Professional Documents
Culture Documents
11 MD BM 10
11 MD BM 10
]]* ][k_[
`c
a= cMc [\ [Zcf LNje jacL[ jh cc[ a_S*
][k _ @QeZ J DneZ @_L \e @d\ @jLe aa]e TX j
LeR L _a Q_ Lcj_*
jk ]]*
j][c aa] ][k _[e
jc jc V`dBR ahi Le, _S HL jc^ _L `]e \B jw
a_S @_ HL j^_- jhj[ jc^ _L @_ _e cd] l Lm
bf dD ][k _ ca ]BR [k Laf ]b NS_L _k,
Oe _t_
_a Q_ Lcj_* jk `c
a= cMc* aa]e cfe ekR eS
jeLe* `q SZ @^Le* a]f hjL [Zcf LNj j`le
`l`[[ _B QeS
Z Hj`
Ha SZ Sm `f* ae^e ae^
]f `le @b dN @ZNm ae^* @b dN \m d, j
@^Le* LdLf` `l`[` J jc_ _S _S `]e aS
ek m @a^ J c _a Q_ a^` ka _a Q_ Lcj_ @b dNe
[] `e j `qSZ @^Le* a]f `B _]h ]m _a Q_
Lcj_* @]he ahi Le @jbaL _\m @_e`
@b dN
D`e @_ eSe c^ @$je* _a Q_ Lde kVB ]@dBR
_LVe JXh
e jc_ `Le @b dN Lc _a Q_ Lcj_ [_S
Z
Sm `f Ha SZ X@BS `k `mj @^Le* _a Q_ Lde kVB
]B\m _a Q_ Lcj_* @]he ahi @jbaL[ _\a
af Hk D`e cMc* `[L
\m j ba @jbaL
_a Q_ Lcj_* _]he l cMc a]f @]h LdLe
Lea
L c_ Le ]m $fe eS jeLe J _a Q_ Lcj_*
c^e HL ckck `ey [
j km [a Lcj_ J jeLe*
c^e H aa] d] Mm QW`
[ @]_ `]_ b[
e jc[ ek\
[a a^kH hj_ `L
e @cd] Lc LZj jc^ _L @_ _e
@j_ kB _\ `hj_L `j=e H `Le c[b] @jbaL
_k aa] ]eL
QW`
[ @]_ `]_e jc[ ekm
_k [Zcf
j` c j^eZ jbe _a Q_ Lcj_* @]hL MmMm Qm&
Lm @_`le S_ `[_
^ @B_ @_d _a Q_ `L
Qm\ a
af LZj `hj_L @^Le* _a Q_ Lde _S_ Lc
@`jeZ `B lc[` Lcj_ j*[ ]m d eS jeLe d]
Lcj_* @]h LdLe _ Le, [a _a Q_ a[m Le ]@da
H `LeZe jaWe dk @^L @jLe \m , [ km j^eZ jbe
cMc* _a Q_ Lcj_* ae^e ai]N
e cc[ Laf
Lcj_* _e `l[ _B `h DWB _\m, ae^ ]f* jM LB
jS Lcj_ "eS_[L Mf' Mf\a @b dN Le\ m Laf
j[L _k `ca=e _aQ_ `eQ
f_ ][e \a X`V
_aQ_ Lcj_e* aN[ @l` Le\ m DmM
dN d, ]]
dD X`V _aQ_ Lcj_e* aN[ Qe[
J _e `l[ _B `h
DWBR, jk X`V Lcj_e* 2009 J 2011e ]l[e jk
@a^ J c `eQ
f_ `B b
j `hj Le\ m Laf $eL
H[L
d, j[L af ]] ae^ ]fe \m Ha Ha _S hjL _Se
_ j\e c`LWe _aQ_ Lcj_* bf HL j^_ jc^_L
jye cm_ _[ ba ]bNS_L `Z cMc @j_e
aj\a SZ ][j_ a*We Hk @] @h LedH _k
Hk _aQ_ Lcj_* @j_ _k, NZ[ `[ @j_ Ha _aQ_
`Le @cd] @_ LZj eSe H `Le a]fL _B aa]
DW _\a af `ca= cMc HkL @d\ HL `j= Le _aQ_
Lcj_* j_ J cd] l Lm bf ca ]B HL @jy `ee
j LeR H OVZLc j[ ]]* D~h _B `ha
Q j LeR
jc^_L `]`]ae @^[ ac_* `le H `Le _Le[L
@bc
M
$fe aay D`X `Xa @h* ekR
hie ]] @bc M
L _ec LeR J _a Q_ Lcj_* @]hL
LdLe LeR `l`[[ @b dNe @`je[
QeS
Z Hj`
Ha
SZ Sm `f* y_e _@ @^Le @ay`[ kBR L _a Q_
Lcj_ J eS jeLe* c^e jL e jbaL[ @j_k c_
kDR, ]] [\` Lcj_* $[J jk jmj Le`
e _k Lcj_*
ae^e [Zcf j` c* @Lh d \ `X _k, [k [*e
@jkdN` a_e ]] j[L Le ]BR d, `eZ
@^Le*
y_e @`lL[ @_bs _@ @^Le* @ay`[ Leda $fe d]
@B_h<f jcj ]M ]H, [a j\`B Lcj_ ] ek a
cMc* cke
H `Le @jkdN cfL ][k _ a_ _[
ba
ah<
f jL
e* `#k_ jh a_S cMc ba [* jc^ _L
Ha `hj_L ][ `[ jQ[_ k@ J @jkdN cfL c_ba
`ek e Le @a^ J c _a Q_ `eQ
f_e jkdN Le HL @jy
J @jLe @^e ` o] VZ
_[hL
cfQf Nu_ [u_ Qt_[
[\ j_ j=_ ]S_ j_[
d`e cf `a[e jNue h `B SfZ LW Qt_e `eZ[
kH jk`e j^mLe jhe @j ] c^ j^ kH
@h-Bke, SZ _NeLe
mc]e `j] jk
@jR _a Q_ F[ eOV Lx LaV; Qe@ X
e=ae=e `e, a_e jaW ]f j` c*
mSe- ]_- mB$ $V, ]f Qk J @_N[
`\* $V jk bV bl
bV bl
[ _k jNe
`eS
[e aaj, j``
e
e `[h[
`[h[
e
a[ aaeZ ]B D`y`_ LedH ab_
]fe
_a Q_ Bke LR LR NZc^cNXL
c^ _S
_Se eS_[L
y[L
jkBm bf BkeNX
L
e
jcl Le L `Ym
aTm
j^eZ mLVe _
\H BkeNXL D`e bej L ahj _
NZc^ce `Lh[ jcl D`e jef LeZV
km, ""Hc_ d] `L[
e mL* ]Me H[
c[e jc]M J mL* ja `B H[ aLf,
@S `d `d jc J jdN `Ba jr
ahi LR Le`e _\a af @_je
kSe`[e ml`[ J ml`[e LV`[ `mV dae
]h'' L NZ[e bc
j Le\ a
@NZ[L
]hNXL
e @amL_e a\[ kB Q` ekd
a
@`l _Se HL `[h`Z BkeVH
D`y`_
Lea
kH[ HL `c] [ _k, L SZ j^eZ
_NeL
e eS_[L
L[a Laf _k ae SZ
]haje ^c [Z ""hZ
ja @c[j `[ ''
@he Hk HL _a]_ `[
@ce _a Q_ ka Db mLjb J a^_jb
`B [Z `\c ]h L\ Hbf HL be[
jeLe NW_ k@ dDW `^_c J ccfe
j]jc_ _S _Se ]l[, a]a
r, Qe[
J
]h`c `B _aa
] kB\a jc_ Laf
]f _[ _k e _[ kae `[ J
M[j_ kB\a
dD jeLe jc^ _ J "j[`W' `[ `[a
w[
jkLe NVH ]_ [c
S_LmZ e NW_
]Ne ]Y _[
bae a[ ka mLc_*
bBae l ka
dD jeLe LZj a]h he aha[ _ kB
_S he jcQ[
@Lf_ c^ce _b L _e `l
]e]
` a]hL _[ ]e ]h J ]haj*e
j\ J jbc
_ ele jc\ ka
dD jeLe be[ S[[e ah ba
`eQ[ S[, ^c J aN[ aa^[L j_ ]B
]h c^e h, h<f, j]bae a[aeZ
jLe`ea; ao_[a] J _m`x* jk
@`j @mQ_ [\ jc^_ j[ `]l`
c^ce jc_* S[ cMj[L $eB
@Zae jc\ \a
TeL
`eeL
s_ J @^_L
s_e jh
Z
@^ee
c_a jcf aLhe a[ ka; da h _d
dN
ka, hlL
DLiL
_B ]he @\_[, eS_[,
Ld_[ jeNb ka J NaiZ @^ee ]he
`
e
_
`
f
L
e
j
^_[e
]M
@j]aake dN a[c_ ml ml
mL- ahi Le N Nkfe Nea
mLc_ kj
kDR; _ cfa
[ "]e @'
dD jeLe S[ J @qfL eS_[L
]fc_*e jM, jO aay c^e @qfL ]f
J jeLeNX
L
e bN]e Lbf
]he h, jc\
J `N[e @e j Lea
`ea
[ jLe[L
ka [ke NkZdN ]Oy aay Le`
ea
Ha @ja @c `]h @X Lka akm d Lt
jeLe `B @ahL \a D`e aay c^e
@_L NXH
[ `]hL jeLe `B `dS
[k
jk[ dX kB eka
@D NVH @h d\:
`]hL jeLe bi, j[ J mL `ee e
jSN `ke bae Ld Lea
DQ[ `hj_L
e e JX@
bie `Qf_, `\cL e e Laf
JX@
bie hl]_ @] aay HL Lc @S
@c d`e JX@ bi h c_[ `Ba
@e fe `L[
e @ce `aj
e
c_* @l bi
L[ NXL _B Na LeR jk`e @ce `e
`Yc
_ Lbf
@L L[[
L
_B Na Le _ `e ma
@[ DmM
VH Le a j\`[
jQ[_ eka
@ce L[a JX@
`m c_* c_e JX@
bi
bV ]ae mb!
N[ Lm ]m , JXh, Dre`
]h, ke@ _ bf @WV
eSe `\c `d bV]_ j`][ kBdBR Hk
c[]_ `L ab_
`de @ke cj^L Lf
Qma
Qf[ ai c[][c_* bV ]_ LtL dB
BbHc
cj_e a[c V`a mN d[L `Le
@_e^ LedBR, aT dBR Ha LkdBR, jbf
@Ne La a kB _ \m _aQ_ Lcj_* HB
LcL kmL
Lea
mN H\e ab_
D]N, He
mB_j L`_, j`e cLV, ee, H$H
c
Q_m*
We @ec Le
`Vm `` `d ab_
jy
@`Z RH H ][ k[L
_BR jc_
bVec_* Laf bV
]a mN @_e^ Le_
k,
bV][c_* mN ab_
`Le ek [, `e
e Ha
cNZ mbe aay eMR
"VV V' bf ak[ Q' L`_
d] [e ab_
as`_e bV
]a mN `a[DR, ]m e " QB_' h<fe
eeNX
L bVec_* bV ]_ ]_ NVH
mMH `V k _Xmj
' cNZe `eiae aay
LeR aVj HeJS Ha bS_ @VmL
HeJS e bV ]B\a be[ _NeL
* mN
ek [, d[ Le\
a hZe D_[ We @ec Le cNZ
D`kee aay LedBR HB mb `BaL km
SZL Laf H[L Lea
L ka d j _Se "bV
Lf' mN @=WL ]MBa jc[ ]m e @_L
`Vm `` bV ]B\a _NeL
c_* mN ek[
]ee aay LeR
dL b
@b Lce ]j
jk] as `WL aN* Hk he_cV
_[ aQ[ mN\a bV j kB\H
k]e dkL Lk _ ]M `e, _
SZ`e [a H dL bV L'Z?
@cc_ a[c_ @ ak[ `
@^Lh ]afe a RV aX
ctee ]MR d @e[ a _a]
jc`Z `e ]a ck[e aS dD\a
O, aS, O, Ym ja LR a][
Qf[ de QmR \e ba @cc_ L[ LcL @D a d
bNa_* @e[e Ma Lc jc
mN\a jr Hk ja a]L _S k[e
aSBa `B `[ _k HkL @ce
dL b am c LkR
@c a` a SSa`* jce
@cc_ _S `m]_ ]MR Qf
R`ee _S OeL mN WLe* RV@
OeVH a N ce bNa[ N]VH \m
Laf j[L _k N Ne cWaX
kD a cte a ]a]a* `W; ck
j& af mLc_ j$j[e kB
LR ce dXk ba jc`[ J jef
k]e j& @e[ a bN jce _S
k[e O, c]=, [e a h< jaLR
aSD\m HkL _S Sa_e h J
@ b c [
[] LedD ]_[N
@^Le* D`e QYD km bf
]_[N
eS_[* D`e a
QYD kD
@l Lce ck
kS`e SN[jk`e
@akf[ Sm
JXhe NVH @ZLNj NX
e` `eQ[ Lt`X mLjb
@j_V j @akf[ kB
ek\a L\ LH a _SZ? Hk
@j_e dDc_ mL `[_^
e` _aQ[ kB dBR,
jc_ La Hk Sme
ja=_ D_[ `B ^_ ]B
_k Lt`X SmV HL
hak_ Sm HWLe mL
Lc @bae j]e NSeV, @u,
Lef ck kB eSNe
@_iZe Qm dDR Hc_*
D`d eSNe c^c `]_
Lea ]Ne LZj jeLe @S
`d LR km `]l` _B
_k Hk @qfe ak mL
`B` c e` eS Ha ]h
ake _ LeR [ @\
HWLe mLc_* `Me
ahi c[
aL e ebe Mm
cZie `Z el mN e kDR jaWe `cM
D`]_ ]OV_N mL* Sa_ el jLh
[e ee @ahL[ jaWe @^L Ha ab_
`Le ]OV_ eSe ja `e OVR L k[
NZ[ jML aX a* c[ @ LR y_e @R
dk $fe @_L jce @k[* `Z el
LedB`e_k H cce ce Lkae L\
km eSe ja aLe @[ NVH NVH
RV e be Mmdae aay LedD
jNc Lhe ]h
SN[jk`e
[L `aZ s_
`[ j Lea
e _[N[ @akf `]h_ Lea
d
LZj jeLe `le HL @`L[ ka
JXh
HL `L[L
a`d ``X[
eS kB\ae
a_, a[ J ceX
@] ]De JXh
e mLc_*
el Leae HL ja]fj[ J S_j^eZ*
NkZdN ]Oy dS_ `Z_e @ahL[L
ah ]_ @Z]M LedB _ `e `L[L
a`dNX
L
Laf Lt jeLeWe jkd @Z
aiL ai @`Q Lea
e c^c bae aake
Lea
e c_jL[e jeLe Lf c ka @ahL
JXh
e No[ `L[
]r MZS `]\e aake J
aL @] `L
j jo ka ]eLe dk[ Hk
j]e `_ _aLeZ LZj jeLe k[e _k
jkbf
Hke aake aie jeLe j[L eka
jk S_j^eZ* jc\_e k Hk ka DQ[
bV `B jeLe NY\
a
]f JXh
e `L[L
j]e cmL
_k; LR @a^ `B SN@f c[
jkbf
h J jke jjeZ `B akcm
Sc, Qi
Sc, Sf J S=m B[] jeLe _r
afe VL
_ ]B Laf mL* jkc[e k ka
JXh
e hl, jy, Li J `hj_L aay @[
]af
J _cc
_e kae mNR hl l[e `[
hZL SZ hlL J a]f NXL
e ja jce
@ahL jML hlL _d
, jy l[e `[ jy
Lte @ahL jML Xe, $cj, _j*
D`y[ Li l[e jWL jce LiLc_* Drc
c_e ak_ J Qe dNZ [\ Li D`] NXL
e
jelZ `B `d h[fbe _c Z J jWL
jkL aL cm _^ eZ J `hj_ l[e @$j
NXLe jaNj @_`y[, LcQec_*e
L[ae @akf [\ ]_[ @]e `[Le
aay] d LZj jeLee `\cL ][ ka
@ahL aXc
_
Hk d ]O `te ai ^e NVH
]f _e*
h
hj_ Le\ m c^ @[ahL ja
aaye @a_[ k `em
l
[
kDR jeLe LfL
Qf[ hk_ ]_ [N
@aye cL fB S_LmZ
cNe Qf[l
c Lea
L ka
JXh
jeLe JX@
@j[
J jac_e `[_
^ [
Lea
e lc[ J `[b
`]h_ Le `e\ a
; dD
jeLee mL* `[ kD\a SO_ @`e^e
m
@`e^* ] cf
L ] ]B JXh
L _hc
J _e- @`e^ c Le`
ea
e h \a
Hkbf
LR @h H Bke @c NZ[L HL j-
NZ[ bae ]Mae j` H j` d] LR c[e
jLe km [ bm, _Q[ `Z @`l @e \eL!
bai
[L!!
a_aj, hake
e cec[
ahj_[ aY
`DQ `Z
R jLfe Me `X\a
SZ ^_ mL* ]B `@ \m `ke
jc_ \m cks_ Ha `af af jc_ eS Hc[
Hc[ jc_* ak[ bm
[L `aZ jc_ ja L\e `ke
_
[L mN LeZ MS `D\m mN\a
]_Le L\ ^_ mL* OeL Hk hZ @e bB Lkm - jc_
@[\ @jm j HB ]B da Mje `keR am Lc[
ck`[* L\ hZ\m SZm? [ L@Z _S NVH
jc_* s_ Nece @[\ c_?
ck] aj
bb
[
kBNm Hk hZ `\c L\ @ec Le\ a
`e]_ jLf ]B bB Oe bBV Lkm - c c_ _k j[,
ake m @]e e \a `Mee L [c a c_ _k [Z
jc_* Mj mN _ \a
cR ^ea
mN _S aX
`Mee cR [eLe e L\VH am [c a Lc[
Lk`ea
? [Z c c
@[\*
[ Lea
\m
L\e @Vf eka
D~h
Hk hZ [e @e bB
]B bB cR ^ea
mN
Lkm- [ dc[, c
akea
]M jc_*
a` Lkm- ]B SZ cR ddae jc[ [ a c_c_*
c_ L\ aT`e_k
mN dae @ahL[
[Z c LkL [ L\ c_aL
L@Z ?
`Me aj\a
@[\ Lkm- ]B da?
bB c_ d[af LeR Hc[ de c^k kBNm
H[ Xe LkL kDR am
d@
a` @j ]Mm d ]B bB
a` @D LR Lkm _k
]B bB `Me Lfe `kqm ck $mB `eeL `W Le
`Z `e `ee \m RV `Me kX e ajR
RV c_ Lfe `ke\m j OeL $e m Ha @[\*
jLfe L@f Me `Z D`e Lkm- c jB\ mN ]B
[L`aZ `[* HL j=e
`X QLQL Le\ m
]B bB* b[
e SZ Lkm - `WD _ \m @S @`Z* cR
_k
]M c_NXL L[ Mje M@ kB `ea
@_Q