OSPF

1
22

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Ahmed_it@windowslive.com
-:
muslimtech.wordpress.com

-1
OSPF -2
Link-State Routing Protocols -3
OSPF Terminology -4
OSPF Metric -5
LSA Operation -6
OSPF Packet Types -7
OSPF Network Types -8
Neighbor Adjacencies -9
Configuring OSPF Routing -10
Configuration OSPF on NBMA Networks -11
3
-1
) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF Routing Protocol
) Internet Protocol (IP IGP IETF
1988 IGP ) Shortest Path First (SPF
OSPF ) Routing Information Protocol (RIP

SPF the Dijkstra algorithm

OSPF -2
Open Standard Protocol -1

OSPF is not a Cisco-proprietary protocol -2
Cisco

O routing table -3
OSPF is transport layer protocols-4
Layer 4
Administrative Distance = 110 -5
VLSM support -6
classless routing protocol
Load balancing-7
by default of 4 paths and maximum of 6 paths Traffic
Support Hierarchical design- 8
area Area Autonomous System
Update
Updates is sent on multicast (224.0.0.5 or 224.0.0.6 / unicast addresses) -9
periodic updates & triggered updates
triggered updates
refresh 30 min link-state refresh periodic updates
Topology table ( Link-state Data base)
IP protocol -10
AppleTalk IPX
Ospf Use SPF Algorithm To Choose The best Path to any Destination -11
OSPF is Classless Protocol (VLSM) -12
Ripv1 Route information Subnet mask
Link-State Routing Protocols -3

5
Ospf Link-State Routing Protocol

distance-vector
Link-State Routing
) (triggered updates ) (periodic updates 30 min Refresh link-state advertisement
) (LSA Neighbors multicast address LSA
Area Area

LSA Area link-state
) database (LSDB LSA 0x8000 0001 0x7FFF FFFF
) link-state database (LSDB
show ip ospf database
Area Area
Distance vector neighbor
Eigrp neighbor Routing table
SPF

LSA Link-state Database

SPF Destination
SPF Tree .Routing table
Link state protocols Bandwidth

Distance vector protocols
RIP
Rip Hope count 64k

ospf
7
T3
OSPF Terminology -4
OSPF topology
OSPF neighbor table = adjacency database-1
Neighbors ospf

#show ip ospf neighbors
Neighbor 60
OSPF topology table = OSPF topology database = LSDB-2
Destination
LSA LSDB
) (OSPF topology table
Area LSA LSDB
#show ip ospf database
Routing table (forwarding database)-3
Destination
]#show ip route [ospf
OSPF Area Structure

OSPF Router
SPF

!!
8
Update

Area
: Transit area -1 IP Packets Area
Area Area Area0 Backbone Area
: Regular area or nonbackbone area-2
Area Regular area Transit area Area
Area
nonbackbone area Area 0
LSA Area

Area
:
Area Autonomous System
OSPF Router Types

OSPF
: Internal routers-1 interfaces Area

: Backbone routers-2 interface Backbone Area
: Area border routers-3 Area Summarization
: Autonomous System Boundary Routers-4 (Autonomous System
( Network Information Ospf route
redistribution BSCI
OSPF Metric -5
Metric OSPF EIGRP
cost Destination
1 65535 Cost
)cost= 10000 0000/bandwith in bps(in interface

Cost= 108/BW of interface

Cost interface
ip ospf cost
10
Ethernet =10MB

Bit
Cost=10000 0000/10000 000=10

MB 1000000 108 MB
100000000/1000000=100
Cost=100/10=10
Cost = 10
SPF
Topology Table X
Destination ) Ethernet (10MB
Cost=10 SPF Destination
Cost F-G-H Routing Table
: Cost Cost
Cost X&H X-C-E-H 10+10+10=30
: Cost 0
11
RA 128.5.2.1
RA-RB-RE-128.5.2.1
Cost=10+10+15=35
RA-RC-RD-128.5.2.1
Cost=5+15+64=84
Cost
Default Cost List
LSA Operation -6
LSA LSA Database
Sequencing, Checksums, and Aging
: Sequencing-1 32Bit 0x80000001 0x7fffffff LSA
sequence number LSA Sequence number
LSA Seq Num 0x7fffffff flush
Old LSA Age ) MaxAge
( Area LSA MaxAge
LSA Seq Num 0x80000001
12
:checksum-2 Checksum LSA Age
:Age-3 LSA 0 3600) 3600 ( LSA

Age 0 ) (flooding 3600 LSA
flushed LSA MaxAge refresh
LSA link-state refresh 30 Refresh LSA
30min LSA
LSA

)(Process ID 1
Link Count
2
3
8
3
Checksum
0xA94E
0x8D53
0x523
0x94DD
Seq#
0x80000F29
0x80000F55
0x800011CA
0x80000AF4
Manet#show ip ospf database

)OSPF Router with ID (192.168.30.43
)Router Link States (Area 3
Link ID
ADV Router
Age
192.168.30.13 192.168.30.13 910
192.168.30.23 192.168.30.23 1334
192.168.30.30 192.168.30.30 327
192.168.30.33 192.168.30.33 70
Multiple instances of the same LSA

Link-State Update (LSU) packet LSU LSA LSAs

-1 LSA LSDB LSDB link-state
) acknowledgment (LSAck SPF LSA
split-horizon
-2 LSA LSDB Seq Num Seq Num
LSA LSAck SPF
LSA
-3 Seq Num LSU LSA
LSA Seq Num LSA
OSPF Packet Types -7
13
OSPF Packet Header Format

ospf Packet

:Version Number 2, 3 IPv6
:Type Packet
:Packet length Packet
:Router ID Router ID
Area 32Bit ipv4
14
-1 > (config-if)# router-id <ip address !!!!

-2 loopback ip address loopback interface
!!!!!loopback interface
-3 ip physical interface
:Area ID Area packet
:Checksum Ospf Packet
:Authentication type clear Text MD5
:Authentication Authentication
:Data
:hello packet
:DBD packet LSDB Router_id
:LSR packet LSU
:LSU packet LSA
:LSAck packet
OSPF Network Types -8

OSPF
Point-to-point networks
HDLC & PPP DR or

BDR Hello Packet ip multicast 224.0.0.5

T1, DS-3, : SONET link
Broadcast Multiaccess (BMA) networks
Broadcast Multicast DR , BDR

BMA
15
Hello Packet IP Multicast 224.0.0.5

Other OSPF Packet IP Multicast 224.0.0.6
Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI Ethernet
Nonbroadcast Multiaccess (NBMA) networks
Broadcast
Configuration Router Neighbors OSPF packets unicast
X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM :
)Designated Routers (DR)& Backup Designated Routers(BDR

Multi-access LSA
LSA LSA
16
A D,B,C,E
B A,D,C,E
C A,B,D,E
D A, B,C,E
E A,B,C,D
!!!!!
) Update(LSA
interface LSA DR
DR BDR
Hello Packet DR BDR Area
17
DR&BDR

-1 interface priority DR BDR
Priority
Priority 8-bit Range 0 255 interfaces Cisco
priority by Default=1 ip ospf priority interface
multi-access

(a priority 0 interface DR BDR
(b interface DR interfaces DR
DR interface Topology
-2 interfaces Default=1
Router ID DR BDR Router ID OSPF Packet Types
-3 DR&BDR Router Priority
DR&BDR!!!!
!! DR BDR
BDR
-4 BDR DR wait timer
RouterDeadInterval
18
Neighbor Adjacencies -9
OSPF
OSPF interface Ospf Hello Packet
Multicast 224.0.0.5
Hello Packet EIGRP

Eigrp Hello Packet
Packet
Area ID &Router ID
:Hello and dead intervals
:Hello interval Hello Packet
ip ospf hello-interval
:The dead interval Packet
) (declaring neighbor Table Hello Interval
ip ospf dead-interval
by Default
the default hello interval is 10 seconds :On broadcast OSPF networks
The default dead interval is 40 seconds
the default hello interval is 30 seconds :On nonbroadcast networks
The default dead interval is 120 seconds
:Neighbors
:Router Priority Router Priority interface
:DR IP Address DR ip
:Authentication Password Password
19
:Stub Area Flag Area interface Backbone Area

Areas
Neighbors OSPF
-1 area ID.
-2 hello & dead intervals.
-3 authentication password
-4 Stub area flag.
Exchanging and Synchronizing LSDBs

OSPF

Interface Down , init , Two-Way

:Down Hello Packet
Hello Packet BMA Point to point Multicast 224.0.0.5
NBMA Unicast Unicast
:Init directly connected Hello Packet A
:2-Way A Hello Packet ) (directly connected
neighbor table
BMA DR BDR
Hello Packet
20
Discovering the Network Routes

DR BDR BMA

Exstart State Master Slave
DBD Packet
Master Router ID DR
BMA DR,BDR

Exchange State Master Master LSDB
Slave Slave LSDB Master
21
DBD Packet
LSAck DBD Packet Loading State
LSDB LSDB LSR
LSA
DR LSU Packet LSA LSA LSDB
Full State
: Full State Traffic
Full State LSDB
Maintaining Routing Information

OSPF
A Down
22

-1 A LSU Packet LSA IP Multicast 224.0.0.6
DR&BDR LSU LSAs
-2 Ack DR (Flooding LSU) LSU
DR 224.0.0.5
-3 LSU LSAck Packet DR
-4 B LSU
-5 LSU LSDB SPF
Configuring OSPF Routing -10

Configuring Basic OSPF Routing
>(config)# router ospf <process id
1-65535=Process id
)(Just in local Router
(config-router)# network ip-address wildcard-mask area area-id
: network ip-address interface OSPF
:wildcard-mask Net mask Bits Wildcard 0 Bits
Hosts 1
Network ID = 172.16.0.0
Netmask = 255.255.0.0
Wildcard mask = 0.0.255.255
Netmask by bits = 11111111.11111111.00000000. 00000000
Wildcard Mask = 00000000.00000000.11111111.11111111
: area-id Area Area 0 Backbone

interface ospf
Router(config-if)# ip ospf process-id area area-id
Configuring a Router ID
R ID Configuration
RID Loopback interface Physical interface
>(config-router)# router-id <ip address
loopback interface
(config)# int loopback 0
(config-if)# ip address ip mask
Router#clear ip ospf process
RID
: router priority
(config)# int e0/0
>(config-if)# ip ospf priority <no.
Cost
23
1- (config-if)# ip ospf cost <no.>

2- (config-if)# bandwidth <no. in kbps>
3- (config-router)# ospf auto-cost reference-bandwidth <no.>

(config-router)# timer spf <spf delay time> <spf hold time>
(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval <no. in sec>
(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval <no. in sec>
Destination
(config-router)# maximum-paths <no.>
Show commands
:show ip protocols
OSPF :show ip route ospf
OSPF interface :show ip ospf interface
LSA OSPF Timer Router Id :show ip ospf

Neighbor :show ip ospf neighbor
24
show ip ospf neighbor detail
: debug ip ospf events OSPF
* Router#clear ip route
Routing Table
Router#clear ip route A.B.C.D

25
OSPF Router Authentication

OSPF Authentication
Clear Text-1
MD5 :MD5-2

Configuring OSPF Password Authentication
Clear text password
Router(config-if)# ip ospf authentication-key password
MD5 password
Router(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key key-id md5 key
255 1 :key-id
16 byte Alphanumeric :Key
Authentication
Clear txt
Router(config-if)# ip ospf authentication
MD5
Router(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest
Authentication
Router(config-if)#ip ospf authentication null
Area
Router(config-router)# area area-id authentication [message-digest]
Troubleshooting Simple Password Authentication

debug ip ospf adj Troubleshooting
Successful Simple Password Authentication Example
26
Auth
Null Type 0
Simple password Type 1
MD5 Type 2

Verifying MD5 Authentication
Neighbor table Neighbor
show ip ospf neighbor
Successful MD5 Authentication Example
27
Key
Configuration OSPF on NBMA Networks -11

Point-to-point networks
Broadcast Multiaccess (BMA) networks
Nonbroadcast Multiaccess (NBMA) networks
28
Point To Point BMA Configuration

NBMA
Unicast
(X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM) : NBMA
Frame Relay

Star Topology hub-and-spoke

Full-mesh topology
Partial-mesh topology Full-mesh topology

Configuration
Configuration NBMA Neighbors DR
configuring OSPF on this NBMA network
Topology
Full-mesh topology
Subnet
Subnet
Hello Timer
30 Sec
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
29
) Manual(
RFC
Configuration
Rembrandt's configuration.
interface Serial0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay map ip 172.16.2.2 100
frame-realy map ip 172.16.2.3 300
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
neighbor 172.16.2.2
neighbor 172.16.2.3
neighbor 172.16.2.4
Hals's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
neighbor 172.16.2.1 priority 10
Vandyck's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

interface Serial0
30
ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0

!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 are a 0
Brueghel's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.4 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
DR DR Priority
DR Priority 10 172.16.2.1
configured as an OSPF broadcast network
Full-mesh topology
Topology
Subnet
Subnet
10 Sec
Hello Timer
( )Automatic
Cisco
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
Configuration
31
Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network broadcast
ip ospf priority 10
frame-relay map ip 172.16.2.2 100 broadcast
frame-realy map ip 172.16.2.3 300 broadcast
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf priority 0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0
ip ospf priority 0
32
frame-relay map ip
frame-relay map ip
frame-relay map ip
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0
172.16.2.1 400 broadcast

172.16.2.2 400 broadcast
172.16.2.4 400 broadcast
0.0.255.255 area 0
Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.4 255.255.255.0
ip ospf priority 0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Priority 10 DR BMA NBMA

Cisco Configuration
configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.
Partial-mesh Or Star topology
Topology
Subnet
Subnet
30 Sec
Hello Timer
BDR DR
RFC
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
Configuration
33
Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

interface Serial0
34
ip address 172.16.2.4 255.255.255.0

!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Point PVCs Point To Point NBMA

BDR DR To Point
configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.
Topology
Subnet
Subnet
30 Sec
Hello Timer
BDR DR
Cisco
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
Configuration
Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
map-group Leiden
frame-relay lmi-type q933a
35
frame-relay svc
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
neighbor 172.16.2.2 cost 30
Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
map-group Haarlem
frame-relay svc
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0
map-group Antwerp
frame-relay svc
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.4 255.255.255.0
map-group Brussels
frame-relay svc
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Unicast Multicast OSPF Packet

manually configured Neighbor
36
configured with point-to-point subinterfaces
Topology

Subinterface
Subnet
10 Sec
Hello Timer
BDR DR
Cisco
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
Configuration
Rembrandt is configured with point-to-point subinterfaces.

interface Serial0
no ip address
interface Serial0.100 point-to-point
description -------------------------- to Hals
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.252
frame-relay interface-dlci 100
description -------------------------- to Vandyck
ip address 172.16.2.5 255.255.255.252
description -------------------------- to Brueghels
ip address 172.16.2.9 255.255.255.252
37

!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Hals is configured with point-to-point subinterfaces.

interface Serial0
no ip address
interface Serial0.600
description --------------------------- to Rembrandt
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Vandyck is configured with point-to-point subinterfaces.

interface Serial0
no ip address
description ---------------------------- to Rembrandt
ip address 172.16.2.6 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Brueghel is configured with point-to-point subinterfaces.

interface Serial0
no ip address
description ---------------------------- to Rembrandt
ip address 172.16.2.10 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
point to point sub Sub interface interface

ppp and hdlc wan fastethernet point to point b
38

Multiarea OSPF Operation-1
OSPF Router Types-2
LSA Type-3
OSPF Area Types-4
Virtual Links-5
Route Summarization-6
39
Single Area OSPF

Area
Multiarea OSPF Operation-1

OSPF Multiarea Area
Router OSPF Topology Data Base
OSPF LSDB
SPF Destination LSA
Area

Area
40
Single Area
:Frequent SPF algorithm calculations

SPF
:Large routing table
Routing Table OSPF
Summarization area
:Large LSDB
LSDB Topology

Area Routing Table LSDB
OSPF Router Types-2

OSPF
41
: Internal routers-1 interfaces Area

: Backbone routers-2 interface Backbone Area
: Area border routers(ABR)-3 Area area0
area Summarization
: Autonomous System Boundary Routers(ASBR)-4
INTERFACES )Autonomous System (
OSPF Non OSPF network
Network Information Ospf
route redistribution BSCI
LSA Type-3
LSA LSA
DR Router LSA External AS
11 LSA
42
LSA
Router LSA Type 1
LSA LSA Type 1

LSA interface

43
192.168.30.10 ID LSA Type 1

LSA
Homer#show ip ospf database router 192.168.30.10
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.30.50) (Process ID 1)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 680
Options: (No TOS-capability)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 192.168.30.10
Advertising Router: 192.168.30.10
LS Seq Number: 80001428
Checksum: 0x842A
Length: 60
Area Border Router
Number of Links: 3
Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 192.168.30.80
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.17.9
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.168.17.8
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.248
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Transit Network
(Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.17.18
TOS 0 Metrics: 10
44

LSA LSA
interface
LSA LSA

LS age: 680
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 192.168.30.10
Checksum: 0x842A
Length: 60
Area Border Router
Number of Links: 3
LSA
LSA
internal Router Area Border Router
LSA RID
Link State ID
LSA RID LSA Type1
LSA
Number of Links: 3

TOS 0 Metrics: 64
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
TOS 0 Metrics: 10

45
point-to-point ID
LSA
interface LSA

Stub Network
Subnet Network mask

interface BMA NBMA
link ID ip Address DR
interface LSA

Metrics: 64
Metrics: 64
Metrics: 10
Cost
LSA Type 1
-1 interfaces
- 2 Router ID LSA
-3 interface
-4 ip Address interfaces Stub Network
-5 Area Area ABR
-6 interface LSA
Seq
O
- 7 O 172.16.54.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.32.2, 3d10h, Ethernet1 Routing Table
Network LSA Type 2
DR LSA
46
Homer#show ip ospf database network 192.168.17.18

Net Link States (Area 0)
LS age: 244
LS Type: Network Links
Link State ID: 192.168.17.18 (address of Designated Router)
LS Seq Number: 800001BF
Checksum: 0x60AC
Length: 32
Network Mask: /29
Attached Router: 192.168.30.20
DR interface RID Link State ID

NBMA BMA
RID RID
Network Mask: /29 Net mask
LSA Type 2
Transit Network -1
net mask -2
ABR Area Area -3
47
- 4 O 172.16.54.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.32.2, 3d10h, Ethernet1 Routing Table
Network Summary LSA Type 3
ABR LSA
Area ABR Area

ABR
ABR network ID netmask LSA Type 3 Area
Cost Network Id
ABR LSA Type 3
Summarization LSA LSA Type3 Cost
Cost
Summarization By Default OSPF
Summarization
LSA Type 3
Homer#show ip ospf database summary 172.16.121.0

)OSPF Router with ID (192.168.30.50) (Process ID 1
)Summary Net Link States (Area 0
48

LS age: 214
)Options: (No TOS-capability
)LS Type: Summary Links(Network
)Link State ID: 172.16.121.0 (summary Network Number
LS Seq Number: 800000B1
Checksum: 0xE864
Length: 28
Network Mask: /24
TOS: 0 Metric: 791
Link State ID ABR

ADV Router RID ABR
Type 3
-1 Area ABR
-2 LSA Type 3 SPF Cost
ABR Cost LSA 3 Routing Table
-3 Autonomous System Area
By Default -4 Summarization
-5 O IA Routing Table
172.16.30.54/32 [110/1061] via 192.168.17.74, 02:15:21, Ethernet0
O IA
Summary LSA Type 4
LSA ABR ABR ASBR ABR

ABR Area AS ASBR
LSA ASBR ABR Area Area
ASBR
49
Homer#show ip ospf database asbr-summary

Summary ASB Link States (Area 0)
LS age: 1640
LS Type: Summary Links (AS Boundary Router)
Link State ID: 192.168.30.12 (AS Boundary Router address)
Checksum: 0xF450
Length: 28
Network Mask: /0
TOS: 0 Metric: 64

ASBR RID Link ID
LSA ABR RID ADV Router
ASBR .... NET Mask 0.0.0.0
LSA Type 4
Area ASBR Area -1
ASBR Area ABR -2
AS Regenerated AS ABRs -3
ASBR RID LSA Type 4 -4
Routing Table O IA -5
O IA
172.16.30.54/32 [110/1061] via 192.168.17.74, 02:15:21, Ethernet0
External LSA Type 5
50
AS Destination ASBRs LSA

Default Route

Homer#show ip ospf database external 10.83.10.0

AS External Link States
LS age: 1680
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 10.83.10.0 (External Network Number)
LS Seq Number: 80000D5A
Checksum: 0x7A1C
Length: 36
51
Network Mask: /24

)Metric Type: 1 (Comparable directly to link state metric
TOS: 0
Metric: 10
Forward Address: 172.20.57.254
External Route Tag: 0
Link State ID
ADV Router RID ASBR
Net Mask
Forward Address 0.0.0.0 Data ASBR
interface Segment ASBR
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
ASBR LSA
OSPF AS Default Route
AS
ADV Router ID ASBR LSA AS
Summarizing By Default
LSA Type 4 ASBR AS
O E1 , O E2 Routing Table
O E1 192.168.119.0/24 [110/94] via 192.168.17.74, 02:15:01, Ethernet0
O E2 172.19.0.0/16 [110/21] via 192.168.32.2, 02:15:01, Ethernet1

E1 E2
E2 Cost ASBR Cost ASBR
E1 Cost
by Default E2 Cost Cost
ASBR Destination E1
ASBR Destination E1
E1
E2
52
Autonomous System AS

Type 6
Multicast Ospf LSA

Type 7
ASBR NSSAs Not-so-Stubby Area
LSA Type 5 Not-so-Stubby Are Flood LSA
LSA Type 5 Area
Type 8
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). OSPF internetworking LSA
Types 9, 10, and 11
OSPF The opaque LSAs
MPLS MPLS
CCIP
LSA LSDB
Homer#show ip ospf database
Link ID
192.168.30.10
192.168.30.20
192.168.30.70
192.168.30.80
ADV Router
192.168.30.10
192.168.30.20
192.168.30.70
192.168.30.80
Age
1010
677
857
1010
Seq#
0x80001416
0x800013C9
0x80001448
0x800014D1
Checksum
0xA818
0xDE18
0xFD79
0xEB5C
Link count
3
3
3
5
Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID
192.168.17.18
192.168.17.34
192.168.17.58
192.168.17.73
ADV Router
192.168.30.20
192.168.30.60
192.168.30.40
192.168.30.70
Age
677
695
579
857
Seq#
0x800001AD
0x800003E2
0x8000113C
0x8000044F
Checksum
0x849A
0x4619
0xF0D
0xB0E7
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID
172.16.121.0
172.16.121.0
10.63.65.0
10.63.65.0
ADV Router
192.168.30.60
192.168.30.70
192.168.30.10
192.168.30.80
Age
421
656
983
962
Seq#
0x8000009F
0x8000037F
0x80000004
0x80000004
Checksum
0xD52
0x86A
0x1EAA
0x780A
53
Link ID
192.168.30.12
192.168.30.12
172.20.57.254
172.20.57.254
ADV Router
192.168.30.20
192.168.30.30
192.168.30.70
192.168.30.80
Age
584
56
664
963
Seq#
0x80000005
0x80000004
0x800000CE
0x80000295
Checksum
0xFC4C
0x45BA
0xF2CF
0x23CC

Link ID
192.168.30.14
192.168.30.24
192.168.30.50
192.168.30.54
ADV Router
192.168.30.14
192.168.30.24
192.168.30.50
192.168.30.54
Age
311
685
116
1213
Seq#
0x80000EA5
0x80001333
0x80001056
0x80000D1F
Checksum
0x93A0
0x6F56
0x42BF
0x3385
Link count
7
6
2
2
Summary Net Link States (Area 4)

Link ID
172.16.121.0
172.16.121.0
10.63.65.0
10.63.65.0
ADV Router
192.168.30.40
192.168.30.50
192.168.30.40
192.168.30.50
Age
1231
34
1240
42
Seq#
0x80000D88
0x800003F4
0x80000003
0x80000005
Checksum
0x73BF
0xF90D
0x5110
0x1144

Link ID
192.168.30.12
192.168.30.12
172.20.57.254
172.20.57.254
ADV Router
192.168.30.40
192.168.30.50
192.168.30.40
192.168.30.50
Age
1240
42
1241
43
Seq#
0x80000006
0x80000008
0x8000029B
0x800002A8
Checksum
0x6980
0xC423
0xEED8
0x9818
AS External Link States

Link ID
10.83.10.0
10.1.27.0
10.22.85.0
10.22.85.0
ADV Router
192.168.30.60
192.168.30.62
192.168.30.70
192.168.30.80
Age
459
785
902
1056
Seq#
0x80000D49
0x800000EB
0x8000037D
0x800001F7
Checksum
0x9C0B
0xB5CE
0x1EC0
0x6B4B
Tag
0
0
65502
65502
Configuring OSPF LSDB Overload Protection

LSA( misconfigured)
LSA Process

54
]Router (config-router)# max-lsa maximum-number [threshold-percentage

][warningonly][ignore-time minutes] [ignore-count count-number] [reset-time minutes

LSA LSDB maximum-number
LSA
threshold-percentag Default %75
LSA
ignore state adjacencies
LSDB OSPF Packet
] [ignore-time minutes
Ignore State
][ignore-count count-number
Warningonly threshold-percentage
LSA OSPF ignore state by
Default
By Default
Threshold-percentage: 75 percent
Warning-only warning message: disabled
Ignore-time minutes: 5 minutes
Ignore-count count-number: 5 times
Reset-time minutes: 10 minutes
Changing the Cost Metric

Cost
Cost
Cost= 108/BW of interface
55
108 100Mbps interface Fast Ethernet

100mps Cost 1 Fast Ethernet
1 Cost Feth gigabit Ethernet
100mbps
Cost Cost= 108/BW

auto-cost reference-bandwidth mbps
Router configuration
Rate in Mbps (bandwidth). The range is from 1 to 4294967; the
default is 100
Cost
Cost ip ospf cost interface-cost interface
Cost
OSPF Area Types-4

LSA Area
OSPF Area
LSA Type
: LSA 1,2,3,4,5 Type 7
Area
Areas
:Standard area-1 by Default LSA link updates, route
summaries, external routes
:Backbone area (transit area)-2 Area 0 LSA Area
Standard area
:Stub Area-3 Area Area ASBR
Area0
Area (Type5) AS External LSAs Type 4
AS ASBR
56
AS
:
ABR Stub area Type5 Drop
LSA Stub Area LSAType 3 Default Route 0.0.0.0
Stub area Routing Table
ABR
Stub Area
-1 Stub Area ASBR
-2 Stub Area ABR Default Route
ABR ASBR
-3 Configure Virtual links Stub area Virtual links.
-4 Configuration Stub Area
-5 LSA 5.4
Configuring Stub Area
Configuration OSPF
Area
area area-id stub
57
Area 2
ABR Default Route Cost by Default =1
router ospf 20
network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
area 1 stub
area 1 default-cost 20
:Totally Stubby Areas-4 Sub area Stub Area ABR

AS Default Route Totally Stubby Areas
Area Default Route Area
The totally stubby area is a Cisco proprietary :

ABR LSA 3,4 LSA Type 3 LSA Default
route Area Destination Area
Default Route
58
Configuration
Configuration Stub area
ABR no-summary ABR
router ospf 20
network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
area 1 stub no-summary

( NSSA)Not-So-Stubby Areas-5
Stub Area Not-So-Stubby Areas
NSSA
:
Area0 Area2 Stub area Area2 Rip
Rip
Stub area .Not-So-Stubby Areas
Stub ASBR Area ASBR
ASBR Redistribution Area LSA Type 5 LSA Type 7
LSA NSSA LSA Type 7 Type 5
ASBR Type 7 LSA ABR LSA Type7 Area0
LSA Type 5 Area0
Stub Area ASBR RIP Not-So-
Stubby Areas
59
LSA Type 7 Routing Table O N2 N1 , O N1 Metric E1

, Type 5 N2 Metric E2 Type 5
Default E2
Configuring Not-So-Stubby Areas

area area-id nssa
Stub area
area area-id stub
router ospf 40
network 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 area 2
network 192.168.10.33 0.0.0.0 area 2
area 2 nssa
ABR

NSSA Stub Area
Type 5
default-information-originate Type 7 Default Route
O *N2 0.0.0.0/0
Area 2 stub default-information-originate

ABR ASBR
Totally Stubby Areas

no-summary
60
Area 2 stub no-summary

default-information-originate no-summary
Default Route O *N2

[[area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate [metric] [metric-type
][no-summary
redistribution NSSA Area

N1 N2
NSSA totally stubby configuration
LSA Type Areas
]*[
Type3 ABR Default Route
Routing Tables Stub

Routing Table Routing Table Standard
Area Stub Area Totally Stubby
Totally Stubby Default Route
Area
Sh ip ospf
Show ip ospf Database
Show ip ospf Database nssa-external
LSA 7
Show ip route
Area
Hello packet Flag Area Area

area area-id stub
61
Virtual Links-5
Virtual Links
Area 0 Area
Area0 Area
Area 0 Stub Area
Hello packet unicast multicast neighbor
Configuring Virtual Links

area area-id virtual-link router-id
:area-id Area Virtual Links

: router-id ID Neighbor
: Virtual Links ABRs
62
packet Hello
63
64
Virtual Link Area 0 Hiroshige Hokusai

Sesshiu Okyo Area 0
Sesshiu Okyo Hiroshige Hokusai
Hokusai's virtual link configuration.

router ospf 10
network 192.168.100.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 192.168.100.29 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 192.168.100.21 0.0.0.0 area 100
area 100 virtual-link 192.168.100.33
Hiroshige's virtual link configuration.

router ospf 10
network 192.168.100.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 192.168.100.33 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 192.168.100.25 0.0.0.0 area 100
area 100 virtual-link 192.168.100.29
Virtual Link
Hokusai#show ip ospf virtual-link
Virtual Link OSPF_VL1 to router 192.168.100.33 is up
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA not allowed (Number of DCbitless LSA is 2).
Transit area 100, via interface Serial0, Cost of using 128
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:00
Adjacency State FULL (Hello suppressed)
Hokusai#
Route Summarization-6
LSA Type 3,5
Summarization
Processor Ram LSDB
OSPF By Default Summarization
OSPF Summarization
Interarea route summarization
LSA Area Backbone Area ABR
Type 3
LSA ABR route summarization
65
OSPF Route Summarization ABR , LSA

LSA Type 3 Subnet mask Network ID Area
Summarization
R B Summarization 2 Lsa Type 3 12 LSA

Type3
Configuration Summarization on an ABR
Summarization ABR
ABR
]area area-id range ip-address ip-address-mask [advertise | not-advertise] [cost cost
area area-id Area ABR Summarization
range ip-address ip-address-mask ip Area
172.16.8.0 255.255.248.0
:advertise | not-advertise
advertise By Default ABR Range
Summarization Area
not-advertise ABR range
: cost cost Cost range LSA Type 3 by Default
Cost

66
Bsci
summarization ABR Area
R1
area 0 range 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
Area1 Summarization
, Area 0 Range
Subneting
Area 0 172.16.96.0 to 172.16.127.0

172.16.01100000.00000000
172.16.01111111.00000000
172.16.011
Bit Net id
Network id =172.16.01100000.00000000
Netmask
Netmask=11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
255.255.224.0
area 1 range 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
Area0 Summarization , Area 1

Range
Area 1 172.16.32.0 to 172.16.63.0

172.16.00100000.00000000
172.16.00111111.00000000
172.16.001
67
Bit Net id
Network id =172.16.00100000.00000000
Netmask
Netmask=11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
255.255.224.0
R2
ABR
ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0 Null0
Null0 EIGRP
Summarization Areas
OSPF AS
External Route Summarization on an ASBR
Summarization external routes ASBR
) (LSA Type5 ASBR LSA Type 5 LSA
Range Summary
ASBR
OSPF
]summary-address ip-address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag
redistributed RIP , redistributed

redistributed
68

-1
-2 OSPF v3 IPv6 IPv6

-3

3/11/2008
Ahmed Omar
69

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1

Link-State Routing Protocols -3

Ospf Link-State Routing Protocol

LSA Link-state Database

Link state protocols Bandwidth

Rip Hope count 64k

OSPF Area Structure

OSPF Router Types

: Internal routers-1 interfaces Area

Cost= 108/BW of interface

Cost=10000 0000/10000 000=10

:checksum-2 Checksum LSA Age

:Age-3 LSA 0 3600) 3600 ( LSA

Manet#show ip ospf database

Multiple instances of the same LSA

OSPF Packet Types -7

OSPF Packet Header Format

-1 > (config-if)# router-id <ip address !!!!

OSPF Network Types -8

HDLC & PPP DR or

Broadcast Multicast DR , BDR

Hello Packet IP Multicast 224.0.0.5

)Designated Routers (DR)& Backup Designated Routers(BDR

Hello Packet EIGRP

:Stub Area Flag Area interface Backbone Area

Exchanging and Synchronizing LSDBs

Interface Down , init , Two-Way

Discovering the Network Routes

Maintaining Routing Information

Configuring OSPF Routing -10

: area-id Area Area 0 Backbone

1- (config-if)# ip ospf cost <no.>

OSPF interface :show ip ospf interface

LSA OSPF Timer Router Id :show ip ospf

show ip ospf neighbor detail

: debug ip ospf events OSPF

OSPF Router Authentication

Troubleshooting Simple Password Authentication

Configuration OSPF on NBMA Networks -11

Point To Point BMA Configuration

configuring OSPF on this NBMA network

Hals's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

Vandyck's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0

Brueghel's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

configured as an OSPF broadcast network

Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

172.16.2.1 400 broadcast

Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

Priority 10 DR BMA NBMA

configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

Partial-mesh Or Star topology

Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

ip address 172.16.2.4 255.255.255.0

Point PVCs Point To Point NBMA

configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

Partial-mesh Or Star topology

Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.