaIQkaf.a mqoa.,sl
nQo,hla fjhs' fjk ksldhl fyda" tA ksldfhau" tu mdYajfha fjk YsIHdkqYsIH
mrmrdjl NslaIqjla th mfNda. lrkakg wdfjd;a" l,flda,dy,fhka fyda
kvqu.g neiSfuka Tyq t;ekska mkakd oukq ,ef' fuh ljr k idx>slhlao@
odhlfhdao mkai,la idod zzwms fuh idx>sl lruqhZZ lshd tl ksldhl" tl
mdYajhl" thskq;a ish l=,fha tlu YsIHdkqYsIH mrmrdjlg nQo,hla fldg mjrd
fo;s'
wo idx>sl hk jHdc kduhlska ykajkq ,nk Yd, Okhla thska ,eh hq;= kshu
m%fhdackh fkd,nd kslrefka w{dk f,i wd;aud:ld mqoa.,hka iska wm;fhys
ykq ,ef' f Okh g jvd ishla .=Khlska w:j;a f,i md l<yelsj
;sf' wo h;j;a idx>slhhs lshyelsj ;sfnkafka NslaIQkf
a .a md,kh hgf;a
fkdj" iNd md,kh hgf;a mj;akd ;ekaj,gh' wo zzidx>slZZ hkq mejQjkaf.a
mqoa.,sl nQo,hlg jHjydr lrk fYaI jpkhls'
hlsis odk f;kdjl jkdlu mj;afka wd.fNao" cd;sfNao" l=,fNaodfhka yd
mqoa.,sl woyia j,ska is; ;=rkajQ muKgh' is; iSudiys; jQ muKg odkh o
iSudiys; fjhs" mdlho iSudiys; fjhs' idx>slh t;r W;= odkhla yehg
.kskq ,nkafka tys iSud lsula ke;s neks'
tl ksldhl muKla NslaIQkaf.a m%fhdackh msKi
s wdfrda.HYd,djla f.dvk.k
,oafoahs is;uq' flfiaj;= th tl mdYajhl NslaIQkaf.a m%fhdackh msKsi f.dv
k.k ,oaolg jvd w.fka fjhs' kuq;a tA wdfrda.HYd,dj foksldhl m%fhdackh
msKsi f.dvk.k ,oafoa k jvd;a w.fka fkdfo@

lshjkakd( T" th jvd;a w.fka fjhs'

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tA wdfrda.HYd,dj ,laj ;=ka ksldhgu idOdrKj f.dvk.k ,o k@

lshjkakd( th Bg;a jvd W;='

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kuq;a kg tA wdfrda.HYd,df ,laj NslaIQkag i msgrka mefKk ish

nqreud NslaIQkg
a wjldYhla ke;' tA msgrgj, ish NslaIQkag;a iu. f.dv k.k
,o k jvd;a W;= fkdfo@

lshjkakd( i;a;lskau th tfiah'

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kg f wdfrda.HYd,djg fn!oaO NslaIQka yer wkH wd.j, mQclfhda Ndr.kq

fkd,efn;a' lsis;a fNaohla ke;sj wkH wd.j, mQclhkq;a Ndr f.k wdorfhka
lreKdfjka ix.%y lrf;d;a th jvd;a fYa%IaG jevla fkdfjhso@

lshjkakd( kuq;a wd.udkql+,j tn idx>slhla ;sfo@

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ug jqjukd lrkafka zidx>slZ hk tA f,an,hj;a" tA ms<sn|j iar lr.;a

jHjia:dj;a fkdfjhs' uOHia:j" idOdrKj" ksoyiaj" fkdtla woyiaj,g jd,a
fkd" wd.fNaohla ke;sj" Oudkql+,j ffu;%S lreKd iy.;j is;k g" th
jvd fY%I
a aG l%shdjla ne Tng fkdjegfykafkao@

lshjkakd( tA idx>slj, j.la ke;sj" wd. fohla ke;sj" ksoyiaj" ffu;%S lreKd iy.;j"
idOdrK f,i is;k g k" ienekau th fYa%IaG ne fmfkhs'
l;D(

tfia k th fYa%IaG ne fkdjegfykafka wd. fofhka hqla;j" jy,aj" ffu;%S

lreKdfjka ke;sj" widOdrK f,i is;k g ne tys woyihs' tA fldhs ye
fj;;a lsis;a wd.fNaohla ke;sj" ish meoaokag ix.%ylrk wdfrda.HYd,dj tl
wd.ul meoaokag ix.%ylrk wdfrda.HYd,djlg jvd fYa%IaG ne Tng fmfkhs'
tA wdfrda.H Yd,df ishu rgj," ishu cd;sj," ishu wd.j, .sys me
fomlaIhgu" tk" idudkHfhka ukqIH j.hdg lsis;a fNaohla ke;sj tlu
ffu;%sfhka lreKdfjka ix.%y lrf;d;a hglS ish,a,gu jvd fY%aIaG fkdfo@

lshjkakd( ienekau th fY%aIaGh'

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fyd|hs" ukqIHhdg muKla fkdj ;sika i;dg mjd wdorfhka lreKdfjka tys
ix.%y lrf;d;a Bg;a jvd W;= keoao@

lshjkakd( tAldka;fhkau th W;=h'

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fufia lsis;a fjkila ke;sj ish i;ajhkag Wmia:dk lrk wdfrda.HYd,djlehs

lSfuka woyia lrkafka bvf iy f.dvke.s,af,a Yd,lu fkdj woyfia
idOdrKlu iy Yd,luhs' ia:dkh b;du l=vd tlla h yel' tA ia:dkhg h
yels muKska lsis;a fNaohla ke;sj l%shd lrk ne tys woyihs' odk f;kdjl
jkdlu hqKqjk ye Tng fuhska f;are .kakg mqjka fhsh is;'

lshjkakd( wo idx>sl jYfhka oi is kulg" ishla kulg" oyia kulg fok oka .ek Tn
l=ula is;kafkyso@
l;D(

wo idx>slh lshd oka fok l%uh lla r is;d n,kafkl=g isky Wmojhs'
odhlfhla NslaIQka oi kulg odkhla msKsi wdrdOkd lrhs' tA oi kug f,lg
hefmkakg muK wdydr mdk j. ish ksjfiys ms<sfh, lrhs' tfy;a tA oi ku
f.org jevujd f.k.sh miq" i;r .ska jk uyd ix>hdg lshd tA oi kug wr
odkh ms<s.kajhs' NslaIQyqo ;uka iehq;a-uq.,ka mrmrdfjka mejf;k ne lshd tA
W;a;uhka isys lrf.k odkh ms<s.kajkakg odhlhdg kshu lr;s' ;ukaf.au
.=Khla ke;s neka" iehq;a-uq.,ka wd W;a;uhkaf.a kug uqjd NslaIQyqo th
j<o;s' fuh l=uk idx>slhlao@
jrla tla;rd odhlfhla ;u ys; ;% NslaIQka oi kulg muK ojia .Kkl mgka
tA tA ;ekg f.dia wdrdOkd fldg" f.org jevujd zzidx>slZZodkhla kafkah' tA
odkfha m%Odkj l%shd l< NslaIQka jykafia lsis;a mels<Sula ke;sj" tA odkh
ix>r;akhg idx>sl jYfhka fok neo" tys uy;aM, uydksixiho m%ldY fldg
odhlhd ,jd idx>sl jdlHh lshjQy' tA fomlaIhu Tjqfkdjqkag jxpdldrfhda jQy'
iuyrg ;=ka kula jia t<U iskd mkai,g jia oka f.k .sh miq" yisfhka tys

;j;a fokula isfhd;a" zzwmg id>sl odkhla fokak ,enqKdZZhs odhlfhda i;=gqj
jdlHh lshd wr mia kug tA odkh ms<s.kaj;s' jdlHh lSj;a fkdlSj;a tA odkh wr
mia ku j<okd ne Tjqyq oks;s' jdlHh lSj;a fkdlSj;a ;j;a kula jemqr
meKsfhd;a" tA kug o thskau ix.%y lrk neo Tjqyq oks;s' kuq;a is; rjgd
jemqr zzmskaZZ .kakg jdlHh lshd idx>sl lr;s'
tla;rd m<d;l zzW!kmQrKZZ idx>sl odkhla ka ye Bg inkaOjQfjla ud iu.
ia;r lf<ah( md;%fhka n;amsvla wkd je< jydu" tA .;a n;a msfvkajq wvqj
msfrkakg t;kg n;a fnokq ,ef' fufia j<od bjrjQ miq;a md;%fhka lsis;a
wvqjla fkdjQ ne lau Tjqkaf.a woyihs' tA mskska" u;= cd;sj, fldmuK ho
l<;a" wr md;%j, n;a wvq fkdjQjdla fuka Okfha wvqjla fkdfjdhs Tjqyq m%d:kd
lr;s' f ysj,g nqoaOd.f ku tla lsu fld;r lk.dgqodhl fohlao@
wo mj;akd m" ishla kug" oyia kug oka fok l%uh we;af;kau kqjKe;shka
iskiaik w{dk jev ms<sfj<ls' mkaiSh kulg zzuyd idx>sl odkhlaZZ ug
ms<sfh, lrkq ,ef' ye;emau ish .Kka wE;ska NslaIQyq fhkao" ldj,skao"
niaj,skao oyh oudf.k" y;s oudf.k wjq;a" lsis;a m%S;shla ke;sj tl f,la
wdyr j<od wdmiq h;s' tA odkh fjkqfjka remsh,a oyia .Kkla ho fjhs' kuq;a
lsis;a m%;HlaI w:hla ke;' tA NslaIQka Ou idlPd if,khlg j;a k"
ienekau fuh Bg;a jvd ho fldg meje;ah hq;=hs' tys m%;HlaI woyila ;sf'
tfy;a tl f,la lEu msKsiu fu;r rl;r f.jdf.k mef woyi
l=ulao@ fu n cd;shl;a hlsis hqKqjla we;sh yelso@ tA NslaIQkag ;u;uka jev
isk m<d;aj, wdydrfhka wvqjla ke;' kuq;a tA oka fok m<df;ys id.skak ksjd
.kakg wyr ke;s" <s jid .kakg fr lene,a,la ke;s wirKfhda fndfydah'
Tjqka .ek lsis;a fkdi,ld fun isky Wmojk foa lrkakg wo fn!oaOfhda
mqrej is;s' ienekau f w{dk is;a cd;sl mydksfha fya;=yq fj;a' rg
yokakg hk cd;sysff;ISka fjd .ek is;d ne,sh hq;=hs'
nqrcdKka jykafia judkj isho" ish .Kka NslaIQkag uy oka meje;ajQ ne
i|yka fjhs' th wo fuka fkdtla m<d;aj,ska NslaIQka tl;= fldg lsis;a woyila
ke;sj lrk okaula fkdh' pdldf yeisfrk nqrcdKka jykafia;a iu. ish
.Kka NslaIQyq j;s' tA msi h m<d;lg meKs g" tA m<d;a jeishka iska
Wkajykafia,dg i;aldr l< hq;=hs' tfia ke;fyd;a Wkajykafia,dg ;h /l
.kakg l%uhla ke;'
tA tA m<d;aj, jev isk NslaIQkg
a m<d;a jeishka iska ix.%y l< hq;=hs'
Wkajykafia,df.a iqjla fidhd ne,sh hq;=hs' th Tjqkf
a .a hq;=luhs' kuq;a wdydr
mdkdfhka lsis;a wvqmdvqjla ke;s NslaIQka ye;emau ish .Kka wE;ska jevujd" tA
NslaIQkag lror fldg okaf woyi l=ulao@ fufia mkaiShla kug" oyia kug
m%isoaO oka f uqyqK mdkakg isjk ;j;a wmrdOhla k i;aj>d;khhs' uia
udxY j<ok NslaIQka ish .Kkla tl kl tl ;eklg odkhla msKsi /iajk ne
k.;a g uialvldrfhda n,dfmdfrd;a;= iys;j fYaIfhka jemqr i;=ka ur;s'
wjika lrkakg m<uq" ;j jpk iaj,amhla lshkakg uu leue;af;' f woyia
jrojd f;are fkd .; hq;=hs' NslaIQkag okau kqjqukdh lshdj;a" keje;ah hq;=h
lshdj;a" isyskhlska fyda f;are fkd.; hq;=h's iqiS," iaiS, fNaoh .ek jdo
fkdfldg" jqjukd whg jqjukd ;ek okau fndai;aj .=Khhs' oka fokafka
;ukag mska .ekSug fkdj ,nkakdg iem u msKsihs' wo fndfyda fokd mskg lEor
fuka uq<d fkdtla ys foa lr;s' wkjYHjQ fohla" ksYaM, fohla" m%;HlaI
f;areula ke;s fohla wd.f ku lshd f.k w{dk f,i lsu mskalula jkafka
flfiao@ mskalula k wjYHjQ" m%{d iy.; jQ l%shdjla h hq;=hs' msfka kka wo
lrk fun jevj,ska rdYshlau rf cd;sfha" ukqIHhkaf.a wNHka;r ndysr foflau
msySug fya;= mj;akd ne kqjKe;shkag fmfka'
ix>r;akhg .sys me fomlaIhu wh;a ne lSfuka kqjK uo .syshlqg zzwms;a
ix>r;akhg wh;a fjuqhZZ hs wyxldrj l;d lrkakg bv ,nd.; yel' kuq;a" tA

wyxldr is;;a iu.u Tyq ix>r;akfhka fhdka ish oyia .Kkla wE;a jk ne
f;are .; hq;=hs' wuq;=u ;hla .; lrk meoafol=g;a ix>r;akhg wh;au
myiq fkdf' b;ska idudkH .sysfhl=g tys wka;.;u fld;r wmyiq l%shdjlao@
.sysme fomlaIhu ix>r;akhg wh;ah lshd .syshka iska meoaokag meje;ah hq;=
iudc pd;%hka" wdpdr iudpdrhka hul= ieyeis f,i blaujf;d;a ienekau th
b;d lK.dgqodhl lreKls' meoaodg .syshd iska .re lsu YsIag iudcfha yeu
l,ays u mj;akd hym;a is;ls' f lreKq ksis m fnod" i`od" kqjKska f;are
.; hq;=hs'
ISBN 955-20-823-9