Ni dung Text: 11 Cu hi v mng cm bin khng dy

1. cu 1: khi nim mng cm bin khng dy Mng cm bin khng dy (wireless

sensor network) l mt kt cu h tng bao gm cc thnh phn cm nhn, tnh
ton v truyn thng nhm cung cp cho ngi qun tr kh nng o c, quan
st v tc ng li vi cc s kin hin tng trong mi trng xc nh. Mt
mng cm bin khng dy bao gm nhiu nt mng. cc nt mng thng l cc
thit b n gin, nh gn, gi thnh thp, c s lng ln v thng c phn b
trn din tch rng, s dng ngun nng lng hn ch nn c thi gian sng
ca mi nt l ngn, c th l vi thng n nm v n c th hot ng trong mi
trng khc nghit, c hi. Cc nt cm bin thng phn b ri rc trong cc
mi trng v kt ni ti nt gc ( cn gi l nt Sink/Gateway). Cc nt mng
cm bin va c kh nng thu thp d liu mi trng va c th lm b nh
tuyn d liu. ( ni them v v hnh). cu 2: nhng thch thc i vi mng cm
bin khng dy a) Thch thc cp nt. cng sut tiu th, kch thc vt l ,
gi thnh nguyn vt liu, mi trng ti nguyn hn ch(b nh), kh nng x l
vi iu khn hn ch l nhng thch thc cp nt cn phi gii quyt hp l.
Cng sut tiu th l mt yu t quan trng i vi cc nt mng cm bin khng
dy bi v chng thng s dng ngun nng lng l pin hoc mt ngun nng l
ng thp bn ngoi. Kch thc vt l cng rt quan trng bi v cc yu t kch
thc v hnh thc quyt nh n cc ng dng tim nng cho mng cm bin
khng dy, cc nt mng cm bin khng dy phi c kch thc nh gn. Gi
thnh cng quan trng i vi cc nt mng cm bin khng dy bi v mng cm
bin khng dy thng c trin khai vi quy m ln. Vi vic trin khai hng
ngn cc nt mng cm bin th vic tit kim gi thnh cho mi nt s cho php
tit kim c mt khon tin ng k. Vi chi ph thp, kch thc vt l nh,
cng sut tiu th thp th cc b vi x l m trn cc phn mm hot ng tr
nn nh gn hn, tc tnh ton v kch th c b nh ca cc b vi x l cng
b gim bt. Cc nh thit k phn mem cho mt h thng mng cm bin khng
dy thng ch c vi ngn Byte b nh lm vic so vi hng triu hoc hng
t Byte b nh trong cc h thng my tnh thng dng. Do , phn mm cho cc
nt mng cm bin khng dy khng ch can hiu qu nng lng m cn phi c
kh nng chy trong mt mi trng hn ch nghim ngt ve ti nguyn. ( phn
tch them) b) thch thc cp mng quy m t chc mng cm bin khng dy
c s lng nt vi quy m l n th cc nt chuyn tip lien tc lm vic vi cng
sut cao. C s nh hng ca cp nt cng cc knh truyn khng ng tin cy
dn n thit k giao thc nh tuyn kh khn. Kch thc mng nh hng n
vic thit k giao thc nh tuyn trong mng cm bin khng dy. nh tuyn l
qu trnh mng xc nh nhng tuyn ng tt nht truyn bn tin qua mng.
Thit k cc giao thc nh tuyn l rt quan trng bi v n nh hng n c
hiu nng mng xt ve lng d liu m mng c th duy tr cng nh tc d
liu c th vn chuyn d liu thnh cng qua mng v hn ht l khong thi
gian tn ti ca mng c m bo. Trong mng cm bin khng dy, vic
truyn thng tin i hi nng

2. lng. Cc nt thc hin truyn thng tin nhiu s mt nng lng nhanh hn so
vi cc nt khc thng ch ng. Tnh cht khng ng tin cy ca mng
cm bin khng dy c gi l "tn hao". Tn hao nn c coi nh l mt c
tnh vn c trong mng cm bin khng dy. Vn e tn hao trong mng cm bin
khng dy l mt thch thc i vi cc giao thc nh tuyn. Cc giao thc nh
tuyn phi tnh ton vn e tn hao khi quy t nh tuy n ng truyn cc
bn tin v c th bn tin can phi c gi li. Cc bn tin s c nh tuyn sao
cho cc nguy c mt mt bn tin l thp nht. Tn hao l mt thuc tnh kh xc
nh, c bit l trong cc mng khng dy. Tn hao b nh hng bi cc yu t
mi trng nh nhit v m ca khng kh cng nh mi trng vt l
xung quanh ca cc mng cm bin khng dy. Tnh cht quy m ln ca cc
mng cm bin khng dy lm phc tp thm vic nh a ch cc nt. Trong
mt mng quy m ln, mi nt phi c a ch ring cc bn tin c th c
gi ti n. Cc a ch can c di ln sao cho mi nt trong cc mng quy
m ln phi c mt a ch ring bit. Vic qun l mng i vi mng cm bin
khng dy quy m ln l mt thch thc v cng kh khn. Vi mng cm bin
khng dy c th bao gm hng ngn nt th vic thc hin qun l mng theo
cch truyn thng khng th p dng ngay c. Qun l theo cch truyn thng
i hi s iu chnh c s h tang mng th cng bi mt qun tr vin h thng.
Mt mng cm bin khng dy cng phi cung cp cc c ch truy cp t bn
ngoi. C nhng trng hp m mt mng cm bin khng dy c s dng c
lp, nhng thng thng cc d liu to ra bi cc mng cm bin khng dy can
phi c l y ra x l hoc c lu tr mt ni khc. c) s chun ha Tiu
chun l mt yu t then cht i vi cht lng n s thnh cng c a sn phm
cm bin khng dy. Cc cng ngh sn xut khc nhau c nhng tiu chun khc
nhau. Nu khng c s chun ha th cc nh sn xut thit b v cc nh tch hp
h thng cn phi xy dng ton b h thng i vi mi h thng mi c ci
t. Ngoi ra, nh sn xut v nh tch hp s s dng mt cng ngh c quyn
t mt nh cung cp ring l. nh dng bn tin phi thng nht gia cc nt, c
cng tc tng thch vi nhau v tun theo iu khon mi bn. cu 3: Cu trc
phn cng mng cm bin khng dy B cm bin: Cho php cc nt cm bin c
kh nng tng tc vi th gii vt l. Cc nt cm bin khng dy tng tc vi
mi trng vt l nh cc cm bin. Cc cm bin c gn trn nt cm bin
khng dy c th t rt n gin n rt phc tp. Nhiu b cm bin n gin v
c hnh thc v chc nng. V d nh cc cm bin nhit l mt bin tr m
tr khng ca n thay i theo nhit mi trng.
3. Ngun in: Cung cp nng lng cho nt cm bin hot ng. Mt nt cm bin
khng dy bao gm nhiu thit b in t v cc thit b in t can nng lng.
V vy, mi nt cm bin can mt ngun cung cp nng lng. Ngy nay, cc
ngun nng l ng ph bi n l pin nhng trong mt s trng hp s dng cc t
bo nng lng mt tri, p in v cc hnh thc tch tr nng lng khc. Thit
b truyn thng: Cho php cc nt cm bin c th truyn thng vi nhau. Thit b
truyn thng thng l mt b thu pht v tuyn c kt ni vi mt anten.. Mt
b thu pht v tuy n c c hai chc nng l va pht v va nhn bn tin v
tuyn. N l thnh phn tiu th nng lng ngun nui ln nht. Nguyn nhn l
do yu c u x l iu ch v gii iu ch tn hiu v tuyn. i vi b thu pht

v tuyn cng sut thp th ch mt phn nh cng sut tiu th c s dng

gi tn hiu v tuyn. Thm na l thu pht ca cc nt xa t vi chc mt n vi
trm mt nhng c bc song ngn. VD: kho st thc t ti trng do thy phn
b mng vi a hnh nh ktx th thy rng vic tuyn ti d liu cng nh s hot
ng lien tc ca cc nt cm bin dn n mt s nt trung tm truyn ti ht pin
trc so vi cc nt khc. B vi iu khin: B vi iu khin iu khin cc hnh
vi hot ng ca nt cm bin. N l mt b vi x l nh trn chy cc chng
trnh phn mm ca nt cm bin v c kt ni vi b thu pht v tuyn v cc
cm bin. Vi iu khin l mt b vi x l c b nh trong, b nh thi v phn
cng kt ni vi cc thit b bn ngoi nh cc cm bin v b thu pht v
tuyn. Do hn ch ve gi thnh v nng lng nn cc vi iu khin c s dng
trong cc nt cm bin n gin hn nhiu so cc b vi x l c s dng trong
cc my tnh c nhn. Thng thng, mt b vi iu khin s dng trong nt cm
bin c vi KB b nh ca chip v hot ng tc xung nhp mt vi MHz. Vi
iu khin c hai loi b nh: B nh ch c (ROM) v b nh truy nhp ngu
nhin (RAM). ROM c s dng lu tr m chng trnh phan mm cn
RAM c s dng cho cc d liu tm thi ca chng trnh phan mm. cu 4:
Gii php thit k phn cng TUmote cho mng cm bin Modun TUmote c hai
tham s o nhit v m ca mi trng. s dng modun CC 2420EM, b vi
iu khin MSP430, b nh ngoi, kt ni m rng,c cng giao tip USB, v
ngun cung cp l s dng ngun pin hoc ly ngun t my tnh qua cng USB.
4. Vi iu khin MSP430 y l b vi iu khin rt tit kim nng lng ca hng
Texas Instruments. B vi iu khin MSP430 F1611 c 10KB b nh RAM,
48KB b nh Flash. B vi iu khin MSP430 F1611 c thit k cho nhng
ng dng tiu th nng lng thp v s dng c nhiu ch hot ng
khc nhau. TUmote c th tng thch d dng vi cc h iu hnh ph bin hin
nay nh TinyOS, Contiki. Vic ci t h iu hnh trn phan cng TUmote s
cho php lp trnh phan mm ng dng c thun tin v cc ti nguyn phan
cng trn nt cm bin cng c qun l mt cch hiu qu t tit ki m
c nng lng tiu th. B thu pht v tuyn CC2420 Chip CC2420 l mt chip
thu pht tn hiu v tuyn cng sut thp theo chun IEEE 802.15.4. Tuy nhin,
vic ch to mch in tan s 2,4 GHz l mt vn e kh khn i vi cng ngh
ch to mch in trong nc. nt cm bin TUmote s dng module thu pht v
tuyn CC2424EM ca hng Texas Instruments. Trn module ny c tch hp
sn chip CC2420. Cm bin nhit , m s dng cm bin SHT 11. Cm bin
ny c sn xut bi hng Sensirion AG. Cm bin ny cung cp d liu au ra
s. Cm bin c ch to theo quy trnh CMOS v c kt hp vi b chuyn
i A/D 14-bit. y l loi cm bin tiu th nng l ng thp v c kch thc
nh gn. Cm bin ny c th c s dng cho nhiu ng d ng gim st mi
trng. B nh ngoi B nh ngoi cho php TUmote tng kh nng lu tr
ngoi b nh ROM v RAM trn vi iu khin MSP430 F1611. TUmote s dng
b nh ST M25P80. B nh ny cha 1024kB cho d liu v c chia thnh 16
segments, mi segment c kch thc l 64kB. B nh ny chia s cc ng
truyn thng SPI vi b thu pht v tuyn CC2420. Ket ni m rng Cho php
TUmote kt ni vi cc cm bin tng t, mn hnh LCD v cc thit b ngoi vi
khc thng qua 18 chn kt ni m rng. Giao tip USB TUmote s dng

FT232BM ca hng FTDI truyn thng vi my tnh. e thc hin truyn

thng vi TUmote th FTDI driver can phi c ci t trn my tnh. Mt ng
dng c th truyn thng vi TUmote bng vic m cng COM c gn cho
TUmote.
5. TUmote truyn thng vi my tnh thng qua USART1 trn vi iu khin
MSP430. Vi c lp trnh cho TUmote c th thng qua giao tip USB hoc JTAG.
Ngun cung cp S dng hai pin AA c in p mt chiu nm trong di t 2,7V
n 3,6V. Ngun nui cng c th ly trc tip t my tnh khi nt cm bin c
kt ni vi my tnh. cu 5: Cng c phn mm iu khin thu thp d liu TU2C
Cng c phan mm TU2C (Thainguyen University Control and Collection) bao
gm hai thnh phan chnh l: Phan iu khin v phan thu thp d liu. Cng
c phan mm TU2C cho php ngi dng thc hin mt s chc nng sau: Cu
hnh mng: Thng qua giao din phan mm TU2C, ngi dng c th cu hnh
cc tham s mng nh s lan truyn li gi tin, tan sut gi gi tin. Lp trnh cho
nt cm bien: Cng c phan mm TU2C cho php pht hin t ng cc nt ang
c kt ni vi my tnh cng nh cho php ngi dng kt ni hoc ngt kt
ni gia cc nt cm bin vi my tnh. Chng trnh ng dng trn nt cm bin
c th c bin dch v np cho cc nt cm bin thng qua giao din phan mm
TU2C. iu khien cc nt cm bien: Ngi dng c th gi cc lnh iu khin
n cc nt m ng trong trng cm bin nh thit lp nt Sink, gi lnh bt au
thu thp d liu, dng thu thp d liu... La chn cc s liu thng k v v biu
: D liu nhit , m mi trng v cc thng s mng nh cng sut tiu
th trung bnh ca cc nt mng, s lan truyn k vng ETX, s gi tin nhn
c, s gi tin b mt... s c gi ve my tnh v c lu tr trong c s d
liu. Ngi dng c th la chn quan st cc th, cc s liu thng k ve
mng. Chng 3: h iu hnh cho mng cm bin khng dy cu 6: Nhng thch
thc nh hng n thit k h iu hnh mng cm bin khng dy Nhng thch
thc ch yu nh hng n vic thit k h iu hnh l: Dung lng nh: Vi
b nh b gii hn ch vi KB trn nt cm bin, i hi h iu hnh c thit
k vi dung lng rt nh. y l c im c bn ca h i u hnh mng cm
bin v cng l l do chnh m ti sao nhiu h iu hnh nhng khng th d
dng ci t trn nt cm bin. Hiu qu nng lng: Cc nt cm bin c thi
gian s dng ca pin rt hn ch. Mt khc, cc mng cm bin bo m mc tiu
l vn hnh t 3 n 5 nm. iu ny c ngha l, h iu hnh mng cm bin
c trin khai mt lan v c k hoch vn hnh trong mt thi gian di. H tr
thi gian thc: Hau ht cc ng dng cm bin nh phc v gim st thng nhy
cm vi thi gian. Trong cc ng dng , cc gi tin can c chuyn tip v
gi i mt cch kp thi, vn m bo thi gian thc l cn thit p ng
cho cc ng dng . Kh nng cu hnh li: L iu can thit cc nt cm bin
c th c lp trnh li sau khi mng cm bin khng dy c trin khai.
Kh nng cu hnh li h thng l
6. mt c im can thit ca h iu hnh gip cho mng cm bin c th c lp
trnh li d dng v hiu qu. Lp trnh c rt ngn thi gian: Cc ng dng
mng cm bin l khc nhau v ty theo yu cu. Do vy, s tin li cho lp trnh
l mt iu quan trng rt ngan thi gian trin khai cc ng dng mng cm
bin khng dy. Cc gi tin c chuyn i mt cch kp thi: cu 7: H iu

hnh contiki H iu hnh Contiki l mt m ngun m c lp trnh bng ngn

ng C v c nhng c im ph hp vi cc h thng nhng v mng cm bin
khng dy: Contiki c chia thnh nhieu module hot ng c lp. Nh
cc ng dng c th s dng cc module mt cch linh ng v ch np nhng
module can thit. C ch hot ng iu khin s kin lm gim nng lng tiu
hao v hn ch dung lng b nh can s dng. C th s dng IP trong mng
cm bin thng qua ulP stack c xy dng da trn nn TCP/IP. C nhng
module cho php c lng v qun l nng lng mt cch hiu qu. C ngn
xp truyn thng RIME phc v cc giao thc dnh cho mng nng lng thp
mt cch hiu qu. C h tr m phng gi lp cc thit b thc t, d s dng
v h tr tt nhng thit b trong thc t, phc v nhng mc ch nghin cu, m
phng v trin khai nhng giao thc mi. Contiki cung cp cc ng dng trn nen
IP gm c IPv4 v IPv6 thng qua 2 ngn x p truyn thng: uIP v Rime. Cc
ng dng c th hot ng trn mt trong hai giao thc uIP hoc Rime, hoc ng
thi trn c hai giao thc. Bn cnh , cc ng dng uIP c th hot ng da
trn Rime v ngc li, cc ng dng trn nen Rime cng c th hot ng da
trn nen uIP Ngn xp truyn thng trong h iu hnh Contiki.
7. S hoath ng ng dng trong contiki cu 8: Ngn xp truyn thng uIP Ngy
nay, cng vi s thnh cng ca Internet, giao thc TCP/IP tr thnh tiu
chun ton cu trong truyn thng. Nhng thit b nhng c kh nng p ng
c ay nhng c tnh ca TCP/IP s l nhng thit b c tnh u vit, c kh
nng giao tip mt cch ay vi tt c cc thit b khc trong mng. Tuy nhin,
s trin khai giao thc TCP/IP truyn thng i hi qu nhiu ti nguyn gm c
dung lng m v b nh s dng, khng th c p ng trong cc h thng
nhng 8 hoc 16 bit. ngn xp truyn thng uIP (hnh 3.8) c thit k vi mc
tiu ti u ha cc c tnh can thit cho mt ngn xp TCP/IP ay . uIP ch c
th hot ng vi mt giao di n mng duy nht v bao gm cc giao thc: IP,
ICMP, UDP, TCP. uIP c lp trnh bng ngn ng C bi Adam Dunkels - mt
thnh vin trong t chc nghin cu v pht trin Contiki. cu 9: Ngn xp truyn
thng RIME Ngn xp truyn thng RIME l mt cu trc phn tang giao thc
trong mng cm bin khng dy, t vic pht qung b n gin cho ti cc giao
thc nh tuyn phc tp hn trong mng. Ngn xp truyn thng RIME thc thi
cc giao thc phc tp vi nhiu thnh phn, mi phn li gm nhiu m un
c to nn t nhng m un nh l n gin hn. c im ca ngn xp
truyn thng RIME: Phn chia thnh nhiu m un kh n gin vi kch thc
nh.
8. Xy dng nhiu m un giao tip n gin: broadcast, unicast single hop.
nh tuyn multihop: mesh, collect. Cc chc nng phc tp c thc hin qua
cc phn lp n gin. S dng cc hm callback thc hin cc hm x l khi
nhn c gi tin, b nh thi ht hn, kt ni li... Ket ni phi c khi to
trc khi s dng. S dng mt b m gi cho tt c cc gi n v gi i
(hnh 3.10). Khi gi gi, cc ng dng lu gi vo b nh m v gi cc hm x
l lin quan gi gi i. Khi nhn c mt gi, gi nhn c c lu trong
b m gi, ng thi ngn xp RIME gi cc hm callback tng ng x l
gi au vo. cu 10: Cc thc o nh tuyn trong mng cm bin khng dy,
thch thc vi vn nh tuyn Thc nh tuyn Cc thc o nh tuyn

tuyn l thnh phn quan trng ca chin lc nh tuyn v c nghin cu

trong nhiu nm qua. Cc thc o lin kt c th phn nh c bng thng ca
lin kt, tr hoc c th l s kt hp ca mt vi thc o khc nhau. Giao
thc nh tuyn s tnh ton ng i ngan nht da trn cc thc o ny. Mt s
thc o nh tuyn c th c s dng trong mng cm bin khng dy nh:
tin cy ca lien kt: phn nh tin cy cho cc lien kt c th tn hao cng
nh nhng lin kt cng sut thp c phn nh qua cc php tnh nghin cu
khc nhau. Thng s dng nht l s ln truyn k vng ETX. tr: c s
dng thng bo tr tuyn ng. tr c th c s dng nh mt thc o
hoc mt rng buc. Khi c s dng nh mt thc o th i tng tr biu
din tng lng tr (thc o tng) v tr ln nht hay nh nht dc theo tuyn
ng. Khi c s dng nh mt rng buc th tr c th c s dng loi
b cc lin kt c tr ln hn mt gi tr cho tr c. S bc nhy: xc nh
c s bc nhy dc theo cc tuyn ng n nt gc. Nng luong ca nut:
y l mt thc o quan trng trong mng cm bin khng dy. Vi thng s
nh: ch tiu th nng lng ca nt, nng l ng cn d ca nt. Nhng
thch thc ca vn nh tuyn trong mng cm bin Thi gian tn ti d kin:
mt mng cm bin khng dy c th ko di t 1 n 10 nm ty thuc vo tng
ng dng. Ngun nng lng c tch tr ph thuc vo dung lng ca pin.
Cc nt cm bin khng dy c kch thc rt nh do vy ngun nng lng ca
chng b hn ch. Ngoi ra, mi nt cm bin thc hin ng thi hai chc nng
l: Chc nng khi to d liu v ch c nng nh tuyn d liu. Kh nng
m rng: . Giao thc nh tuyn can phi hot ng hiu qu trong cc mng ln
bao gm hng ngn cc nt cm bin. Vic nh tuy n trong cc
9. trng hp ny gp nhiu kh khn bi v cc nt cm bin c kh nng x l v
b nh lu tr rt hn ch. Kh nng lu tr v tnh ton: lm hn ch nhiu
n cc giao thc nh tuyn. Do , cc thut ton nh tuyn n gin, gn nh
can phi c nghin cu v pht trin cho cc mng cm bin khng dy. Thch
thc ny c th c gii quyt vi mt chi ph thp bang cch s dng mt s
nt c m bi n c kh nng lu tr ln hn v tc tnh ton nhanh hn. Cc
nt khng ng nht: Th nht l hon ton c th tng c hiu nng ca mng
thng qua vic trin khai mt s nt c nng lng, kh nng l u tr v tnh ton
tt hn cc nt cn li trong mng. Cc nt ny ng vai tr l cc nt ch cm
chuyn tip lu lng ca cc nt khc n nt gc. Th hai l s khc bit
gia cc nt cm bin c th pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca mng. nt c
kh nng tnh ton tt hn th c th chn lm nt gc, cn li lm nt thu thp d
liu. vic pht sinh d liu lm cc nt tr nn tn nng lng hn. S trin khai
cc nt mng: ph thuc vo ng dng ca th ca mng cm bin khng dy, qu
trnh trin khai ca cc nt mng c th l ngu nhin hoc t th cng, vic
trin khai trong mi trng c hi th c th phn b ngu nhin. Trng hp
phn b rng v mng ln th c th phn cp. Kh nng chu li: cc thut ton
nh tuyn cn phi thit lp nhng tuyn ng d phng hoc xy dng tuyn
ng khc trong truowngfhowpj nt b li. Phm vi truyn thng: theo chun
802.15.4. Cc nt cm bin c th thay i cng sut pht tng phm vi truyn
nhng cng vi l s tiu hao nhiu ve ngun nng lng. Vic gi cc bn tin
vi cng sut pht hn ch, qua mt khong cch ngan c th ko di thi gian

tn ti ca mt nt mng nhng cng lm tng tr truyn bn tin. Ngc li, khi

phm vi truyn thng c m rng th tng nng lng c s dng cho vic
x l cc bn tin ti cc nt trung gian s gim nhng nhiu trong mng cng c
th xut hin nhiu hn. Cht lng dch v QoS: c trng cho cc yu cu
dch v can c p ng khi vn chuyn mt lung bn tin t ngun n ch.
Tuy nhin, nhng yu cu rng buc ve cht lng dch v trong cc ng dng
mng cm bin khng dy c th rt khc so vi cc mng truyn thng. Vn
di ng: c th gp phi trong mt s ng dng ca mng cm bin khng dy.
Cc nt cm bin c th c nh hoc di ng do vic nh tuyn cc bn tin
tr nn phc tp hn. Ngoi ra, trong mt s trng hp cc nt gc c th di
chuyn v iu ny cng can phi tnh n khi thit k cc m hnh nh tuyn.
cu 11: nh tuyn da trn s phn cm? Vd? Mt s giao thc c thit k
da trn cch tip cn phn cm nh: LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering
Hierarchy), PEGASIS (Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System),
TEEN (Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network). Giao thc
LEACH l Mt s giao thc c thit k da trn cch tip cn phn cm nh:
LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), PEGASIS (PowerEfficient Gathering in Sensor Information System), TEEN (Threshold sensitive
Energy Efficient sensor Network).
10. Giao thc PEGASIS l giao thc da trn chui gan nh ti u v l mt s c i
tin hn so vi giao thc LEACH. Trong giao thc PEGASIS, ti mt thi im
th mi nt truyn thng vi ch mt nt ln cn v thay phin nhau truy n thng
vi nt gc. Sau khi tt c cc nt truyn thng vi nt gc th mt vng chu
trnh mi li bt au. Cch tip cn ny tit kim nng lng tiu th t i mi
vng chu trnh. Giao thc TEEN xy dng cc cm cng gan ging nh giao
thc LEACH. N xc nh hai ngng l mt ngng cng v mt ngng
mm. Sau khi cm nhn c gi tr mi khc so vi gi tr hin ti v ln hn
hoc bng ngng mm hoc gi tr mi cm nhn ln hn ngng cng th cc
nt s gi d liu n nt ch cm chuyn tip n nt gc. u im ca cch
tip cn phn cm l nhng giao thc ny c kh nng m rng mng v d dng
trong vic qun l cc tuyn ng. Vn e gp phi i v i cc giao thc nh
tuyn ny l chng c thit k cho cc mng tnh v khng th x l i vi
van e di ng trong mng. Trong cc kch bn di ng, cc nt ch cm cng s
di chuyn. Do vy, n can phi thng xuyn tnh ton nt ch cm khi chng di
chuyn ra ngoi phm vi truyn thng ca nhm. Hau ht cc giao thc c thit
k da trn cc gi thit ca giao thc LEACH nn cng gp phi nhng nhc
im tng t nh giao thc LEACH. Cc giao thc ny cng khng thch hp
vi cc ng dng i hi chnh xc ve thi gian bi v can phi mt thi gian
tnh ton cc nt ch cm.