Ow Doses Module 69 693 Other Disorders Module Leaming Objectives Describe somatic symptom and related cisorders. Describe dissociative disorders, and discuss why they are cones eo Ng WOES Explain how anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating pee” disorder demonstrate he infunce of payeholgical and genetic in foros, Contrast the three clusters of personality disorders, and describe the behaviors and brain activity that characterize the antisocial personaly EE L Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (CoE) hat re somat symptom and related disorders? ‘Among the most common probes bringing pope ino doctors’ olfees ae “medaly semplined nese orton, 208 Elen becomes diy and rasested the ae a temoon—-shorly before se exes her ban Hom Nite he ey care pps sian north nerclost he sent her to could ety 9 py! ene They supa her ssmpioms Fave an unconscus pychologcal ng, poy gered by her mite lel ‘ogy abot her husband na somatic symptom disorder such ts lle’ the desing State eymptom rer» ‘simpsons take a soma (bc form without apparent physical causes One person ey Peohal dren hte ve a varity of ompans—vomting dzinesy bred vo, Sly avaloing, oot sma iy Another may experience severe and pening pain ae Clare has a Big efect on people's phys complains ad how they plain them sane aaa (kimayer& Sartori 2007) I Cina prycholgial explanations of ance and depres sion ar sociales acetal than mary Westen counties and peoples fe ess the emotional aspects of direse. The Chinese appear move sive tyne te sling to report—the physical symptoms of her diese (yer ea 2005, Mc We 3 Sé-yearoldfehnican in Hunan ilsrates one of Chine’ ost comsen pelagic sioner (pte ko, 200. Hes wok ific becate of snort ag, \weskness aa headaches. Chinese herbs and Western meine provide no ree To Re Chinese cintan, who teat the bedi symptoms fe seems not vo much Sepesed st east. Simi, generalized oly ompants have often been observed in Altea eal tue ne, 1975),‘ven fo people inthe West somatic ynptoms ar familias Ta lesser eet, we have al eperienced inexplicable physical symptoms unde ses. It js tle comyort to be tld eens that te pebiem i “ll in your head” Although the symptoms may be peychologain conversion sorter a cre onus pemam epee ry EunEiopmncmpedtase igi they are nevertheless gril fl Cinbviont Aen aisacimt One ae typeof dsder, more cmon in Fels day than in ous s conversion ‘suki ideo) Aisordr iso Lnown afl ners api sd) 50 alld becase awety tines sity erder [presumably converted into apical symptom. (As we note in Mol 5, Pew f= Sheltie peron Tato neat and undesiand pystopaldxdrs stemmed fom his purzlement over scree tment that had no piyslogal boi) A patent with a conversion dsorder night for ee | Ripe love ensution na yy thst mks no Seog sense Yet the ysl symp Sects elect ee mote enversion harder symptoms might be unexplained paralysis Blindness ora inability 10 tenon sonore ds ayn each case he person would be strangely indferent othe problem. Sieichconetnus arenes teeentneoaay “Az you ean imagine, somatiesymptom and elated disorders wend people not 0 psy~ ee ea ees ck _chologist ar paychiatst butt a physician. Thisis expecially true of those who experience ecg Iness anslety disorder (frmetty called hypoondras).n ths reatvly common as fonder people interpet normal sensations ( stomach cramp today a headache tomo) ssympions ofa dreaded disease. Sympaty oc temporary rei fom everydey demands tay teoforce such complaints, No amount of assurance by any physician caries the patent tha the vil symptoms donot rel serious lle. So the patient moves on 10 [nother physician, seeking and reeing more medal tention —but fling to consort the disorder’ psjcholgal ont Before You Move On » Ask vounseie Caryn as ra 200 x as ed ey ra a vou oreo > Test younseLr int eos sate mee? demon wo ht ant reco fae Aen Ete J Dissociative Disorders (aE) Wat re isso tsorer, and wy ae they conversa? _Asyong the most bewlderng dsadets are the rare dissociative disorders. These are ‘Sauuders of eonsciusnessn which a person appears to experience a sudden oss of mem- ‘nyo change identity, often in espana to an overehelmingy stressful situation Chis ‘Sizemore’ soy od inthe book and movie Te Tee Faces of Exe, gave cay vst 9 ‘what nove caleddisecatioe ety disorder. One Vietnam veteran who was haunted by Tis comrades deaths and who hi let his Weld Tade Centr ofc shortly efoethe 91. “attack iseppeaed en ute to work oe day an was discovered six rons laterin a Chi- ‘agp homeles shelter reported wth 6 memory af siden or family (Stone, 2006) tn ‘Sich fest cases, the person's consclous awareness said to disci (become sepa tated) fom painful memories, thoughts, and feelings. (Note tat this explanation presumes the existence of repressed memeies which, as we noed in Moles 33 and 56, have been ‘questioned by memory researchers} Dissociation iil i not so rare. Now and thee, many people may have a sense of boing unreal o being separated from their body, of watching themselves sn a movie,OterDiodes Module 69 695 Sometimes we ny say, "was not myselfat the time” chaps you can recall getting "upto go somewiere an ending upat some unintended location while your min was preoccupied elsewhere. peshaps you can playa wel practiced tune on pita of Piano while aling to someone, Focing tama, dsociatve detachment ray aetally protect a person fom being overhelmed by emotion, Dissociative Identity Disorder [A massive dissociation of self fom odinary consciousness charactetzes those with dissociative identity disorder (DID), in shih two or more distin ienties ae ssid to alternately conto the persons Behavior Each persmality hast own vee and ‘mannerisms Ths he person maybe prim and proper one moinént load and tations ‘he nes Tpicaly te oil personality denies any svarenoss ofthe thers People diagnosed with DID former called ape persona dnd) are usally ot len, but cass have ben reported of sociation into a “good?” ae "ad" (or ‘ngressive) personaity—a modest verson ofthe Dr. JelylMe Hye spl nanoraized in Robes Louis Stevenson story: One ura ase sored Kenneth Bach, acased nthe “ise Stange” rapes and murders of 10 Calera women. Dung hypnosis session with Branch, psyhologst John Watkins (198) “called firth hidden personaiy- “te talked a to Ken but chink that perhaps there might be anode pato Ken thet ‘maybe feel somewhat diferent rm the part that ve talked to -Would you tale ne Part by sying’t'm hee?” Blanch answered "Ye" and then led tobe “Steve.” Speaking as Steve, anch stated that he hated Ken because Ken ws ice and tha he (Steve) aed by cousin, had murdered women, He ala claned Ken knew nothing about Stove’ existence and was innocent ofthe mers, Wis Banc second personaly ae simply a way of sowing responsibility for his actions? Indeed, Bianchi pact at ‘wo had ead about multiple personality in psychology books wes tr contd, Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder ‘Skeptics question whether DID is a genuine dsorder a an estension of our noel ca act for personality shifts. Nichola Spanos (1985, 1984, 195) ackd college students to Pretend they were accused murderers being earned by a psyshitit Given the sane hypnotic treatment Bianchi zeceved, most spontaneously expressed a second personaly. This discovery made Spanos wonder: Are dissociative identities simply a mee extreme ‘version of our capacity to vary the “selies" we present—as when we dnp & goo), ‘oud self while hanging outwith frends and a subcued,respectulslfatound grand. parents? Are ciicans who discover multiple personalities merely rggering le playing, by fantasy-prone people? Do thee patients lke actors who commonly report “long ‘themselves in theirrales, then convince themssves ofthe athentcty of ther own oe enactments? Spanos was'o stranger to thislin of thinking Ina related research ate, he had also raised these questions about the hypnotic state, Given that mest DID patente ate highly hypnotzable winatewer explains one condition —dsociaton or tle plying ‘may help explain the other ‘Skeptics also ind it suspicious that the dsoder iso localize inte and spice. Be- toveen 1830 and 1960, the nunber of DID dlagnoses in Noxth America was 2 pe eae Tn ‘the 1980s, wien the DSM contained the ist formal code ov this disorder the number of ‘ported cases had explode! o more than 20,0 (McHugh, 195). The average number of lsplayed persnaites also mushroorned fom 3 to 12 per patient (Gof Sim, 1299, (Outside Now Americ, the disorders much es prevalent, although in othe cultures some People are sid tobe “possessed” by an alien pit (Alidge-Mnrs 1989, Kft 1991. Tn Bsn, DID—which some haw considered “a wacky Amescen fad (Cohen, 1995) fare Intodia and Japan itis essentially nonexistent or a least uncepoted). ‘The Hl Stanger” Kaan associative eos csoder (010) se amnatre ddr Inch apemon ea tro rae date nd ring esoali Fore eld ‘ali pest date696 Unit XI!_ tonal sen such ngs apts poi al henaenan—s dr ete Fea ee ee Senay ae tbr poled Fens can bey sgt ty pore 1 or eT to note ey ena i Fa Ce a strep sme es mn H a ce cate ot yo ta s ene’ anlage" Fa oe ee yume ot ut tsb te ne tes et he Treas wn ine eave ee patty amg Tet ay ntti wmatnts Sibcetmet alec a ‘the personality that pays te ils?” ‘Other researchers and clinicians believe DID is a real disorder They find support foe this eno wth tego Pac Sor eth ih penny Few 2 So ee cy al Sms cee pes Or car ange ge nen a> ae ee are ae ed No Ta antral ennon sans ena ao (Ghenga ca 20, Galea ‘Renearches an clinicians ave interpreted DID symptoms fom psychodynamic and ham matemeness yt gaming perspectives Bah views agree tha the symptoms ce wayscf desing with at. Sone ln 1 Pychodynare theorists ye them as defenses agains the aty cause bythe erption tanweceptble impulses; a wanton second personaly enables the discharge of forbidden impulses Learing theorists see dssocisve disorders as behaviors reinored ky amsety reduction ‘Gther dinicians inde dissociative dows unser the umbrella of posttaumati stress dinurdet—a natal protective eesponce to “histories of eildhood trauma” (Putnam 1595 Spiegel 2008). Many DID patients eal fering physical, sexs or emotional abuse te cite (Cleaves, 1996: ienfeld et al, 198)-In one study of 12 murderers diagnosed sth DID 1 hadsaffered severe, torturous cl abuse Lewiset al, 197)-One wassetafre [pti poents Aether was used in child pornography and was scared om being made to kona xove burner Some cies wonder, however, whether vivid imagination of therapist Suggestion contrite io such rcallections (histo, 2005) So the debate continues, On onesie are those who believe multiple personales ae the desperate for ofthe traumatized to detach rom a uriicenistence, On the ater are the splice who think DID ia condition contrived by faniasy-prone, emotionally wlnes ‘Ste peopl, and consrectd out ofthe therapist patent mteracton. the skeptics’ view ‘tis piled pojeriarist Paul McHugh (1966), “thls epidemic wil end he way that the wich clans ended in Salem. The (mulple personality phenomenon] wil be seen as smanoactured” Before You Move Op > ASK YOURSELF framers romel way, do youve fp bets elas lrent aspects four poral? > TEST YOURSELF “The pacoxhnac weaning perspec agit ascites _pmplara we ways of cong wih ancy, How do thee ena cir? ee eee JOre:Dsertes Module 69 697 Eating Disorders S235) How do anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder SS ccmonstate tw intuenes of payehoyel and gene ona (ur bosies are naturally clsposed Yo maintain a steady welght,inuding stored energy ‘eserves for times when ood becomes unatalable Yet sometimes pychlogia infurnees ‘overeheim biological wisdom- This becomes ally learn thee ening daorers, + Anorexia nervosa rypilly bogs 4s. weight-loss det. People wth area sual adolescents 9 nes ox of 10 female chop signa bel neal vig el hey ft ear beg and emai seed wth log weg ned sometimes exe ones: Abot half o thaw with ners apy tinge, Puge-depresion gee + Butinia nervosa may abo be uiggeted by a eights dt, boken by gaging on fede fds Binge pune este women th late treo a ‘wentes—eat in spr, sometines influenced by Hens who are bingeing (ra, 198 Ina yc of repeating epee is flowed by compensatory papoeeeoe ging through vomitingorlnative we) asing or exces nerese Wondech YoRtos hin Anos tl, 2007, Preocepied with food (ving see and ight ood) andeeruled crntagpeeres tao Secoing rn Hinge pug sas pee bx deen andaiety— Seta Paro during lng binges in ans, 1987 Jonson e203, Unie PHT lar Fn snore, bina s make by wef Dctatons within arabovenormalanges, Shaman mating the conto ney thie + Thowe who do signa! ing eat, flied by morse donot ge, a, cr xerse excessively ares have binge eating oordee. Anationl study funded bythe US. National Insite of Mental Health reported that, area ervoes an xin at some point during ther fetime 6 percent of people meet the itera for anorea,I__aztm whchapern Cally percent for bulimia, and 2.8 percent for binge-eating disorder (Huson etal, 2007).So,how aden era) nse ‘aniwe explain these donde? evant 15 po) Eating disorders donor provide (s some hve speculates) a tela sign of cichood Ean serea abuse (Slik &« Momen, 202; te, 2002) The family envionment may provide a ae ‘erie ound forthe growth fang dnodem eather wage hone eee ote * Motes fg wth ong sores endo os on theron weigh anda hire thy mt aught weight and appesrance ke & Rin, 19). See mana vonngar bat ie acme + Famles of bulimia patent have higher than-usual incidence of cikhood obesity “he tan and negative self-evaluation Jacobse al, 2008), (gaa Goorda wpe ‘+ Familes of anorexia patents tend to be competitive high-achiving, and protective tpreatngeymics int Pate eat, 1952; Yate, 19897, 190), erp ‘Thove with cating sos oe have lw self valuations, st petitions stan- thane ane rds fret about fling short of expectations and are intensely concerned wih how oth ers perceive them Peters etal, 2007; Polvy& Herman, 2002; Sheny fe Hal, 2009), Some ofthese factors also predict ten boys pursuit of unvelstic muscarity (Ricdardely Mecabe, 200) Genetics also infivencesuscoplity to eating dtorers Tins ce mor kel o share the cisondeitheyare dental rather than atrral (Caer 2008 Kump eta, 209, Root eta, 2010). Scientists are now searching fr curt genes, which may influence the boxy’ avalible serotonin and etogen Klum & Culbert 2007 But these csonders also have eultual and gender components, Heal shapes vary across culture and time. In impoverished areas of the worl, incloding much of Afi ‘where phumpness means prosperty and thinness can signal poverty ar ness biggerfy JS Eee eves om Hafan i ere an ee fashion magaci (Sice eal 200) Compaed wth Sma ere, ‘ceptance of one’s body? Reviews of prevention NEL *Sioletons on Parade” & reneap ee yaa naar etree aise sano Saepeceoemingea ars foe Bec 1000 Personality Disorders ‘What are the three clusters of personality disorders? What behaviors (ED ine bran athity characterize the antisocial personaly? ‘Some dfnctionl behavior pattems aps people's factioning without depression tr delusions Amang them ate personality lsorders—disuptiv,inflexble, and endur- in behavior patterns that impair one's socal functioning. Ansty sa feature of one caster perronaityasordrs ‘fia cleonders such a feat ensittyto rejection that predisposes the withdrawn Frvcoges dda Couidan! pormality disorder A socord cose exprescs eccentric or odd behaviors, such a8 harcore yea the emotionless disengagement ofthe sehzoid personality done A thie caster exhibits ncung avo teres at ee tbaatico impulsive behaviors, such as the atetion-geting historic esoaalty drier ind the stoned and selfing wrist personality dsoderOerDioer Module 69 698 ‘Sw Bik nana os ant maton tea To pele ‘ats abaa poral dre pcoraty seb rm ‘Scat an eens ay, tr pov lh conta sich Sedereesenar Antisocial Personality Disorder ‘The most troubling and heavily researched personality sori the ‘antisocial personality disorder. The person (sates called «8 stioath or a peyhonath) is typically a male whose lack of co Science becomes plain before age 15 as he begin tole, sel ight, for diplayurvestained sexual behavior (Cale & Lilienfeld, 2002), ‘About hal f such children become antisocial adlts—unable {Keep a job, imesponsible as ypouse and parent, and asaultive or ‘thers criminal (Farrington, 1991) When the antisocial persona iy combines a keen intelligence with amoral, the result may be @ ‘arming and eever con artista ruthless corporate executive (Saks ‘Suis is «book on antsocal behavior in busines) —or worse Despite their remorseless and sometimes criminal behavior criminality isnot an essen Tsay. ae ry ty” tial component of antisocial behevor (Ske & Cooke, 2010)-Moveover,manycriminals do Matin ei ona, rot fit the desertion of antisocial personality csorder Why? Beeause they actully show — fepentoty nome seee ot responsible concer for thee ends a fly embers ‘crit and tsa no ext Antisocll personalities behave impulsively, and then fel and fear litle (Fowles & #88! eon rd indo, 2005). The results sometimes are hoenyng, as they were Inthe case of Henry Lee Lucas. He killed his ist vitin when he wae 13. He fl ite reget then o lace He confessed that, uring nis 32 yeas of cing, he had braaly beaten, socal, stabbed, shot or mutilated some 360 women, men and chilies Forthe lat 6 years of hi eign of tezzor, Lucas teamed with Elwood Tole, who reportedly slaughtered sbout 60 people he “rt think was went ving anyhow” (Darrach&e Noms, 198}. Understanding Antisocial Personality Disorder Ss Antz personaly disorders woven of both ological and prychaogcal sands No Sunt Panola ode single gee codes for «complex behavior sucha xe, But tn an adaption sues peso yea ets ‘evel tha bloga lates of hose wth anol and unematinal tendencies are athe rome, ineosed er anti ev Lawn tal, 207, Lvs ang 2008). Nec. Sen ea ha lar genetits have iene sme spec genes that are more common tn hese wt) Nye ges nso personaly disorder (Gunter et 2010) The genet valet of people"700 Unit XIl_atroma sean “wth antisocial and unemotonal tendencies appears as a feales ap- nusewmcimmtonscine _protc to fe, Awaiting aversive events, suchas eect shor o load excusing | akheiburimse!” noses, they show litle autonomie nervous system arousal (Hate, 1975 ee cil fan Goozen et aly 2007). Long-term studies have shown that their Teves of ste houmones were lower than average when they were sens before cmmmiting ay cae FIGURE 69.1). The-yeo= 7 {sto ate slow to develop conditioned fears ae ater moe ik to omit ime (Gao etal, 201 | ‘rer tus have ound ta preschool Boys who ater became ag- pos o antsnial adolsens fend 1 be inp anihbited, . “unconcerned with social rewards, and low in anxiety (Caspi et al., 1996; ‘Femblay ct a 990, 1 chaneled in nore podctive dretons, such ferkesares may ee to courageous eros, adverts, save nents Shel athleticism (Poulton & Milne, 2002). Lacking a sense of social responst- ‘tuston” Seon bitty, the serve disposition may produce a cool con ats or kller (yk 1 ta cin cniton ter 1585) The pees hat pu role atk for antisocial eh ls ‘nina exmieon put people at risk fr substance use disorders, which helps explain why — these disorders often appear in combination (Dick, 2007). Coton rousaity Gente ntuencen fen combination with cil abuse, help wie the bain Dodge, amerekoferime Lente! gg. Rime (999 200) compared PET scans of A murderers with those ae caer yom people of snl: age and so Raine found Yue acy in the murderers ont ‘Bragg Mirah nara fthe ote that lps contol imple HGURE 82) Tae reson wis ehlarancnrse tes, area apparent in hoe who murdered impulse na oe up st Rane and is ae itecrtnae tum O00 found hat cent repeat fenders had 1 percent es foal abe tue tha Sons al Fon poral Tsp expan why people wih ans personality disorder vk ma Mega eh {ett n tonal ob cognlte tetons sc es pling organization nd nktion ‘Stone, 200). Campored with people whofe and apa epatly the trae also espn lesa to facial ipl of ther ses (Dele, 2006. “Rbsloyicly based fearless a8 wel as earl enronment, helps ea the re ion of ong seated sisters yc Lat, 27, and Mary Jones, 25—in South Gna ‘room where ath were set on dugcharges tera newspaper any about hel enon, {hain ls a brother Pra Sida calle, He eplined it wou bea before he coud cme stems, 0, asin jal on Gg play ance charges Ghephert etal, 190. ‘Genes alone shady the whole try of antsocal eine however Astor ral tendencies mang young Danish men Hoses the usesiness af a complete io thus approach Another Adan Raine od sty (199) checked rnin cond on esl 409 ment age 2022, knowing that hes men. eter had experienc olga Ta ator a bith sch as peatre th same rm forbes make by Covet ao (fea earning tan? ‘tierce as toi eras ay rence of Moon ‘een horaoee bra pao (tees a ta O22 acon 505, Figure 69.2 Murderous mings Faxewctes Searoenin einer bam eps aia meu sees eter aro 190).— = "Ota Diaries Module 69701 Figure 69.3, Peerage 29% Biopoychosecial rots ot poverty and family instabilty The researchers then compared each ofthese two groups with third basco group whose lives were marked by Both the biologie! and sok ik fac {oes The biosocal group had double the rskot commiting crime (FIGURE 69), Sinilar findings emerge fom a famous study that followed 1937 chien for x quarter-centry ‘Two combine factor— Ask younseur tow mh oy biplane tach dosong | scl party ea | TEST YOURSELF ho cotton ogee maaan esc paso dbo? ‘ee at a ear nae ace702 Unit XIl_ abner Module 69 Review ‘What are somatic symptom and relates disorders? |¢ Somatic sytom ddr presons a somatic bly) ‘symptom some plysologialy unexplained but serial fk alm © With everson dard (also called ftional seutoogicel symptom disorder), ast appears Converted ta psi! symptom that has no reasonable euroogial basis. (6) The more common las acy dcr is the Interpretation of normal sensation sa dreaded disorder. ‘What are dissociative disorders, and why are they controversia!? (6D zonder are onions in which conscious wareness sen to become separated ram previous emacs thoughts, and feelings. ‘2 Skeptics note that srt dott soe femetiy ‘nov as maple personality disor increased ‘homie in the te hoe entry at is 7 Found outside Nowh America and that it may refit role plying by people who ate valneabi to therapist suggestions, Others vw tis esd a manifestation of fetings of arse ora response beamed wen behaviors are rence by at redution Multiple-Choice Questions 41, Adela regularly interpsetsorinary physi symptoms ‘ike stomach cramps and headaches as serions medial robles, Her doctors unable to convince her that her problems ace not serous. Aden sufers rom 2 les arity disorder. 1. conversion disorder © faguestate, 1 distcative identity disorder How do anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-cating disorder demonstrate ‘the influence of psychological and genetic forces? © Inthese ating does, pychoogial factors may ‘ovens the homeostatic ve to main balanced lateral ate, © Despite being ignficany undermight people with noes nerve (ull adolescent females) continve © tht because they view themselves as at ‘© Thowe with iis nero (asa females in the wens and wens) eerly hinge anal then compensate by urging fing x exessivaly exercising © Those with ng-cnting ser binge but do net follow Dingeing with purging fasting oF exec © Catal pressures fo selesteem and negative ‘motions interact wah stestl fe experiences and fenets to produce eating dade. a \What are the thre clusters of personality disorders? What behaviors and Brain ‘ctivy characterize the antisocial personality? 4¢Persoalty dnd ae disruptive nfl and enduring behavior pattems that pai socal functioning. ‘© These sores fem clusters, bse on three main characteris (1) amet, eccentric or od behaios land @) rama or impulse behaves. © Autccin pronaity soe characte by alc of conscience nd sometimes, agyesive and eres behavior Genetic predspostins may ineact with the emsonent to pocie the altered brain atity ‘sociatec with anita personality dso, £2 Which ofthe following i the diagnosis given t people vith maliple personalities? 2. Schizophrenia ‘> Anssocil personality disorder . Fuguestate 1d. Conversion disorder fe Dissociative deny disordereC er 3. Which ofthe followings he defining characteristic of antisocial perscraity disorder? 2 Violence 1b Lack conscience © Mood swings 4. Unexplained physical symptoms © Commiting serial murders Practice FROs 1. Name and biel doserite the eating disorders, 2, Dissoiatve Ident disorder (DID) is among the most controversial of al psyehelogiel disorders Eielly Answer describe the disorder. Then, provide ane piece of 1 points Anoreia nervosa ia dsorer in which the ‘dence tha supports the existence ofthe disiderand individuals starve themselves despite being significantly ‘one piece of evidence that woud indie the csorer ndeeight. might nt be genuine. 1 point: Bulimia nervosa is a csonde in which the points) Individual atemates hetveen bingeing and ugg 4 point: Binge-ating disorders a disorder in wich the inividual binges without purging.704 Unit XIl_ Amo Unit XII Review Key Terms and Concepts to Remember psychological disorder» 651 postraumaticstes dorder(PTSD),_somaticsyptom rd p.698 attention efciayperacty disorder 664 comin oer 698 {ADHD}, . 682 pstraumati growth, p65 ness ety sorde p64 medical model, p 653, hood vores p67 Associative disorders p64 DSM 5,p 664 ‘major depressive sot p 672 issciative ientydsorder (OD), aniey disorders p. 661 sani, 573 pes genoralired ansety dione. 662 bipolar sores p 673 snore nevossp.697 panic dscrder, p. 652 rumination, p67 ‘lia nervosa. 697 bin p62 schisopnenia 684 ‘inge-eating sede p. 697 social anne iar p 662 psychosis 684 personality sordes p. 68 deprephcbia p63 devon 684 antisocial personality isons, p. 69 cbsesve-compulsive order (OCD), hallucination p85 653 AP® Exam Practice Questions Multipte-Choice Questions 41, Which of the following statements i fe? 8, What do ment heath profesional call a clay 1 Many behavioral and cognitive changes accompany significant disturbance in an inivdual cognition, apes ‘emotion regulon, or behavior? by, Someone suffering kom depression wil gt better 4. Aninteaction of tere and norte nly with therapy or mediation. 1. Apiysinogal state e Compard with men, women ate nary tice as ‘© Agent predispostion ‘alnerble to major depression. 4. Apmsholgia cor Stes events related to work manage and close fA psychological disorder relationships olen precise depression ‘4 Adolescent mood swings might be misdiagosed as With each new generation, depression skin Sh pcos sores? eater an aecting more peopl. 2. The rk of major depession and bipolar disorder dramatically increases if you have ster a debilitating injury have an adoptive parent that hs the disorder, fave a parent or sling withthe dso. Ive ie treatening ness Ihave above-average intligence Schizophrenia 1, Temper tantrums ©. Oppostional defiant disorder 4. Bipolar disorder ADHD ‘5, Asplit som reat that shows iselfin disorganized thinking, sturbed perceptions, andor diminished tr inappropriate emotions is associated with which pychologeal disorder? ‘Schizophrenia Phobias Depression Bipolar disorder Anwietyfavew Unit Xil 708 {8 The nary 1-n-100 odds of any person boing diagnosed ‘with schizophrenia Become abot Tin 10 amang hone 4 wo als sufer ansity sore | wiose sibling or parent has the lsd, who have Been diagnosed with depression, AL who ve with someone diagnosed with schizophrenia whose identical twin has schizo, "7. Which ofthe allowing canbe characterized as compulsion? 1 Won about exposure to germs ovns ' Feartht something tonite about to happen © Conger with making sue this ein symmetcal order 44 Anviety when objects are natin up in an esse pater Checking repeatedly ose if dors ae lacked ', Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation are called 2. word salads b dolusions. © paranoid thoughts, 4. ruminations hallucinations 9. What the most common reason people seek mental bealth services? 2, Depression 1. Dipoirdivantr Posttraumatic tres diner Dissociative identity disorder ness arse ister 40. Dran-scanning techniques revel what kinds of ‘ai activity dferencs in people wth cheonic schizophrenia? Abnormally high brn asi inthe font obs 1, Aninceas inthe bain waves tha reflect synchronized nera fing Aoemal actin multiple bai seas {4 Desreased acon te style 1 Alack of dopamine receptre 114. Which personaly died fasocated wth a lack of ‘eget over violating othe ght? a. Anisacial personality disorder bb Avoidant personality disorder Schznd pereonaity csorder 4. Histrionic personality dlsader Narisitie personality disorder 12, What term refers to thoughts about who or what we blame for ou successes an fies? a. Stability >, Enotional memory ©. Thesocial-cogntive perspetive 4. Explanatory tle © Dissociative easoning 18. Although some psychologia disorder ae cuiture- ‘bound others are univers Which fhe following “isons found in every known cals? 2 Blin newosa 1 Anoresa ners © Suso & Sthizophreio © Tain-kyoho 114. Modern psychologists contend thal behave, ‘whether ts called noma or disordered, arises rom the interaction of a. gente and physiology by ehdren and parents, experience ad wider, 4. nor endenctes an dries, natureand nema, 418. Which ofthe folowing are symptoms of genealized ansiery disorder? ‘4 Unexpainable and continual erson bb Sudden episodes of intense dread (© Imation and intense fear ofa spec object sitaton . Repestive thoughts or ations ©, Nightmares for weeks ater a sever. unconslale[eae ee 708 Unit X normal Be Free-Response Questions 4. After wading her AP Pajeholgy tet ne starts to wonderifall young people have some Kind of pychologial disorder Fst, bly explain what you right at Jane about the crea poycholgists use fhe diagnosing mental Hesse, Then, bie explain the syenptome associated with the following cagnoses and how age ight be slated to cach diagnosis: + ADHD 1+ Anorexia nervoss + oc + Blpla disorder fui for Fre-RasponseQueston 1 {points Pchlide a corde 22 sgt ‘tne thnking emotion anlobehavr thats tralaope ne geneva statement that al young people five pycologeal dod doco make sense is htc ts norly thrall young peng have dient “Etnce at ntesr wih hi yoy Tes. (Ci page 651 1 point ADHD The pts of ADHD ile naten- tee perc, end npeliey: ADAD ingest more Sen iryoung people ut coe ase abo diagnosed “with ADHD. @ page 652 Tota: Anoresinnens The symptoms of anaes n= {ante aston di tat ein aeons Ingat tnt 5 percent han he rhe sed Of the ‘Mhptons of anrea servos appeerinalence see dy meget to be foun ring tise of, bat pelea any age ight safe ms thi dere. Cipage 67 “pint: OCD-The symptoms f OCD invented ‘eptv hugh (nesstn) and tons comps). {Tar daaer sore comment ignored intend oungadls page cot 1 point: ple order The smpo oftiplr sod ‘civ aeratng between anise deprersen. Se eetogs hk tht else ond wings gt hve See nese inthis diagno among ye pope in recent yer pages 67-478 2. Desc what the terms absesson and npn refer to nthe contest of obsessive-compulsive diarder. Then, ey explain | ‘+ an ep of common obsession experienced by {nivel with obsessive compulsive disorder + anexample ofa commen compulsion experienced by inuivduals with abzensive-compulsivedsorder. + how thelering perspective explains cormpulsions. + howe the biologal porspectiv explains compulsions points) £8. Peychologite organize psychological sorders ito fategories (in publications sich asthe DSM-5) in oder to-commuricate commanaies and differences among povchologal dsrder, and imply appropeate treatment ard encourage future research, For each ofthe peychologieal disorders below, explain what pajehoglal dso category itshould be organized fi and why it “belongs” in that category. “Major depressive dlsorder + Dissociative identity dsorder + Pane diode = Phobias points) Maltiple-choie seftests and more may be found at ‘ewwworthpublishers.com/MyersAP2¢