Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CEPT
(European
Conference
of
Postal
and
Telecommunications
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UMTS h tr tc truyn ti d liu n 1920 Kbps nhng trong thc t hiu sut
t c ch vo khong 384 Kbps.
Tuy nhin, tc ny vn cn nhanh so vi chun GSM (14,4Kbps) v HSCSD
(14,4Kbps); v l la chn u tin cho gii php truy cp Internet bng thit b di
ng.Trong tng lai khng xa, mng UMTS c th nng cp ln HSDPA cn c
gi vi tn 3,5G. HSDPA cho php y nhanh tc ti xung ti 10 Mbps.
- CDMA2000 gm 3 phin bn:
CDMA2000: Mt trong nhng chun 3G quan trng l CDMA2000, thc cht l s
k tc v pht trin t chun 2G CDMA IS-95. Chun CDMA2000 c qun l
bi 3GPP2, mt t chc hon ton c lp v ring r vi 3GPP.
CDMA2000 l cng ngh nng cp t CDMA, cho php truyn ti d liu trn
mng di ng. Nm 2000, CDMA2000 l cng ngh 3G u tin c chnh thc
trin khai.1xRTT l phin bn u tin ca CDMA2000, cho php truyn ti d liu
vi tc 307 Kbps (ti xung) v 153 Kbps (ti ln). CDMA2000 1xRTT cng
mang li cht lng thoi tt hn trn mt knh CMDA 1,25MHz n l.
1xEV Cng ngh 1xEV cung cp tc ti xung v ti ln ln hn theo hai gian
on trin khai.
Giai on mt: 1xEV-DO (Cch mng v D liu) tng tc c ti xung ti a
ti 2,4 Mbps.
Giai on hai: 1xEV-DV (Cch mng v D liu thoi) tch hp thoi v d liu
trn cng mt mng cung cp vi tc truyn ti ti a 4,8 Mbps.
CDMA2000 3X s dng 3 knh CDMA 1,25MHz. Cng ngh ny l mt chun ca
c t CDMA2000, dnh cho cc nc cn bng thng 5MHz cho mc ch s
dng mng 3G.
CDMA2000 3X cn c tn l "3XRTT," "MC-3X," v "IMT-CDMA MultiCarrier
3X".
- Li ch Do 3G Mang n: 3G gip chng ta thc hin truyn thng thoi v d
liu (nh e-mail v tin nhn dng vn bn), download m thanh v hnh nh vi
bng tn cao.
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qu trnh chuyn mch knh tn hiu s - C ch chuyn mch khng gian s (to ra
cc ma trn chuyn mch) v c ch chuyn mch thi gian s (thc hin chuyn
mch gia cc khe thi gian).
Hai k thut nh tuyn c bn thng s dng trong mng chuyn mch knh l
nh tuyn c nh v nh tuyn lun phin. nh tuyn c nh l k thut nh
tuyn trong vic nh tuyn ch phi thc hin mt ln khi xy dng mng, sau
cc thng tin v vic nh tuyn c lu trong cc bng nh tuyn cho cc nt.
nh tuyn lun phin l k thut trong mi gi tin ch cn mang a ch ch l
. nh tuyn lun phin p ng nhanh hn vi nhng thay i trong mng.
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1.3 Cu hnh a l ca 3G
1.3.1 Phn chia theo vng
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- Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS: l mt ng dng chy trn UICC. Modul
nhn dng thu bao (SIM hoc trong mng mng thng tin di ng th h 3 l
USIM) trong my cm tay v Trung tm nhn thc (AuC) dng chung mt s chui
cng nh kho b mt. S chui khng phi l mt gi tr c nh m thay i theo
thi gian. USIM cha cc hm v s liu cn thit nhn dng v nhn thc thu
bao cho mng UMTS. N c th lu c bn sao h s ca thu bao.
Ngi s dng phi t mnh nhn thc i vi USIM bng cch nhp m PIN. iu
ny m bo ch ngi s dng ch thc mi c th truy nhp c vo mng
UMTS. Mng ch cung cp cc dch v cho ngi s dng no s dng u cui vi
USIM c ng k. Mt b phn quan trng ca mng GSM l modul nhn dng
thu bao, cn c gi l th SIM. SIM l 1 th nh, c gn vo my di ng,
lu thng tin thu bao v danh b in thoi. Cc thng tin trn th SIM vn c
lu gi khi i my in thoi. Ngi dng cng c th thay i nh cung cp khc,
nu i th SIM.
Mt s rt t nh cung cp dch v mng ngn cn iu ny bi vic ch cho php 1
my dng 1 SIM hay dng SIM khc, nhng do h sn xut, c gi l tnh trng
Kha SIM.
1.4.2 Phn h a phng tin IP
Cu trc ca phn h a phng tin da trn IP
IMS bao gm cc phn t sau:
- CSCF: Chc nng trng thi kt ni, l chc nng trong h thng con IMS, c
nhim v thit lp, theo di, h tr v gii phng cc phin a phng tin cng
nh qun l nhng tng tc dch v ca ngi dng. CSCF c phn ra 3 loi :
S-CSCF, P-CSCF v I-CSCF.
- MGCF: Chc nng iu khin cng phng tin
- MGW: Cng phng tin
- MRF: Ti nguyn a phng tin
- T-SGW: Cng bo hiu truyn ti
- R-SGW: Cng bo hiu chuyn mng
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IMS vi giao thc nn l SIP, vi cc tnh nng khi to phin thi gian thc, cho
php cc nh khai thc pht trin v qun l cc dch v d liu di ng mt cch
linh hot v hiu qu. Cc nh khai thc lun mong mun mng ca h h tr cc
giao din chun kt ni ti IMS cho php h tr cc dch v lin mng v kh nng
kt ni ti cc nh cung cp ni dung/ng dng bn th ba.
1.4.3 Mi trng nh
- HLR: l b ghi nh v thng tr, l c s d liu lu gi lu di cc
thng tin v thu bao. HLR cha cc thng tin nh v tr ca thu bao; chi tit lin
quan n hp ng thu bao ca ngi dng nh cc dch v, nhn dng ca thu
bao; thng s Ki dng trong qu trnh bo mt v chng nhn thc.
HLR cn l mt trung tm nhn thc AuC qun l an ton s liu ca cc thu bao.
- AUC: l trung tm nhn thc, c gn kt vi HLR trong mng GSM hoc
UMTS. AuC cung cp cc thng s nhn thc cho qu trnh nhn thc v d vct
nhn thc dng trong mng UMTS hay b ba nhn thc dng trong mng GSM.
- EIR: B ghi nhn dng thit b, l thanh ghi c ni vi MSC qua mt ng
bo hiu, EIR c chc nng kim tra tnh hp l ca thit b di ng thng qua s
liu nhn dng di ng quc t v cha cc s liu v phn cng ca thit b.
1.4.4 Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS v Mng li
1.4.4.1 Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS
Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS xut hin phn h truy nhp v
tuyn mi cho cc dch v 3G. Da trn k thut truy nhp v tuyn a truy nhp
phn chia theo m bng rng WCDMA. UTRAN c di thng rng hn, hiu sut
s dng ph tn cao hn cho php truyn dn tc cao trn giao din v tuyn.
Trong cu trc UTRAN xut hin phn t Nt B, tng ng vi vai tr ca BTS
trong cu trc 2G v RNC tng ng vi BSC trong cu trc 2G. RNC kt ni
vi mng li UMTS thng qua mt giao din mi l giao din Iu. Cu trc mng
mi bao gm hai min, min truy nhp v tuyn GSM/EDGE cung cp dch vu
chuyn mch knh, v min truy nhp UTRAN cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch
gi.
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1.4.4.2 Mng li
Mng li (CN) bao gm: min CS v PS
Trong mng li UMTS, Nt h tr GPRS phc v SGSN v Nt h tr GPRS cng
GGSN l cc Router c bit, c s dng chuyn ti cc dch v chuyn mch
gi trong khi MSC c s dng chuyn ti cc dch v chuyn mch knh.
- Min CS
+ MSC: Thc hin cc chc nng bo hiu v chuyn mch cho cc thu bao trong
vng qun l ca mnh.Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng (MSC) thc
hin kt ni CS gia u cui vi mng. Chc nng ca MSC trong UMTS cng
ging nh trong GSM. Song n c nhiu kh nng hn, cc kt ni CS c thc
hin trn giao din IuCS gia UTRAN v MSC,cc MSC c ni vi mng ngoi
c gi l GMSC.
+ GMSC: thc hin cc chc nng nh tuyn n vng c MS. Khi mng
ngoi tm cch kt ni n UMTS, GMSC nhn yu cu thit lp kt ni v hi
VLR v MSC hin thi ang qun l MS.
+ VLR: l b ng k nh v tm tr, l ni cha cc thng tin v thu bao khi kch
hot ti mt vng phc v nht nh.
Thng tin trong VLR thng xuyn c cp nht mi khi thu bao di chuyn trong
vng phc v gia cc trm gc hoc cc BSC ca cng mt trung tm chuyn
mch. S liu c lu trong VLR gm: IMSI; MSISDN; TMSI (nu c); LA hin
thi ca thu bao; MSC/SGSN hin thi m thu bao ni n.
- Min PS
+ SGSN: l mt phn t trong mng li GPRS nhm ni kt gia mng truy nhp
(RAN) v gateway GGSN. Vi tr chnh ca SGSN l:
Xc thc cc UE ang dng dch v GPRS ni kt vi n.
Qun l vic ng k ca mt UE vo mng GPRS.
Qun l qu trnh di ng ca UE.
Thit lp, duy tr v gii phng cc bi cnh PDP.
Nhn v chuyn thng tin n UE v ngc li.
Qun l vic tnh tin.
Tm v nh thc UE khi c cuc gi mi n.
Nguyn Vit Tm - 0132
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Kin trc 3G
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1.6 Kt lun
Chng ny gip ta nhn tng qut v lch s pht trin ca h thng thng
tin di ng, mng 3G v mt s cc c im ca mng 3G, cc giao din v cu
hnh a l .Kin trc 3G gip ta c ci nhn tng quan v h thng 3G UMTS, l c
s i su nghin cu cc chng tip theo v m rng hn na.
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Cng trong thi gian , mng di ng tnh ton s SRES s dng cng thut ton
A3 t cc gi tr u vo nh trn.
Thit b di ng gi s SRES cho mng di ng.
Mng di ng kim tra xem hai s SRES c trng khp. Nu trng khp, qu trnh
xc thc c hon tt v thit b di ng c php gia nhp mng.
C ch xc thc trn da trn tnh b mt ca s Ki v IMSI. S ny c to ra khi
nh cung cp di ng lp trnh th SIM. S Ki c lu trn SIM v lu trn c s
d liu ca nh cung cp dch v di ng.
Tuy nhin nu nhn qua c ch xc thc trn, c th thy s IMSI c gi trong
bc mt ca qu trnh xc thc, v nu ly c s ny, k tn cng xem nh s c
c 50% thng tin cn thit nhn bn SIM (s cn li cn ly l m Ki). Chnh
v vy, c ch xc thc c bin i li m IMSI ch gi i ln u khi ngi
dng bt in thoi di ng ln. Sau khi gia nhp mng, mt m s nhn dng
tm thi TMSI c s dng trong sut cc qu trnh trao i thng tin gia thit b
di ng v mng di ng (k c khi thit b di ng di chuyn v gia nhp vo trm
thu nhn sng mi).
2.1.2.2 M ha cuc gi
GSM s dng mt kha c bit nhm m ha cuc gi v d liu trn mi
trng sng radio b nghe ln. Khi thit b di ng c xc thc, mt m s b
mt c to ra t mt s ngu nhin cng vi s Ki bng thut ton A8 (thut ton
ny nm trn SIM). M s ny c ng thun s dng gia thit b di ng v
mng di ng nhm m ha thng tin trao i. Thut ton m ha c s dng l
thut ton A5. Thut ton A5 c lu tr bng phn cng trn thit b di ng, b
x l ca in thoi di ng s chu trch nhim thc hin.
2.2 Cc hn ch v an ninh ca GSM
2.2.1 Bo mt bng tnh bt kh nh
Bo mt bng tnh bt kh nh c ngha l bo mt bng cch giu kn thut
ton, cch thi hnh, khng cho cng ng bit c c ch bo mt. Trong c ch
bo mt GSM, cc thut ton A3, A5, A8 u c giu kn. Tuy nhin, quan im
hin i v an ton thng tin cho rng phng thc bo mt bng tnh bt kh nh
ny s khng an ton.
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Trn Internet hin nay xut hin nhiu dch v cho php thc hin cc tin
nhn v cuc gi mo danh ngi khc. Vi kh nng ny, k tn cng c th tin
hnh la o ngi dng bng tin nhn mt cch d dng, nu bn nhn c mt
tin nhn th khng c cch no phn bit c y l tin nhn tht hay tin nhn mo
danh. gim thiu ri ro, ngi dng nn kim nh li thng tin trn tin nhn nu
thy nghi ng.
2.2.4 Tn cng spam SMS, virus SMS
Tn cng spam SMS l dng tn cng bng cch gi SMS c ni dung la
o n hng lot thu bao nhm mc ch trc li.
Tn cng virus SMS l dng tn cng bng cch li dng l hng bo mt trong
phn mm x l SMS ca in thoi di ng ly lan m c.
Ni mt cch chnh xc, hai cch tn cng trn s xy ra vi tt c cc mng di
ng, khng phi l do c ch hot ng ca GSM. hn ch ri ro ny, ngi
dng phi cnh gic vi cc tin nhn bt thng, cng nh cn t cp nht phn
mm in thoi di ng ca mnh.
2.4 Cc bin php an ninh
S dng phn mm chng virus cho in thoi di ng cng l mt gii php
tt.
Bo m rng thng tin c to ra bi hoc lin quan n ngi dng c bo v
y chng li lm dng hay s phung phi
Bo m cc ngun lc v dch v c cung cp y v bo v cht ch.
Bo m an ninh cc tnh nng tiu chun tng thch sn c.
2.4.1 Tnh bo mt thng tin
L m bo thng tin c gi b mt n ngi nhn. Bo mt c mc ch
m bo tnh ring t ca s liu chng li s nghe, c trm s liu t
nhng ngi khng c php. Cch ph bin nht c s dng l mt m ha
s liu.
2.4.2 Ton vn thng tin
Bo m tnh ton vn thng tin trong lin lc hoc gip pht hin thng tin b
sa i.
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V d:
User A cn m bo l nhn chnh xc ni dung m User B gi
Cn m bo rng User C khng can thip sa ni dung thng ip m User B
gi cho User A
User B
User A
User C
User A
User B
Hnh 2.2 Chng li s thoi thc trch nhim
2.4.5 Chng lp li
Khng cho php bn th ba copy li vn bn v gi nhiu ln n ngi
nhn m ngi gi khng h hay bit.
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- Mt s ng dng m ha bt i xng:
Mt ng dng r rng nht ca mt m ha kha cng khai l bo mt
Cc thut ton to ch k s kha cng khai c th dng nhn thc. Mt ngi
s dng c th m ha vn bn vi kha b mt ca mnh. Nu mt ngi khc c
th gii m vi kha cng khai ca ngi gi th c th tin rng vn bn thc s
xut pht t ngi gn vi kha cng khai .
Cc c im trn cn c ch cho nhiu ng dng khc nh: tin in t, tha thun
kha
2.5.3 So snh m i xng v m bt i xng
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2.5.4.1 M hnh ch k in t
Ch k in t c to ra bng cch tnh ton tm tt bn tin gc thnh
bn tin tm tt (MD).
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MAC
Kha b
mt chia s
Gii thut
MAC
S liu
MAC
MAC
=
Gii thut
MAC
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2.7 Chng th in t
Chng th in t c cu trc d liu bao gm kha cng khai v nhng
thng tin chi tit m t ngi ch s hu. Chng th in t c xem nh m s
in t nhm chng li s gi mo sau khi c k nhn bi CA trong mi trng
li.
Chng th X.509 thng c s dng khi nhc n chng th in t, c ch hot
ng tng t nh h chiu, trong cung cp thng tin xc nh ti nguyn trong
mi trng li. Tuy nhin, khc bit gia chng th in t v h chiu trong cch
s dng l chng th in t c php cng b rng ri trn mi trng li,
trong khi ngi ta thng rt ngi phi a cho ngi khc h chiu ca mnh.
Chng th in t khng ghi nhng thng tin nhy cm v do khng gy nguy
c mt an ton khi a ra cng b rng ri.
Chng th in t c to bi thc th duy nht (Distinguished Name DN) v
phn m rng chng th cha nhng thng tin v c nhn hay my ch c
chng nhn.
2.7.1 Cc bc to chng th ca my ch hay my trm t CA
Ngi dng trong li cn chng nhn kt qu to cp kho (kho cng khai
v kho ring, chng th in t s cha kho chung).
Ngi dng s k nhn kho cng khai v nhng thng tin khc ca mnh trong
chng th theo yu cu ca CA. Thao tc k nhn kho cng khai nm trong chng
th c thc hin bng cch ngi dng gi kho ring, tng ng vi kho cng
khai.
Chng ch c k ny s c chuyn n cho CA. Kho c ngi dng ct
gi v cn c bo v cn thn.
CA xc nhn ngi dng ang gi kho ring tng ng kho cng khai trong
chng th.
CA xc nh danh tnh duy nht ca ngi dng bng cch xc nh thng qua a
ch email, s in thoi. Ngoi ra, CA cng s dng nhng thng tin ca nhng t
chc khc xc danh tnh duy nht ca ngi dng.
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Sau khi kim tra danh tnh duy nht ca ngi dng, CA to chng th bng vic
k nhn kho cng khai ca ngi dng v kt hp vi danh tnh duy nht ca
ngi dng. Sau , chng th c chuyn n RA v tr v cho ngi dng.
2.7.2 Xc nhn ngi dng
Qu trnh trn m bo tnh chnh xc v hp l ca chng th. C th so
snh vi qu trnh chnh quyn cp h chiu cho cng dn. H chiu ny thc hin
trong qu trnh ng nhp khi c nhn n cc quc gia khc. Cng gn ging nh
h chiu, chng th in t dng trong qu trnh ng nhp vo cc ti nguyn.
2.7.3 Cc dng chng th
C hai dng chng th c s dng trong mi trng li. Loi chng th
th nht xc nh ngi dng trong mi trng li. Loi th hai dnh cho my ch
trn li.
Chng th dnh cho ngi dng: ngi s dng cn chng th ngi dng nhm
xc nh thnh vin trong li. Chng th ny cung cp tn ngi dng trong li,
khng phi tn my ch hay tn my trm trong li.
Chng th dnh cho my ch: khi ngi dng mun thc hin chng trnh trn
mi trng qun l kha cng khai trn my ch, cn phi ng k chng th cho
my ch. Chng th cho my ch c ng k vi y thng tin nh danh v
tr my ch ca ngi dng v thng tin nh danh chng th ca h.
2.7.4 Thu hi chng th
Cc my tnh trong mi trng li thc hin qu trnh xc thc ln nhau v
trao i chng th in t. Do , qu trnh ny khng cn tham kho n danh
sch cc chng th, thng c lu tr bng dch v cy th mc. V vy, cng
vic thu hi cc chng th khng dng hoc qu hn khng th lm t ng.
Trong vi kin trc qun l kha cng khai, dch v cy th mc c dng lu
tr cc chng th thu hi. Nh , cc thnh vin c th tham kho c cc chng
th khng cn dng hoc qu hn.
2.7.5 Xc nhn ng dn
Qu trnh xc nhn ng dn chnh l tng bc xc nhn chng th v
chng th y quyn hp l.
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VLR/ SGSN
AUTN
U
S
I
M
AUTN
f2
f2
ng
NhnTrang
thc 40
Thnh cng
VLR/SGS
N
RAND
AUTN
RAND
U
SI
M
f1
AUTN
K
A
A
K
AUTN
ng
f1
=
Nhn thc
thnh cng
3.2.4 Mt m ha UTRAN
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3.2.4.2 Mt m ha
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COUNT-C
DIRECTION
LENGTH
BEARER
CK
f8
KS
Vn bn th
Vn bn c mt m
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Pha thu
Pha pht
DIRECTION COUNT-I
IK
DIRECTION
FRESH
IK
f9
Bn tin bo
hiu pht
COUNT
-I
FRESH
f9
MAC-I
Bn tin bo
hiu thu
MAC-I
XMAC-I
=
?
ng
Nhn thc
thnh cng
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3.3.2 Xc thc
Xc thc bao gm hai qu trnh sau:
- Mng xc thc ngi s dng
- Ngi s dng xc thc mng
xc thc ngi s dng v ngc li, mng phi gi n UE mt bn
tin yu cu nhn thc c cha m nhn thc MAC-A. Sau , USIM s tnh
ton con du kim tra nhn thc XMAC-A v so snh hai m ny nu trng
nhau th qu trnh nhn thc thnh cng.
Cc th tc ny u xy ra trong cng mt trao i bn tin gia mng v ngi
s dng, th tc ny gi l nhn thc mt ln gi gim cc bn tin cn
truyn. Sau cc th tc ny, ngi s dng s tin tng rng mng m n ni
n c tin tng, phc v thay cho mng nh ca n. ng thi, mng
cng tin tng nhn dng ca ngi s dng l hp l. Mng li rt cn bit s
nhn dng thc s ca ngi s dng tin tng rng ngi s dng ny s
tr tin cho cc dch v m n cung cp. Mt khc ngi s dng cng mun
nhn thc tin tng rng cc dch v m n tr tin s c cung cp.
3.3.3 Ton vn thng tin (Integrity)
Ton vn thng tin trong 3G UMTS l to ra cc con du b sung cho cc
bn tin. Cc con du ny c th c to ra ti cc nt bit c cc kha,
c rt ra t mt kha ch bit trc (K). Cc kha ny c lu trong
USIM v AuC. Bo v ton vn c bit cn thit, v mng phc v thng
c khai thc bi mt nh khai thc khc vi nh khai thc ca thu bao. Thuc
tnh cn c bo v ton vn l cc bn tin bo hiu.
3.4 Cc gii php k thut trong 3G UMTS
3.4.1 M Turbo
M ha Turbo ch c s dng trong cc h thng thng tin di ng th h
ba khi hot ng tc bit cao vi yu cu t s li bit BER nm trong khong 10 3
n 10-6.
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3.4.2 M xon
M xon (Convolutional Code) (n,k,m) cng c n u ra, k u vo nh m
khi (n,k) nhng n u ra ca m xon ph thuc khng ch vo k u vo ti thi
gian m cn ph thuc vo m khi bn tin trc . M xon (n,k,m) c xy
dng bi mch dy. Mch ny dng thanh ghi dch m bit lm b nh, cc u ra
ca cc phn t nh c cng vi nhau theo quy lut nht nh to nn chui
m, sau cc chui ny c ghp xen vi nhau to nn chui m u ra.
3.4.3 M vng
M vng l phng php m ha cho php kim tra d vng (CRC
Cyclic Redundance Check) v ch th cht lng khung cc khung bn tin.
M ha m vng (n,k) dng h thng gm ba bc :
- Nhn a thc thng tin u(x) vi xn-k.
- Chia xn-k.u(x) cho a thc sinh g(x), ta c phn d b(x).
- Hnh thnh t m b(x) + xn-k
Tt c ba bc ny c thc hin bng mch chia vi thanh ghi dch (n-k) tng c
hm hi tip tng ng vi a thc sinh g(x).
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S mch m ha vng:
Cng
Cng
b0
G1
G2
Cng
Gn-k-1
G1
G2
Cng
Gn-k-1
+ G
1
b1
+ G
2
b2
b0
+ G b1
1
b0
+ Mt khu
+ ghibdch
ca thanh
b
b0
+
+ Mt khu ca thanh
+ ghi dch
b2
b1
Cng XOR
Mt khu ca thanh ghi dch
g
g
g
Cng XOR
Mt khu ca thanh ghi dch
Mi lin kt
Cng
g = XOR
1 : C lin kt
g = 0 : Khng lin kt
Cng XOR
+
+
+ G b2
2
+ G bn-k-1
n-k-1
+
+
Thng
Gn-k-1
tinbn-k-1
xn+k.u(x)
+
Cc s+kim
bn-k-1
tra chn l
Thng tin
+
+
xn+k.u(x) b
n-k-1 Cc s kim
tra chn l
Thng tin
xn+k.u(x)
Cc s kim
tra chn l
Thng tin
xn+k.u(x)
Cc s kim
tra chn l
Trang 48
3.5 Cc hm mt m
An ninh ca 3G UMTS c thc hin bi tp cc hm v cc gii thut mt m.
Cc hm to ra cc thng s AKA l: f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f1* v f5*, hm f1* v f5*
c s dng to kha phc v qu trnh ng b li.
Cc hm f8 v f9 c s dng trong USIM v RNC. Cc hm ny s dng kha
ch (K). L do l trnh phn b kha ny trn mng v gi n an ton trong
USIM v AuC.
3.5.1 Vec-t nhn thc (AV)
Cc thng s c s dng: h lnh ngu nhin (RAND); tr li k vng
t ngi s dng (XRES); kha mt m (CK); kha ton vn (IK); v th nhn
thc mng (AUTN).
To SQN
AM
F
To RAND (f0)
f1
f2
MAC
-A
f3
f4
f5
XRE
CK
IK
AK
S
AV = RAND || XRES || CK || IK ||
AUTN
XOR
SQN
AK
Trang 49
Pha thu
DIRECTION
COUNT-C
BREAKER
LENGTH
COUNT-C DIRECTION
BREAKER LENGTH
CK
CK
f8
Vn bn th
KS
f8
KS
Vn bn c mt m
Vn bn th
Vn bn c mt m
Trang 50
RNC sau chn gii thut mt m s s dng theo u tin ca nh khai thc
v quy nh a phng. Qu trnh ny c gi l nhn dng gii thut mt m
(UEA).
3.5.3 S dng hm f9 tnh ton m ton vn
Hm ton vn (f9) c s dng bo v ton vn cc bn tin. Bo v
ton vn l bt buc trong 3G UMTS cho cc bn tin bo hiu, hm f9 c s
dng ging nh AUTN v AUTS. N b sung cc du n vo cc bn tin
m bo rng cc bn tin ny c to ra ti nhn dng hp l. N cng m
bo rng bn tin khng phi l gi mo. Qu trnh kim tra ton vn bn tin
bng hm ton vn f9 c m t trong hnh sau:
Pha thu
Pha pht
DIRECTION COUNT-I
IK
DIRECTION
FRESH
IK
f9
Bn tin bo
hiu pht
MAC-I
COUNT
-I
FRESH
f9
Bn tin bo
hiu thu
MAC-I
XMAC-I
=
?
ng
Nhn thc
thnh cng
Trang 51
MAC-A
RAND
XOR
f1
f2
XMAC-A
XRES
f3
CK
f4
IK
f5
AK
Trang 52
Hnh 3.10 Tng quan qu trnh nhn thc v tha thun kha AKA.
Nhn thc v tha thun kha AKA c qun l bi VLR/SGSN m thu bao
ni ti. Trc ht VLR/SGSN ph trch my di ng gi bn tin yu cu s liu
nhn thc IMSI n HLR.
Sau khi nhn c bn tin ny HLR s nh v ti AuC (ni cha s liu thu
bao) v yu cu cc AV t trung tm ny. Nu AuC lu cc AV cho thu
Trang 53
Trang 54
trnh t ny vi nhau.
USIM
VLR/SGSN
HLR/AuC
1
Kim tra SQN trong
di ng, nu sai
pht AUTS
Yu cu s liu nhn thc (RAND||
AUTN)
S c ng b
2
3
Xa AV c, lu AV
mi nhn t AuC
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Trang 56
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Trang 58
Trang 59
Trang 60
Trang 61
Trang 62
TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch An ninh trong thng tin di ng, Nh
xut bn Bu-in, 9/2006
[2].
[3].
TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Gio trnh Thng tin di ng th h ba,
Hc Vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng , Nh xut bn Bu in, 2004
[4].
[5].
Timo Halonen, Javier Romero and Juan Melero, "GSM, GPRS and
EDGE Performance Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS, Second Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[6].
Don Zelmer," GPRS, EDGE, & GERAN - Improving the performance of GSM &
TDMA Wireless by Packet Capabilities, SUPERCOMM 2001, Atlanta, Georgia,
June 2001
[7]
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG3_Security/_Specs/33120-300.pdf
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