1& (a Explanation of binding enewwy Eneroy required to separates nucleus (1) into nudeons (1) What this tris about an ron ous Iron isthe rmost stable nucleus (1) (o) Nuclesr equation for decay YC > YN+ 3B) Sex Symbols [C + N +8] (1) Numbers [14,6, 14, 7, 0,—1] (1) Antinastrino /% Fi, (1) Estimate of age of a fossil 3 half-lives (1) giving 17 000 yearsto 18 000 years (1)4 @ to) © @ ‘Show thet rateof decay of radiumis about 7 x10" Bq Power divided by alpha particle energy (1) Answer [(7.1- 7.2) x10" (Bq)] (1) [Give 2 mrarts for revase agumantie 7 x1013 Bq x7.65 x1013) (1) 63.5 -52.6) W) (0) Eg Rate ofdecay = 7.65x10> 19 x1013(6q) Show thatdecay constant is about 1.4 x 104s? ory - 069 Usoth= 7” Ansver[(1.35- 139 x10" (59) () =—_-2___ 1@Q0years< 3.15 $135 x10 (s4) Ega “Thenumber of racium226 nude Use of A=2N (1) Answer [(5.0- 5.4) x104] (1) Eg 7.19 x10" Bq=1.35 x10 s*xN N=5.33 x10 Themass of redium Divides number of radium 226 nude by 6.02 x10 ard multiplies by 226 (1) Answer [1870- 2040 g) 5.33%10" Eg Massofradum=226 ¢g Massofradum=2269 x =2008g8. @) (o) Meanings ‘Spontaneous: Happens independently ofjcanrot be controlled by/ unaffected by chemical conditions/phystal condtionstemperature/ pressure or without stimulation without tigger. (1) [Do not acceptrandomicannot be predicted] Radiation: alpha, beta and ganmaand positron [give the markif they rareone of these] (1) Unstable: (Nuclei) [not atoms] are (lable) to breakup /decay / disintegate or nudes hastoo much nergy or too meny nucleons [not partides| may releaseradiation/{ Accept] binding forceis not sufficient Accent] binding eneray Is rot sufficient’ [Accept] too many/too few protonginestrors (1) [Forthis rrarkdo not acest ‘nudeus hashigh energy’ or’..has rary patides] (Hat Lite Evidence of an average calculated ie have used more than just one vatue(1) IM akesureto look at graph if 2 ses of lines are seen, award this mark, even f thereis no evidencein written answer] Answer (6.6 ~ 6) hours (20160 s- 21600 91 (1)ai aii) Decay constart Answer[Accept answers in therange 31-35 x105¢1/ 0.115) - 0.1203) 4 () [ecf their value of half ifel [Do notaccept Bq for the unit] = 069 069 _, 6x3600s' 6h Egih 19x10° §*/0.12h* Number of aoms Use of |Al =2N Answer[in rarge (1.50- 1.65) x 10") Na 05x10" Bg 32.1057 =1.56 x10! (8)