Phc Trnh Thc Tp Ha Hu C 2

Nguyn Ton Anh.........................2102225

Phan Ph Bnh .............................2102229
L Cng Danh...............................2102230
ng Ka il..................................2102238

BI 6: PHN NG OXI HA
IU CH BENZOIC ACID
I.

Mc ch
iu ch benzoic acid thng qua phn ng oxi ha. Dng tc nhn l KMnO 4 oxi ha
toluene, sau acid ha bng acid HCl s thu c sn phm l benzoic acid.
II.
C s l thuyt
Qu trnh oxi ha c tin hnh nh cc tc nhn oxi ha gi l cht oxi ha. Tc dng
ca cht oxi ha i vi cc cht hu c ph thuc vo c tinh, bn cht ha hc ca cht oxi
ha nhit , nng tc nhn.
V d: khi oxi ha amin bng acid cromic to thnh quinon, bng kali permanganat
trong mi trng trung tnh hoc kim c azobenzen.
Cht oxi ha thng dng l : KMnO4,K2Cr2O7, CrO3, O2, khng kh, O3,
Di y trnh by s lc mt vi tc nhn oxi ha quan trng nht.
1. Kali bicromat (K2Cr2O7)
Phn ng c tin hnh trong acid sunfuric long;
K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4
294
392

K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3
174
398

4H2O + 3O
72
48

29.4g K2Cr2O7 tng ng vi 0.48g Oxi hot ng

Phng php thng dng oxi ha alcol bc 1, bc 2 mch nhnh ca hp cht thm
thnh nhm carbonyl tng ng; hoc oxi ha thnh nhm methylene v methyl lien kt vi
vng thm thnh alcol hoc oxi ha amin thnh quinon tng ng.
2. Kali permanganat (KMnO4)
Kali permanganate l cht oxi ha thng dng nht vi cc nng khc nhau trong
mi trng trung tnh hoc kim.
a. Oxi ha trong mi trng trung tnh
Kh nng oxi ha
KMnO4 + H2O
315.6
18

2MnO2
173.6

2KOH
112

3O
48

Dung dch 3.16 g KMnO4 trong 1 lt nc tng ng 0.48g oxi hot ng.
trung tnh ca mi trng t c khi trung ha KOH bng CO 2 hoc bng cch
them mui magi hoc mui nhm.
Phn ng cng c th tin hnh trong dd acetone
Phn ng oxi ha bng KMnO 4 trong mi trng trung tnh c dng to hp cht
glycol t hp cht ni i (Phn ng Wagner) oxi ha nhm ethyl gn vi nhn thm thnh
acetyl.

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Phc Trnh Thc Tp Ha Hu C 2

b. Oxy ha trong mi trng kim

Phn ng c dng biu din nh trn. KOH to thnh gy nn mi trng kim
hoc thm vo dd mt lng nh KOH.
MnO2 to thnh trong phn ng thng hp th mt lng ln sn phm.
Phng php thng dng oxy ha alcol bc 1, aldehyde, mch nhnh bo ca vng
thm thnh acid tng ng hoc oxi ha nhm methyl trong methylacetone thm thnh -ceto
acid thm.
c. Oxy ha trong mi trng acid
Kh nng oxi ha:
2 KMnO4
315.6

3H2SO4
294

K2SO4
174

2MnSO4 +
302

3H2O + 5O
54
80

Dd 3.16g KMnO4 trong 1 lt nc tng ng 0.8g oxy hot ng.

Phng php ny t c dng , ch c s dng trong mt s trng hp c bit v
km theo cc phn ng ph.
Phng trnh phn ng iu ch acid benzoic:
C6H5CH3 + KMnO4
C6H5COOK

C6H5COOK

HCl

2MnO2 +KOH + H2O

C6H5COOH +

KCl

Acid benzoic v cc dn xut ca acid benzoic c s dng trong thc phm, m phm
v cc linh vc khc.
III. Cc bc tin hnh
Bc 1: Cho 1,5 g toluene + 15 ml nc + 1 g NaOH + 30 ml KMnO 4 15% v
mt t bt vo bnh cu y trn 100 ml. Lp bnh phn ng vo h thng un hon
lu v un bnh phn ng trong 1 gi (tnh t thi im dd bt u si)
Bc 2: (ch : sau khi un xong, nu thy dung dch trong bnh vn cn mu
tm, th cho thm vo bnh 6 ml ethanol vo bnh phn ng). Lc b kt ta MnO 2 v
ra 2-3 ln bng nc si (mi ln 5 ml). (mc ch: v MnO2 to thnh hp ph mt
phn sn phm tao thnh, nn vic ra gip thu c nhiu sn phm hn)
Bc 3: acid ha dung dch thu c bng 3 ml dung dch HCl 6M. lm lnh
dung dch thu c trong nc , ch sn phm kt tinh. Lc tinh th bng my lc p
sut thp, ra bng nc lnh v sy kh. Cn sn phm m= 0,2453g
Ch : Nu dung dch khng kt tinh c c th thc hin mt s bin php sau
gip cho vic kt tinh sn phm c th din ra c d dng hn.
a cc dung dch ln bp un nng mt thi gian => lm cho dung dch bay
hi, gim bt th tch dung mi=> lm cho dung dch tr nn bo ha.
Thm vo dung dch tng git acid HCl => c th sn phm cha chuyn ht
thnh acid m cn dng mui benzoate; vic lm ny gip cho sn phm thu c c
thnh phn benzoic acid nhiu hn.
Thm vo cc 1 t tinh th benzoic acid => to mn kt tinh cho dung dch.
IV.
Cu hi
1. tnh hiu sut ca phn ng:
Phng trnh phn ng:

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Phc Trnh Thc Tp Ha Hu C 2

C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4 = C6H5COOK + KOH + 2MnO2 + H2O

0,0163(mol)
0,0163(mol)
C6H5COOK + HCl = C6H5COOH + KCl
0,0163(mol)
0,0163(mol)
1,5
0,0163 (mol )
92
S gam benzoic acid thu c theo l thuyt: macid 0,0163 122 1,9886( g )

S mol ca toluene: ntoluene

S gam benzoic acid thu c theo thc t: 0,2453 (g)

Vy hiu sut ca phn ng l:

H%

0,2453
100% 12,34%
1,9886

2. Kh nng ha tan ca benzoic acid trong cc dung mi ln lt nh sau:

Nc: tan rt t, c th xem nh khng tan.
Nguyn nhn: v benzoic acid l mt cht hu c nn tan km trong dung mi l nc.
bn cnh , do benzoic acid c vng benzene lm cho phn t tr nn cng knh, y cng l
nguyn nhn lm cho benzoic acid tan km trong nc.
Clorofoc: tan tt.
Axeton: tan hon ton.
Ru metylic: tan hon ton.
Nhn xt: c ba dung mi trn u l dung mi hu c nn c th ha tan tt cht hu
c nh benzoic acid.
3. ng dng ca benzioc acid v dn xut ca n:
Acid bezoic c ng dng trong dc phm, m phm, thc phm, kem nh rng.

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