23

Chng 5

Chng 3
P DNG MS-EXCEL
TRONG QUY HOCH THC NGHIM V PHN TCH PHNG SAI

Phn tch phng sai mt yu t

Phn tch phng sai hai yu t
Khng lp
C lp
Phn tch phng sai ba yu t
B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

Chng 5

24

A- PHN TCH PHNG SAI

MT YU T
5.1 Khi nim thng k
Php phn tch phng sai c dng trong cc trc nghim so snh cc gi tr trung
bnh ca hai hay nhiu mu c ly t cc phn s. y c th c xem nh phn m rng
ca trc nghim t hay z (so snh hai gi tr trung bnh).
Mc ch ca s phn tch phng sai mt yu t l nh gi s nh hng ca mt yu t
(nhn to hay t nhin) no trn cc gi tr quan st, Yi, (i = 1, 2, , k).
M hnh
Yu t th nghim
1

Y11

Y21

Yk1

Y12

Y22

Yk2

Y1N

Y2N

YkN

Tng cng

T1

T2

Tk

Trung bnh

Y1

Y2

Yk

Bng ANOVA
Ngun sai s

Bc t
do

Yu t

k-1

Sai s

N-k

Tng cng

N-1

Tng s bnh phng

Bnh phng
trung bnh

Ti2 T2

N
N
i 1

MSF

SSF
k 1

SSE SST SSF

MSE

SSE
Nk

SSF

SST

Yn2
i 1 j1

Gi tr thng
k

MSF
MSE

T2
N

Trc nghim
* Gi thuyt:
H0: 1 2 ...k

Cc gi tr trung bnh bng nhau

H1: i j

t nht c hai gi tr trung bnh khc nhau

B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

Chng 5

25
* Gi tr thng k: F

MSF
MSE

* Bin lun:
Nu F F (k 1; N k) Chp nhn gi thuyt H0.
5.2 p dng MS-EXCEL
Th d 12: Hm lng alcaloid (mg) trong mt loi dc liu c thu hi t ba vng khc
nhau c trnh by trong bng sau:
Vng I
7,5
6,8
7,1
7,5
6,8
6,6
7,8

Vng II
5,8
5,6
6,1
6,0
5,7

Vng III
6,1
6,3
6,5
6,4
6,5
6,3

Hm lng alcaloid c khc nhau theo vng?

Nhp d liu vo bng tnh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

A
Vng I
7.5
6.8
7.1
7.5
6.8
6.6
7.8

B
Vng II
5.8
5.6
6.1
6.0
5.7

C
Vng III
6.1
6.3
6.5
6.4
6.5
6.3

p dng Anova: Single Factor

a. Nhp ln lt n lnh Tools v lnh Data Analysis.
b. Chn chng trnh Anova: Single Factor trong hp thoi Data Analysis ri nhp nt OK.
c. Trong hp thoi Anova: Single Factor. ln lt n nh:
- Phm vi u vo (Input Range)
- Cch sp xp theo hng hay ct (Group By)
- Nhn d liu (Labels in Fisrt Row/Column)

B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

Chng 5

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Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Groups
Vng I
Vng II
Vng III

Count
7
5
6

ANOVA
Source of Variation

SS

Sum
50.1
29.2
38.1

Average
7.157143
5.84
6.35

Variance
0.202857
0.043
0.023

MS

2.663484
0.100276

26.56148

df

Between Groups
Within Groups

5.326968
1.504143

2
15

Total

6.831111

17

P-value
1.18E05

F crit
3.68232

Hnh 5.1 Hp thoi Anova: Single Factor

Kt qu v bin lun
F = 26.561 > F0.05 = 3.682
Bc b gi thuyt H0.
Vy hm lng alcaloid khc nhau theo vng.

B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

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27

B- PHN TCH PHNG SAI

HAI YU T (KHNG LP)
5.3 Khi nim thng k
S phn tch ny nhm nh gi s nh hng ca hai yu t trn cc gi tr quan st Yij (i
= 1. 2. r: yu t A; j = 1. 2. . c: yu t B).
M hnh
Yu t A

1
2

Y11
Y21

Yr1

Y12
Y22

Yr2

Tng cng
Trung bnh

T.1

T.2

Y .1

Y .2

Yu t B

Tng
cng

Trung
bnh

Y1c
Y2c

Yrc

Y1.
Y2.

Yr

Y1

Tc

T..

Y .c

Y..

Y2

Yr

Bng ANOVA
Ngun
sai s
Yu t A
(Hng)
Yu t B
(Ct)

Bc t
do
(r-1)

Tng s bnh
phng
SSB

(c-1)

SSB

Ti2 T..2

c
i 1

Tj2

j1

Sai s

(r-1)(c-1)

Tng
cng

(rc-1)

T..2
rc

SSE = SST (SSF +

SSB)
SST

Yij2
i 1 j1

Bnh phng
trung bnh

Gi tr
thng k

MSB

SSB
(r 1)

FR

MSB
MSE

MSF

SSF
(c 1)

FC

MSF
MSE

MSB

SSB
(r 1)

T..2
r

Trc nghim
* Gi thuyt:
H0: 1 2 ...k

Cc gi tr trung bnh bng nhau

H1: i j

t nht c hai gi tr trung bnh khc nhau

* Gi tr thng k: FR
B MN TON

MSB
MSF
v FC
MSE
MSE

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

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28
* Bin lun:
Nu FR Fa [b 1, (k 1)(b 1) } Chp nhn H0 (yu t A)
Nu FC Fa [k 1, (k 1)(b 1) } Chp nhn H0 (yu t B).
5.4 p dng MS-EXCEL

Th d 13: Hm lng flavonoid (mg) trong cng mt mu dc liu c chit xut bi 5

phng php vi 5 loi dung mi khc nhau:
Phng
php
A
B
C
D
E

I
12.9
13.4
15.6
12.7
13.5

Dung mi
III
11.6
19.6
16.8
21.3
18.7

II
17.1
18.1
16.9
17.8
19.3

IV
23.4
22.1
21.5
20.9
23.2

V
17.6
16.8
18.1
17.9
17.3

Phng php hay dung mi c nh hng n kt qu ca s chit xut dc liu nu trn?

Nhp d liu vo bng tnh
A
1
2
3
4
5
6

B
A
B
C
D
E

I
12.9
13.4
15.6
12.7
13.5

C
II
17.1
18.1
16.9
17.8
19.3

D
III
11.6
19.6
16.8
21.3
18.7

IV
23.4
22.1
21.5
20.9
23.2

V
17.6
16.8
18.1
17.9
17.3

p dng Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication

a. Nhp ln lt n lnh Tools v lnh Data Analysis.
b. Chn chng trnh Anova: Two- trong hp thoi Data Analysis ri nhp nt OK.
c. Trong hp thoi Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication. ln lt n nh cc chi tit:
- Phm vi u vo (Input Range).
- Nhn d liu (Labels in Fisrt Row/Column)
- Ngng tin cy (Alpha).
- Phm vi u ra (Output Range).

B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

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Hnh 5.2: Hp thoi Anova: Two-Factor Without Replicatio

Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication

SUMMARY
A
B
C
D
E

Count

I
II
III
IV
V

5
5
5
5
5

Sum
82.6
90
88.9
90.6
92

Average
16.52
18
17.78
18.12
18.4

Variance
21.537
10.495
5.107
11.842
12.29

5
5
5
5
5

68.1
89.2
88
111.1
87.7

13.62
17.84
17.6
22.22
17.54

1.337
0.908
13.885
1.157
0.263

MS
2.6684
46.3894
3.7204

F
0.717234706
12.46892807

ANOVA
Source of Variation
Rows
Columns
Error

SS
10.6736
185.5576
59.5264

Total

255.7576

df
4
4
16

P-value
0.59240848
8.5462E-05

F crit
3.00691728
3.00691728

24

Kt qu v bin lun
FR = 0.717 < F0.05 = 3.007 Chp nhn gi thuyt H0 (Phng php)
FC = 12.469 > F0.05 = 3.007 Bc b gi thuyt H0 (Dung mi)
Vy ch c dung mi nh hng n kt qu chit xut.

B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

Chng 5

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C- PHN TCH PHNG SAI HAI YU T (C LP)
5.5 Khi nim thng k

Tng t nh m hnh phn tch phng sai hai yu t (xem tr.67). ch l mi mc mc

(A1. B1) c s lp li k ln th nghim mi hng s biu th mt bn sao ca d liu v trong u
ra s thm mt i lng tng tc (interaction term) F1 gia hai yu t A v B.
Th d 14: hm lng saponin (mg) ca cng mt loi dc liu c thu hi ma (kh v
ma: trong mi ma ly mu ba ln - u. gia v cui) v t ba min (nam. trung v bc) c
tm tt nh sau:
Ma
Thi im
u ma
Ma kh Gia ma
Cui ma
u ma
Ma ma Gia ma
Cui ma

Min
Trung
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3

Nam
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6

Bc
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5

Hy cho bit hm lng saponin c khc nhau theo ma hay min? Nu c th hai yu t
ma v min c s tng tc vi nhau hay khng?
5.6 p dng MS-EXCEL
Nhp d liu vo bng tnh
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Ma kh

Ma ma

B
Nam
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6

C
Trung
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3

D
Bc
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5

p dng Anova: Two-Factor With Replication

Hnh 5.3: Hp thoi Anova: Two-Factor With Relication

B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

Chng 5

31
Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
Nam

Trung

Bc

Total

3
7.3
2.433333
0.003333

3
6.5
2.166667
0.003333

3
9.8
3.266667
0.013333

9
23.6
2.622222
0.251944

3
7.6
2.533333
0.003333

3
6.8
2.266667
0.003333

3
10.4
3.466667
0.003333

9
24.8
2.755556
0.300278

Count
Sum
Average
Variance

6
14.9
2.483333
0.005667

6
13.3
2.216667
0.005667

6
20.2
3.366667
0.018667

ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Sample
Columns
Interaction
Within

SS
0.08
4.347778
0.01
0.06

df

MS
0.08
2.173889
0.005
0.005

Total

4.497778

SUMMARY
Ma kh

Count
Sum
Average
Variance
Ma ma

Count
Sum
Average
Variance
Total

1
2
2
12

F
16
434.7778
1

P-value
0.001762
6.36E-12
0.396569

F crit
4.747225
3.885294
3.885294

17

Kt qu v bin lun
FR = 16 > F0.05 = 4.747 Bc b gi thuyt H0 (Ma).
FC = 434.778 > F0.05 = 3.385 Bc b gi thuyt H0 (Min)
F1 = 1 < F0.05 = 3.385 Chp nhn gi thuyt H0 (Ma x min).
Vy hm lng Saponin trong dc liu c kho st khc nhau khng nhng theo ma
m cn theo min. Tuy nhin. khng c s tng tc gia hai yu t ma v min trn hm
lng y.

B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

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D- PHN TCH PHNG SAI BA YU T

5.7 Khi nim thng k
S phn tch ny c dng nh gi v s nh hng ca ba yu t trn cc gi tr
quan st (i = 1. 2.... r: yu t A; j = 1. 2..... r: yu t B; k = 1. 2..... r: yu t C)
M hnh
Khi nghin cu nh hng ca hai yu
t. mi yu t c n mc. th ngi ta dng
m hnh vung la tinh n x n. th d nh m
hnh vung la tinh 4 x 4:

B
C
D
A

C
D
A
B

D
A
B
C

A
B
C
D

M hnh vung la tinh ba yu t c trnh by nh sau:

Yu t C (T..k. th d: T1 = Y111 + Y421 + Y331 + Y241)
Yu
t A
A1
A2
A3
A4
T.i.

Yu t B
B1
C1
C2
C3
C4

B2
Y111
Y212
Y313
Y414
T.1.

C2
C3
C4
C1

B3
Y122
Y223
Y324
Y421
T.2.

C3
C4
C1
C2

B4
Y133
Y234
Y334
Y412
T.3.

C4
C1
C2
C3

Y144
Y241
Y342
Y443
T.4.

Ti
T1
T2
T3
T4

Bng ANOVA
Ngun
sai s
Yu t A
(Hng)

Bc t
do

Tng s bnh phng

2
Ti2.. T...
SSR
2
r
i 1 r
r

(r-1)

Yu t B
(Ct)

(r-1)

SSC

Yu t C

(r-1)

SSF

j 1

Tj2..
r

2
T...

r2

2
Tk2.. T...

r2
k 1 r
r

SSE SST

Sai s

(r-1)(r-2)

Tng
cng

(r2-1)

(SSF SSR SSC)

SST

Yijk
i

Bnh phng trung

bnh
SSR
MSR
(r 1)

Gi tr thng
k
MSR
FR
MSE

MSC

SSC
(r 1)

FC

MSF

SSF
(r 1)

MSE

SSE
(r 1)(r 2)

MSC
MSE

MSF
MSE

2
T...

r2

Trc nghim
* Gi thit:

B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

Chng 5

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H 0 : 1 2 k

Cc gi tr trung bnh bng nhau

H1 : i j

C t nht hai gi tr trung bnh khc nhau

* Gi tr thng k: v
* Bin lun:
- Nu ( Chp nhn H0 (Yu t A)
- Nu ( Chp nhn H0 (Yu t B)
- Nu ( Chp nhn H0 (Yu t C).
5.8 p dng MS-EXCEL
Th d 15: Hiu sut phn trm (%) ca mt phn ng ha hc c nghin cu theo ba
yu t: pH (A). nhit (B) v cht xc tc (C) c trnh by trong bng sau:
Yu
t A
A1
A2
A3
A4

Yu t B
B1
C1
C2
C3
C4

B2
9
12
13
10

C2
C3
C4
C1

B3
14
15
14
11

C3
C4
C1
C2

B4
16
12
11
13

C4
C1
C2
C3

12
10
14
13

Hy nh gi v nh hng ca cc yu t trn hiu sut phn ng?

Nhp d liu vo bng tnh
1
A
B
C D E
F
G
H
2
B1 B2 B3 B4
3 A1
9 14 16 12
4 A2 12 15 12 10
5 A3 13 14 11 14
6 A4 10 11 13 13
7
8 Ti.. 51 49 52 47 SUMSQTi.. 9915 SSR
9 T.j. 44 54 52 49 SUMSQT.j. 9957 SSC
10 T..k 41 53 57 48 SUMSQT..k 10043 SSF
11 T... 199
SQT... 39601 SSE
12
SUMSQ 2531 STT
Yijk

3.69 MSR 1.2292 FR 3.106

14.2 MSC 4.7292 FC 11.95
35.7 MSF 11.896
F 30.06
2.38 MSE 0.3958
55.9

Thit lp cc biu thc v tnh cc gi tr thng k

* Tnh cc gi tr Ti.... T.j.. T..k v T...
- Cc gi tr Ti..
Chn B7 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B2:E2)
B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

Chng 5

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Chn C7 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B3:E3)
Chn D7 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B4:E4)
Chn E7 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B5:E5)
Cc gi tr T.j.
Chn B8 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B2:B5)
Dng con tr ko k1i hiu t in t B8 n E8
- Cc gi tr T..k
Chn B9 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B2.C5.D4.E3)
Chn C9 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B3.C2.D5.E4)
Chn D9 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B4.C3.D2.E5)
Chn E9 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B5.C4.D3.E2)
Gi tr T...
Chn B10 v nhp biu thc =SUM(B2:E5)
* Tnh cc gi tr v
- Cc gi tr v
Chn G7 v nhp biu thc =SUMSQ(B7:B7)
Dng con tr ko k hiu t in t G7 n G9
- Gi tr
Chn G10 v nhp biu thc =POWER(B10.2)
- Gi tr
Chn G11 v nhp biu thc =SUMSQ(B2:E5)
* Tnh cc gi tr SSR. SSC. SSF. SST v SSE
- Cc gi tr SSR. SSC v SSF
Chn I7 v nhp biu thc =G7/4-39601/POWER(4.2)
Dng con tr ko k hiu t in t I7 n I9
- Gi tr SST
Chn I11 v nhp biu thc =G11-G10/POWER(4.2)
- Gi tr SSE
Chn I10 v nhp biu thc =I11-SUM(I7:I9)
* Tnh cc gi tr MSR. MSC. MSF v MSE
- Cc gi tr MSR. MSC v MSF
B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy

Chng 5

35
- Gi tr SST
Chn K7 v nhp biu thc =I7/(4-1)
Dng con tr ko k hiu t in t K7 n K9.
- Gi tr MSE
Chn K10 v nhp biu thc =I10/((4-1)*(4-2)).
* Tnh cc gi tr v F
Chn M7 v nhp biu thc = K7/0.3958
Dng con tr ko k hiu t in t M7 n M9.
Kt qu v bin lun
FR 3,10 F0,05 (3,6) 4,76 chp nhn H0 (pH).
FC 11,95 F0,05 (3,6) 4,76 Bc b H0 (nhit )
F 30,05 F0,05 (3,6) 4,76 bc b H0 (cht xc tc)

Vy ch c nhit v cht xc tc gy nh hng n hiu sut.

B MN TON

GVGD: Nguyn nh Huy