Tutorial Como Unir Dados de Uma Tabela em Um Shape Quantum Gis

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Introduction to QGIS
Presented at the 2011 CAR Conference, Raleigh, NC

Timothy C. Barmann
The Providence Journal / projo.com
tbarmann@projo.com
401-277-7369
http://www.projo.com/temp/tim/nicar/qgis_tutorial/
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Download
QGIS open source software
North Carolina counties shapefile [Check the box for County and Equivalent (Current) and click download.]
North Carolina population estimates Excel spreadsheet
jQuery Can link to a jQuery CDN - no need to download
jQuery plugins: Tooltips, Maphilight, Metadata
Web page map template
OR ...
One zip file with everything except QGIS. (2.5 mb) http://www.projo.com/temp/tim/nicar/qgis_files.zip
One zip file with this tutorial, everything except QGIS. (9.5 mb)
http://www.projo.com/temp/tim/nicar/qgis_files_and_tutorial.zip
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Workshop objective
To make simple choropleth interactive map for a web page using QGIS, free open source mapping software.
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Choropleth mapping
A choropleth map is a
thematic map that has
shaded or colored
geographic regions to
represent differing
values, such as
population density or
per-capita income. It
gives a snapshot of how
a particular measurment
or characteristic varies
from place to place.
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What we need
Shapefile
Data
GIS software
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Shapefile
A collection of files that describe points, lines, and polygons. A shapefile can be used to represent town boundaries,
roads, rivers, and lakes, etc.
It can also contain data about the things it describes, such as population, temperature, road types.
A shapefile has a file extension of .shp, and usually comes with one or more companion files with extensions dbf,
prj, xml and shx.
The Census Bureau, as well as many state and local government agencies provide shapefiles.
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Data
The data you want to map, usually in the form of an Excel spreadsheet, Access or MySQL database, or CSV file.
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GIS Software
Quantum GIS, or QGIS, is a widely-used open-source program for GIS work. It's available for free for Windows,
Linux and Mac OSX platforms at http://www.qgis.org/.
We'll use QGIS to join together the data we want to map with the geographic information stored in the shapefile.
Then we'll export an image of the map, and some html code so we can create a web version of the map with live
tooltips.
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Other software
I'll assume you have access to Microsoft Excel. If not, you can use Open Office, a free office suite similar to
Microsoft Office. You'll also need a simple text editor to create the web page for the map.
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Let's get started

We're going to build a map that shows
the change in population for each county
in North Carolina between 2000 and
2008.
The shapefile we need can be found at
http://www2.census.gov/cgibin/shapefiles2009/state-files?state=37.
Check the box for County and Equivalent
(Current) and click download.
If you haven't done so already, download
the files and software from the links at the
top.
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Shapefile and companion files

Unzip the shapefile
you downloaded.
These are the files
contained in the zip
file.
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Preparing the data

Open the
population
spreadsheet.
To make this
exercise
simpler,
remove all the
population
columns except
those for 2000
and 2008.
Delete the
other extra
rows and
notes, as
shown in the
next slide.
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Preparing the data (cont.)

Search and
replace the
county column
to get rid of the
space and the
word "County"
that follows the
county names.
There may be a
period in front
of each county
name that
needs to be
removed. Add
two more
columns called
"change" and
"pct_chg" with
the appropriate
formulas.
Format the four
columns with
numbers as
"general." We'll
make the
percent value
look nice later.
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Save the data file

Save the spreadsheet as a CSV file.
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Load the shapefile into QGIS

Click on
Layer and
choose Add
Vector
Layer
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Load the shapefile into QGIS (cont.)

Choose the shapefile of North Carolina
counties you downloaded and unzipped
from the Census bureau.
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Working with the shapefile

Here's how it
should look. The
color may vary.
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Open attribute table

Click on Layer
and select Open
Attribute Table.
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Attribute table
The attribute
table holds the
data that came
with the map as
part of the
shapefile.
We won't need to
worry about most
of these fields,
except "NAME"
which is going be
our join field to
match up the data
from the CSV file
we've prepared.
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Get needed plugins

There are two
plugins we need
to complete the
exercise: mmqgis
and Html Image
Map plugin.
Click on Plugins
and if you don't
see those listed,
you'll need to
download and
install.
To do so, choose
Fetch Python
Plugins
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Get needed plugins (cont.)

Click Add 3rd party
repositories
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Click on the plugins
tab and search for
mmqgis, then click
on install.
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Follow the same
procedure for the
Html Image Map
plugin.
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Import the CSV file

With the plugins
installed, we're
ready to import
the CSV file that
contains our
Census
population data.
Click on Plugins
and choose
mmqgis and
Attributes Join
from CSV File.
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Import the CSV file (cont.)

Click browse to select the Census CSV file we saved earlier from
Excel.
In the CSV File Field, choose County. And in the Join Layer
Attribute, choose NAME. These are our two join fields.
For Output Shapefile, you can accept the default name. Save it to
your working directory and do the same for the Not Found CSV
Output List.
Make sure Add joined layer to project is checked, and click OK.
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Import the CSV file (cont.)

If everything went
correctly, you will see
the new layer added
to your project.
This would be a good
time to save the
project, if you haven't
done so already.
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Attribute Table with new data

If you open the
attribute table
again (click on
Layer, then Open
Attribute Table),
you'll see that the
new data has
been joined with
the data that was
in the shapefile.
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Format string fields to numbers

There's a problem
with the data: the
mmqgis plugin
did not recognize
the new number
fields as being
numbers. They
are stored as
strings instead.
So QGIS can't
properly use the
data until it is
converted to
integers or reals.
To do that, first
click on the pencil
icon on the
bottom row of
icons to enter
Editing mode.
Then click on the
calculator icon,
the last icon on
that row.
This launches the
field calculator.
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Format string fields to numbers (cont.)

In the field calculator, in the New field
section, enter the name for a new
column that will hold the number value
for all the string values in the july_2008
field.
Choose Whole number (integer) for
Output field type.
In the Operators section, click to real
and that will begin an expression in the
Field calculator expression box. Finish
the expression by entering the source
field, july_2008, and close the
parenthesis.
Click OK.
Repeat this process for the July 2000
field as well.
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For the pct_chg field, in Output field
type, choose Decimal number (real).
Change the Output field precision to 3.
Click OK.
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Finally, let's create a new column that
will hold a string value we'll use as a
tooltip. This will be the message the
reader sees when the mouse is moved
over a particular region of the map.
For Output field name, enter pct_str,
choose Text (string) and make the
Output field width 50.
In the Field calculator expression
section, enter this formula:
NAME + ':' + to string
(pct_chg * 100) + '%'
This concatenates the NAME field,
which holds the county name, with the
percent change value and formats it to
look like a percentage.
Click OK.
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Now in the Attribute table, you'll see the new fields. Note that the values that are stored as strings appear flush left,
while those that are stored as numbers are flush right.
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Important step: to save these changes, you must click the editing pencil icon again. Otherwise, these new columns
will not be saved.
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Coloring the map

We're ready to color
the map, based on the
Census data we've
imported.
Click on Layers and
choose Properties.
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Coloring the map (cont.)

In the Layers Properties dialog box,
on the left side, choose Symbology.
You may need to move the scroll
bar to see it.
For Legend type, choose
Graduated Symbol.
For Classification field, choose
pct_int.
For Mode, choose Equal Interval.
For Number of class, choose 6.
Click on Classify and the six
classes will appear below, with
colors and the ranges they
represent.
Click Apply.
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You should see the
colors applied to the
map, and the legend
of colors and values in
the Layers window.
This is the default
color palette selected
by QGIS. But we can
change the colors and
the ranges. To do
that, go back into the
Symbology options
(Layers | Properties |
Symbology).
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Click on the range next to the first
color and a dialog box will appear to
allow you to change the range upper
and lower values.
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Let's make all the negative values the same color by entering 0 for Upper value.
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We'll make that color bright red. Click on the green
swatch next to the first range, and choose a new color.
Click OK.
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We have to adjust the second
range so it is large enough to hold
the values that were part of the first
range.
Click on the numbers for the
second range, and change the
Lower bound to .001.
Click Apply and OK.
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Now we can
immediately see
which counties had
population declines.
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Making an interactive web map

Let's
get
our
map
ready to export.
Whatever you see in the map window will be in your final Html map.
I prefer to get rid of the default icons that QGIS places on maps: the copy right notice, a measurement bar and a
North marker. These are the icons to change these settings.
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Making an interactive web map (cont.)
Resize the QGIS window to get the map the size you want it to be on your web page.
Click the magnifying glass icon with the four outward-pointing areas to make sure you fill up any extra space.
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We're ready to export our map and html code to create an interactive web map.
Click on Plugins, and choose Html Image Map Plugin and Image Map.
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In the Html Image Map plugin,
the image size is already set
based on the dimensions of
the QGIS map window.
If you don't like these
dimensions, click cancel,
resize the map window and
try again.
Choose a filename. Note,
enter the filename without the
extension. The plugin will
automatically append
the .html to the filename you
enter.
Uncheck all the boxes except
onMouseOver attr. For that
value, select pct_str, the field
that holds the mouseover
message.
Click OK.
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If everything works properly, the plugin will create two files: An html page and an image with the extension png.
Open up the html file with a text editor and copy all the code between the start tag and the end tag (including those
tags).
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Open up the web map template page you downloaded earlier. Paste the map code into this template file.
Change the src attribute to the name of the png file created by the Html Image Map plugin.
Save the web page file.
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The final product

Open the web
page file in
your browser.
If all went
well, this is
what you
should see.
Move your
mouse over
individual
counties to
see the
population
change
percentage.
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What we didn't cover

This
only
scratches the surface of what QGIS can do. You may want to explore the labeling functions; adding additional
layers to the map to include roads and bodies of water; and the other ways to divide up the data into different
classes, such as quantiles, which can produce a very different looking map.
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5/8/2011

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Page 1 of 50

Presented at the 2011 CAR Conference, Raleigh, NC

QGIS open source software

North Carolina population estimates Excel spreadsheet

jQuery Can link to a jQuery CDN - no need to download

jQuery plugins: Tooltips, Maphilight, Metadata

Web page map template

Let's get started

Shapefile and companion files

Preparing the data

Preparing the data (cont.)

Save the data file

Load the shapefile into QGIS

Load the shapefile into QGIS (cont.)

Working with the shapefile

Open attribute table

Get needed plugins

Get needed plugins (cont.)

Get needed plugins (cont.)

Get needed plugins (cont.)

Import the CSV file

Import the CSV file (cont.)

Import the CSV file (cont.)

Attribute Table with new data

Format string fields to numbers

Format string fields to numbers (cont.)

Format string fields to numbers (cont.)

Format string fields to numbers (cont.)

Format string fields to numbers (cont.)

Format string fields to numbers (cont.)

Coloring the map

Coloring the map (cont.)

Coloring the map (cont.)

Coloring the map (cont.)

Coloring the map (cont.)

Coloring the map (cont.)

Coloring the map (cont.)

Coloring the map (cont.)

Making an interactive web map

Making an interactive web map (cont.)

Making an interactive web map (cont.)

Making an interactive web map (cont.)

Making an interactive web map (cont.)

Making an interactive web map (cont.)

The final product

What we didn't cover

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