VN 7.

PHNG TRNH TIP TUYN

Dng 1. Phng trnh tip ti mt im
Phng trnh tip tuyn ti M x0 ; y0 thuc C : y f x c dng y f ' x0 x x0 y0 .
1.

Cho hm s y x 3 3x 2 2 c th C . Vit phng trnh tip ca C bit

a) Tip im c honh x 1. p s: y 3x 3.
0

b) Tip im c tung y 2. p s: y 2, y 9 x 7.
0

c) Tip tuyn c h s gc nh nht. p s: y 3x 3.

Dng 2. Phng trnh tip qua mt im
lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca hm s y f x c th C i qua im A x A ; y A , ta c hai
cch:
Cch 1: Bc 1: Gi tip im l M x0 ; f x0 Phng trnh tip tuyn ti M l
y f ' x0 x x0 f x0 .

Bc 2: V im tip tuyn i qua im A x A ; y A nn y A f ' x0 x A x0 f x0 .

Bc 3: T tm c x0 v suy ra c phng trnh tip tuyn.
f x g x
Ch : th hai hm s y f x v y g x tip xc nhau h
c nghim.
f
'
x

g
'
x

Cch 2: Bc 1: Gi ng thng qua im A l d : y k x x A y A .

f x k x x A y A 1
Bc 2: d l tip tuyn ca C h sau c nghim
2
f ' x k
Bc 3: Thay 2 vo 1 x k Phng trnh tip tuyn.
2.

Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s y x 3 3 x 2, bit tip tuyn i qua im A 1; 4 .

9
7
p s: y 4; y x .
4
4
Dng 3. Phng trnh tip tuyn c h s gc cho trc

lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca hm s y f x c th C c h s gc k, ta c hai cch:

Cch 1: Bc 1: Gi tip im l M x0 ; f x0 . Suy ra f ' x0 k .
Bc 2: T ta tm c x0 .
Bc 3: p dng dng 1 ta tm c tip tuyn.
Cch 2: Bc 1: Gi ng thng c h s gc k l d : y kx b.
f x kx b 1
Bc 2: d l tip tuyn ca C th h sau c nghim
2
f ' x k
Bc 3: T 2 x. Thay vo 1 suy ra b. T vit c phng trnh tip tuyn.
Ch : Cho ng thng : ax by c 0, a 2 b 2 0 . Khi

Nu d song song vi th d c dng d : ax by m 0, m c .

Nu d vung gc vi th d c dng d : bx ay m 0.
1

3.

3x 2
c th C . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th C bit rng tip tuyn
x 1
song song vi : x y 3 0. p s: y x 6, y x 2.

Cho hm s y

Dng 4. Hai ng cong tip xc nhau

4.

Tm m th hm s y x 3 x 2 5 v th hm s y 2 x 2 m tip xc nhau. Xc nh to
ca tip im. p s: m 1: A 2;9 ; m 5 : B 0;5 .

5.

ax b
i qua im A 3;1 v tip xc vi ng thng 2 x y 4 0.
x 1
p s: a 10, b 28 hoc a 2; b 4.

Tm a, b th hm s y

Dng 5. Bi tp nng cao v tip tuyn

6.

Tm trn trc tung nhng im m t c th k c 3 tip tuyn ti th hm s y x 3 3 x 2 .

p s: Gi A 0; a Oy 0 a 1.

7.

1
.
x 1
a) Chng minh rng trn (C) tn ti v s nhng cp im m tip tuyn ti song song vi nhau.

Cho th hm s C : y x

b) Tm m d : y m ct (C) ti A, B sao cho OA vung gc vi OB. s: m

8.

1 5
.
2

x2
, bit tip tuyn ct trc
2x 3
honh, trc tung ln lt ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho tam gic OAB cn ti gc ta O. Hd:

(TSH, A, 09) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th hm s y

Gi M x0 ; y0 l tip im ca tip tuyn cn tm. s: y x 2.

Bi tp luyn tp
3x 2
9. Cho hm s y
c th C . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th C bit rng tip tuyn
x 1
1
17
1
9
vung gc vi : 4 x y 7 0. p s: y x , y x .
4
4
4
4
mx 1
1
10. Tm m hai ng cong y
v y 4 x 2 1 tip xc nhau. p s: m 4 : M ; 2 .
x
2

x2 2 x 2
11. Tm a hai ng cong y
v y x 2 a tip xc nhau. p s: a 2 : M 0; 2 .
x 1
12. (HSP HN II, khi A v B, 99) Tm trn trc Ox cc im t k c 3 tip tuyn n th hm s
2

y x 3 3x 2. p s: a ; 2; \ 1.
3

13. Tm nhng im trn ng thng y 1 sao cho t c th k c ng mt tip tuyn n th

2x2 x
1
.
hm s C : y
. p s: a 1, a
x 1
2
x 3
14. Cho th hm s C : y
. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca C bit khong cch t tm i
x 1
xng ca C n tip tuyn bng 2 2.

Bin son: Thy L c Thun. Email: thuanducle@ymai.com

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