PRESENTED BY

Engr. C. W. WAMUO FNSE, FNIM

AT THE
NSE WARRI BRANCH
PRE-INTERVIEW SEMINAR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This paper is very largely curled from
Engr. (Prof) C. C. Okoros paper on professional ethics in
engineering.
The additions are indeed minimal

THE ROLE OF AN ENGINEER IN SOCIETY IS TO

SOLVE SOCIETAL PROBLEMS
TECHNOLOGICALLY BY:
BUILDING THE NECESSARY
INFRASTRUCTURE (ROADS,BRIDGES, etc),
CONTRIBUTING TOWARDS THE
INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE COUNTRY
(ELECTRICAL &INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION) &
CONNECTING THE WORLD
(TELECOMMUNICATIONS).
ENGRS MAIN RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE TO
BUILD, FIX OR REBUILD OBJECTS.
THERE ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF ENGINEERS.

ENGRS ARE PROFESSIONALS WHO

HAVE DEVELOPED THE SKILLS & KNOWLEDGE
NECESSARY FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES,
MACHINES, SYSTEMS & OTHER TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVICES.
ARE VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE VIRTUALLY
EVERY PART OF OUR LIVES INVOLVES SOME
MACHINE, TECHNOLOGICAL DEVICES & SYSTEMS.
WORK TO ENSURE THAT THESE THINGS ARE
SUSTAINED AND SAFE.
ARE CONSULTED IF ANY STRUCTURE ,SYSTEM OR
DEVISE NEEDS TO BE BUILT.

ENGINEERS ABIDE BY A STRICT CODE OF ETHICS

REQUIRING THAT THEY MAINTAIN PUBLIC WELLBEING.
THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEERS (NSPE) EXPLAINS THAT THE WORK OF
ENGINEERS DIRECTLY AFFECTS THE PUBLIC IN
WAYS THAT IMPACT HEALTH, SAFETY AND
WELLNESS.
IT IS FOR THIS REASON THAT ENGINEERS MUST
HOLD THEMSELVES TO A STRICT CODE OF ETHICS
THAT ACKNOWLEDGES THIS RESPONSIBILITY AND
ENCOURAGES ATTENTION TO DETAIL & QUALITY
OF WORK

THIS PAPER CONSIDERS THE ENGINEERING

CAREER AND MEANING OF
PROFESSIONALISM FOR ENGINEERS.
IT DISCUSSES VARIOUS ASPECTS OF
ENGINEERING ETHICS ESPECIALLY
CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN ENGINEERING
PROJECTS.
THE CODE OF ETHICS DEVELOPED BY THE
WORLD FEDERATION OF ENGINEERING
ORGANIZATION IS PRESENTED AS INITIAL
CONCEPTS ON ENGINEERING ETHICS.

A MODEL FOR DEVELOPING MATERIAL FOR

ENGINEERING ETHICS IS ALSO DISCUSSED.
SOME LOCAL REPORTS ON ENGINEERING
FAILURES FROM THE ETHICS COMMITTEE OF
THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS ARE
USED TO SUGGEST THE WAY FORWARD FOR
ENGINEERING ETHICS IN NIGERIA.

TODAY ENGINEERS CAN LEVEL MOUNTAINS TO

THE GROUND & TURN RIVERS FROM THEIR
COURSES.
THE SKIES AND THE OCEANS ARE AVENUES FOR
THE INNUMERABLE ACTIVITIES OF ENGINEERS.
VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF TRANSPORTATION
AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS HAVE TURNED
THE WORLD INTO A GLOBAL VILLAGE.
ELECTRIC ENERGY HAS CATALYZED
CIVILIZATIONS AND MODERN LIVING IN ALL
THEIR RAMIFICATIONS

NO MATTER THE AREA OF HUMAN

CHALLENGE, THE ENGINEERS ARE THE
AGENTS OF CHANGE THROUGH WELL
THOUGHT OUT ENGINEERING PROJECTS.
NIGERIAN ENGINEERS HAVE CAREER
OPPORTUNITIES IN PUBLIC UTILITIES OR
THE ORGANIZED PRIVATE SECTORS.
THE PUBLIC UTILITIES WOULD COVER
GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHMENTS THAT
OPERATE ENGINEERING SYSTEMS FOR
PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES TO THE
POPULACE.

ESTABLISHMENTS AND PARASTATALS LIKE THE

NNPC, DISCOS & GENCOS, NITEL, FEDERAL
HOUSING AUTHORITY, AND PORTS AUTHORITY
ARE SUPERVISED BY THE APPROPRIATE
ENGINEERS.

ENGINEERS DEVELOP THEIR CAREERS IN THESE

INDUSTRIES AND ESTABLISHMENTS.
THESE INCLUDE WATER SUPPLY AND ELECTRICITY
SUPPLY SYSTEMS, THE FEDERAL MINISTRIES
THAT SUPERVISE ENGINEERING SYSTEMS.

CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION INCLUDE

THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF WORKS AND
HOUSING, MINISTRY OF MINES AND STEEL,
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, MINISTRY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, MINISTRY
OF TRANSPORT, MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM
RESOURCES AND THE DEPARTMENT OF
PETROLEUM RESOURCES.

THEY OFTEN IMPROVISE FOR SPARE PARTS,

EMPLOY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
AND SAVE COSTS.
THESE ARE LOCAL CHALLENGES AND HAVE
TO BE ACHIEVED WITHIN THE LIMITS
IMPOSED BY THE ETHICS OF THE
PROFESSION.

IT IS GENERALLY AGREED THAT THERE ARE A

NUMBER OF CHARACTERISTICS WHICH
DISTINGUISH A PROFESSION FROM OTHER
LESS FORMALLY CONSTITUTED TRADES AND
OCCUPATIONS.
THE PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINE HAS A
COMMAND OF A SPECIALIZED BODY OF
KNOWLEDGE NECESSARY FOR PLANNING,
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
OF PHYSICAL STRUCTURES OR
ENGINES/MACHINES.

THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE IS

TRANSMITTED THROUGH RECOGNIZED
TRAINING AND REGULARLY UPDATED ON
BEHALF OF THE PROFESSIONAL BODY TO
ENSURE CERTIFIED STANDARDS OF
PROFICIENCY.
A CODE OF ETHICS AND STANDARDS
GOVERN THE PRACTICE OF THE PROFESSION
AND ENSURE THE SATISFACTION AND
SAFETY OF THE CLIENT IN PARTICULAR AND
THE SOCIETY IN GENERAL.

A MONOPOLY IS USUALLY GRANTED TO A

PROFESSIONAL BODY BY SOCIETY THROUGH
LAWS TO ENSURE THAT ONLY REGISTERED
MEMBERS CAN ENGAGE IN THE PRACTICE OF
THE PROFESSION.
THE MEMBERS ARE COMMITTED TO CONSTANT
EDUCATIONAL RENEWAL THROUGH A LIFELONG
LEARNING OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY AND
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
THE PROFESSIONAL BODY IS LEGALLY TO
REGULATE ITSELF, DISCIPLINE ITS MEMBERS
AND CONTROL THE PRACTICE OF THE
PROFESSION.

VINCE LOMBARDI STATES THAT THE

QUALITY OF PERSONS LIFE IS DIRECTLY
PROPORTIONAL TO THE PERSONS
COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE REGARDLESS
OF THE PERSONS CHOSEN FIELD OF
ENDEAVOUR.
PROFESSIONALISM IS THEREFORE ABOUT
COMMITMENT TO STANDARDS OF
EXCELLENCE TO THE PERFORMANCE OF
TASKS, WHICH REQUIRE SPECIALIZED SKILLS
AND EXPERTISE.

A PROFESSIONAL IS THUS SOMEONE

WHOSE BASIC SATISFACTION IS IN
PERFORMING WELL TASKS FOR WHICH HE
HAS BEEN TRAINED AND ALWAYS STRIVING
TO ACHIEVE THE BEST STANDARD POSSIBLE
IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCE.
TO BE A PROFESSIONAL IS THUS TO FLAUNT
THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE SKILLS ONE
PROFESSES TO COMMAND.

ENGNRS SHOULD BE CAREFUL IN GETTING

INVOLVED IN TAKING DECISIONS WHICH
MAY BE SEEN AS BIASED OR HAVING
CONFLICTING INTEREST OR CONFLICT OF
INTEREST.
AN ENGINEER HAS RESPONSIBILITY TO
WRITE SPECIFICATIONS FOR A WATER
PROJECT BUT OWNS THE COMPANY THAT
MANUFACTURES AND SELLS THE SYSTEMS.
THIS CONSTITUTES CONFLICT OF INTEREST.

AN ENGINEER WORKS FOR A LOCAL GOVERNMENT

AGENCY AND IN TANDEM WORKS FOR A
CONSULTING COMPANY THAT DEALS WITH THE
AGENCY. THERE MAY BE CONFLICTING INTEREST.

ENGINEERING DECISIONS THAT ARE TO THE

ADVANTAGE OF THE ENGINEERS TAKING THE
DECISION CONSTITUTES CONFLICTING INTEREST.

A COMPANY PAYS FOR ENGINEERS TO ATTEND A

SEMINAR ON THE USE OF ITS PRODUCTS. THIS MAY
BE COMPARED TO PERKS AND GIFTS GIVEN TO

AN ENGINEERS INTEREST MAY BE AT

CONFLICT WITH THOSE OF HIS CLIENTS.
A CLIENT BELIEVES AN ENGINEERS DESIGN
IS TOO COSTLY BUT THE ENGINEER FEARS
THAT ANYTHING LESS MAY ENDANGER
PUBLIC SAFETY
AN ENGINEER OWNS BOTH A
CONTRACTING FIRM AND A CONSULTING
FIRM AND SEEKS TO PROMOTE BOTH
SERVICES FOR A CLIENT ON A PROJECT.

THE WORLD FEDERATION OF ENGINEERING

ORGANIZATIONS (WFEO) COMMITTEE ON
ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENT
RECOMMENDS THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES TO
ALL PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS:
THE WFEO PROVIDES A CODE OF ETHICS FOR
CONDUCT OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS IN AN
HONORABLE MANNER SO AS TO UPHOLD THE
VALUES OF TRUTH, HONESTY, TRUSTWORTHINESS AND TO SAFEGUARD HUMAN LIFE
AS WELL AS THE ENVIRONMENT. TO ACHIEVE
THESE TENETS PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
SHALL:

SOME PROFESSIONAL BODIES SUCH AS THE

IEEE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING SOCIETY
PRESENT A FORMAT THAT APPEARS TO
ENCAPSULATE THE PRINCIPLES OF
ENGINEERING PRACTICE AND DETAILS OF
THE ENGINEERS OBLIGATIONS IN
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE.

A CODE OF PRACTICE SHOULD HELP TO

DEFINE THOSE ACTIONS THAT ARE
ETHICALLY IMPROPER FOR ENGINEERS TO
BE INVOLVED IN.
THE CODE IS NOT SIMPLY FOR
ADJUDICATING THE NATURE OF
QUESTIONABLE ACTS.
IT IS A MEANS TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC
AND YOUNG PROFESSIONALS ABOUT THE
ETHICAL OBLIGATIONS OF ENGINEERS

ENGINEERS SHALL COMMIT THEMSELVES TO

MAKING THE ANALYSIS, DESIGN,
SPECIFICATION, DEVELOPMENT, TESTING
AND MAINTENANCE OF ENGINEERING
SYSTEMS BENEFICIAL SO AS TO EARN
RESPECT FOR THE PROFESSION.
THEY SHOULD BE COMMITTED TO THE
HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE OF THE
PUBLIC BY ADHERING TO THE FOLLOWING
PRINCIPLES:

PUBLIC:-ENGINEERS SHALL ACT CONSISTENTLY

IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST
CLIENT AND EMPLOYER:- ENGINEERS SHOULD
ALWAYS ACT IN A MANNER THAT IS IN THE BEST
INTEREST OF THEIR CLIENT AND EMPLOYER AND
CONSISTENT WITH PUBLIC INTEREST.
PRODUCT:- ENGINEERS SHOULD ENSURE THAT
THEIR PRODUCTS,(OUTPUT, DESIGN, BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION ETC) MEET THE HIGHEST
PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS POSSIBLE.

JUDGEMENT:- ENGINEERS SHOULD MAINTAIN

THE INTEGRITY OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL
JUDGMENT.
MANAGEMENT:- ENGINEERS IN LEADERSHIP OR
MANAGEMENT POSITIONS SHALL SUBSCRIBE
TO AND PROMOTE AN ETHICAL APPROACH TO
ALL ASPECTS OF ENGRING PRACTICE.
PROFESSION:- ENGINEERS SHALL ADVANCE THE
INTEGRITY AND REPUTATION OF THE
PROFESSION CONSISTENT WITH THE PUBLIC
INTEREST.

COLLEAGUE:- ENGINEERS SHOULD BE FAIR

TO AND SUPPORTIVE OF THEIR
COLLEAGUES.
SELF:- ENGINEERS SHALL BE COMMITTED TO
LIFELONG LEARNING AND PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT AND SHALL PROMOTE AN
ETHICAL APPROACH TO PROFESSIONAL
PRACTICE.

EACH OF THE ABOVE PRINCIPLES AND

AREAS OF INTEREST FOR A PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEER ARE BROKEN DOWN TO ENSURE
CLARITY OF THE ENGINEERS ETHICAL
OBLIGATIONS.
THE ABOVE EIGHT PRINCIPLES ARE BROKEN
DOWN FURTHER INTO EXPLANATORY
NOTES.

ENGINEERS SHALL ACT CONSISTENTLY IN

THE PUBLIC INTEREST BY
ACCEPTING FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR
OWN WORK
ACTING AS MODERATORS OF THE INTEREST
OF THE PUBLIC GOOD
ACCEPTING DESIGNS AND PROPOSALS ONLY
IF THEY ARE SAFE, MEET SPECIFICATIONS
AND DO NOT DIMINISH QUALITY OF LIFE OR
HARM THE ENVIRONMENT.

DISCLOSING TO APPROPRIATE BODIES ANY

POTENTIAL DANGER TO THE USER, PUBLIC
OR THE ENVIRONMENT THAT MAY BE
ASSOCIATED WITH A PROPOSAL OR DESIGN.
COOPERATING IN EFFORTS TO ADDRESS
SUCH MATTERS OF GRAVE PUBLIC CONCERN
THAT MAY ARISE FROM HIS ENGINEERING
PROPOSAL OR DESIGN.
AVOIDING DECEPTION IN THE PUBLIC
STATEMENTS CONCERNING HIS PROPOSAL,
METHODS AND TOOLS.
VOLUNTEERING PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND
CONTRIBUTING TO PUBLIC EDUCATION.

ENGINEERS SHOULD ALWAYS ACT IN A MANNER

THAT IS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THEIR
EMPLOYERS AND CLIENTS, CONSISTENT WITH
PUBLIC INTEREST. THEY SHOULD:
PROVIDE SERVICE ONLY IN THEIR AREA OF
COMPETENCE AND BE HONEST IN ANY
LIMITATIONS OF THEIR EXPERIENCE AND
EDUCATION.
NOT KNOWINGLY USE DESIGNS THAT ARE
OBTAINED ILLEGALLY OR UNETHICALLY.

USE THE PROPERTY OF HIS CLIENT OR

EMPLOYER IN AUTHORIZED MANNER OR
WITH THEIR CONSENT
MAINTAIN CONFIDENTIALITY OF ANY
INFORMATION GAINED IN THE
PROFESSIONAL WORK WHERE SUCH IS IN
THE PUBLIC INTEREST AND CONSISTENT
WITH THE LAW

REPORT TO CLIENT OR EMPLOYER

PROMPTLY, IF A PROJECT IS LIKELY TO FAIL,
PROVE TOO EXPENSIVE, VIOLATE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW OR
OTHERWISE BE PROBLEMATIC.
ACCEPT NO OUTSIDE WORK DETRIMENTAL
TO THE WORK BEING PERFORMED FOR THE
PRIMARY EMPLOYER
INFORM CLIENT OR EMPLOYER OR
APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY WHEN A HIGHER
ETHICAL CONCERN IS BEING
COMPROMISED.

ENGRS SHALL ENSURE:

THEIR FINAL OUTPUT MEET THE HIGHEST
PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS POSSIBLE
THEY ACHIEVE HIGH QUALITY &
ACCEPTABLE COST IRRESPECTIVE OF TRADEOFFS. SUCH TRADE-OFFS SHOULD BE CLEAR
TO AND ACCEPTED BY CLIENT& EMPLOYER.
THEY IDENTIFY & ADDRESS ETHICAL,
ECONOMICAL, LEGAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES RELATED TO THE PROJECTS.

THEY HAVE THE REQUISITE QUALIFICATIONS BY

APPROPRIATE COMBINATION OF EDUCATION,
TRAINING & EXPERIENCE FOR THE PROJECT THEY
ACCEPT TO EXECUTE.
ENSURE THAT THEIR OUTPUT MEET THE HIGHEST
PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS & NOT DEPART
FROM SUCH STANDARDS UNLESS WHEN
ETHICALLY OR TECHNICALLY JUSTIFIED.
UNDERSTAND CLEARLY SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE
PROJECTS THEY UNDERTAKE

ENSURE REALISTIC ESTIMATES OF COSTS,

SCHEDULING, QUALITY AND OUTCOMES ON
ANY PROJECT ANY PROJECT UNCERTAINTY
ASSESSMENT OF THESE ESTIMATES
ENGINEERS SHOULD ENSURE ADEQUATE
DOCUMENTATION, INCLUDING PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTIONS ADOPTED
FOR ANY PROJECT EXECUTED

ENGINEERING PROJECTS MANAGERS AND

LEADERS SHOULD ENSURE AND PROMOTE
ETHICAL APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT AND
EXECUTION OF ENGINEERING PROJECTS
AND SHALL AS APPROPRIATE.
ENSURE GOOD MANAGEMENT AND
EFFECTIVE PROCEDURES FOR PROMOTION
OF QUALITY AND STANDARDS AND
REDUCTION OF ASSOCIATED RISK.
ENSURE THAT INFORMATION ON STANDARD
ARE AVAILABLE TO ENGINEERS ON A
PROJECT

ASSIGN RESPONSIBILITY TO ENGINEERS AFTER

CONSIDERING ADEQUACY OF APPROPRIATE
EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE TEMPERED WITH
POTENTIALS FOR FURTHER EDUCATION AND
EXPERIENCE.
ENSURE REALISTIC QUANTITIES, BILLS OF
SCHEDULING AND OUTCOMES ON THE PROJECT
AND PROVIDE AN UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT
OF THE ESTIMATES
PROVIDE FULL AND ACCURATE CONDITIONS OF
SERVICE TO PROSPECTIVE ENGINEERS FOR
EMPLOYMENT ON THE PROJECT.

OFFER FAIR AND JUST REMUNERATION TO

EMPLOYEES ON THE PROJECT
PROVIDE FOR DUE PROCESS IN HEARING
CHARGES OF VIOLATION OF AN
EMPLOYERS POLICY OR OF THIS CODE
AVOID PUNISHING ANY ENGINEERS FOR
EXPRESSING ETHICAL CONCERNS ON A
PROJECT.

ENGINEERS SHOULD WORK TO ADVANCE

THE INTEGRITY AND REPUTATION OF THE
PROFESSION CONSISTENT WITH THE PUBLIC
INTEREST. THEY SHOULD AS APPROPRIATE
PROMOTE PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE
PROFESSION AND AN ENVIRONMENT THAT
ENCOURAGES ETHICAL PRACTICE OF
ENGINEERING.

ENGINEERS SHALL MAINTAIN INTEGRITY AND

INTERDEPENDENCE IN THEIR PROFESSIONAL
JUDGMENT. THEY SHOULD AS APPROPRIATE
ONLY ENDORSE DOCUMENTS PREPARED UNDER
THEIR SUPERVISION OR WITHIN THEIR AREA OF
COMPETENCE AND WITH WHICH THEY ARE IN
AGREEMENT
MAINTAIN PROFESSIONAL OBJECTIVITY WITH
ENGINEERING DOCUMENTS THEY ARE ASKED
TO EVALUATE.
REFUSE TO ENGAGE IN CORRUPT PRACTICES
SUCH AS BRIBERY DOUBLE OR INFLATED
BILLING OR OTHER IMPROPER FINANCIAL
PRACTICES

REFUSE TO ENGAGE IN CORRUPT PRACTICES

SUCH AS BRIBERY DOUBLE OR INFLATED
BILLING OR OTHER IMPROPER FINANCIAL
PRACTICES
DISCLOSE TO ALL PARTIES CONCERNED
THOSE CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS THAT
CANNOT BE AVOIDED IN THE PROJECT
RECOGNIZE THAT VIOLATION OF THE CODE
PRACTICE IS INCONSISTENT WITH BEING IS
A REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER

REFUSE TO PARTICIPATE IN ANY PROJECTS IN

WHICH THEY, THEIR EMPLOYERS OR CLIENTS
HAVE UNDISCLOSED CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS.
EXPRESS CONCERN TO PEOPLE INVOLVED WHEN
SIGNIFICANT VIOLATIONS OF THE CODE ARE
DETECTED UNLESS DOING THAT IS COUNTER
PRODUCTIVE AND DANGEROUS.
REPORT VIOLATIONS OF THE CODE TO
APPROPRIATE AUTHORITIES WHERE THIS IS
CONSIDERED THE BEST OPTION.

ENGINEERING ETHICS IS BEGINNING TO

TAKE ITS PLACE ALONGSIDE OTHER WELL
ESTABLISHMENT PROFESSIONAL GROUPS
SUCH AS MEDICAL, NURSING, BUSINESS
AND LEGAL ETHICS. THESE PROFESSIONS
HAVE WEBSITES ON THE CONDUCT /
MISCONDUCT OF THEIR MEMBERS.
MOST ESTABLISHMENT HAVE UNWRITTEN
CODES OF CONDUCT FOR THEIR STAFF
WHILST OTHERS SPELL OUT WHAT SHOULD
BE REGARDED AS MISCONDUCT

THE UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS SENIOR STAFF

CONDITIONS OF SERVICE DEFINES MISCONDUCT
AS GENERAL MISCONDUCT TO THE PREJUDICE OF
THE GOOD NAME OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND /
OR OF DISCIPLINE AND THE PROPER
ADMINISTRATION OF DRUNKENNESS IN THE
COURSES OF DUTY, AND FALSE CLAIM AGAINST
THE UNIVERSITY, INSUBORDINATION, DIVIDED
LOYALTY (CONFLICT OF INTEREST) NEGLIGENCE,
FALSIFICATION AND SUPPRESSION OF RECORDS
(FACTS, PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION) AND
CONVICTION FOR A CRIMINAL OFFENCE OTHER
THAN TRAFFIC OFFENCE, ABSENCE FROM DUTY.

IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT

ENGINEERS, IN THE FULFILLMENT OF THEIR
PROFESSIONAL DUTIES, SHALL HOLD
PARAMOUNT THE SAFETY, HEALTH, AND
WELFARE OF THE PUBLIC
A PRACTITIONER SHALL, REGARD THE
PRACTITIONER'S DUTY TO PUBLIC WELFARE
AS PARAMOUNT." [14]
CODES OF ENGINEERING ETHICS IDENTIFY A
SPECIFIC PRECEDENCE WITH RESPECT TO
THE ENGINEER'S CONSIDERATION FOR THE
PUBLIC, CLIENTS, EMPLOYERS, AND THE

MANY ENGINEERNG PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

HAVE PREPARED CODES OF ETHICS. SOME GO
BACK TO THE EARLY DECADES OF THE 20TH
CENTURY. THESE HAVE BEEN INCORPORATED TO
A GREATER OR LESSER DEGREE INTO THE
REGULATORY LAWS OF SEVERAL JURISDICTIONS.
WHILE THESE STATEMENTS OF GENERAL
PRINCIPLES SERVED AS A GUIDE, ENGNRS STILL
REQUIRE SOUND JUDGMENT TO INTERPRET HOW
THE CODE WOULD APPLY TO SPECIFIC
CIRCUMSTANCES.

THANK YOU
FOR

LISTENING