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Tài Liệu Học Tiếng Nhật 1
Tài Liệu Học Tiếng Nhật 1
Ch : t bi ny tr v sau, quy c l:
* Ch Romaji khi cc bn nhn thy ch thng tc l ch vit bng HIRAGANA, cn ch IN l vit
bng KATAKANA. V d:
<anata> : (ch thng) tc l ch ny vit bng HIRAGANA
<TEREBI> : (ch INH) tc l ch ny vit bng KATAKANA
* cc t nh <onamaewa>, <kochirawa>,<dewa>..... th y l do ng php nn c l wa, cn khi
vit bng HIRAGANA l vit ch <ha> tc l <onamaeha>, <kochiraha>, <deha>.....
I. T VNG
<watashi> : ti
<watashitachi>: chng ta, chng ti
<anata> : bn
<anohito> : ngi kia
<anokata> : v kia
<minasan> : cc bn, cc anh, cc ch, mi ngi
<san> : anh , ch
<chan> : b ( dng cho n) hoc gi thn mt cho tr con ( c nam ln n)
<kun> : b (dng cho nam) hoc gi thn mt
<jin> : ngi nc
<sensei> : gio vin
<kyoushi> : gio vin ( dng ni n ngh nghip)
<gakusei> : hc sinh, sinh vin
<kaishain> : nhn vin cng ty
<shain> : nhn vin cng ty
<ginkouin> : nhn vin ngn hng
<isha> : bc s
<kenkyuusha> : nghin cu sinh
<ENJINIA> : k s
<daigaku> : trng i hc
<byouin> : bnh vin
<denki> : in
<dare> : ai (hi ngi no )
<donata> : ngi no, v no (cng ngha trn nhng lch s hn)
: <sai> : tui
<nansai> : my tui
<oikutsu> : my tui (Dng lch s hn)
<hai> : vng
<iie> : khng
<shitsurei desu ga> : xin li ( khi mun nh ai vic g )
<onamaewa> : bn tn g?
<hajimemashite> : cho ln u gp nhau
: rt hn hnh c lm quen
<kochirawa san desu> : y l ngi
<kara kimashita> : n t
<AMERIKA> : M
<IGIRISU> : Anh
<INDO> : n
<INDONESHIA> : Indonesia
<kankoku> : Hn quc
<TAI> : Thi Lan
<chuugoku> : Trung Quc
<DOICHI> : c
<nihon> : Nht
<FURANSU> : Php
<BURAJIRU> : Brazil
<sakura daigaku> : Trng H Sakura
<fuji daigaku> : Trng H Ph S
IMC: tn cng ty
<BAWA-denki> : tn cng ty in kh Power
<BURAJIRUEA> : hng khng Brazil
AKC: tn cng ty
II. NG PHP
Mu cu 1: _____<ha>_____<desu>
* Vi mu cu ny ta dng tr t <ha> (c l <wa>, ch khng phi l <ha> trong bng ch - y
l cu trc cu-.) T ch ny v sau s vit l <wa> lun, cc bn c hiu khi vit s l vit ch <ha>
trong bng ch
* Cch dng: Dng ni tn, ngh nghip, quc tch ( tng t nh ng t TO BE ca ting Anh.
* y l mu cu khng nh
Vd:
<watashi wa MAIKU MIRA- desu>
( ti l Michael Miler)
Mu cu 2: _____<wa>_____<ja>/<dewa>
* Mu cu vn dng tr t <wa> nhng vi ngha ph nh. mu cu ny ta c th dng
<ja> hoc<dewa> i trc<arimasen>u c.
* Cch dng tng t nh cu trc khng nh.
Vd:
()
<SANTOSU san wa gakusei ja (dewa) arimasen.>
( anh Santose khng phi l sinh vin.)
Mu cu 3:_____<wa> _____<desu><ka>
IMC
<MIRA san wa IMC no shain desu>
(Anh Michael l nhn vin cng ty IMC)
<TERESA chan wa nansai (oikutsu) desu ka>
(B Teresa bao nhiu tui?)
<TERESA chan wa kyuu sai desu>
(B Teresa 9 tui)
() ()
Mu cu 5: _____ <wa>___<no>
- y l cu trc dng tr t<no> ch s s hu.
- C khi mang ngha l ca nhng c khi khng mang ngha cu vn hay hn.
Vd:
IMC .
<IMC no shain>
(Nhn vin ca cng ty IMC>
<Nihongo no hon>
(Sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 6: _____<wa><nansai><oikutsu><desu ka>
_____ <wa><sai><desu>
- y l mu cu hi vi t hi ( nghi vn t)<nansai><oikutsu> dng
hi tui
- <nansai> Dng hi tr nh ( di 10 tui).
<oikutsu> Dng hi 1 cch lch s.
Vd:
<Taro kun wa nan sai desu ka?>
(B Taro my tui vy ?)
<Taro kun wa kyuu sai desu.>
(B Taro 9 tui)
<Yamada san wa oikutsu desu ka?>
(Anh Yamada bao nhiu tui vy?)
<Yamada san wa yonjuugo sai desu>
(Anh Yamada 45 tui)
S m:
<ichi>
<ni>
<san>
<yon> (<shi>
<go>
<roku>
<nana> (<shichi>
<hachi>
<kyuu>
<juu>
<juuichi>
<juuni>
<nijuu>
<nijuuichi>
<nijuuni>
<issai> 1 tui
<nijuu issai> 21 tui
<hatachi> 20 tui
Mu cu 7: a. _____<wa><san(sama)><desu ka>
b. _____ <wa> <dare><donata><desu ka>
- Mu cu (a.) dng xc nh li tn mt ngi.
- Mu cu (b.) dng hi tn mt ngi vi nghi vn t<dare><donata>
- Mu cu (b.) dng t thng dng l<dare>, khi mun ni 1 cch lch s th dng
<donata>.
Vd:
a.
<ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
b.
<ano hito wa dare desu ka>
(Ngi ny l ai vy ?)
<ano kata wa donata desu ka>
(V ny l ngi no vy?)
Cc im ch thm:
Khi gii thiu tn mnh khng bao gi c ni thm ch <san> hoc <sama> ( c ngha l
ngi, gi mt cch tn knh) v trong ting Nht c s t nh l ngi Nht lun t h mnh trc ngi
khc. Khi gii thiu tn ngi khc th phi thm ch <san> hoc <sama> ( khi gii thiu
ngi ln tui c a v x hi cao)
Mu cu 8:__A___
+ ___A__ _____
- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.
- Ngha l ( ___A__ l ngi nc no?)
Vd:
- A san wa nani jin desuka. ( A l ngi nc no?)