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    question bank, modulation, frequency modulation, amplitude modulation

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    42 views130 pages

    Question Bank in Communications Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Ismaela Catipay
    question bank, modulation, frequency modulation, amplitude modulation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 130
    Preface Dacication ‘Acknowiedgement Question Bank 1 Question Bank 2 Question Bank 3 Question Bank 4 Question Benk § Question Bank 6 Question Bank 7 Queston Bank & Question Bank © Question Bank 10 Question Bank 11 Question Bank 12 Question Bank 13, Question Bank 14, Question Bank 15 Question Bank 16 CONTENTS Transmission Lines Racio Wave Propagation Antenna Noise ‘Amplitude Modulation (AM) Frequency Medulation (FM) Television and Facsimile Microwave Communications Satellte Communications ‘Muliplexing Racar Waveguides Data and Digital Communications Fiber Optics Telephony Acoustics Excel Review Center Awards Excel Review Cenier Topnotchers 1-1101-24 2=1102-14 3-103-24 4=1104—24 5110534 8-18-30 T-1107-4 B-1108-8 9-119-8 10-1 1010-8 N-1011-6 12-110 12-8 13-110 13-16 14-11014-18 15-110 15-8 18-11016-12 Aparailé-Wite line spaced at 1.27 cm has a diamster of 0.21 cm What is the characteristic impedance? Mw 2, = characleratc impedance (0) ce between Ho srr center 1 eer ( d= condor cater (an) 20 2527010522 276t0g 20127) Beer ioat 7, =29880 z,=300 ‘The charactoristic impedance is 300 ohms, ees Ina coaxial line if the waar diameteris O51 em ard the center conductor hes a iamatar of 22 om, What isthe Chatacterstic impedance? Mouew Z,= cheaters mpecanee (0) Doe anud dane (cn) geen ‘d= ier cenfucor diameter (om) gape Solution Raa: %,=1961093 ost on 2,=5040 2,~ 198109 ‘Tho characteristic impedanes is 50.4 ohms, (Question Dante —Svanamiesion Lines ((4 strate is formed using a multiayer | board (dielectric constant = 2). The is. 0.15 inch wie and 0.005 ‘and the PC board frst-ayer thlskness is 0.05 jnch thick, with an | ‘overall Doaid thickness of twee the sinale laysr. Whatisits characteristic impedance? ARS ne oo Vai 2, characte impedence (Q) 6) =reatie pemttity 1 PC board teins (nh bb =cemer track wih och) (c= terter track tines eh) neitbe solton ee | aorn[ooy®)| 2 40.05«2)__ 0.005 ) osrno.1s(o8- 22°) 25-1470 ‘he characteristic impedance is 14.7 ohms, = ___ Ina imprepery loaded transmission lira, determine the power rlloated from the load tie incident power et the load i. 900 Wand the reflecton coefficient Is ort 1 =e confer 1-3 ‘The Quostion Bank Savion = Communications En wpering (Volume 2 Question Banke} ~ Transmission Lines Solution Prat = Pe Ps =(0.71)%500) Pay = 252.05 W ‘The power reflectea from the load 252.05 W. Inwire communications aystem, calculate the retum loss in dB, ithe load impedance is 600 ohms end the characteristic impedance of the ine Is 4300 ohms, Nites 2,=loxd impedance (0) 2, = charactreticinpedence (2) Solution 4st, Retum oss (c8) -2010g| 2-22 clare al 600 1290 Fetum oss (48) =20I0g{ £20228) (G8) 20109 cop 300) olum ise (68) -9.54 68 The return loss of the line fe 8.54 dB, yy ‘The VEWR on a loss-Fee line of 50 chin | characteristic impedance is 4.2. | Deterrine the value of the purely | resisive load impedarce which ie new to be larger than 50 ohms. Nau: VOIR = vtage sting vate rats y= Lond resistance (9) 2, = charcterisicimpedance (2) Solution, R vse =F R= (vawayz,) R, =(42)80) F, =210 os ‘The value of purely resistive load impedance is 210 ohmns. Tes ‘A microstrip line is formed using 20.095 inch thick PC board (delectrc constant 1.8), wih a bottom ground plane and a single 0.15 inch wide, 0.008 inch thick — | | track on he top Whats it | characionste impacsros? Mai 2, =¢haraaisticinpedanes (0) 1 = relative pemitiny = PCa thieness (ich) tect re) rack hiciness (id) Solution or y( 830) Je tai "loa vc z 87 al. 5.98(0.095) Figs tai” Gots) 0.008 | 2-20 The characteristic Impedance ie 72.4 ohms. are Determine the impedance of a balanosd 2owire with unacual diameters 61 =12 fim an¢ e2 = 10 mm, The spacing between wires is 20 mi. 14 Matis Za —) d= dst ofthe wo anteras () = watsmited power (M 5, = ((@0)(150)(5:17) =15253 4-153,313 m ‘The antenna is 153,313 meters away from the mobile station. 2410 ees ‘Anvenna heights of ransmiting ane receiving antenna are fourd to be 20, ‘meters and 10 meters respectvaly What i the masimum distance of the two antennas if wopospheric transmssion i isc? Molson d= rato horizon distance (ai) y= eaneniting rte hoe (8) = receing arte ih (2) Solution a= J+ PR d= /2(20)(3.28) + /2(10)(8:28) g=1143+81 5-19.55 mioe ‘The two antennas are 19,56 miles apart. iene ‘The anienna is beam 90° above the ‘ground for optium transmission Determine the tansmssion range, if ionospheric transmission is used and virtual neight © 200 km, Asauming, the earth is fat Hotaton: R= trarsnsson race hn) h= viral eit (kr) ange oltrasmision (degrees) soto feral cathepsin th aD an 2020) ‘ano aR-6t3hn (Question Bank 2 Radio Wave Propagation «The transmission range is using fonosphere transmission is 683 km. PROBLEM 31 The anterna is beam 10° above the Fourd for epimum \ransrrission. Determine the transmisson range, it jenosaherie transmission is used and Virtual height is 209 km. tation: 4 = tarsi range nian be ave ef theeath (in) a= ears ais) = etal sgt i) we ot ransision Solution 4 xe27)| (157-017) on'(oee'2 a= 1504 4m, ‘The transmission range considering the earth's curvature is 1604 kr. PROBLEM 32 ‘The signal propagates in fresh water with an average conductivity of 23 Sim, Determine the attenuation coaficent if the relative peritivy of the medium ia ‘85 and signal frequency is 9 kh. Notation (= attention meficent (pm) a = angi frequen (rs) = condctiy (5/0) ‘The Question Bank Series — Communications Engineaving (Volume 2 Problems) Salution: i (a)Fratitienoseseary te evstutethe mt alee a 25 oor” 2e(Gocqj(es) ansavte®) OA Sat eran COREDIEEICETM) Clik ra 2 72.020 “The attenuation constant le 47202.x 10" Npim. ees ‘A micrawave radi links installed on @ hill 400 mhigh above the ground. The link is 10 km fom the ground staton, is salto transmit 10 W from @ parabole dish having a gain of 3000 over Isottepie. Calculate the Signal sirength recsived i the haight of tne ground: Staton 10 m operating requency at 200 Miz, Notation ec Hel tenth ofthe transiting aniema (V) Ea= eecic el stengh ofthe reeiog aniema (Vin) fv and = hag af ransniting and receieg ‘tsmas above refcing prem) = distance of he wo aniemas (1) r= sransnites owe W) = arsiting antenna poner gain Solution \30PS. (0)(70)(8900) 5, =048.63.V ‘nin, ) ag) ca {_42(109)(10)_ n= (24658) 7 ya0.000) | 99.34 mm The electric Meld strength received Is 92.34 mvim. finery 'AVAF radioie to be established via the enosphere. Assumirg the earth is at wth the etica frequency of & MHz, the angle of eevation is 45°. Calculate he ‘optimum working frequency earns INUF = rani usable equane 2) = catia requeney (He) (= inciercearae(dearees) So MUF=fsec0 Mur =t.sec(@0 1) MUF =8x 10° sec(90~48) MUF=74 Mie For ionasphati rarsmission OWF is 15% lower than MUF, tus OFW=0.85(MUF)=6 tale The optimum working frequency Is. 8 MHz. oes ‘An unknown medium wes weed in CCommunicaton system, Ifthe Characteristic mpedance ofthat medium Js 150 ohms, what isthe relative ormitvity’? a2 Molson: (4 characteristic impedance ce space (62) 2,= characteristic othe tnknewr medium (0) = elalve pein Solution The relative permittivity is 251, Ges ‘A shortwave tranemitter uses 2 skyvave propagator. Waatis the angle of fedence ifthe MUF is 19 MHz end the crlical frequency is 9 MHz? Thtatons: UF = main usable quency (Ha) Fe= arta frequency (2) B= ange ofinddenc (degrees) Solution #-The angle of Incidence Is 747°. Question Bank 2 -Radlo Wave Propagation EZ \Wratis the ortical angle of the signal when itpasses from glass, wth rettive pommittity of 7.8 nia air? Mota: 2. = cca ange (degres) £3 (elt nemtinty of ai rete pemitty of glss Soltien 6)=sIn [2] The critical angle of the signal Is 7a. iene ATV broadeast station hae trarsmiting antenna located 20 m ‘above the ground. What sine heat ‘above the around of the receiving ‘antanna 20 km from tha transmits? 4= rad oreo stance (hm) ‘y= taraniting antenna eight (m) 1 = teclngartena Feit (0) Solution: Peay 79m ‘The Question Bank Series — Gommunications Engineering (Volume 2 - Problems) «The height of the receiving antenna is, 7.9 meters. . PROBLEM 39 ‘What the anale of incidence of the |_| radio wave signal as it moves from aieto ‘)a29, ifthe angio of refraction is 8.2°7 Metations 0, = angle olracion (dees) sos,-( ffs ‘The angle of incidence fs 2.99" Question Bank 3 ANTENNA a44 ‘Tho Question Ranke Series — Communications Engineering (Volume 2 Problems) The helght of the receiving antenna is 7.9 meters. PROBLEM 39 What the angle of incidence of the ‘ado wave signal as itrmoves fom air to ss, ifthe angle ofrefracion i 8.2°7 Mutations ane orracon (degrees) angle older (degrees) ave petty or ative pert of ass Solution sind, _ The angle of incidence is 2.93°. Question Bank 3 i TN cee “Two haifwave dipole antennas are postiones for optimum tranemission and Feceplion. Calculate the open-circut ‘ollage induced in one 22 dipcle when | 20 Wotpower st 250 Ialz is radiate ‘Lfiom anther 122 cipate 100 hr away, Meat | Y= eben ret vag a espn (1) “= etic feldstengh (Vin) = eecueleagh #1 ade pene) ema pve cain F= dsc Fon arene (a) he voltage Induced at the feedpoint 1811932 uv, PROBLEM 2 bran entonna in a form of alinear "| conductor or en array of conducters, [Golculate tie ertecive length at 3 Mia, G=speed fit (m/s) 74> vavdeign im) anno? ag = Se bq 234.83 7 Oxi He A= 150m «The effective area of the antenna is 2677.6 mi eae Past ECE Board Problem ‘Aelical antenna has the following dimensions: pitch s 1/3 wavelength, amator is % wavelength and tums i 27. What the gain in dB? Vitali: ver gan (8) hak daneter(m) be of ims pich (n) vaveencth() Solution: o-ens( G=19208 ) ppteh of 1/4, used at 100 M27 (NS) 2. = vavesngth (0) (past ECE Board Problem an ee poh ws) at 10,000 MHz intended to have a ‘A dipole antenna requires to be teed G07) {= teaver (te) beamdth of 19 aegrees, Wit 20k of powerto produce a given | G(oB) = 10logts| 2] 8 signal strength to a particular distant | as tees Maas ont Ifthe edetion ofa reflector makes the same fold stengih avaistle wth an | @ =164 dB ‘i rz bean of pyran om inpul power ot 17 KW. viatisthe gain ¥ my (decrees) in dB obtained by the use of the were 1 460,26 Wee ‘Nath ofthe pyramidal torn (n), refactor? (Gain referrec to this 2=08e6m ie pastiulor pole). N=10'S 4. = waveleragth (mm) peasant PS ats a ‘Solution: Sn ‘The power gain of the helical antenna. eee ea ineBis 10.1. vith end effect (69 shat EA = tec eae goes) (=0.95(086) 52h Solution PROBLEM 22 Pact ECE Beard Problem ane oe The requncy of operation of ipo ‘Tho antenna length considering end ba : Ce ncn The aienra on gay | aie “a erg of 34m { Enea Vaoution eee G, 14k) 20: kW) ‘Past ECE Board Problem G, (ERP. ) kW antenna tength {rm} Minatsthe begh of simple quarter les {20Kw vee) Wave arenna ising a VHF Hecenoy of | >The width of the pyramidal aie aay 190.55 MHZ? . G(4B) - 100g) ni i Motion: LaTkW. G(4B) - 26 08 (0B requenigy (42) ba) ue ‘Solution: tem enh Past ECE Board Problem -aigeereeuted ‘ galleries 3-10 ‘The Question Bank Series—Commt 6 axichmis es 68 teaa2 Mie ‘ The operating frequency of the dipole antenna is 44.42 MHz. Gree ‘Past ECE Board Proviem ‘What the efteclive radiated power (ERP) of s repaster with 200 W {raremiting power outpul, 2 4B feedline loss, 2 6B duplexes loss, 948 circulator loss anc feedine antenna gan of 10 43? Mesut: ERP = eflectne railed power tH) = poner input tthe feedpoat F= varsnter poner output (W) Solution: ERP=(F,)(6) 29.8)(10)~ 390 W The offective radieted power is 386 W. LS ‘Past ECE Bosra Probiom Baus hed gan ote rsd Ged nethenes eter | Solio wananlogon te ver tf | araronra fal dela? mefvol Gulia tied ams ations Engineoring (Volume 2- Problems) Solution: % 4B gain = 20 og 2 9 oh 1 B gain = 20 log a8 gain =20 og; 48 gain =-6 where Vy= tn vq2ny _ The power gain of the receiving antenna is -6 0B. PROBLEM 35 ‘The actual length of the Mercont antenna used in AM transmit is 34 m, What isthe orerating frequency ofthe transmitter, fhe velocity fectoris 097 Talis 1, = antema eth (mn) = vailength(n) 4(94)= 138 Y% Ve Tia Vo _0.9(310") Raa ae <0 MHz The operating frequency of the transmitter is 4.98 MH, erred Whatis the ohmic resistence of the antenna, ithe efieiency of the antenna js 098 and the raiation resistance is 72 4 312 Nm: aa = radon resisance (0) a= ohmic estance (2) = antenaetcency Selutin: «The ohmic resistance of the antenna is3 fener Whats the gain of a halt-wave dipcle antenna ifthe antenna has an efficiency Of 82%? Maat = dred usin (8) = 214 8 br na vane dpe = power gat atc ave) ‘The powor gain of the antenna is 1.64. ‘Question Bank 3 Antenne ED ‘The cutout power of an Fm transmitter {25 W.IIthe gain of the anterns ‘eerred to isoropic is 50, whats the ER? ofthe antenna? Neca lective lctropicFaiated Power (46) x= pone pt (H) .e= gah win spect to boronic anton (25/50) 1 = tolog ERP SIRF=1OlogSn = 3097 dBW ERP EIRP 2.14 ERP= 28.89 da ERF=P.G., =1250W 97-214 The effective radiated power is 2883 dew. EE A sitelite tracking device uses a helical ‘antenna that is operating at 1 2GH2. IF the optimum diameter ofthe antonna is Bem and 10 turns, wht isthe gain of the antenna? Testis {6 power ain (68) ‘0=heiiameter (om) N= rambes of tums S= pith (cn) ‘A= wavelength (cn) = teeny iH) (c= spud fine (oe) Solution: ‘The Question Bark Series — Communications Engineering (Volume 2 Problems) ay (10\(6 25)| Sal zseal oth . The gain of the helical antenna with respect to Isotropic antenna Is 16:78 48. PROBLEM 40 ‘Ahelica shape anionna with ight turns Is used jo track o satelite that Is ‘peraiing at 12 GHz Ifthe spacing for the antenna is 10 cr, what isthe beamwidth ofthe antenna? Hvatem 6= pana an (8) 1 = ent on) aumie at tone eh = raven en) 1 eee (He) 42 each fey) ‘Solution «Tho beamwidth of a helical antenna is 289 degrees, ee ‘Acerlain helical antenra wih twelve tums s uses to operate at a frequency 9f 1.2GHz. What isthe total length of. the antenna?’ speed of gt (nis) Suton: s Na_(02)(28) a ae Bom axto" i 12x10" 25m «The antenna length is 75 em. free) ‘Ao earth satelite station nesded an antenna thal can ampliy 2600 tres bigger than the input signal Ifthe engneers assgned agreed to build an antenna with parabotc reflector end Operales el 3.4 GHz, what is Is diameter? Moan 1. = savlengh fen) 314 exuengy ie) G= arierna power ai (ules) Solution. 3xio! f Bax0" =582en “) Solution: The actual length of the antenna is 242m. ies An antenna with a racation fesstarce of 5002 and a loss resistance of 30, ‘eveives a 10 wats of powar from a ‘ronemittor. How much power 6 radiated. lp space? Maat Pay = per retest) =e poner (W), n1=arieme efideny Reg = radaton resistance (0) y= tealresiearce (2) y= ole resstance (2) Solution: Pes=nP Pg =0'9494(150W) P1151 W 3415 ‘Tho Question Ranke Series — Communications Engineering (Volume 2 Problems) ee SR yo Ry 90 Neath, 8043 n-ne The power radiated into space is. 14451 W. ree ‘Anvantenna wih rediaton resistance (of 75 ard a loss resistance of 52, Faecaives a 150 watts of power from a tranamiter. How much pow ie wasted? Matos Po= power dissipated Paint poner nemacticency fas = radation resistarce (2) r= tll esitince (0) y= omic resistance (2) Solution: Po=(t-miP, P, =(1-09375)160 Py=9378W where: Re Raa Re 75 7545 9973 ‘The power wasted is 9.375 W. eee What is the efficiency ofthe antenna if the raciation resistance is 720 and the i 11 = enennaecengy Nau = oan stance (Q) f= ohnicresistance (92) Solution R, — Rut 100% 7m : je100% (as) 973 x 100% 97.3% The efficiency of the antenna is 97.3% es ‘A half-wave dipole with a gain of 2.44 Bis fed, by means 0° lossiess, matched ina, by 2 25 watts transmitter. ‘Whats the electric feld strength of the signal measured 15 km from the antenna in ree space in the ditection of maximum radiation? Noir ev soopc Rated Power (M) inp poner (W) = antenna pone ain (28) ‘ec eld stent (Vin) tance em the antenna Solution Forhalfwave dipole, G=2.140Bi= 164 3416 P,=EIRP-=F,G. P, =25W(1.64)—41 W «The electric feld strength is 2.24 mien, ree ‘A transmitter suppled 125 watts of power to en antenna wth an efficiency (f 95%, Whet the, power density mosoured ai a distance of 30 km from the antenna in the direction of maximum fediation? Assume the transmission line is lossiess and perfectly matched. Rosato ‘p= poe: desi (Win) [BRP = Elec scaropcRadated Powe (W) tance fromthe aniesria (n) Solution: RP an” 426(085) 4x(aoni0°) P 40.5 nivim? 2-The power density is 10.5 nWim*. Gece ‘Adipele antenna is designed to have {94% efficiency. Deteimine the EIRP of ths antenna if t's fed by a 50 wats transmit Fe: pesca eh 02) Question Banke - Antonna The effective Isotropic radiated powaris 18.72 dBW. ee DDatermine the actual length of @ Marconiantenna operating at a frequency of 1625 kHz, Mt = arena ent) 2 long i) Cspot (vs) Solita: (o2)-(£Jo9 auc Sees °°) 35m ‘The actual length of the antenna is 43.05 m. PROBLEM 52 ‘A parabolic antenna used in the satelite ‘arth tation has beamwidth of 3°. Ifthe ‘antenna ls operaiing ata frequency of 14 GH, what isthe minimum diameter ofthe antenna? Route $= beam (dears) ‘A= wavelength im) 4 trepncy lH) c= apt fly (ie), Solution: 3-17 af ‘The Question Bank Series - Communications Engineering (Volume 2 Problems) ‘The minimum dish diameter is 0.6 m, ees ‘A parabolic anterina Used inthe satelite ‘earth siation has beamwidth of 3°. Wnat is the cain of he antenna f the antenna efficiency ie 85%? Motto arta power gi (niles) amas (dares) veveergt (m) dish dameter(m) oe : nd) é (PY ecuaton2 Suipstiute (1) In (2) (2) -2 3 The actual gain is (5373)(0.85)=4967 ‘The actual antenna power gain Is 4567. ‘A parabolic antenna used in the eaielite ‘earth station has beamwicth of 3. Calculate the effective area of 23m sigh with an ilumination efficiency of 0.7 at3.GHe Votan ‘a= elect area ofthe parotid i) ‘A= surface area of he preach |) lunnaton eficency Solution Ag =kA. 5) x(3)'] | Ag =O] Bug =A 95 9? “The effective area of tho parabolic antenna is 4.95 m1”. fice “The signal field sirenath 10 km fom the ‘Yagi antenna in te optimum direction is {2iriVim, end 180 degrees from the optimum drection athe same cistance the field strength is reduces to 2 mvimn. ‘Whats the Fontte-back ratio of the ‘antenna? Tat B= frontiebeck to = elec strenath (Vin) @) -iro i) “o-The frontte-back ratio ie 16.6 dB. Ee ‘A Yagi antenna must be fed with 5 KYW of power to produce the same field ‘strength ata given point as that of a hafwave cipole antenna fed with 10K of power. Determine the gain ofthe Yagi antenna relative fo isotropic. 318 Maan power gan refered to pale (80) = power gain refered ty isotopic (dBi) = input power of digle ater (W) = lanut power of Yaglentena (1) Solon Pi Gan = 1004(2) 0 on) wo Gy ~ Gag + 214.48 Guy =3+214=5.14 08) “The power gain of the antenna with Fesnect to isotropic antenna is, 544 dB. PROBLEM 57 ‘Two antennas are fed! with equal power It the power density measured of the anienna under testis 2 \Win and & Win? for the standard antenna: What 's the gan of the antenna under test feterred fo dide ifthe gan of te standard antenna is 20 dBi? tennis power gn ower dey (Wn) Solution: Gx =10log%% Gain relative to standard antennas 1G. -10!09 4) Gn=-5 48 ‘Question Bank 3 Antenna Galn rabtivete Kotrople antorns Gi=-6 48+ 3008) = 24 €81 Gain sltive to half wave dipole entonna Gye =24 Bi -2,14 68 Gy, = 21.86d34 ‘The antenna power gain referred to dipole i 24.85. eee ‘A Yagi antenna with ffont-io-back ratio. of 1008 radiates aowerof 10 watts in the opposite direction. Determine the power output of the transmitiey, the gain of the arena is 10 0B (assurne lossless transmission line and perfecly matched). Hosein F/B = fort» ack ato = artrna fate poner (H) ERP = fective otic Rasited Paver (H) seeing the fei (W) Solutio: Cel, fy -neot Bt roog'( 2) 00 Watts EIRP=P.6 IR “C) (100 =| RO) so wats ate Te au pave fe ras emer althe eed ote tres in sss, ‘The output power of the transmitter is 10W. ‘The Ouestion Banke Series — Communications Engineering (Volume 2- Probtems) ed ‘The power radiated on a dipole is 2.W. If the inpul power tothe antonna is 26 W anid the current fed is 2A, calculate the bimic resistance of the dpole. Nite Paver be th antenna seal o epee (0 ae (ae The impedance power amplifier is 16. Mitz, modulating frequency = 3 MHz, peak carrier voltage = 40 volts, and ‘peak modulation veltage is 30 volts, Calculate the poak veltage of the lower sideband fiequercy Psat as = pea volnge ofthe sidebar (V}) €.= peak carrer vtage (V) Ex = peak sqralvotage ( Solution ne, _(075)(40) aCe m-075 ‘The poak voltage of the lower sideband is 46 V. Gen ‘An AM sonal has a carrie frequency of 3 MHz and amplitude of 3 View, What the arrptude of the sidebars i the ‘Modulation Indexis 06? Nations Ey = anptude He sideband c= camer otage (pra) ‘m= modulation index Solution mes 0.6(3) _ 2 = 08M ©The amplitude of the sidebands Is ogy. 5.14 ene) ‘An AM trensmitler has an output power ‘of 30 kW. Ifthe last stage of the RE ‘amplifier has a gain of 20 cB and an efficiency of 75%, how much curent does this amplifier craw from a 125 V Neston effoency Hector cent (A) lleter voltage (V) Solution: ASW 350 ma a oe “The current drawn from the power Is 320mA, PROBLEM'41 Past ECE Board Problem A receiver has two uncoupled tuned Circuits before the mixer, each with a Q 6F5, The signal frequency is 100.4 Miz and IF is 10,7 MHz |f the local (scilator uses high-side Injection, what Js the image rejection ratio in 3? Motives IR= image eqiency ejection ato Q= qu factor al frequency (2) tered fecenc (2) t mage Foquency (Hz) Solution IR(0B) ~2010q fs Got IR(eB) = 2oloe (76) (6° ‘Quostion Banke 5 Amplitude Modulation (AM) IR(@B) = fy he 29.93.48, 121.5 10041 1215 100.4 100.1-2(10.7) f-121.5 Metz ©The image frequency rejection ratio 's29.33 4B. ee ‘An amplitids modulated signal has a ‘maximum postive envelope veltage of 44V anda mininum of 2. What Is the total iransmittad power i the carer power is 10 KW and suppressing one of the stdebande? Neato: 1 = tol ranenited poe (W) Po cai pone) P =r0(1-22 Pt14thW “The total power transmitted with one of the sidebands suppressed is 114.41 KW. ‘The Question Bank Series - Communications Engineering (Volume 2 -Frobiems) eee ‘The average callecior curent ofa irensislor RF amplifier eporating Clase Cis 250 mA. the efficiency of the ampiifisr is 50% and operating at SV supply, how much audio power is ‘needed for 100% modulation? oa , = suppl power) aude pover (i) mi P, = Vale = 50(0.25) P=1256 “The audio power needed for 100% modulation is 625 W. PROBLEM 44 ‘Past ECE Board Problem A ratio ransmitter has to operate at a tamperaiure of 34 degraes Celsius. If ts signal ie derived from a crystal eacilltor ‘with a temperature coefficient of pus 7 pom per degree Centigrade and it transmits at exactly 150 MHz at 20 degrees Certigrade, fird the transmiting frequency, Metal: {= ransmting frequency (He) {= transit fecuercy @ 20°C (He) tenperarecoecient reference tempera (°) ‘T= operating lenperatue (0) Solution: fatsH(r-1) f= 130 WH + [13104] 150 Nee)(94.C-200) (= 1800021 Nhe ‘The transmitting frequency is 40.0021 He. ees ‘A standard AM radio can receive signal from 585 — 1950 kHz fan AM receiver is tuned ot 854 kHz, what i the frequency ofthe image signal? Hotatio inage roqenc te) staal requency (2) ~ interest euency (He) Souiton $25 4 he -2(485 be) {1764 whe ‘Tho image frequency is 1784 kHz. tn ‘Past ECE Board Problem ‘An AM transmitter is modulated by tivo, sine waves at 1.5 kHz and 2.5 KH, with modulations of 20 percent end 60 percent respectively, Calcuiae the ‘effective moduation index Moat na.= efcive roclton ride or tot madltion lation dex ofthe wo Seal seuton Fen na ~\(020) (0807 mg <7, =D82 ©The effective modulation index is. 0.82 OTE ast ECE Board Problem Caleuale the powerin one sideband of fan ANI signal whose carrier power is 50 watts, The unmeduleted currant is 2A While the modulated current is 2.44, Musi: fsx = sdebanpine tH) 2.= caries poner) = polton ner on ae a= 8 ous 0.84 “The power of one sideband is 11 W. es An AM broadcast trensmitter has a sideband power output of 5 KW. Caculate the carrer power ifthe Mediation index is 0.5, (Question Bank §— Amplitude Medulation (AN) Metal: Pr = cal sideband power (N) Fe = elec pow = moduli nce ‘solution: ~The carvier poweris 40 kW. iene Past ECE Board Problem Ifa tranemiter supples 8 KW to the ‘anteme when tie unmodulaiod, termine the total radated power when modulated at 30%, alse = tol radiated power B caer power (4) rrphlaton inden Solution: (yim FoR wim =030 P, =8.98 kW ‘The total transmitted power le 836 KW. 5417 RENE: ‘Te Question Bank Series ~ Communications Enginoering (Volume 2 - Problem) eee) ‘An LC tuned sirtit is used to detect an {AN radio frequency band ranging fom 595 (0 1685 KHz. What i the bandwidth at 1695, ifs bandwidth is 12 kHz at 535 ke? Solution: ‘BY = Bandit (He) vaacarce(H) pactance (F) Solution: 1 ee Bn, <2 ov, = 21.9064 ©The bandwidth at 1685 kHzis, 2.36 KH ities A Clase C collector modulatod amplifier has an output carrier power of 100 W_ and an efficiency of 80%. Haw much audio power must be supplied to the ‘amplior for 100% medulation? sll pe(V) Ca pe vito modton aid pover(W) fen, atom Solution: mp, (25) sw ‘The audio power supplied is 92.6 W. Past ECE Board Problem What is the range of the upper sideband ofan amplitude moduaied signel whose carrier is 25 MHz end the nteligence component is 80 Hz to 20 kHz? Mottione upper seb quency (2) caer Fequeny 2) modaing Feuey Solution UsB= +h Usa =2.6 MHz + (60 Hete 20 kts) USB =2 50005 MHz to 252 MHz “The upper sideband frequency is from 250005 MHz to 2.52 MHz. ees) ‘An SSB trensmitter generates USB signal wth Vex = 10, Determine the peak envelope power across a 50.0 load resistance. Mottons PEP = peak enveope owe (W) V, = AM ave peak tage (¥) = lead restance (Q) ‘Solution 518 Loy. rE 160) pEP-1W “The PEP across the load is 1 W. See (CB ratio wave signal is developed using ‘9 ful-carior DSB-AM. For high ficolity, the system requres a fequency Fesponse from 50 Hz to 15 kHz. What ‘banvivicth would it used fo satisfy the Fequiromont? ean: 19 Ke) BW =30 kite p he bandwidth neaded for high fidelity is 30 Kitz. ae ‘The frequercy resnonse of an audio ‘signal that amplitude modulates the cartier signel is 6 48 down at26 kHz fiom ts level at 1.25 KHz. What will be the modulation index due to a 2.6 kHz ‘Sonal with the same signal at the input, if 1.25 kHz signal meduletes the carer to 96%? Maat: Vests Vszane = modulating vohage VY) Ye= care voltag®(V) N= rtusticnindes Solution: Vsix4ci8 6 48 down from is level at 25 ke, therefore; (Question Bank § ~ Amplitude Modulation (AN ‘ Vass 3 Yann From mY v. 65@ 1.252 Mi 25nete MG 0.85Ve = Mi, zonetz m= + ns Nese _ 24280) Ve (0.a8v.) Ve 425 “The modulation index at 2.6 kHz is 0.425, ee Inen AM transmitter, the fal RF power ample is hichleve modulated. The de supply voltage is 48 V with a tora current of3.5.A, How much AF power is required for 100% modulation? Maat: a= input pone () supply otage (1) FE ingutcarrent (A) AF poner) ‘Solution: Py = Val (4813.5) P, ~ 168 W. Fer 100% modulation, AF moduiating power is one half the input cower. z i aoe tle 7 = ‘The Question Bank Series — Communications Engineering (Volume 2 ~ Problems) The audio power roquired for 100% ‘modulation is 84 W. eee ‘An AM transmittar supplies 20 KW of ‘canior power o 2 75 ohm load Calculate the maximum instantaneous voltage the wil be developed across the Mats Yes = carr ohage (RMS) () R= load resistance (02) Sclutien ‘The maxmum instantaneous voaye that wil be developed across the load is equal to the peak voltage atthe load Men! R Vegas, = yPER = (20. 10°)(75) Vegas = 1225 V Vp=N2 (Vans) V, = 2 (1225)=1732 v “The maximum instantaneous voltage ig 732 V. eee ‘Whats the peak envelope power (PEP) ‘of @ SSB transmitter that produces a feak-toppock veltage of 178 V across 2 7B ohms artenra load? Matton PEP = peak emelope power po = peaclo-peak otace Ue=peakvetage Solution: Vp =89V Vine =O707Vy Vs = 62.92 Vans _ (02.992 R75 PEP—52.0W o7(88V) PEP “Tho peak envelope power developed scroas the load ie 52.8 W. Past ECE Board Problem What oscillator Fequercy is needed to heterodyne 826 kHz up (9 3.68 MHz? Maat {= loca escaor ragquency (2) {= sgualfrequney (te) (= intermediate raqueny (He) Seluien Assuming nigh side inecton is used For high-side Injection The local oscillator frequency is 4.208 Miz, PROBLEM 60 ‘An SSB system requires 100W of transmitted power for ofable twansmission. How much power Is reeded if DSBFC is used ristead of S83? Nato r= total power transited (W) Pa = sje stead poner (W) asrier power (W) moda index Soltion for SSB system Page =m? ‘assimem = 1 for worst-case condition 00 W p= 4 Fae 400 For DSEFC system neu) Mey “The power needed for DSBFC transmission Is 600 W. een ‘A cairier signals simultaneously Mduleted by two sine waves at 1.5 kHz and 0.8 KHz with modulation irdex 0.3 and 0.6 respectively, Calculate the total ‘meduletion index. f= efectve modula inex Solution my = Yfeme m= (0.3) +(0.0) = a7 “The effective modulation index is 087. (Question Bank 5 - Ammplitide Modulation (ANd) ian ‘ACB transmittor cuppies 2 total power ‘of 200 Wo an aerial, Supposed the caffier is modulated to a depth of 70 % Using DS3-FC AM. By how much vill the signa-ta-noiee ratio be improved it the modulation technique used is SSB Insiead of DSBFC AM? Matos oid sleaid poner) care over (W) SIN = dora tonic paver rao (48) Solution ° Net 8=Ne For SSB system 2B =p, -mtfe Pao =Pag = Pig = 245 W. (Q), -10000245-N Whe 2 S$) 2 2) -i0-m For DSB system s=249W. 8) oz =24-Ne ila Gila, Cia, a. = (24-N)-(14-N)=10 0B ©The signal-to-noise ratio Improvement is 10 4B. 5-21 z q oo a ‘The Question Bank Soties— Communications Engineering (Volume 2 - Problems) fees Past ECE Board Problem ‘What isthe oower in one sideband of an ‘AM sanal whose carier power is 300 W, with 80 percent modulation? Means: Ps. sidobaed poner (N) em care powcr (W) = moduatn index Solution: iP, 4 (0:80)*(s00w) (28) Gow) Pas a 4a Power in one of the sideband is 48 W. ce ‘A fitortypo SSB generaior uses an Ideal bandpass filter with a center frequency of 5 cO0 MHz and a bandwidth of 2.7 kHz. What frequenoy should be used forthe carier oscillator Ifthe generators to produce a USB signal witha basevend fequency response having @ lower limit of 280 He? Masao: f= cai requency (He): EM = bandit (i) {= over im Fequengy of te sign (4) Solution +280H2) =e 2 99897MHz eee ‘Past ECE Board Probes A transistor RF power amplifier ‘The local oscillator frequency Ie 19837 MH. ‘operating class C is dosignad to ‘Produce 40 W outputwith = supply ‘oltage of 60 V. Ifthe efficiensy is 70%, ‘what isthe average collector current? ees Pact ECE Board Problem: ‘What wll the total sidetiand power of the AM transmiting station whose ‘carrier power is 1200 Wanda modulation of 95%? Ruston pied power) Mesa ut power wbut modulation () Pay = total sideband power) > cir paver () rnauaton index Solion mth a = Page = 5415 W (0.95)! (1200) 2, S7.14W Dev ov 1 = 9524 mA ‘The average collector current is. 962.4 mA. “The total sideband power is 641.8 W. ‘ANAM signal has a carrier frequency of 115 Misz modulated by a single sine wave The medilated signal developed ees ‘A radio technician mesure 250 V ‘without moculation and 400 V with modulation atthe output of an AM ‘8 maximum positive envalope voltage of 8 V and a mirimum of 2 V. Whats the ‘agritude ofthe peak voltage of the Unmadulated carrie? tranemiter with 80 ohms resistive load Lising true-RMS reaging meter. What is the Mocuiaton inex of ie sgnal? Nation = caer votage (H) ‘rasmun ewalepe veltage(V) rina ervdope votage N) Nevins: Solution ‘otage wth modlaton (V) Okage thos mala (V) EqtEnn B42 ceaae 2 E-5V ‘The peek amplitude of the carriers BY. S-22 ‘Question Sank 5 Amplitude Medulation (AM) Since Ee Proce Fea Thi, “REA | m=0.78 The modulation index is 0.78. ‘Acceriain amateur radio station is tuned ‘at 200 kHz with an image fiequency at 480 K/12, Deterrine the termediate ‘requenty othe receiver. Tsai 1, = equency of he image sigral (He) radio Fequency (42) 460-200 2 f=190 bee. “The intermediate frequency of the receiver is 130 kHz, faeenec Past ECE Board Problem Whats the focal escilator requency range in commercial AM broacoast iit fs equal to 455 hte? Naasns: ne ecitorreqrey (2) legen (2) temadate frequen (2) ‘The Question Bank Series— Communications Engineering (Volume 2 Problems) Question Bank — Amplitide Modulation (AM) sa . /The impedance seen looking int the oe i Mp, = 2041 oy power amplifiers 1.28.0 Caen n= Dpancrage va (1) beso ea ire (=840+455 5 The sensitivity of the recsivor i 1 V- (Sase Box Board Probtem q = 990 KH Solution: Calculate the holsters lowest a ; or = 1600 Ke Frequonaes fora eubearirsigal al q per iatonses ~ Weak signal \Whet is the shape factor of the fiterif 10] | kHz J = 20582 a istundwa lreasindbeion Se \ (2) =2otegl | fand 30 Wis below 60 dB? ‘Tho oral oseltator frequency is 996 \Fiig As Matin eto 2065 kz. Yi gt (lFa)98 — Galera TE MS 2 Bigs ea ‘ hes eC (05 nV) log 2) B= anew (12) ilove ream A) ‘A superveterodyne receive! tunes at the 20, Solution: frequency range from 25 to 50 MHz 58 mV iSouition: What sth IF fequency ofthe caver 5 dll ‘if the range of the local oscillator is he ginal th gf = Sa t= fou +! piel SNe "Proant without Blocking 8.00 eV, a ey eee oe ac gp = 30 kHz 29 -600= 129 kHe i TMlotutems; 10 kHz i PROBLEM 73 The highostardiowstiequeneyie {= lea oxalator Yequency (He) ‘Arecelver can handle @ maximum The ehape factor of the flter ix 2. 4429 Kitz end 129 kHz respectively. Saal Frequency (2) ‘signal level of 100 mV without inkemesiat reuency (He) overloading. Ifthe AGC range in decibels is 100.8, what ihe (aus ee {| Soliton ‘Senaitviy oft recever? ‘Past ECE Board Probiem Rigied GAINES Bae 158 ‘An AN tanemiter uses hig evel Operating ata frequency of 425 kHz hatrh modulation, The RF power amplifier ‘The primery Qis 65 and the secondary since, >fo tus ow side njacion is usea "stone Gras 12.8 rom 922 suppl. puting | | ais 75, What the bandwith of the cel ‘ut carrer power of 140 watts, Wha, | | fonaatranstotmer? (OR = Dyranic range (48) t ou = stongest snl (I) {-25 MHe 10 Miz ‘Var = weakaat Sigal (V) (etme |_| impacance weuld be seen atthe ‘modulation transformer secondary? Tain eter Noun calc coe oton cg cr 2, = ingen (0) ui ac ate par Vic soy rola) aul cor athe seca = collector curert(A N-= une olheEansbmes (Hl) a “Antomecate frequency used is a sonepty ere wistad nets 45 MHz. a a eae aa the weekest thatthe receiver can faithfully amply, Ts DR. =20!09| Yo | sana requercy ofthe tuned cic (H3) Areceiver hes a sensitivity of 0.5 pV (Von) Solution: anda blocking dynamicrangeof 7048. | ___ Mise Whats he stongestsigralttatcants | Yor 7or ‘ | ets eee wa) ieee without blocking taking place? et ORs 5-24 525 | ‘The Quostion Bane Series - Communications Engineering = She foe =15(09149)=0.0296 BY) ha 8" - 0206465 KH) 19013 He The bandwidth of the tuned ‘transformer is 12,019 Hz, Gree 12W of poweris being supplied in the ‘medulating alii for 100 porcont modulation. Wha fs the carier power Uiput ofthe radia transmitter at an ficiency of 75%? Patio aud pave (). A gover (uth motion () cattery) Pop = Pe m= 1, Pa= Pos and Pe= Ps Reve, Pane, P, =0.75(24)=18w ‘The output carrier powor is 18 W. /olume 3 Problems) eee) A transmittes signal § meters in Wavelength is received by an antenna Cell having 2 50-0 resistance and a 0.01, H inductance, What isthe capacitance Df the tuner shunting the antenna cot at this pein’? Moja {,=esonance requercy (2) inductance (i) apastence (F) Solution: et nytt i oo UeiY A ieee at Gat, [ax(60x10°)F (09, c-0704 c_ 3x10! where: § = © = $23 ‘The capacitance of tne tuner is 0.704 fF. =60 MHz Ree Past ECE Board Problem ‘Assuming 100% modulation, what would be the transmitted power n the upper sideband of an AM signal ifthe oarier power is 1000 watts? Motion Pea upper sideband power (W) P= carr power i) ‘m= modulation nex Solution: ‘The transmitted nower of the lower and. Upper sideband ie equal fam = 5.26 an 7%) oso The setae en's 50 oe ‘Acerlain radio transmitter has a carrier ower cutaut of 160 W and an efficiency (0 60%, How much power is dissipated inthe transistor with 80% modulatien? oat to oer) poner (thou modator (ft) e= cies poner) Fe = auc pone (W) = donc a= power dsspaed (v) Solution: a P,=247 5W-180W = 48.5W (5) », =(901 2°) soew 2 Fe = 190 _ 47 sw oF a R ‘The power dissipated in the transistors 49.5 W. reir Past ECE Board Problem ‘ANAM transmitter uses 2 high level rodulation, The RF power amplifer funs from a 12 vol! souree, puting out a carer power of 5 waits, with an efficiency of 85%, what load impedance is require in oreor fori to daliver the rated power? : (Question Bank §— Amplitude Modulation (324) Tanto Yec= sore tage) Pear poner) A= ingedee (0) Solution: Me RR Ve (2h Ro p”2(85) a =0880 The load impedance is 0.85 \. Gees) ‘An AM mobile transmitter cuppios § AW of carrier power fo 8 50 chims load. The carrer signal is modulated by a3 kHz sine wave to a depth of €0 % ata frequency of 10 MHz, Determine the sidebardl power. esate Pea = Sioard powe (W) «ani power (WN) = nofulton nex The total sidebana power Is 1600 W. ee Part ECE Board Problem ithe percentege modulation of an AM amp is 86% and the modulating ‘sqqnal is 1 voll the carier has an amplitude of, S27 ‘The Question Bank Series ~ Commiunications Engineering (Volume 2 - Problems) Rte = peak moating votage V) r= peak carer vote (V edaaon ides Solution m=Ea, e, =m ee ey WW et av 088 The carrier voltage is 1.14 V ees AG/AM receiver uses low side injection for the local oscilator, with an IF of 455 kz. The local oscitaioris operating at 2.1. MHz. What is the image frequency ofthe signal? Mottin fio = local oscillator Frequency (H2) radio frequency (Hz) {= intermediate frequeriey (Hz) f, = frequency of the image signal (Hz) Solution + forlow-side injection f=f.-to ffott f,=2140.495=2.655 MHz for low side injocton f= f-25 , = 2.958 MHz 2(0.455 MHz) f= 1048 MHz ©The image frequency is 1.645 Mliz. EE ‘Past ECE Reard Problem An AM oignal has the folewng ‘haracerisics, the carrier ftecuenoy Is. 150 MHz; the modulating sional frequency is 3 kHz; the carrier voltage is 80 volts, where the modulating signal voltage (Ex) 30 volts. Find the peak voltage of the lower side frequency. Vjesn = peak vllage the over sifevand(V) r= car votage (V) Es peak nodulitig votage (V) mailed Solution me Nowak") ~"p En Noon) Youn) <2 18 naar) vier E,=mE, te) input requeney Ha) 1 Solution From fer fog =2(14-12) =4 neta “The capture range of the PLLis 4M, 65 ‘The Question Rank Sories ~ Communications Engineering (Volume 2 Problems) Nace: Te pure range bs aposimatey tice the ‘Solution erence between ere runing requengy ana The feuerey at wc ack fst ative rere Past ECE Board Problem ‘What the frequency swing of an FM broadcast transmiter when modulated 80%? Moan: RM = percent modilation Bu = cual requenty deralion (2) na = matimum Frequency dation (He) ‘Solution, 5, -73bHe)(00%) 00% Bya= BO kt where fer FA broadcast Spm =78 Wi s-The frequency ewing of an FM ‘broadcast transmitter fs 60 KHz. Eres Past ECE Reard Problem Determine the modulation indox of a standard FM broadcast having a hypothetical maximum carer Frequency aviation of +42 kis ang a maximum modilating frequency of 4 kHz Retaioes m= meduation nds a = mas feauency evan (He) {= medating frequency (2) jon Index of a standard FM broadeastis 3, ene Past ECE Board Problent Watts the moculation index of an FM tuansmitter whose frequency deviation is ED kHz, while its aucia frequency is 10, kee? Maatons ‘osvaton nies a= acta remind (2) oditnaeqery (He) Solutien: «The modulation index of an FM transmitter i 5. as Past ECE Board Problem ‘The carier swing necessary to provide 0% modulation in tho FM Broedoasting band is Netais 26M = percent modulation Bes = acta regency dein (2) Br = masa frequency deviation (He) 6s ‘Solution: i sean = S08 x $00% Bn cs. fie som 5, 700 Bee 2hnee CS. = 2Mnax .8,=2(0.80)(75) - 120 kre 8. ". «The earrior ewing is 120 kHz ene ‘A0\FM signal has @ osnter requency of 4100 MHz but is swinging between 100.01 MHz and 99.99 IMHz at 2 rate of 100 tines per second. What s the rrodulaton index of the signa’? eengy devation (He) rodulting esc) Saiution ‘The inaligence fraquency ie equal to the fate af change ofthe cari frequency. ‘Therafore fy = 100 Hz The modulation index is 100. (Question Bank 6 = Frequency Modulation (FM) Genes Ifthe frequency fed to the pro-amplifir of besie transmitter with multipliers is, composed ofa pair of tiplers and a doubler muti S 198 MHz What ‘requency should the oscilaior operate? Ratios fou = cutout of mati rats (a) put cl clo cuts (He) Solution: rir | posi} > geet aed Be It Ter Multpler Circuits 19BMEZ yy ynie 8 «The operating frequency of the ‘oscillator is 14. MHz. ee) For corrmercal FM broadcasting the ‘maximum permissible range in ‘modulation indox ie § - 2509, What is the maxmum bandwidth needed for this, sysiem? Toa w= Bana (Hz) 3 = frequency deviation (H2) 4, = modulating reuency (2) Solution: For commercial FM broadcasting Byuc =75 KH o7 ‘The Question Bank Series Gormmunications Engineering (Volume 2 - Probioms) ‘Question Bank 6 - Frequency Modulation (EM) PROBLEM 24 fries The transmiting frequency Is. % 148.002175 MHz. ‘Caleulats the frequency deviation of an ‘The output signal of = PM demodulator na FEROS eiceueenie| Gee seater ne one osteo) Ml BAe {= ca enue ) i ofthe moduator 2/2) = peak amp fhe medlatng sgl VY) me oo ao erase nee N=9(t075-479)=200 5a =20 eI V(354V) radian ms uae The FM chan is 298 or eras (rt Pn Ei ae A portable radio transmitter nas to a operate at temperatures fiom - 5 a Tea \,, = v2(25)=354v a degrees (0 35 degrees C.Ifitssianalis | (Ths instantaneous valve of the Srenumasteacsttece | | senses elses agree cartigrade, and it renernit at exaclly 145 Mltz at20 degrees ©, find the tansmttng reuency ai 3 dearees ‘operating at a carer frequency of 88 MHz. Determine the output Frequency of the modulator ees Find the ceviation ratio of an FM. n broadcast transmit ithe frequency of Messin satis the modvlatag signal varies Fam 30 Hz |. The sensitivity of the modulator is to 20KHe 0.97 rea 1, opt repay fhe mdr (ke ‘r= operating requency at temperature T Cae Sa dlr (He) 1, = parti tency telrcsempeatreT. = seg tat me nT ETID pau ct yerdeyeecerake EL mai ynatage R= Devin ao ‘APMtransmiter produces a maxrrum cue Solution ra = maximum frequency devaton (He) pphace shit of 2/3 rad for a modulating se = rraxenurn modulating frequency (Hz) frequency of $0 Hz, What is the: ff tk (1) igeteke, ‘marimum feequency deviaton of the sr system? f= 145 Mite + (1x10) (145410°)(@5-20) Solon: yer fo, = (s8xtotHte)+ (25x107H2/V)(-2v) ; = 145,002175 MHz fig ~ 87.95 MH 5 pata Rast ‘Ne: tte em pars peril pen tes tow many. The output freq A .n1= FM moan index 2 0 output rs hile 5 sie lilsaslnairhmiiceas nodari pg TOR 375 5 = feng dation) for ever 2,600 He of frequen - tng frequency (Hz) 100-9pn deviation on a 10 MHz crystal means. Helse ea EAS) that the aual frequency culé be 10x 100 59m “The daviation ratio of an FIM. Se pea cena 1000 He plus or minus 1 broadcast transmittoris 3.75. 6s 6-3 a ‘The Question Bank Series ~ Communications Engineering (Volume 2 - Problems) Solution: Fora PMsystem, modulation indexis equal to peak phase deviation, =the Then, 1=(000He§)=94 He ‘The maximum frequency deviation of the system is 314 He. res -{ An FM cormmunicaton system has a sensitivity of f= 3 kH2 A How much phase deviation does it oraduce wih a sinte wave input of 3 V peak ata frequency of 2 kHz? Tats m= FH modulation inex {= frequency desaton (42) odin Hegieney (1) 8=(SéH2!V)(3V) ake Fora PM system, modulation indexis ‘equal to peak ohase deviation ‘The poak phase deviation fe 4.8 rad, fierce An FM broadcast transmitter rated Dutput pawar is SW. What is the posk voltage developed across a 50 chms. resistive load? Notations P= onfput pone (N) = peahvaltege across he oa (V) y= losdresivarce (A) Solution «The peak voltage developed across ‘tho load fe 22.24 V. ees ‘An FM system has a modilaton index 0f3 and its corresponding Bessel cooffcient, J, =-0.25; J:= 0.34; 42 = 049, Js = 0.31, Pad the RMS Carrier voltage ithe total power is § W, devecoped across a50 chms resstve Naat: V-=veltape level atthe lead (V) Ves vatagelesl ofthe carer (¥) fessel coeticen of the cebends Solution J, =-026; 4-034; 4-049; 4-031 Va d.¥e =hklvr=(026)/188)-4 14v 610 Vp = (660) =15.8V. ‘The RMS carrier voltage is 414 V. es ‘Suppose the total power of an FM signal is TW. Whatis the power of the second sideband f the modulation index is 3? Jou “0.26; J1= 0.34; Js 0.40; Jp = 0.91 sat P= taal per trenamitd (i) Fi = cates power 1 Bessel coefent of he siebands Solution: from ahi [i s2(0? wee? +.)] Therefore: Pe=2irP, P, =2(0. 49) (7) Noe P) Pei ainel oeRcess wecensileed : The power of the second sideband is 2AW. ieee ‘An EM broadcast irensmitterhas a deviation of 25 kHz and a modulating fequency of 8 KHe, Calculate the power that is unaccounted, ifthe total power Pr Is 10W. Jo 43, theo ‘Question Bank 6 - Frequency Modulation (FM) N Py = pvertrensited (W) PL Pi,Pe.«. = carer power, fest sideband pow, second sideband pove.W) 1 Bess ceticet of te scebands ta transite power (0) = unuccerted paver) Solution m3 1, =-02%: 4,=034 J, =031 Fr, =P +2(P,+ Pa +P) Pry =dsPs + 2( N°, + B?P + 4"Pr) Py, =(0.28)(10) + (2(0 4) 00)+(048700)+(034"49)] P,-972N thus PRP P,=10-9112-0286 7 «The unaccounted power is 0.288 W. ee ‘Acetiain FM station transmitted 2 ‘modulating frequency of 25 kH2 and = frequency deviation of 75 kHz. What is the approzimate signalto-roise ratio at the detector output the signal-to-noise ratio at the input tothe receiver detector is 20487 tao Y= signal vatage(\) Yy= nosevatage(V) (= peek phase deviation rad) 3, = peak requeny deviation (He) y= FN odation index |, = motuatgfrequercy (He) 6-14 ‘The Question Bank Series ering (Volum -cbloms) Solution The modulation index of an FM broadcast station is 5. EE ‘AN FU signal wth modulation index of 4 and modulating frequency of 8 kHz. ‘Whats the frequency deviaton of the signal? Mastin = FO modi ride owusiey devon (2) rauatngrequercy (te) 5, = Mah But noise can intarere only ifthe frequency of nalee is the same asthe frequency ofthe sianal thus, 8, =Mnfy =(0-1)(29 kH2) = 2 542 Solution: “The frequency deviation is 32 kHz. PROBLEM 34 ‘Accarlain FM modulator has le HIV. Suppose the peak ampliude of the modulating signal is 3 V ate frequency of kHz, cetermne the ‘modulaton index cf the signal GTeTEy ‘An FM broadest station transmis a 9 kz test tone, ard a frequency deviation OF 15 kliz Botermine the modulation index. Soition y= mediation index regency dedatio (2) odulaigrequeey (Hs) in = peak amplce of te madulaing sara Vy) FM mailaton eden {= frequen dation (He) f, = modulating rouency He) Solution: Vp 5 =(25KH2/V)(3) O75 he TBietiz (She Soluton "The modulation index of the signal is 28. PROBLEM 35 “The ouiput frequency of the medulator Ingreases by 50 kHz, What is the de \oliage appiied othe FM modulator, the deviation sensitivity is 25 KHoV? Molto B= teqency deaton (He) esi (ie) peak anplude ote modulating Sn (V) Ys Solution 6 kee as x kK 0 ite Biv “The de voltage applied to the FM modulator ie 2 V. Beene ‘The maximum nstentaneous frequency Ofthe modulated signal is 95.05 MHz. if 6 ke signal modulates 3 95 MHz Carrier calculate the meduletion index of the signal Potato Jee istanianeous equ (He) f= carer requency He) 8 freqency devin He) = moaulation nex {= modilating Frequency (2) Solution tet28 et - The modulation index of the signal is 10. ‘APM signal has a RMS signal of 3 Vat frequency of 3 kHz Ihe modulation Index of the signal is 15, determine the sersitvty ofthe modulator Mua H modulation ex 1h, peak phase cevaton (ad y= sensi ra) a= peak ample othe nodultieg Sana) Solution ‘The sensitivity of the modulator is 3.64 radNV. eee ‘The modulation index of the PM signal ‘62 fa modulating saral that has ‘amplitude of 50 mV ata frequency of KHz phase modulates 90 be carrier signal whet would be the new modulation index ofthe sional? Assume thatthe ampltude of the modulating signal inoreased by 50% y= FMimaddaton redox (8, pea phase devton (at) 613 ‘The Question Fark Series — Communications Engineering (Volume 2 Problems) = cnet (ad) Ye= peak ampluse ofthe mocling sonal (V) Solution: 1, ~(40rediv)[0.96 (18)] 3 where Venom = Mavass + 9-5 Vaca ‘The new modulation index ie 3. PROBLEM 39 ‘A sine wave of frequency 15 kHz frequency-modulates a cartier at 101 + MHz. Tho peak froguercy deviation ie 75 KHz. Determine the peak amplitude of the modulating signal the sensitvty Of the modulators 50 raciV. Main 1m, = PMmodaion index 4 peak phase devin (ra) = sensi (aah) ea amplitude tthe mardating sql (V) 8 = froqurcy deviation He) Solution 8=kVoh rome ~ (Gerasiv) (te Kray where: ft 4 =hMn ‘The peak amplitude of the modulating signal is 100 mv. TE ‘With 2 maximum froquensy deviation of 75 kt, what is te maximum phase ‘deviation tat can be present in an FM ‘radio broadcast sional, assuming Iransmits @ baseband frequency of 60 Heo 20Ki122 Tate hoa) maxima meddatonindee qu = Maxum frequency dation (2 {= modulaing Fequenc (| Souuton: “The maximum mesulatien index of the signal occur whan frequency of the ‘modulating signal is minimum, thus 5 In Ske 50 Hz 1600 ‘The maximum phase modulation Index is 1590 rad. ee ‘The phase shif of 2 phase medulatod ‘signal ic 86°, Whats the modulation index of he sad signal? ‘Ab = phase sit (ad) mm, = FMmadator index Solution: 49-06 x #80 Fa $ rad (Question Bank 6 - Frequency Modulation (FM) Fo! PM system, modulation inex is equal fo the phase deviation ofthe signal a8 Tho modulation index ie 45. ier Determine the modulation index of an FMsignal ven tha the modulating froquency is 25 kHz ard frequency deviation of 75 KH. Hts: in) FM modatin ide reqency cevaton 2) liting ee) (H2) Solution ‘The modulation Index of the signal is 3. PROBLEM 43 ‘Suppose a certain FM signal uses 2 ‘Fequency deviation of 100 KHz end @ ‘modulating index of 5. Calcuiate the bandweth using Carson's rue. Maton Bi = Gabi) 3 = msn Fequency dean a) ‘acm nota equ (2) 2 MOH oi Na ow 264) Wi 2(100 ke +20 Khe) =240 ee +The bandwieth using Carson's rule Is. 240 ke. See ‘Ad FM station tranamits 100 W of ower, Iftie moduation index of he Signal is 7, how much power is transmitted atthe earier frequency if |= ci Bessel coef = tol rast power Selution: From the Bessel Function Tabe. m= Tide “The power transmitted at the carrier froquency is 16 W. Es ‘A.50 ohms dummy load 's used to test a Caitain FM station Suppose the ‘meacured power is 125, what ie tho Voltage level ofthe second sidebard if frequency cf 5 kre test tone is used nd 12 10 kHz frequency deviation? Note from Besse Table m= 2; J2= 0.35 Novation j= vehage measired atthe ead (V) P= tcaltransnite pore () iad esstnce(O) Solution V, = C2510) v= d\, Ny =0.95(25V)= 8 75\ ses ‘The voltage level of the second Sideband IS 8.78 Vine. anes ‘An FM recelvar sigetands. Ifthe total power ofthe sional), deValion of 25 kHe, ard a meduletion index of 10, what ie the receive? Moai Pa Pi,Po «= Gaver powers stesand power, second sideband power. 1 = Besel coeficient ofthe sesband Ph = transi power () Salition Fon P =P, Ths; Py Peli 22 4242) Pe =(0.22)°+2(0.507 + 200,957 Py, - 0.9662 100% 962% of P+ 2(47 +2 142 oJ) 96.62 % of the carrier will be tranemitted sufficiently receives ‘only the carrier ord tho frst wo ees of sional is 20W (‘gnore any losses in the perceniage ofthe toa! Signal power wil ‘Communications Enginsering (Volume 2-Problemis) eT ‘An FM receiver siffiiertly receives enly the carter and the frst two sots of sidebands. Ifthe total power ofthe signal is 10W (gnore any losses in the signal), deviation is 25 kHz, and the ‘medulation index ie 10, how much power is ransiritied a the cartier Natt Pa Pi Poo» = cate power, sidebar! pone, Second sideband rover 1 Basel cceficen othe sbince = rast power Solution From a fe saweursurs)] Pash, P, =(0.22)'(10)= 484 mw ‘The power transmitted at the carrier frequency ie 484 mW. er ‘The calculated banawisth using Garson’ rule is 40 KH i the moduiating ffoguency of the signalic 5 kH2, Using the same signal, vat s the banawe f ‘sidebands with more than 1% of he signal volage are consicered? Moin = ruben sidebars Solution: BW=2(5+f,) BKM 15 kHe frequency? ) Quattion Rani: 6 =Froquoxey Modalation (FM) fn 18 KHz Bkdle Using Bessel Funston Table BW — 2h, BW = 2(5 KH2)(6) —60 kt where:m=3 N= ‘Tho bandwidth of the signal ie GO KHZ, GE ‘An FM transmitter operates with @ Cartier power of {OW Wat ic the total signal power ifthe modulation index of ‘the signal's 57 Ma: Ye = caer votage (9), carer power 1H) loadresizarce (2) xu frequency devin (t) axa mdulaing Frequency (He) Mimedlaton dex V, = 0H) =3 16 Using Bessel Function Table @m=5,J,=018 v: views a Vp 218 17.57 Vu oe v2 _ (1787) p= ME 08 W Use ams : The total signal power ie 300 W, re ‘The maximum phase deviation given to the signal by the noise vatege 130.01 radian. What isthe signal-te-noise ratio atthedetectors input? Most du = phase deviation duet noice ra) = aoe votage IV) = sanalvotage(V| SIN= sgnlt-rie poweatio. Solution: “The signalto-notse ratios 40 dB. Gun ‘An FM receiver detects a 100 mV signal, A spurious signal i algo detected by the receiver that resulled to an SIN cf 40 dB at ine detectors output, Determine the minimum SIN ratio at the detestor's output if he medulating Frequency is 2 kHz ard frequency deviation of 80 KHz. Matin ‘91 = pase deviation du onise (a) = phase deition du to signal (ad) ‘se vote (1) V,= anal otage (V) 6-17 ‘The Question Rank Serias Communications Enginesring (Volume 2 Problems) S/N signa-o-p05e paves aio Solution: {= molting equ) = Solution {,=994+2(107)-1205 MHz Renee f . 4205 90.41 98.1 1208 \re(a5F (0389) 0393 R Iq = 20log(17.74) =25 dB 1774 The image frequency rejection ratio in dB ie 26 da. Tee ‘An FM delector feceves an FM sagnal ‘witha daviation of 15 ke. What isthe pock-to-peak output voltage of the detecir fits senstiiy is 75 uV/He? Metation 8) 1 Gl bigs ae Ya = peakpc te ne ting al sens (Ve) The signal-to-noise ratio at the 3 = frequency devation He) detector’s input is 12 dB. Yps= pral-to-pea ouput vaage(¥) Solution: eee Va=k8 ‘AN FM recelver is tuned at 89.1 MHz Is Whats the image frequency rejecton 1) a ena Tato he rcelverconsats ofasingle | Vo~|7tq |'S4¥) Aunad ofeut with Q oF 487 va vod Mataios Vp p~2(4.126v)-2.28V I= image fequenc rejection ato gral Keune IH) ana requency(H2) ineredite equency (2) = gusty facta

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