TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN S PHM K THUT

_ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _

N TT NGHIP

TI: NG DNG PHM MM ADOBE FLASH PROFESSIONAL

M PHNG CC THUT TON SP XP

Gio vin hng dn: T.S NGUYN TIN LONG

Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN HI NG

MSSV: 2009

NGUYN HONG QUN MSSV: 20092120

Lp: SPKT -CNTT- K54

H Ni, 12/ 2013

M
NHIM V N TT NGHIP .................................................................. 4
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN ............................................... 5
NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN .................................................. 6
DANH MC HNH V....................Li! Th nh du khng x nh.
CC T VIT TT ............................................................................................. 7
LI CM N .................................................................................................... 10
CHNG 1 : M U ................................................................................... 11
1.1. Gii thiu : .............................................................................................. 11
1.2. L do chn ti : .................................................................................. 12
1.3. Mc tiu nghin cu : ............................................................................. 13
1.4. Phng php nghin cu : ...................................................................... 13
1.5. i tng nghin cu :........................................................................... 13
1.6. D kin kt qu nghin cu : ................................................................. 14
1.7. Kt cu n : ........................................................................................ 14
CHNG 2: C S L LUN THC TIN CA TI .......................... 15
2.1. C s l lun: ......................................................................................... 15
2.1.1. Phng php m phng : ................................................................. 15
2.1.2. Phng tin trc quan trong dy hc : ............................................. 20
2.1.3. Phng tin trc quan m phng :................................................... 25
2.2. C s thc tin: ...................................................................................... 26
2.2.1. Thc trng dy v hc CNTT cc trng i hc , cao ng hin
nay: 26
2.2.2. Thc trng dy v hc Mn Cu trc d liu v gii thut: ............ 26
2.2.3. Thc trng v s dng cc phn mm ng dng, trong c phn
mm Adobe Flash thit k chng trnh m phng: ............................... 27
CHNG 3: C S L LUN THC TIN CA TI .......................... 29
3.1. Gii thiu phn mm Adobe Flash v ngn ng lp trnh ActionScript
3.0: 29
1

3.2. Tnh u vit ca phn mm Adobe Flash : ............................................ 30

3.3. Hng dn s dng phn mm Adobe Flash : ....................................... 33
a) Khi ng phn mm : ........................................................................... 33
b) To mi mt d n : ............................................................................... 34
c) Layer, Frame, Scene v Movie: ............................................................. 34
d) Vng thanh cng c Tools v vng thuc tnh Properties: .................... 36
e) Vng son tho, lp trnh ActionScript : ................................................ 37
f) Cc biu tng trong Flash : ................................................................. 38
g) To hot cnh : ....................................................................................... 39
CHNG 4: NG DNG PHN MM ADOBE FLASH THIT K M
PHNG BN THUT TON SP XP TRONG DY HC MN
CTDL&GT .......................................................................................................... 41
4.1. Gii thiu phn mm Adobe Flash v ngn ng lp trnh ActionScript
3.0: 41
4.1.1. Mc ch v i tng ca chng trnh: ........................................ 41
4.1.2. Trin khai ng dng: ........................................................................ 41
4.1.3. Xy dng kch bn: .......................................................................... 43
4.1.4. Gii thiu bn thut ton sp xp: ................................................... 45
4.1.5. Th hin kch bn: ............................................................................ 54
4.2. Giao din chng trnh:.......................................................................... 62
Giao din gm 6 nt: Gii thiu, Bi hc, M phng, Bi tp, Lin h, Tr
gip. ................................................................................................................. 62
a) Gii thiu : .............................................................................................. 62
b) Phn bi hc : ......................................................................................... 63
c) Phn m phng : ..................................................................................... 64
d) Phn bi tp : .......................................................................................... 66
e) Phn lin h : .......................................................................................... 67
f) Phn tr gip : ........................................................................................ 68
CHNG 5: KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN CA TI ............ 69
5.1. Kt qu m chng trnh t c : ....................................................... 69
2

5.2. Hng pht trin ca chng trnh : ...................................................... 69

TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................. 70

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC BCH
KHOA H NI
------------------------------

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA
VIT NAM
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
-------------------------------------------------

NHIM V N TT NGHIP
H v tn sinh vin: Nguyn Hi ng

S hiu sinh vin: 20090073

Nguyn Hong Qun

Kho: 54

Vin: S phm k thut

2009
Ngnh: SPKT CNTT

1. u n: Xy dng kho d liu k thut ng dng trong nghin cu

khoa hc v dy hc ti trng SPKT, o To ngh.
2. Cc s liu v d liu ban u:..
3. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton:..
4. Cc bn v, th:(ghi r cc loi v kch thc bn v).
Th vin hnh nh (tnh, ng)
5. H v tn gio vin hng dn:..
6. Ngy giao nhim v n: .
7. Ngy hon thnh n:..
Ngy thng nm 2013
Ch nhim B mn

Ging vin hng dn

Sinh vin hon thnh v np n tt nghip, ngy . thng . nm.

Cn b phn bin

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

---o0o--

....................

....................

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN

BIN
---o0o--

....................

....................

DANH MC HNH V
H nh 1 : Khi ng phn mm Adobe Flash Professional ................................. 33
H nh 2 : Vng cng c Tools .............................................................................. 36
H nh 3 : Vng thuc tnh Properties ................................................................... 37
H nh

: Vng son tho ActionScript ............................................................... 37

H nh : To mi mt biu tng........................................................................ 38
H nh : Khung TimeLine ................................................................................... 39
H nh : Hnh nh dy sp xp tng dn ............................................................ 45
H nh : Lu gii thut sp xp la chn ...................................................... 47
H nh : Lu gii thut sp xp ni bt ......................................................... 49
H nh 10 : Lu gii thut sp xp chn........................................................... 51
H nh 11 : Cng c v Oval Tool ......................................................................... 54
H nh 12 : V hnh trn bng cng c Oval Tool ................................................ 55
H nh 13 : To mt Layer Motion Guide ............................................................. 55
H nh 1 : V ng chuyn ng cho qu bng ................................................ 56
H nh 1 : To chuyn ng cho qu bng. ......................................................... 57
H nh 1 : Kt qu sau khi xy dng bng k thut Adding a Motion Guide ..... 58
H nh 1 : To ra mt i tng l menu ............................................................ 61
H nh 1 : To ra mt th hin ca i tng menu l main_menu .................... 61
H nh 1 : Giao din chng tr nh ...................................................................... 62
H nh 20 : Giao din gii thiu ............................................................................ 62
H nh 21 : Sile gii thut sp xp la chn ......................................................... 63
H nh 22 : Video m phng sp xp ni bt......................................................... 64
H nh 23 : Giao din m phng 4 gii thut ........................................................ 65
H nh 2 : M phng thut ton sp xp chn ..................................................... 65
H nh 2 : Bi tp c bn ..................................................................................... 66
H nh 2 : Bi tp nng cao ................................................................................. 67
H nh 2 : Lin h ................................................................................................ 67
7

H nh 2 : Tr gip .............................................................................................. 68

CC T VIT TT
CNTT

: Cng ngh thng tin

H-C

: i hc Cao ng

PTDH

: Phng tin dy hc

CTDL&GT : Cu trc d liu v gii thut

LI CM N

Trong qu trnh thc hin n em nhn c rt nhiu s gip t cc

thy c trong Vin S Phm K Thut cng nh l bn b, c bit l s hng
dn, quan tm tn tnh ca thy gio - T.s Nguyn Tin Long ngi ph trch
hng dn em thc hin n ny.
Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n thy gio - T.s Nguyn Tin Long,
cng cc thy c v bn b trong Vin S Phm K Thut gip v ng
vin em trong sut qu trnh thc hin n ny. ng thi em cng xin gi li
cm n n n cc thy c v BGH trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni
lun gip , quan tm v to iu kin tt nht cho chng em trong sut qu
trnh hc tp ti trng. Cui cng em xin gi li cm n ti gia nh lun
bn cnh em trong thi gian qua.
Xin chn thnh cm n

10

CHNG 1 : M U
1.1.

Gii thiu :

Trong nhiu nm tr li y, s bng n ca CNTT ni ring v khoa hc

cng ngh ni chung , ang tc ng mnh m vo s pht trin ca tt c cc
ngnh trong i sng x hi. ng thi nc ta ang trong qu trnh cng
nghip ha, hin i ha t nc vi nn kinh t th trng nh hng x hi
ch ngha v hi nhp quc t. p ng yu cu ca thi k mi th i hi
cn phi c ngun nhn lc, lao ng cht lng cao. Trong , cht lng gio
dc ng vai tr quyt nh hng u. Tuy nhin nhng tn ti trong dy v hc
hin nay t ra yu cu cp thit i mi cn bn, ton din gio dc v o
to. Trong h thng gio dc th gio dc i hc cao ng ng mt vai tr
quan trng trong vic o to ra i ng tri thc cao, c nng lc. V i mi
gio dc th i mi phng php hc tp, phng tin dy hc l mt phn
khng th thiu.
Ngnh CNTT l mt ngnh c bit, nh hng rt ln n nhng ngnh
ngh khc, n c ng gp quan trng vo s pht trin ca t nc. Tuy
nhin , vic dy v hc CNTT cp i hc- cao ng hin nay vn cn nhng
bt cp, hn ch nht nh khi cht lng cha p ng nhu cu. Mt phn do
sinh vin khng hiu hoc theo kp chng trnh, kin thc mang tnh nng n,
kh khan kh hnh dung, t sinh ng. Mt khc qu trnh dy v hc cn b
ng, t c s tng tc, t c gio vin p dng trong cc bi dy mc d
khc nhiu chng trnh, phn mm b tr c pht trin kh nhiu.
CNTT mang li nhiu tin ch c bit trong cng vic ging dy, thay
i mt phn phng php dy v hc truyn thng. Vic p dng multimedia
trong dy hc c ch trng. Phng php m phng l mt phng php nh
vy, n c th to ra nhng on phim, minh ha, hay cc bi tp c s dng
nh l cc phng tin dy hc trc quan. M phng to ra nhng chng trnh,

11

trc quan, thc t vi bi hc, gip khi dy hng th hc tp ca sinh vin.

Mt cch hu hiu to m phng l thng qua cc Flash. Flash l mt khi
nim tng i rng c th hiu l mt cng ngh hoc cng c th l mt cng
c.
Trn th gii Flash rt pht trin vi nhiu cng ng pht trin ng dng
rng ri, c rt nhiu ng dng ca Flash nh game, qung co, animation hay
pht trin website,.
nc ta cng vi s bng n ca cc cng ngh, Flash cng c bc pht
trin mnh m. Trong gio dc, vic ng dng Flash vo ging dy kh pht
trin c bit l bc ph thng khi cc thy c c nhng sn phm cht
lng, gip cho bi hc, gi hc t hiu qu cao.
1.2.

L do chn ti :

Cu trc d liu v gii thut c xem l mn hc mang tnh tru tng

dnh cho sinh vin chuyn ngnh CNTT bc i hc. Tnh tru tng ca cc
gii thut lm cho gio vin v sinh vin gp rt nhiu kh khn trong vic
truyn t v lnh hi kin thc, v khng hiu c gii thut nn sinh vin
khng th hnh dung c chng trnh s chy nh th no vi gii thut
chn. Trong khi cc phng tin dy hc thng thng cha tr gip cho
sinh vin trong vic tng tng v hiu c gii thut, th cng ngh thng
tin l mt phng tin tr gip c lc cho gio vin v sinh vin trong vic m
phng li cc gii thut.
Hin nay c rt nhiu phn mm c th lm c iu , song Adobe Flash
Professional l mt phn mn ni tri rt ph hp cho vic m phng cc gii
thut. T tt c cc yu t trn chng em chn ti: ng d ng phn mm
Adobe Flash m phng cc thut ton sp xp, thit k chng trnh m
phng trong dy hc chng Cc thut ton sp xp c bn mn CTDL&GT.

12

1.3.

M c tiu nghin cu :

cung cp cho gio vin kin thc, gii php k thut s dng phn mm
chuyn dng Adobe Flash to nn nhng bi ging c cht lng, p ng
c yu cu i mi phng php dy hc trong chng trnh o to mi. C
th n nghin cu m phng cc gii thut sp xp bng phn mm Adobe
Flash (ngn ng lp trnh Action script 3.0) nhm tng tnh trc quan, gip
ngi hc nhanh chng hiu c cc thut ton sp xp qua nng cao cht
lng dy hc mn cu trc d liu v gii thut.
M phng 4 thut ton sp xp :
Sp xp la chn(Selection Sort)
Sp xp ni bt(Bubble Sort)
Sp xp chn(Insertion Sort)
Sp xp nhanh(Quick Sort)
1.4.

Phng php nghin u :

a) Phng php nghin cu l thuyt

Tm hiu chng trnh mn in t s, tm hiu ni dung tit hc:
Cc gii thut sp xp.
Tm hiu phn mm Adobe Flash Professional ng dng thit k m
phng trong dy hc.
b) Phng php nghin cu thc tin
Phng php quan st.
Phng php tng kt kinh nghim.
1.5.

i tng nghin cu :

Gio vin ging dy mn Cu trc d liu v gii thut l i tng tham

kho v ng dng m phng trong dy hc.

13

Sinh vin chuyn ngnh cng ngh thng tin cc trng i hc, cao ng,
trung cp chuyn nghip l i tng tip thu, lnh hi.
Phm vi nghin cu l cc trng i hc, cao ng, trung cp chuyn
nghip c ging dy mn Cu trc d liu v gii thut.
1.6.

D kin kt qu nghin cu :

n s h thng ha c s l lun v phng php m phng v ng dng

phn mm Adobe Flash thit k cc chng trnh m phng.
Chng trnh m phng bc u s to ra mt hng thit k mi hiu qu,
s nng cao cht lng dy - hc CNTT bc H-C
n hng ti xy dng c bn chng trnh m phng cc thut ton sp
xp c bn bng phn mm Adobe Flash Profestional. c bit l n c th
chy trn c hai mi trng ng dng v web. Hin nay xu hng p dng cc
phng tin dy hc hin i trong dy cng vi l cc m hnh hc tp trc
tuyn ngy cng pht trin th vi nhng chng trnh m phng s tng kh
nng tng tc ca ngi hc vi ngi dy, tng tnh ch ng trong hc tp
ca sinh vin, p ng cc vn s phm.
1.7.

Kt cu n :

Chng I : M u :
Chng II : C s l lun thc tin ca ti
Chng III : Phn mm Flash v ng dng phn mm Flash thit k chng
trnh m phng
Chng IV : ng dng phn mm Adobe Flash thit k m phng cc thut
ton sp xp trong dy hc cng ngh thng tin.
Chng V: Kt lun v hng pht trin ti.

14

CHNG 2: C S L LUN THC TIN CA TI

2.1.

C s l lun:

2.1.1.

Phng php m phng :

a) Khi nim:
Vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca khoa hc cng ngh nh hin nay, cng
vi nhng yu cu mi trong lnh vc Gio dc - o to th my tnh c s
dng nh mt cng c khng th thiu trong vic tr gip gio vin cng nh
ngi hc thc hin cc cng vic trong qu trnh dy-hc nh: x l, lu tr,
cung cp d liu; thng tin lin lc; minh ha trnh by thng tin; m hnh ha,
m phng; xy dng, t chc, tin hnh cc iu kin cn thit cho cc hnh
thc dy v hc khc nhau (Online, face to face, eLearning..).
C s ca phng php m phng l thng qua nhng thao tc mang tnh
cht th nghim trn m hnh (thc hin m phng) ngi hc s thu nhn c
nhng hiu bit, kin thc v i tng c m hnh ha v kh nng tc ng
n i tng .
M phng (simulation)
M phng (theo ngha thut ng) l thc nghim quan st c v iu
khin c trn m hnh ca i tng kho st. Cn theo t in Ting Vit
m phng c ngha l bt trc lm theo mt ci mu no .
Phng php M phng c s dng khi khng cn hoc khng nn thc
nghim trn i tng thc.Ta c th thc hin vic m phng t nhng
phng tin n gin nh giy, bt n cc nguyn vt liu ti to li nguyn
mu (m hnh bng g, gch,st) hay hin i hn l dng my tnh in t
(MPMT).

15

M phng trn my tnh l xu hng dy hc mi, hin i , ang v s

c nghin cu v p dng rng ri trn nhiu lnh vc. xy dng m
phng trn my tnh, c nhiu phn mm rt hiu qu. Phn mm Flash l mt
trong nhng phn mm lm m phng sm nht. Flash ch cn dng mt bng
thng hp to nn mt i tng c th chuyn ng t nhiu im, theo
nhiu hng khc nhau cng mt lc. Ngoi ra, Java cng l mt trong nhng
phn mm m phng thng dng v hiu qu hin nay.
M phng, c bit l m phng trn my tnh to iu kin thun li cho
ngi hc, ngi nghin cu v cc mt:
Nhn thc (trc quan ha, d tip cn v o lng, lp li c nhiu ln,
th nghim tng sng to v tin on...).
Cng ngh ( thit b, phng php, k nng: kh thi, hiu qu v mt thi
gian, kinh t..).
Ngy nay phng php m phng trn my tnh ngy cng c s dng
rng ri vi nhiu chng trnh m phng khc nhau, thch hp cho tng ngnh
k thut nht nh, v d: trong ngnh in- in t c cc chng trnh:
MultiSim, Circuit Maker....,trong ngnh C kh c chng trnh Solid
Work...
Hnh thc dy-hc c s dng m phng my tnh l mt trong nhng hnh
thc dy-hc c hiu qu cao v nhiu mt nh: tng cng tnh trc quan sinh
ng trong gi hc, gy hng th hc tp v nghin cu, pht huy t duy sng
to ca ngi hc.
b) u im im ca phng php m phng :
* Vi ngi hc :
M phng cung cp cho ngi hc nhng kinh nghim c th v i tng
hc tp theo kiu tri nghim gin tip. Vi kh nng iu khin ng thi tt
16

c cc thnh phn nh hnh nh, m thanh, video, theo nng lc v s thch ca

c nhn, ngi hc c th t tri nghim v i tng. iu ny khng th c
c nu nh cc phng tin ny c th hin tun t theo mt trt t c
nh, mt nhp c nh m cha hn ph hp vi ngi hc. iu quan
trng hn, l t nhng tri nghim ny, ngi hc c c nhng kinh
nghim c th v t duy, v hnh vi, v ng x.
Sc mnh s phm ca m phng th hin ch n huy ng tt c kh
nng x l thng tin ca ngi hc. Tt c cc c quan cm gic ca con ngi
(tay, mt, tai ) cng vi b no hp thnh mt h thng c kh nng v cng
to ln bin nhng d liu v ngha thnh thng tin. M phng c kh nng
cung cp mt kin thc tng hp v su sc hn so vi ch dng cc gio trnh
in km theo hnh nh thng thng.
M phng c s dng hun luyn, cung cp nhng kinh nghim gin
tip trc khi ngi hc thc hnh thc t.
M phng cho php ngi hc lm vic theo nhp ring v t iu khin
cch hc ca bn thn, kch thch s say m hc tp.
* Vi gio vin
- M phng gip gio vin lm vic mt cch sng to, tm c gii php
thay th nhng hot ng hc thiu hiu qu. Gio vin cng c th tm thy
m phng nhng kh nng c o cho vic t chc ging dy.
- M phng gip gio vin tit kim thi gian, nh c th khm ph nhiu
ch , tng cng thi gian giao tip, tho lun vi sinh vin.
c) Vai tr, ngha a phng php m phng v s vn d ng trong
dy hc tin hc
* Vai tr v ngha ca phng php m phng:

17

Cng vi s pht trin cng ngh thng tin, vic a my tnh vo cc

trng hc to ra bc ngoc ln trong vic dy hc. S dng m phng trn
my tnh l phng php dy hc tch cc pht huy cao tnh c lp, kh
nng lm vic tr tu ca sinh vin, to ra mt nhp phong cch trng thi
tm l mi lm thay i phng php v hnh thc dy hc.
Trong lnh vc gio dc,cc bi ging c ng dng m phng kt hp
phng tin nghe nhn hin i s to cho sinh vin nhiu k nng nh: kh
nng hot ng quan st (cc hnh nh tnh hoc ng), kh nng thao tc trn
i tng, kh nng t do pht trin t duy, la chn con ng ti u nhn
thc
So vi cc phng tin dy hc truyn thng, m phng trn my tnh biu
din cc hin tng trong s phi hp vi mu sc m thanh, li gii thch, to
s cun ht sinh vin, kch thch hng th hc tp, to cho sinh vin ch thc
hin hnh ng lnh hi khi nim. Do hiu qu bi ging v cht lng lnh
hi kin thc ca sinh vin c nng cao hn.
Gio vin c th rn luyn cho sinh vin cc thao tc t duy: cch quan st,
kh nng m t v din t t duy to iu kin cho h hnh thnh nng lc
phn tch, so snh, tng hp, khi qut ha v tru tng ha.
* ng dng ca phng php M phng trong tnh hung ging dy v hc tp
CNTT:
CNTT l ngnh hc c nhng c th ring, vic p dung phng php m
phng c th mang li nhiu cho vic dy v hc
Gio vin c th dng m phng trong phn m bi t sinh vin
trong tnh hung c vn , to trng thi tm l sn sng tham gia tch
cc vo qu trnh lnh hi kin thc mi.

18

 Gio vin c th t m phng gi m pht trin nhng tng mi

cho sinh vin.
Khi ng dng m phng ging dy, gio vin khng ch gip sinh vin
nm kin thc mn hc m cn phi tm cch sinh vin hiu bit c
con ng dn n kin thc.
Phng php m phng c tnh trc quan cao, gip sinh vin c th quan
st nhng hnh nh tru tng khng th trc tip tri gic c.
Tng ng vi mi bi hc, gio vin chn phng php m phng
thch hp (hnh hc, ng hnh hc, ng lc hc).
Sinh vin c th t mnh tin hnh m phng vi cc phn mm n gin
kt hp vi cc kin thc tin hc c s iu chnh ti ch qu trnh m
phng theo mun. Hn na ngi hc cn c rn luyn k nng t
duy thut ton, k nng lp trnh to kh nng thch ng vi x hi
thng tin trong tng lai.
Trong mt s trng hp i vi mt s sinh vin c kh nng c bn v
lp trnh, h c th trc tip xy dng nhng hnh nh m phng trn
my tnh theo nhim v gio vin t ra vi s hng dn ca gio vin,
qua sinh vin pht huy tnh c lp sng to tm cch thc hin nhim
v c giao.
Vi mt chng trnh m phng c thit k tt, sinh vin c th t hc
m vn t kt qu tt nh hc vi gio vin. iu ny to iu kin cho
vic c th ha trong hc tp (rt cn thit khi kin thc v nng lc nhn
cch ca sinh vin khng ng u). Rn luyn cho sinh vin tnh c
lp, t ch kin tr, cn c v chm ch, to tin cho vic nh hng
ngh nghip.
Gio vin v sinh vin c th s dng m phng nh mt ti liu ging
dy v hc tp c lp (ch yu phc v t hc, t nghin cu). Ti liu
hc tp kiu ny c cung cp trn web hay cung cp qua a CD.

19

 Gio vin c th s dng m phng phi hp vi cc phn mm trnh

chiu khc nh power point hay ging dy trn web.
M phng trn my tnh khng phi l phng php vn nng trong dy
hc. Qua m phng bi ging trn my tnh, sinh vin quan st cc hnh
nh c m hnh ha m khng quan st c cc hin tng v qu
trnh thc v mt tm l cc biu tng v mt s vt m sinh vin thu
c t quan st vt thc v t cc hnh nh ca n c s khc nhau v
cht. V vy cc phng php m phng cn kt hp vi cc phng tin
v phng php khc.
2.1.2.

Phng tin trc quan trong dy hc :

a) Mt s khi nim :
* Khi nim phng tin dy hc (PTDH)
Theo ngha rng: PTDH l ton b cc yu t s dng vo trong qu trnh
dy hc nhm tc ng n s chuyn bin ni dung t c mc tiu
dy hc.
Theo ngha hp: PTDH l mt cu trc k hiu c lu tr, do ngi
dy ch ng to lp v la chn s dng nhm:
Truyn t ni dung n ngi hc
Trao i, tranh lun vi ngi hc v ni dung
PTDH s c hiu l nhng dng c, my mc, thit b, vt dng cn thit
cho hot ng dy v hc, gip cho qu trnh nhn bit, lnh hi kin thc ca
hc vin c tt hn. V d: Bng vit ( Bng phn, bng phoc mi ca trng),
bng giy lt, bng ghim, my chiu ht (overheat), Projecter ( phng tin vi
s tr gip ca my tnh chng trnh Powerpoint). Trong nhng phng
tin nh my chiu ht (overheat), Projecter (phng tin vi s tr gip ca
my tnh chng trnh Powerpoint) c coi l nhng phng tin dy hc
hin i.
20

* Khi nim phng tin trc quan :

Phng tin trc quan l cc phng tin nhn thc, c chc nng lm
cho i tng nhn thc c bc l mt cch trc quan. Nu thi Cmenxki,
phng tin trc quan c hiu l vic nhng s vt, hin tng c th hoc
hnh nh ca chng c s dng trong dy hc, th ngy nay cc phng tin
trc quan c m rng t nhiu pha khc nhau. Bn cnh nhng phng tin
trc quan truyn thng cn c c cc phng tin trc quan c tnh hin i, cc
phng tin nghe nhn, phng tin a nng (Mutimeia).. Nh cc phng
tin trc quan m cc tri thc tru tng, cc s kin phc tp c b l mt
cch trc quan lm cho ngi hc tip thu mt cch d dng.
* Khi nim a phng tin ( Multimedia)
Multimedia l mt h thng k thut dng trnh din cc d liu v thng
tin, s dng ng thi cc hnh thc ch vit, m thanh, hnh nh, ng hnh
qua h thng Computer, trong to kh nng tng tc gia ngi s dng v
h thng.
Hc tp vi a phng tin theo ngha rng cng l s s dng kt hp
nhng phng tin truyn thng nh sch, bng, my chiu bn trong, phim,
cc phng tn nghe nhn.
Cung cp cho ngi hc nhng kinh nghim c th v i tng hc tp
theo kiu tri nghim gin tip. Vi kh nng iu khin ng thi tt c cc
thnh phn nh hnh nh, m thanh, video, theo nng lc v s thch ca c
nhn, ngi hc c th t tri nghim v i tng. iu ny khng th c c
nu nh cc phng tin ny c th hin tun t theo mt trt t c nh, mt
nh p c nh m cha hn ph hp vi ngi hc. Hn na, t nhng tri
nghim , ngi hc c c nhng kinh nghim c th v t duy, v hnh vi,
21

v ng x. Trc ht, sc mnh s phm ca multimedia th hin ch n huy

ng tt c kh nng x l thng tin ca con ngi. Tt c cc c quan cm gic
ca con ngi (mt, tai .v.v.) c ng vi b no hp thnh mt h thng c kh
nng v c ng to ln bin nhng d liu v ngha thnh thng tin. Trm nghe
khng bng mt thy, nhng nu ci thy l thc th vn ng th ngha cn
ln hn rt nhiu.
T c th thy m phng l mt phng tin trc quan c th p ng h
thng a phng tin ny. N cng c th l mt phn ca h thng multimedia
trong dy hc.
b) Vai tr ca phng tin trc quan trong qu trnh dy hc :
Trong l lun dy hc th PTTQ c nhng vai tr sau:
PTTQ l ngun cha ng thng tin tri thc, gip ngi hc lnh hi tri
thc y v chnh xc; ng thi gip cng c, khc su, m rng,
nng cao v hon thin tri thc. Pht trin t duy tm ti sng to, nng
lc quan st, phn tch tng hp, hnh thnh v pht trin ng c hc tp
tch cc.
PTTQ l mt cng c tr gip c lc gip ngi dy trnh by bi ging
mt cch tinh gim nhng y , su sc v sinh ng; iu khin qu
trnh nhn thc ca ngi hc hiu qu sng to.
PTTQ ch pht huy hiu qu cao nht khi ngi dy s dng l phng
tin ; cn vi ngi hc thng qua lm vic vi PTTQ hnh thnh
nhng tri thc, k nng, thi , nhn cch.
PTTQ c vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh dy hc gip ngi dy
pht huy c tt c cc gic quan ca ngi hc.
PTTQ lm cho vic ging dy tr nn c th, d dng hn. Nh n rt
ngn thi gian ging dy, lnh hi nhng kin thc ca ngi hc li din
ra nhanh hn.
22

Phng tin dy hc c xy dng, pht trin v ng dng cho mt tnh

hung s phm nht nh. Tnh hung ng dng tng ng c m t nh
mt Kch bn ng dng Application Scenario. Kch bn ny bao gm
nhng thnh phn, iu kin v kha cnh c bn cho vic p dng phng tin
trong qu trnh dy hc (nhng yu t ny c thit lp cho c nhng ng
dng din ra v c nhng ng dng c d tnh), t mt trng thi u
vo (v d : kt qu hc tp ban u) vi s tr gip ca phng tin c th t
ti trng thi u ra mong mun (v d : hiu qu hc tp cn t c)
Ngy nay, vi nhng thnh tu ca khoa hc v cng ngh th PTDH cng
c pht trin, a dng, a ngnh, chnh iu ny gip rt nhiu cho qu
trnh dy hc. Nhng d PTDH c hin i n u th n vn ch l cng c
trong tay ngi dy, gip h thc hin c hiu qu qu trnh dy hc.
Hin nay cc phng php dy hc tch cc ang c pht trin nhm p
ng nhu cu i mi gio dc v o to. Cc phng php dy hc tch cc ly
ngi hc lm trung tm; khi dy lng tch cc, ch ng sng to ca ngi
hc. Phng php dy hc tch cc s to c mi quan h thy tr gn gi,
gi m; to c khng kh lp hc vui v hn; ngi dy d nm bt nh gi,
phn loi c hc vin mt cch nhanh chng v y .
T gc tm l hc, chng ta thy con ngi tip nhn cc thng tin nh
vo nm gic quan: Cm gic, tri gic, thnh gic, v gic, khu gic (cm nhn,
nhn, nghe, ngi, nm, ngi). Theo cch ging dy trc y ch c mt gic
quan duy nht c huy ng l thnh gic (tai nghe). Truyn th kin
thc ch thng qua li ni, cn cc gic quan khc cha c s dng cho vic
tip thu cc bi ging, phn ln tim nng hc tp cha c pht huy. Cng
vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, vic ng dng cng ngh hin i vo
qu trnh gio dc l xu th tt yu. Hiu qu ca vic s dng cng ngh, cc
trang thit b dy hc hin i trong qu trnh gio dc c khng nh

23

trong thc t, nht l kh nng lm cho bi ging tr nn sinh ng, gio vin c
th nh hng hc sinh tip cn vi mt ngun tri thc phong ph.
T vic ln lp bng gio n in t, dy hc bng trnh chiu trn mn hnh
(power point), cn xut hin nhng thit b cng ngh dy hc hin i mi
nh: Bng in t thng minh, sch gio khoa in t. Khi s dng gio n
in t vi nhng mn hc, tit dy ph hp, bi ging ca gio vin c tnh
trc quan hn.Vi vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin, trong mt tit dy, khi
lng kin thc c th c truyn t ti hc sinh nhiu hn. Vi nhng bi
ging in t, gio vin gim c ng k thi gian ghi bng hoc c cho hc
sinh chp. Thay cho thi gian c chp hay ghi bng, gio vin c th ly thm
nhiu v d minh ha, dn dt hc sinh tip cn vi cc kin thc phong ph
hn. Mt khc, vic ng dng cc thit b dy hc hin i vo qu trnh gio
dc cng l c hi gip gio vin v hc sinh c iu kin tip cn c vi cc
phng tin ging dy v hc tp tin tin trn th gii.
Mc d vy, qua thc tin ging dy cho thy, nu lm dng qu mc, s
dng khng linh hot, ph hp, cc phng tin dy hc hin i c th gy ra
nhng tc dng ph khng mong mun, lm gim i qu trnh tng tc cn
thit gia thy v tr.
Do , cn s dng cng ngh, cc phng tin dy hc hin i sao cho ph
hp l vn cn c quan tm. Trong nhng nm qua, cc phng tin dy
hc hin i c s dng v dn tr nn quen thuc trong cc tit dy ca gio
vin, nht l nhng n v trng hc ng trn cc a bn c iu kin kinh
t thun li.ng thc t, c nhng tit dy, gio vin trnh chiu cho hc sinh
qu nhiu thng tin, hnh nh, s liu khin cho hc sinh b qu ti vi nhng
g nghe v nhn thy.Thi gian l ra phi ginh hc sinh suy ngh, t duy,
tho lun nhm th ch yu ch s dng cho vic nghe v quan st. Kt qu

24

l, chuyn t hnh thc c - chp trc y sang nhn - chp, chiu - chp, hiu
qu ca tit dy v th khng c ci thin nhiu.
Nn trnh vic lm dng qu mc, li vo s tin dng ca cc phng
tin dy hc hin i m xem nh vai tr ca ngi thy. Cng ngh hin i
ch nn xem l phng tin h tr, gip gio vin ng lp chuyn ti ti hc
sinh nhng lng thng tin m phn trng, bng en v cc phng tin dy hc
truyn thng khc khng lm c.
Mt vn khc cn c quan tm l gi thnh ca cc thit b dy hc
hin i khng h r, nht l i vi nhng trng hc ng trn cc a bn
kinh t cn kh khn. Cc n v trng hc cn da trn iu kin thc t
tnh ton, mua sm nhng trang thit b dy hc hin i thc s cn thit, trnh
chy theo phong tro, gy lng ph.
2.1.3.

Phng tin trc quan m phng :

PTTQ ch pht huy hiu qu cao nht khi ngi dy s dng n vi t cch
l phng tin t chc v iu khin hot ng nhn thc ca ngi hc, cn
i vi ngi hc thng qua lm vic vi PTTQ hnh thnh nhng tri thc,
k nng, thi v hnh thnh nhn cch. Vi PTTQ l chng trnh M phng
m chng em ang tin hnh nghin cu, y l mt loi PTTQ c bit c kh
nng th hin sinh ng r rng thun t cc din tin, c ch hot ng c bit
trong CNTT, gip cho ngi hc nhanh chng nm bt c ni dung, ng vai
tr ngy cng quan trng trong qu trnh dy - hc.
S dng phng tin trc quan minh ha tc l dng phng tin trc
quan din t, th hin, khng nh, chng minh cho nhng s vt hin tng
m bng li ni khng th m t c mt cc y , cc yu t nghch l, mu
thun, cc s kin tng phn, cc yu t thng tin mi khng th hiu c
nu ch gii thch bng li ni.

25

2.2.

C s thc tin:

2.2.1.

Thc trng dy v hc CNTT trng i h , ao ng

hin nay:
Cng ngh thng tin l ngnh hc c nhng c th ring khng th ch hc
thuc, p dng my mc m i hi ngi hc phi c kh nng t duy logic
tt, ngha l t nhng gi thit ban u cho ra nhng tng ng n, chnh
xc v cht ch, kh nng ny cng tng thch vi kh nng ton hc.
Ngi hc cng ngh thng tin phi c tr sng to v tng tng phong
ph hiu v hnh dung ra c nhng i tng m mnh nghin cu thng
l nhng khi nim tru tng, nhng lu biu din nhng t hp lnh cc
k phc tp vi nhiu kh nng logic xy ra.
Tuy nhin nhiu ngi hc theo phong tro, s ng m khng da trn s
trng, s thch ca mnh dn n nhanh chng chn nn, mt tinh thn hc tp,
ko theo kt qu thp. ng thi, vic dy CNTT i hc cn nng v tnh
hn lm, nhiu l thuyt m t c thc hnh thc t. Trong khi l thuyt li
c khng d hiu , cc gio vin li t s dng
Tip sinh vin khng c mi trng hc tp ph hp c th khm ph
nghin cu thng phi t tm ti hc hi cc ngun ti nguyn kha hc trn
mng.Nhng khng phi ti nguyn no cng ph hp, c th s dng m phi
chn lc. T , c th thy vic xy dng cc chng trnh m phng trong
CNTT s mang li nhng hiu qu rt cao, gip ngi hc c th hnh dung
thy c mt cch sinh ng, c hng th hc tp.
2.2.2.

Thc trng dy v hc Mn Cu trc d liu v gii thut:

Trong khoa hc my tnh, cu trc d liu l mt cch lu d liu trong my

tnh sao cho n c th c s dng mt cch hiu qu. Cu trc d liu v gii
thut l mn hc c bn, c ngha nn tng cho sinh vin CNTT, cc thut
ton, gii thut,.. ng dng nhiu trong cc mn hc ca ngnh sau ny.
26

Mc ch mn hc nhm gip hc sinh nm bt c phng php t chc

lu tr thng tin my tnh. T bit la chn cu trc d liu gii quyt cc
bi ton.
Ni dung mn hc bao gm hai phn:
Nhng vn c bn v mi quan h gia cu trc d liu v gii thut,
phn tch thit k thut ton, gii thut qui;
Gii thiu mt s cu trc d liu (mng, danh sch, cy, th...), thut
ton sp xp, tm kim.
Trong khi ng dng ca sp xp d liu trong thc t kh nhiu nh Qun
tr c s d liu,khoa hc k thut, cc thut ton lp lch, my tm kim Web,..
Thc trng trang b PTDH dy hc :
Ti cc trng i hc hin nay hu ht cc phng hc th ngoi cc thit b
dy hc ti thiu u trang b my chiu, cc gio vin u c my tnh c nhn
thun tin trong vic trnh din. Cng vi l cc phng hc a nng vi trang
thit b, kt ni mng y .
2.2.3.

Thc trng v s d ng cc phn mm ng d ng, trong

phn mm Adobe Flash thit k hng trnh m phng:

Ti cc trng i hc hin nay, hu ht cc gio vin u c kh nng tin
hc v c hng dn cch son mt bi ging in t, cch thc ng dng
cc thit b hin i, CNTT vo qu trnh dy hc. Nh m bc u
mang li hiu qu cao trong vic nng cao cht lng dy hc cng nh vic i
mi PPDH
ng dng CNTT v cc phng tin hin i vo qu trnh dy hc l mt
trong cc bin php nhm nng cao cht lng gio dc v i mi PPDH theo
quan im hin i nhng hin ti vn cn mt s gio vin v trnh ng
dng CNTT cn hn ch, hoc ngi s dng cc thit b hin i nn vic ng
27

dng cc phn mm CNTT vo ging dy cha em li hiu qu cao, mc

ng dng trong cc trng v bn thn gio vin cha cao, cha rng ri v
cha th tr thnh mt h thng ng dng ng b trong mi trng gio dc
hin nay.
Do hn ch v thi gian, dy theo chng trnh nn cc gio vin t khi s
dng cc phng tin ch ch yu s dng power point.
Vic xy dng trn nn tng Flash m phng trong dy v hc c p
dng kh nhiu vi ni dung phong ph v a dng. Trn cc kho ti liu ging
dy nh Violet. C rt nhiu phn mm to ra Flash nh Flash Fluid Effect. Tuy
nhin hu ht ch c p dng trong chng trnh dy ph thng, trong khi i
hc t c s dng.
c bit, o to trc tuyn ra i nh mt cuc cch mng v dy v hc
ca th k 21. ng dng nhng gii php tin tin ca cng ngh ngi dy
c th thit k c nhng phng tin truyn ti kin thc v k nng mt
cch hu hiu nht ti ngi hc. Ngi hc thm ch c th ngi bt c u
vo bt c lc no ... n trng m vn t c hiu qu hc tp tt nht
thng qua cng c h tr l my tnh v internet. E-learning chnh l mt gii
php hu hiu , v vi Flash th chng ta c th tao ra mt kho t liu trc quan,
sinh ng, phong ph.Vi nn tng ny gip cho cho chng trnh c hiu ng
m phng p hn,r rng hn,...
Nu p dng Flash hp l s to ra nhng hiu qu rt cao trong dy v hc.
Ngy nay khi dy hc trc tuyn ngy cng pht trin, vic s dng cc Flash
c cht lng s em li hiu qu cao cho dy v hc, b tr hu ch cho qu
trnh dy v hc. Cc chng trnh c th trnh chiu ngay cho sinh vin xem
hoc a ln cc trang web hc tp.

28

CHNG 3: C S L LUN THC TIN CA TI

3.1.

Gii thiu phn mm Adobe Flash v ngn ng lp trnh

ActionScript 3.0:

Adobe Flash (trc y l Macromedia Flash v trc Future Splash),

hay cn gi mt cch n gin l Flash, c dng ch chng trnh sng to
a phng tin (multimedia) ln phn mm hin th chng Macromedia
Flash Player. Chng trnh in ton ny c vit v phn phi bi Adobe
Systems (cng ty mua Macromedia). Flash dng k thut ha vect v
ha im (raster graphics) kt hp vi hiu ng ng. Vi phin bn Adobe
Flash CS5, cng ty Adobe b sung vo cho Flash nhng tnh nng mnh m:
h tr nhiu nh dng import d liu; b sung cc cng c to hot hnh mnh
m nh Bone, Bind, 3D Translation, 3D Rotation.
Ngoi ra Flash cn c mt ngn ng vn lnh ring gi l ActionScript:
ActionScript (AS) l ngn ng lp trnh ca Flash. ActionScript l mt ngn
ng lp trnh hng i tng c dng pht trin cc ng dng nh vo
Adobe Flash Player v Adobe AIR. Ngn ng lp trnh ActionScript c th
c bin dch bi:
Adobe Flex Builder.
Adobe Flash Professional.
Command Line nh vo b SDK.
Cng tng t nh Java, sau khi c bin dch, cc ActionScript s c
chuyn thnh dng bytecode m ch c my o ActionScript (AVM) mi hiu
c.
Ngn ng lp trnh ActionScript (AS) l ngn ng c c php kt hp ca c
Java v Delphi (c php v t kha ging Java, cch khai bo ging Delphi)..
Cc ton t, cc cu lnh tng t nh Java. Mt iu c bit, l lp ca
29

ActionScript c c php khai bo v cch s dng rt ging vi Java to nn s

n gin v quen thuc vi a s ngi dng. Phin bn mi nht ca AS cho
n thi im ny l bn 3.0. AS l ngn ng hng i tng nh Delphi (hay
C++), ngha l khng tuyt giao vi lp trnh hng th tc (bng chng l ta c
th vit hm bn ngoi lp). AS l ngn ng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng.
Cng lu rng, AS l ngn ng kch bn (scripting language), nn n cng
mang nhiu c trng ca mt ngn ng kch bn. Cc cu lnh nm t do,
khng nht thit phi c t trong mt hm c th no chnh l t trng
d nhn thy ca mt ngn ng kch bn nh JavaScript.
Ngoi chc nng tnh ton thng thng nh cc ngn ng lp trnh khc,
AS cn c kh nng iu khin animation v cc i tng trong file Flash; x
l cc s kin tng tc vi chut v bn phm; load d liu, nh, video,... t
bn ngoi; v c kh nng truyn v ti lung m thanh hoc hnh nh. Chnh v
nhng c im ny m nu p dng ngn ng lp trnh AS to ra cc chng
trnh m phng s t hiu qu cao, tng tnh sinh ng. c bit kh nng x
l cc s kin tng tc vi chut v bn phm s h tr rt nhiu khi lp trnh
cc chng trnh m phng m tng kh nng tng tc vi ngi dng.
3.2.

Tnh u vit ca phn mm Adobe Flash :

Flash l cng c pht trin cc ng dng nh thit k cc phn mm m

phng. im mnh ca Flash l c th nhng cc file m thanh, hnh nh ng.
Ngi lp trnh c th ch ng lp cc iu hng cho chng trnh. Flash
cng c th xut bn a dng cc file kiu html, exe, jpg,... ph hp vi cc
ng dng ca ngi s dng nh trn Web, CD,..
Cc tp tin Flash, thng thng mang phn m rng l .swf v c th hin
th bi cc chng trnh duyt trang Web hay ng dng Flash Player. Cc tp
tin Flash thng l hot ha, qung co hay cc thnh phn trang tr ca cc
trang Web. Flash cn c s dng to ra cc ng dng Internet phong ph.

30

Vi mt kch thc tng t, mt tp tin Flash c th cha nhiu thng tin hn

l mt tp tin hnh dng GIF hay dng JPEG. u im ln nht ca Flash - vi
ha dng vecto - l kch thc file rt nh. Thun tin cho vic truyn ti d
liu qua Internet.
Phn mm Flash c th tr thnh mt phng tin trc quan v cng hu
hiu. Vi tnh nng chnh l to cc hnh nh ng, Flash cho php th hin tt
c cc qu trnh t n gin n phc tp. V d trong lnh vc pht trin, thit
k website, so vi cc cng ngh khc th cng ngh Flash/Flex h tr lp trnh
hng i tng. N tng thch vi hu ht cc ngn ng lp trnh web hin
nay. Flash h tr hu ht trn cc h iu hnh: Windows, Linux, MacOS v rt
nhiu mu Mobile ca nhiu hng khc nhau. pht trin mt ng dng Flash,
cc nh pht trin c th s dng trnh bin tp Adobe Flash. Trnh bin tp ny
hot ng tt trn a s h iu hnh: Windows v MacOS.
Mt s cng ngh khc nh Silverlight mc d ra i sau Flash, nhng vi
s hu thun ca mt tp on ln nh Microsoft, n cng ang dn c mt v
th ng k. Nhc im ca n l ch tng thch trn Windows, MacOS v
cc mu in thoi Windows Mobile. pht trin ng dng trn Silverlight,
cc nh pht trin ch c th s dng Visual Studio vn ch dnh cho HH
Windows. JavaFx ra i sau cng, nhng n c nhiu u im: m ngun m,
h tr nhiu h iu hnh - Windows, Linux, MacOS v ha hn hot ng tt
trn nhiu mu Mobile, trnh khch khng cn ci t Plugin h tr. Xt mt
phm tr no , n c nhiu im tng ng vi k thut to video (k thut
24 hnh/giy). Nhng n c u im l phim c to bi Flash khng b v ht
khi phng to (tr trng hp phim c cha cc i tng ha im). V c
bit, kch thc phim to bi Flash rt nh gn so vi cc nh dng phim khc.
Vic khai thc cc phn mm MS Office, Power Point , Violet( thit k v
trnh din), GIF Movie Gear (lm hot hnh), Windows Movie Maker (lm

31

phim), vo dy hc l mt xu hng tt yu trong thi k i mi phng

php dy v hc. Adobe Flash cng l mt phn mm ni bt vi nhiu u vit.
Flash c nhng u im ni bt hn so vi cc phn mm trn:
Cho php ghi m thanh, hnh nh, video a ln bi ging, trnh chiu
mt cch sinh ng, logic v chi tit.
Cho php chn cc cu hi tng tc (bao gm cu hi trc nghim ln
bi ging)
C th t v, thit k c cc nhn vt, phong cnh, lm c phim hot
hnh nh tht, sng ng
iu khin c thi gian ca bi ging in t
Lm c phim, games, vui, dn nhc, website
Cho php xut bi ging ra nhiu ti liu khc nhau (website, CD, ) v c
th dy hc trc tuyn
S dng cc hnh nh ng m phng cc bc sp ca cc qu trnh, c
ch s gip cho tt c ngi hc c hng suy ngh ging nhau, hiu
r rng, hiu ng v bn cht ca s vt m phng
Nh quan st cc m hnh ng, ngi hc s nhanh chng nm r v
lnh hi mt cch d dng bn cht ca cc c ch, qu trnh. Kin thc
ca ngi hc sau khi s dng cc hnh nh ng c m phng s nh
lu hn.
Vi nhng u im trn, Flash ang dn thay th cc phn mm khc trong
vic thit k bi ging in t, m phng.

32

3.3.

Hng dn s d ng phn mm Adobe Flash :

a) Khi ng phn mm :
khi ng Adobe Flash Professional CS6: Vo Start > All Programs ->
Chn Adobe Master Collection CS6 -> Chn Adobe Flash Professional.
Sau khi qu trnh khi ng hon tt, chng trnh s c giao din sau y:

H nh 1 : Khi ng phn mm Adobe Flash Professional

Trong giao din tng th Essential ca Flash CS6, c th chia lm 5 vng
chnh:
Vng h thng menu pha trn cng.
Vng thanh cng c bn phi.
Vng thuc tnh v th vin bn cnh thanh cng c
Vng sng tc trung tm.
Vng TimeLine v Layer pha bn di.

33

b) To mi mt d n :
to mi mt d n, kch chut vo File, chn New (phm tt l Ctrl +N).
Hp thoi ging nh trn s hin ra, c cc kiu d n cho chng ta la chn :
Flash File (ActionScript 3.0, ActionScript 2.0): to d n Flash vi
ActionScript 3.0 hoc 2.0. Phin bn 3.0 l phin bn mi nht ca ngn
ng lp trnh Action Script .
Ngoi ra c cc kiu d n Flash File (Adobe Air 2): to d n Flash cho
Desktop chy trn Adobe Air. Adobe Air l mt d n mi ca Adobe
nhm to ra mi trng cho cc nh pht trin nhng ng dng da vo
cng ngh Flash c th chy c lp trn cc h iu hnh. Flash File
(Mobile - iphone OS, Flash Lite 4, Device Central): to d n Flash cho
Mobile.
c bit nu mun to cc Action c lp, c th to ring chng bng
cch chn ActionScript File.
c) Layer, Frame, Scene v Movie:
Trong k thut to cc thc phim, k thut c s dng ph bin to
chuyn ng trong cc on phim l k thut 24 hnh/ giy. Trong k thut ny,
cc hnh nh c nhiu im tng ng s c ghp ni li mt cch lin tip.
Cc i tng cn to chuyn ng s c cht thay i trn mi khung hnh.
Khi cc khung hnh thay th cho nhau tc m mt ngi khng nhn ra s
thay i ny, chng ta s cm thy i tng chuyn ng. K thut to hot
hnh trong Flash cng hon ton tng t. Trc khi tm hiu k v cc cch
thc to chuyn ng trong Flash, ta cn tm hiu qua cc khi nim: Lp Layer, Khung hnh - Frame, Cnh quay - Scence, Thc phim - Movie.
Layer: l cc lp c dng trong vic sng tc. Mi mt khung hnh c
th cha nhiu layer khc nhau. Mi mt i tng thng c xy
dng trn mi layer.
34

 Frame: l khung hnh dng trong k thut to chuyn ng. Vt th

chuyn ng c l nh vo k thut thay th cc khung hnh. Nh
trnh by trn, mt ngi ch c th lu c khng qu 24 hnh nh
trong mt giy, nu tc chuyn i cc khung hnh ln, mt chng ta
khng th nhn thy c s thay i ny m cm gic nh l hnh nh
ang chuyn ng. Vi Flash, s khung hnh khng nht thit phi ln
nh trong k thut to video, n gim i mt cch ng k nh vo cng
ngh c s dng trong Flash. iu ny cng gip lm gim kch thc
ca tp tin Flash.
Scene: c hiu nh l cc cnh quay trong Flash. Mt cnh quay l tp
hp ca cc khung hnh k tip nhau to ra chuyn ng. chn
thm scene, ta vo Insert, chn Insert Scene. Mt cnh quay trong Flash
cng ging mt cnh quay trong phim truyn hnh vy. Khi cn to mt
thc phim hon chnh, chng ta s ghp ni nhiu cnh quay li vi
nhau. Chng ta cng lu rng, cc cnh quay s c ghp t ng theo
th t m bn sp xp. Do , nu mun thay i th t cnh quay, ta ch
vic thay i th t sp xp ca n. lm xut hin ca s qun l cc
cnh quay, vo Windows > Other Panels > Scene (hoc phm tt
Shift+F2). Trong ca s ny, ta ch cn sp xp li th t trnh by ca
cc Scence bng thao tc ko th n gin. Th t cc cnh quay s din
ra theo th t t trn xung di. Khi xy dng cc cnh quay c lp,c
th kim tra tng cnh quay ny bng cch vo Control > Test Scene
(hoc t hp phm Ctrl+Alt+Enter). Chng trnh m phng ca d n s
c dng ln da trn c s l cc cnh quay vi nhng thao tc nh
vy.Movie: l mt thc phim hon chnh. Mt movie c th cha mt
hoc nhiu cnh quay (scene). kim tra mt b phim hon chnh, bn
chn Control > Test Movie (hoc t hp Ctrl+Enter). Bn cng lu
rng, nu xy dng mt thc phim cha nhiu i tng ha v c

35

nhiu cnh quay, th vic kim tra s hot ng ca tng cnh quay l
iu cn thit.
d) Vng thanh cng c Tools v vng thuc tnh Properties:
Vng thanh cng c : cha cc cng c to hnh, hiu chnh v to cc
hiu ng cho cc i tng. C c th thu gn thay cng c bng cch bm vo
biu tng thu nh bn phi trn cng, th hai t phi sang. Hoc tt n i,
bng cch bm vo biu tng cn li. c th di chuyn n, ko th n vo mt
v tr no trong giao din ca Flash hoc c th lm xut hin hoc n n i
bng cch vo menu Window, chn Tools. Cc biu tng ny c th hin
tng t nh trong phn mm Photoshop v c cung cp cho ngi dng nhng
kh nn thit k a dng vi cc i tng.

H nh 2 : Vng cng c Tools

Vng thuc tnh Properties: Mi mt i tng u c cc thuc tnh ring
nh mu vin, loi vin, mu nn hin th cc thuc tnh ca mt i
tng, bn ch vic nhp chn i tng . Khi , trong bng thuc tnh
Properties ny s hin th cc thng s lin quan n cc thuc tnh ca i
tng. thay i cc thng s thuc tnh ca i tng , ch vic thay i
cc thng s trong bng thuc tnh Properties ny.

36

H nh 3 : Vng thuc tnh Properties

e) Vng son tho, lp trnh ActionScript :
chuyn i gia cc cnh trong chng trnh chng ta s s dng cc cu
lnh chuyn cnh ca ngn ng lp trnh kch bn ny. Trong khung son tho
ActionScript, phn son tho nm trung tm ca ca s ny. Vng pha bn
tri cha cc lp th vin v cy ph h. Pha trn khung son tho l h thng
cc cng c h tr son tho ActionScript. Nhn F9 m phn son tho

H nh 4 : Vng son tho ActionScript

37

f) Cc biu tng trong Flash :

Biu tng l mt i tng c to trong Flash v c th ti s dng. Mt
biu tng c th c s dng trong mt movie hoc import vo th vin v
s dng trong mt movie khc. C ba loi biu tng l: Graphics, Buttons v
Movie Clips. Trong n, cc i tng c tng tc, chuyn ng u c
chuyn thnh cc biu tng, to thun li trong qu trnh xy dng chng
trnh
Biu tng l i tng c to v lu vo trong th vin. Nu mt bn sao
ca biu tng c s dng trong movie th n c gi l mt s th hin
ca biu tng . Mi s th hin ca mt biu tng c mt thuc tnh ring
(mu sc, kch thc, chc nng) khc vi biu tng to ra n. Mi s th hin
ca i tng c th c to nh vo chc nng ko th biu tng t th vin
vo khung trnh chiu. Khi mt biu tng c chnh sa th mi s th hin
ca n cng c cp nhp theo.

H nh 5 : To mi mt biu tng
Vic s dng biu tng l phng php hiu qu gim kch thc ca
movie. Nhng biu tng khng c s dng trong movie, d nm trong th
vin th n cng khng c tnh vo kch thc ca movie .
38

g) To hot cnh :
Tm hiu v TimeLine :
TimeLine l mt vng tng tc to ra chuyn ng trong movie ca
Flash. to ra chuyn ng, TimeLine thay th tng Frame mt theo
thi gian, k thut frame by frame.

H nh 6 : Khung TimeLine
Trong TimeLine, c th d dng thy c ba phn chnh: Phn qun l
Layer (bn tri), Phn qun l Frame (pha trn bn phi) v Phn qun l Cng
c(pha di bn phi).
Layer: qun l cc lp i tng. Mi mt i tng trn Layer s c mt
thanh TimeLine ca ring mnh. Trong trng hp minh ha trn, th i
tng trn Layer 1 nm trn TimeLine pha di v i tng trn Layer
2 nm trn TimeLine pha trn.
Thanh TimeLine: cha nhiu Frame. Khi to ra chuyn ng, cc Frame
s ln lt thay th cho nhau. Frame sau s thay th cho Frame trc .
Khi lm vic vi TimeLine, chng ta s thng xuyn s dng n hai phm
tt sau y:
39

 Phm F5: chn Frame vo thanh TimeLine (tng ng vi Insert Frame).

Nu vng TimeLine trong thanh TimeLine c to Tween, th n s
t ng gin vng Tween ny (chn thm Frame vo trong vng Frame
to Tween, cc Frame mi to ny cng k tha Tween).
Phm F6: chn KeyFrame vao thanh TimeLine (tng ng vi Insert
KeyFrame). Frame cui cng khi chn l mt KeyFrame. Vi KeyFrame
ny, ta c th to im cht cho h{nh ng trong mt movie. Khi kt hp
vi Tween, n s to mt chuyn ng mm mi cho movie ca Flash.

40

CHNG 4: NG DNG PHN MM ADOBE FLASH THIT K M

PHNG BN THUT TON SP XP TRONG DY HC MN
CTDL&GT
4.1.

Gii thiu phn mm Adobe Flash v ngn ng lp trnh

ActionScript 3.0:

4.1.1.

h v i tng ca hng trnh:

Chng trnh m phng mt s thut ton sp xp c bn trong tin hc xy

dng trn nn tng Flash ( ngn ng lp trnh Action Script 3.0 )
Vi chng trnh ny sinh vin c th tham kho cc thut ton sp xp c
bn c xy dng mt cch r rng,d hiu v sinh ng.Ngoi ra, t c th
pht trin vi nhiu thut ton, hay bi tom tm kim hn, gip cho sinh vin
c th t hc d dng t nng cao cht lng dy v hc CNTT.
Phin bn ny s h tr 4 thut ton bao gm cc thut ton v sp xp
Sp xp la chn (Selection Sort)
Sp xp ni bt (Bubble Sort)
Sp xp chn (Insertion Sort)
Sp xp nhanh ( Quick Sort)
i tng p dng ca chng trnh m phng l sinh vin ang theo hc
cc trng i hc - cao ng chuyn ngnh CNTT.
4.1.2.

Trin khai ng d ng:

p dng trong dy v hc mn CTDL nh mt phng tin dy hc v pht

trin trn mi trng web. Phng tin dy hc trc quan
Cch tin hnh to Flash m phng gii thut sp xp :
Vi ngi dy: C th xy dng cc chuyn ng c bn trong Flash, t m
phng li qu trnh thc hin
Vi ngi hc: C th tham kho phn m phng, bi tp c hng dn. Yu
cu c s tng tc
41

Chy trn mt timeline, s dng cc cu lnh chuyn n cc frame

By gi, Code Snippets to cc hiu ng m chng ta tho lun trn.
Trc tin, ta s to hiu ng Button cho cc Menu ny. ln lt chn Play, sau
vo Commands > Make Button. Lp li iu ny cho Help v Result. cc
Scene Play, Help, Result bn b sung vo dng lnh
stop();
vo v tr cui cng ca m lnh ( y dng lnh ny l duy nht )
Tip theo, bn hy nhp vo nt Play trn Scene Menu, bm chn chc nng
Code Snippets. Bn chn nhm TimeLine and Navigation. Tip n, bn chn
chc nng Click to Go to Scene and Play. Khi , Flash s sinh on m sau
btPlay.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, fl_ClickToGoToScene);
function fl_ClickToGoToScene(event:MouseEvent):void
{
MovieClip(this.root).gotoAndPlay(1, "Play");
}
Cn thay i tn ca Scene cho ph hp vi Scene s chuyn n trong dng
lnh
MovieClip(this.root).gotoAndPlay(1, "i tn Scene");
Thc hin thao tc ny cho nhng chc nng cn li. Cui cng, bn nhn t
hp Ctrl+Enter kim tra kt qu.

42

4.1.3.

Xy dng kch bn:

Xy dng kch bn:

Xy dng cc hot cnh (scene), s c s tng tc gia cc hot cnh thng
qua cc nt, s dng cc cu lnh Action Script
Chng trnh gm 18 scene vi cc biu tng, cc biu tng ny c lu
trong th vin, vi cc biu tng graphic khi thit k cc cnh khc nhau m
vn mun dng cc cnh th ch vic s dng cc biu tng c sn trong th
vin library.
Scene 1: Trang m u. Do cc m phng s p dng trong dy v hc
mn CTDL&GT nn giao din ban u s ghi tn mn CTDL&GT.
Scene 2: Khung menu chnh gm 6 nt: Gii thiu, Bi hc, M phng,
Bi tp, Lin h, Tr gip. Khi nhn vo s dn n cc cnh cha cc
ni dung tng ng. S dng cc cu lnh chuyn cnh gn vi cc nt.
Scene 3: Khung Lin h: Khi nhn vo s cho thng tin lin h ca nhm
tc gi lm chng trnh.Mi thc mc v chng trnh ngi hc c th
lin h vi nhm tc gi thng qua email v s in thoi, thc mc ca
ngi hc s c gii p.
Scene 4: Khung Menu m phng: a ra giao din 4 nt tng ng vi
bn thut ton, khi kch vo nt no th s dn n cnh m phng thut
ton tng ng. Th hin qu trnh m phng 4 thut ton c xy dng
trn 4 cnh (scene).
Scene 5: Khung m phng thut ton la chn (Selection Sort)
Scene 6: Khung m phng thut ton ni bt ( Buble Sort)
Scene 7: Khung m phng thut ton sp xp chn ( Insertion Sort)
Scene 8: Khung m phng thut ton sp xp nhanh ( Quick Sort)

43

Cc khung m phng u c cc nt iu chnh tc nhanh chm, nt

pause ngi hc c th t iu chnh tc chuyn ng sao cho ph hp
tin cho vic theo di bi hc.
Scene 9: Khung menu bi hc xy dng 4 nt ng vi bi hc ca 4 thut
ton, khi chn mt nt s hin ra slide bi ging ca thut ton tng
ng.
Scene 10: Slide bi ging thut ton sp xp la chn (Selection Sort)
Scene 11: Slide bi ging thut ton ni bt ( Buble Sort)
Scene 12: Slide bi ging thut ton sp xp chn ( Insertion Sort)
Scene 13: Slide bi ging thut ton sp xp nhanh ( Quick Sort)
Scene 14: Khung menu bi tp: a ra giao din 2 nt tng ng hai
dng bi tp c bn v nng cao, mc ch ngi hc c th t nh
gi kh nng nhn thc ca mnh sau bi hc thng qua vic lm bi tp.
Ngi hc c th chn mc bi tp t d n kh. bi tp c bn s
l mc d, kin thc c bn, cc cu hi dng trc nghim, ngi
hc s chn p n bng cch tch vo cu tr li ng, nt Submit
Answer s hin th n n l ng hay sai. bi tp nng cao s tnh
im v gii hn thi gian lm bi tp , sau khi hon thnh cc cu hi
chng trnh s a ra cc cu ngi hc lm ng v cc cu lm
sai km theo s im m ngi hc t c. Khi kch vo nt bi tp c
bn hay nng cao th s dn n cnh bi tp tng ng. Th hin bi tp
c xy dng trn 2 cnh (scene).
Scene 16: Bi tp c bn
Scene 17: Bi tp nng cao
Scene 18: Phn tr gip . S hng dn ngi hc bit cch s dng
chng trnh.

44

4.1.4.

Gii thiu bn thut ton sp xp:

Sp xp l qu trnh x l mt danh sch cc phn t (hoc cc mu tin)

t chng theo mt th t tha mn mt tiu chun no da trn ni dung
thng tin lu gi ti mi phn t.
Mc hiu qu ca tng gii thut ph thuc vo tnh cht ca cu trc d
liu c th m n tc ng n, thi gian tnh

H nh 7 : Hnh nh dy sp xp tng dn
Bi ton sp xp dy s :
Bi ton: Cho trc mt dy s a1 , a2 , , aN c lu tr trong cu trc
d liu mng
Sp xp dy s a1 , a2 , , aN l thc hin vic b tr li cc phn t sao
cho hnh thnh c dy mi ak1 , ak2, ,akN c th t (v d th t tng)
ngha l aki > aki-1.
quyt nh c nhng tnh hung cn thay i v tr cc phn t
trong dy, cn da vo kt qu ca mt lot php so snh
-> Hai thao tc so snh v gn l cc thao tc c bn ca hu ht cc thut
ton sp xp.
Ch : Khi xy dng mt thut ton sp xp cn tm cch gim thiu
nhng php so snh v i ch khng cn thit tng hiu qu ca thut
ton.

45

a) Sp xp la chn (Selection Sort) :

* tng:
Chn phn t nh nht trong N phn t ban u, a phn t ny v v tr
u dy hin hnh; sau loi n khi danh sch sp xp tip theo.
Xem dy hin hnh ch cn N-1 phn t ca dy ban u, bt u t v tr
th 2; lp li qu trnh trn cho dy hin hnh n khi dy hin hnh
ch cn 1 phn t.
* C bc sp xp tng dn:
Bc 1: i = 1 // ln x l u tin
Bc 2: Tm phn t nh nht a[min] trong dy hin hnh t a[i]
n a[N]
Bc 3: Hon v a[min] v a[i]
Bc 4: Nu i < N-1 th i = i+1; Lp li Bc 2
Ngc li: Dng

46

H nh 8 : Lu gii thut sp xp la chn

*Ci t gii thut :
public void selectionsort()
{
for (int i = 0; i < spt-1; i++)
{
int min = i;
for (int j = i + 1; j < spt; j++)
if (mang[j] < mang[min])
min = j;
if (min != i)
{
int tam = mang;
mang = mang[min];
mang[min] = tam;
47

}
}
*nh gi gii thut trn:
lt th i, bao gi cng cn (n-i) ln so snh xc nh phn t nh
nht hin hnh. Do vy s ln so snh :

S ln hon v (mt hon v bng 3 php gn) li ph thuc vo tnh trng

ban u ca dy s, ta ch c th c lc trong tng trng hp nh sau:
Trng hp

S ln so snh

S php gn

Tt Nht

n(n-1)/2

3(n-1)

Xu nht

n(n-1)/2

n(n-1)/2+3(n-1)

b) Sp xp ni bt (Bubble Sort):
* tng:
xut pht t u dy, so snh 2 phn t cnh nhau a phn t nh
hn ln trc, sau li xt cp tip theo cho n khi tin v u dy.
Nh vy, ln x l th i s tm c phn t v tr u dy l i
*C bc:
Bc 1: i=1 // ln x l u tin
Bc 2: j=N // duyt t cui dy tr v v tr
Trong khi j>i thc hin:
Nu a[j]<a[j-1]: hon v a[j] v a[j-1]
48

j= j-1
Bc 3: i=i+1 // ln x l tip theo
Nu i>N-1 th dng
Ngc li, lp li Bc 2.

H nh 9 : Lu gii thut sp xp ni bt
*Ci t gii thut :
void BubbleSort(int X[], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i=1, i<n, i++)
for (j=n, j>i, j--)
if (X[j]<X[j-1])
swap(X[j-1],X[j]);
}

49

void swap (int x, int y)

{
int temp;
temp=x;
}
*nh gi gii thut:
lt th i, bao gi cng cn (n-i+1) ln so snh xc nh phn t
nh nht hin hnh. Do vy s ln so snh:
(

S lng php hon v thc hin ty thuc vo kt qu so snh, c th

c lc trong tng trng hp nh sau:

Trng hp

S ln so snh

S php gn

Tt Nht

n(n-1)/2

Xu nht

n(n-1)/2

n(n-1)/2

c) Sp xp chn :
* tng:
Trc ht ta xem phn t a[0] l mt dy a c th t.
Bc 1: Chn phn t a[1] vo ng v tr trong dy a[0] trn sao cho dy
gm a[0] v a[1] c sp th t.
Bc 2: Chn phn t a[2] vo ng v tr trong dy gm a[0], a[1] sao
cho dy gm a[0], a[1], a[2] c sp th t.
50

Tng qut bc i, chn phn t a[i] vo ng v tr trong dy a sp xp

a[0], a[i-1] sao cho dy a[0], a[1], a[i] c sp th t.
Sau N-1 bc th kt thc.

H nh 10 : Lu gii thut sp xp chn

*Ci t gii thut :
void InsertSort (int X[], int n) {
int k := 2;// Bt u chn t phn t th hai n cui dy
while (k <= n) {
insert(X, k, X[k]);
k := k + 1;
}
}
void insert (int a[], int k, value) {
int i := k-1;
while (i > 0 and a[i] > value) {
a[i+1] := a[i]; // dch sang phi mt v tr
51

i := i - 1;
}
a[i+1] := value; / chn value vo bn phi
}
*nh gi gii thut:
phc tp gii thut ph thuc vo s ln so snh. lt th i, ti a cn i
ln so snh tm c v tr chn thch hp. Do vy s ln so snh ti a l:

d) Sp xp nhanh :
* tng :
K thut sp xp nhanh xp danh sch theo chin lc chia tr (divide &
conquer). Trong thut ton ny, danh sch cn xp s c xp thnh 2 nhm,
nhm cc phn t ln v nhm cc phn t nh da trn 1 phn t c chn
no . Sau tin hnh lp qui thao tc n khi ton b danh sch c
sp xp. Nu so vi thut ton ni bong bng gii thiu, th thut ton ny t
ra hiu qu hn do s ln thc hin vic so snh cc phn t s t hn.
*C bc thc hin:
Sp xp mt on bt k X[L],...,X[R] vi iu kin L < R
Bc 1: pirot = (L+R) div 2, key=X[pirot]
Bc 2: i=L+1, j=R
Bc 3:
* Nu X[i] < key th i=i+1;
* Nu X[j] > key th j=j-1;
Bc 4: Nu i>j th i ch X[i] vi X[j], quay v Bc 3

52

 Bc 5: Lp li t Bc 1 n Bc 3 vi on X[L],...,X[j-1] v X[j]
n X[R], dng khi tt c on c di l 1.
*Ci t gii thut :
Th tc phn chia
Function Part(a[1..n],k1,k2)
i=k1; j=k2; k=int((k1+k2)/2)+1; v=a[k]
While i<j do
While a[i]<=v do i:=i+1;
While a[j]>v and j>i do j=j-1;
if i>=k2 then
Swap(a[k],a[k2])
return k2-1
Swap(a[i],a[j])
return i-1
Quick Sort quy
Procedure PartSort (a,k1,k2)
if k1<k2 then
k=part(a,k1,k2)
PartSort(a,k1,k)
PartSort(a,k+1,k2)
*nh gi gii thut :
phc tp thi gian : O(n logn)
Trng hp xu nht O(n2)

53

4.1.5.

Th hin kch bn:

*To chuyn ng bng k thut Adding a Motion Guide:

K thut Adding a Motion Guide l k thut chuyn ng theo ng v.
Chng ta s v ng chuyn ng cho i tng ri cho i tng chuyn
chuyn theo ng v.
B1: To mi mt d n Ascript 3.0
B2: Trn thanh cng c Tools chn Oval Tool (Ctrl + O)

H nh 11 : Cng c v Oval Tool

Bc 3 : Gi chut v n phm Ctrl v hnh trn:

54

H nh 12 : V hnh trn bng cng c Oval Tool

Bc 4: Ti Layer 1 kch chut phi chn Adding a Motion Guide:

H nh 13 : To mt Layer Motion Guide

Bc 5 : Chn cng c v Pencil Tool (Ctrl+P) trn thanh cng c
Tools. Tin hnh v ng chuyn ng cho qu bng

55

H nh 14 : V ng chuyn ng cho qu bng

Bc 6 :
Ti Frame th 80 ca Layer Motion Guide ta n phm F6.
Ti Frame th 80 ca Layer 1 ta cng n phm F6
Bc 7:
Ti Frame th 1 ca Layer 1 ta ko qu bng li ng chuyn
ng sao cho tm qu bng nm trn ng chuyn ng.
Ti Frame th 80 ca Layer 1, ta ko qu bng ti v tr ch
ca chuyn ng, lu l tm ca qu bng phi nm trn
ng chuyn ng.
Bc 8 :
Kch chut phi vo gia Frame ca Layer 1, chn Create Classic
Tween.
Nhn Ctrl+ Enter kim tra kt qu
Nh vy ta xy dng c mt chuyn ng c bn bng k thut Adding
a Motion Guide.

56

H nh 15 : To chuyn ng cho qu bng.

Vi chng trnh sp xp dy s 12, 2,8,5,1,6,4 theo t th tng dn. ta s v
7 qu bng v nh s cho cc qu bng. Vic i ch cc qu bng ta s dung
k thut Adding a Motion Guide. Qu trnh i ch nh th no s ty vo gii
thut m ta ang lm.
Ta tin hnh m phng 4 gii thut sp xp da trn c s va phn tch.

57

H nh 16 : Kt qu sau khi xy dng bng k thut Adding a Motion Guide

*S d ng d ng cc cu lnh ngn ng lp trnh Action Script 3:
Khi lm vic vi s kin trong AS, ta cn ci t tn hin th cho i tng.
minh ha cho vic x l s kin chut trong AS, ta s minh ha s kin
ny trn i tng stage (khung trnh chiu).
import flash.events.MouseEven
stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,func);
function func(e:MouseEvent):void
{
trace("Hello");
}
b sung mt s kin cho mt i tng, ta s dng hm
addEventListener. Hm ny c nm tham s, nhng ba tham s cui cng
c ci t ngm nh. Chng ta s quan tm n hai tham s u.

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 Tham s Event: n c th l s kin chut, bn phm, s thay i kch

thc, thay i ca s kch hot,. y, ta chn MouseEvent vi
phng thc tng ng nh: CLICK, DOUBLE_CLICK,
Tham s Function: l mt hm s thc thi chc nng tng ng. N cn
cha mt tham s s kin tng tng vi tham s Event.
S dng k thut Scene chuyn gia cc cnh s dng cc cu lnh ngn
ng lp trnh Action Script 3 .Nh vo cc cnh quay ny, chng ta c th to
cc thc phim di, m khng phi qun l cc lp( layer) mt cch qu phc
tp khi s lng i tng trn cnh quay tr nn qu ln.V d trong scene
2 c cc on code :
stop();
sapxeplua_chon.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,
phanlua_chon);
function phanlua_chon(event:MouseEvent):void
{
gotoAndStop(1, "Scene 5");
}
sapxepnoi_bot.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,
phanlua_chon1);
function phanlua_chon1(event:MouseEvent):void
{
gotoAndStop(1, "Scene 6");
}
sap_xepchen.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, phanlua_chon2);
function phanlua_chon2(event:MouseEvent):void
{
gotoAndStop(1, "Scene 7");
}
59

sap_xepnhanh.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,
phanlua_chon3);
function phanlua_chon3(event:MouseEvent):void
{
gotoAndStop(1, "Scene 8");
}
Cu lnh gotoAndsStop c 2 tham s, tham s u l Frame c gi n
ca cnh c gi n, tham s th hai l cc Scece m cu lnh chuyn cnh.
*a mt i tng vo A tionS ript :
Flash cho php bn to mt i tng bng cc cng c v. a cc i
tng ny v cc i tng c cung cp sn(nh cc thnh phn GUI) vo
AS. lm c iu ny, bn cn chuyn i cc i tng thnh cc biu
tng MovieClip hoc Button. i tng Graphic khng c h tr.
Sau , kch chn i tng. Trong bng thuc tnh, bn hy nhp tn ca
i tng th hin cn to ra vo mc <Instance Name>, sau nhp Enter. Gi
y, i tng c khi to v chng ta c th thao tc vi n bn trong AS
theo tn th hin m bn va ci t.
Trong cc Scene cn li, cha ni dung lin quan v menu Back quay tr
li Scene Menu ny.

60

H nh 17 : To ra mt i tng l menu

H nh 18 : To ra mt th hin ca i tng menu l main_menu

61

4.2.

Giao din hng trnh:

Giao din gm 6 nt: Gii thiu, Bi hc, M phng, Bi tp, Lin h, Tr

gip.

H nh 19 : Giao din chng tr nh

a) Gii thiu :

H nh 20 : Giao din gii thiu

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b) Phn bi hc :
Menu bi hc xy dng 4 nt ng vi bi hc ca 4 thut ton, khi chn mt
nt s hin ra slide bi ging ca thut ton tng ng. Ngi hc c th tham
kho sile bi hc tng thut ton. Trong sile c c video v d v cch sp xp
ca thut ton ngi hc c th hnh hiu hn v bi hc ca mnh. Cc nt
quay li , tin ln v tr v cho php ngi hc c th di chuyn ti sile k tip
hoc tr v sile trc tin theo di, hoc tr v menu chnh ca chnh ca
chng trnh.

H nh 21 : Sile gii thut sp xp la chn

63

H nh 22 : Video m phng sp xp ni bt
c) Phn m phng :
M phng 4 thut ton.Trong giao din c cc nt kim sot tc ,
ngi hc c th tin theo di tng bc thc hin gii thut.
C cc bc thc hin gii thut. Khi m gii thut thc hin ti u, lp
tc c hng ch tng ng chy m t ngi hc c th hiu r.
C lu thut ton tng ng vi gii thut.

64

H nh 23 : Giao din m phng 4 gii thut

H nh 24 : M phng thut ton sp xp chn

65

d) Phn bi tp :
a ra giao din 2 nt tng ng hai dng bi tp c bn v nng cao,
mc ch ngi hc c th t nh gi kh nng nhn thc ca mnh
sau bi hc thng qua vic lm bi tp.
Ngi hc c th chn mc bi tp t d n kh. bi tp c bn s
l mc d, kin thc c bn, cc cu hi dng trc nghim, ngi
hc s chn p n bng cch tch vo cu tr li ng, nt Submit
Answer s hin th n n l ng hay sai.
bi tp nng cao s tnh im v gii hn thi gian lm bi tp , sau khi
hon thnh cc cu hi chng trnh s a ra cc cu ngi hc lm
ng v cc cu lm sai km theo s im m ngi hc t c. Khi
kch vo nt bi tp c bn hay nng cao th s dn n cnh bi tp
tng ng.

H nh 25 : Bi tp c bn

66

H nh 26 : Bi tp nng cao
e) Phn lin h :
Khi nhn vo s cho thng tin lin h ca nhm tc gi lm chng
trnh.Mi thc mc v chng trnh ngi hc c th lin h vi nhm tc gi
thng qua email v s in thoi, thc mc ca ngi hc s c gii p.

H nh 27 : Lin h
67

f) Phn tr gip :
Hng dn ngi hc cch s dng chng trnh

H nh 28 : Tr gip

68

CHNG 5: KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN CA TI

5.1.

Kt qu m chng trnh t c :

Chng trnh t c yu cu c bn m mc tiu ra :

*V mt k tht :
Chy tt, chy n nh trn c hai mi trng window v web.
Giao din d nhn, mang tnh khoa hc, hp dn li cun.
*V mt s phm:
Tng kh nng tng tc ca ngi hc vi ngi dy, tng tnh ch
ng trong hc tp ca sinh vin, nng cao cht lng dy v hc p
ng cc vn s phm.
*V mt thc tin :
Hin nay xu hng p dng cc phng tin dy hc hin i trong dy
cng vi l cc m hnh hc tp trc tuyn ngy cng pht trin th vi
nhng chng trnh nh th ny l rt cn thit,cn c p dng rng
di.
5.2.

Hng pht trin ca hng trnh :

Chng trnh s c thit k sao cho tng kh nng tng tc vi vi

ngi hc.
Thit k cc nhp s liu, cho ngi dng nhp s, ri chn gii thut
chng trnh t sp xp, qua tang tnh tng tc, trc quan, vi
ngi hc, kch thch ngi hc hng say hc tp.

69

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit :
1) Nguyn Trng Sinh (2006), Macromedia Flash 8 (tp 1, 2), NXB thng
k, H Ni.
2) Nguyn Phc Chnh (2007), ng dng tin hc trong nghin cu khoa hc
gio dc v dy hc sinh hc. NXB gio dc, H Ni.
3) Nguyn Phc Chnh (2006), ng dng FrontPage thit k gio n phn
loi ng vt, Tp ch khoa hc v cng ngh, i hc Thi Nguyn, S 2
(38) tp 1, 2006.
4) Dng Tin S (2009), Mt s vn l lun v tip cn dy hc theo
hng tch hp truyn thng a phng tin. Tp ch gio dc. S 216
k 2-6/2009, tr. 19, 52, 53
5) L lun dy hc chuyn ngnh CNTT- Ng T Thnh
Ting Anh :
1) Actionscript 3.0 For Adobe Flash Professional Cs5 Classroom In A Book
2) AdvancED ActionScript 3.0 Design Patterns
3) ActionScript 3 Game Programming University

70