HC VIN NNG NGHIP VIT NAM.

KHOA CNG NGH SINH HC

SEMINAR CHUYN

PHNG PHP G - BANDING

GVHD:

TS. Nguyn Hu c

Lp:
Nhm thc hin:

CNSHCK23
Nguyn Th Tm
Nguyn Th Hng
Phan Thanh Tng
Nguyn Th Hoa

NI DUNG
I: M U

II: TNG QUAN

III: KT LUN

M U
Nhim sc th (NST)

c th loi v s lng, hnh dng, kch

thc
ng vai tr quan trng trong di truyn cc
loi
L mt yu t quyt nh s tin ha hay
suy thoi ca cc loi
c rt nhiu nghin cu v NST
Mc ch: Lm r cu trc phn t, siu vi th, c
ch hot ng ca NST

Nhim sc th

 Phng php nhum NST:

Rt c in nhng rt hiu qu trong
nghin cu NST
Nghin cu kiu nhn ca mt loi no
Nghin cu di truyn t bo, chn on
bnh, phn loi hc, cng tc chn to
ging cy trng, vt nui

C rt nhiu k thut nhum

c s dng hin th NST, trong
:
G banding l k thut c s dng rng
ri nht phn tch NST, nh gi cc bt
thng ca NST v s lng v cu trc.
y l k thut nhum band NST bng
thuc nhum Giemsa, sau khi x l NST
bng Trypsin
Ngoi ra, cn c cc k thut khc nh: Qband, R-band, C-band

Cc mc phn gii
band trn NST (band G)

TNG QUAN

Cu trc v chc nng ca NST

NST c cu thnh bi DNA v
protein histon, hin din trong nhn
mi t bo ca c th v mang thng
tin di truyn cn thit cho s pht
trin ca t bo

S lng NST ca cc loi

Loi

NST (2n)

Ngi

46

Tinh tinh

48

Th

44

Chut nh

40

u vn

14

Lc to

16

Nm men bnh m

17

Nm mc xanh

 Nhim sc th tn ti trong
nhn t bo thnh tng cp
ng dng, trong :
Mt NST c ngun gc t b
Mt NST c ngun gc t m

Human Chromosomes
1-22: Cc cp NST thng
23: Cp NST gii tnh

Interphase v Metaphase
Interphase: L cc giai on ca chu k t
bo gm giai on G1, S v G2, lc ny
NST khng quan st c
K u

Metaphase: L mt giai on ca s phn

chia t bo, lc ny NST cun nhiu nht
v d phn bit nht

Tin k gia

K gia

K sau

K cui

Ti sao cc nh khoa hc phi

xem xt NST?
Cc nh khoa hc c th chn on hoc
d bo cc ri lon di truyn bng cch
quan st NST.
- Ri lon trc khi sinh
- Hi chng down
- Bnh bch cu

Mt s d thng trn NST

NST d thng c th l:
V s lng:
- a bi: 3n, 4n
- Thm hoc mt NST: th 2n-1, chng tam
bi (2n+1)
V cu trc: o on, mt on, lp
on

Mt s dng t bin NST

B NST ca bnh nhn Klinefelter

Cc trng hp nn phn tch NST

Sinh trng v pht trin giai on u

Cc vn v sinh sn
S hnh thnh khi u
S mang thai ph n ln tui

Cc nh khoa hc nhn bit NST

bng cch no?
C 3 c im nhn ra
s ging nhau v khc
nhau ca chng:
1. Kch thc: y l cch
d dng nht phn bit
2 NST khc nhau
2.S band: Kch thc
v v tr ca cc band
Giemsa trn NST to ra s
duy nht mi cp NST
3. V tr tm ng: Vng
tht eo trn NST

Cc kiu hnh NST

Tm ng chia NST lm 2 nhnh c
gi l nhnh ngn (p) v nhnh di (q)
Ty theo v tr ca tm ng trn NST m
chia thnh ba loi:
NST tm gia (metacentric): tm ng
nm gia, hai nhnh p v q tng i
bng nhau.
NST tm lch (submetacentric): tm ng
nm lch, skhc bit gia nhnh p v q
kh r.
NST tm u (acrocentric): NST nm
mt u ca NST. Cc NST tm u
thng c mang cc vtinh (sattelite) ni
vi tm ng bng cc cung.

S phn bng trn NST

NST c nhum vi nhiu loi thuc
nhum cho php pht hin cc on trn
NST
Hu ht cc phng php c th pht
hin 500 band/b n bi
Cc phng php c phn gii cao c
th pht hin 850 band/b n bi, iu
ny cho php pht hin ra cc mt on
nh

G - banding
Dye lm cho NST xut hin cc vt
bng, bi v n nhum cc vng DNA ti
v tr giu cc cp base adenine (A) v
thymine (T)

G - banding
Cc vng nhum c mu ti l vng ti
bn mun trong pha S ca chu trnh t
bo v cha nhiu cht nhim sc
Trong khi cc bng sng mu thng
c ti bn sm trong pha S, v c t
cht nhim sc hn.

Cc bt thng NST c th pht

hin bng bn nhn

Quy trnh tng qut

1. Chn lc t bo
2. Nui cy t bo
3. Dng s phn chia t bo giai on Metaphase (s
dng Colcemid mt cht c chc nng ph hy thoi v
sc ca t bo, c ch s nhn i ca centromere ca
NST lm t bo dng li giai on trung k)
4. X l t bo nhc trng
5. C nh t bo
6. Chun b lam knh
7. Lm kh lam knh
8. X l vi enzym
9. Nhum

 H thng t ng iu khin vic nhum, ra, khuy lc,

thi gian v nhit m x l mt nhm ln ti 24
slides theo mt quy trnh c ti u ha. H thng ny
gip gii phng thi gian k thut mt cch hp l bng
cch hn ch s dng nhng chai l, b nhum v a
nhum s dng theo phng php thng thng.