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Extended Cell Range (ERAN7.0 - 01)
Extended Cell Range (ERAN7.0 - 01)
01
Date
2014-04-26
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Website:
http://www.huawei.com
Email:
support@huawei.com
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Extended Cell Range Feature Parameter Description
Contents
Contents
1 About This Document..................................................................................................................1
1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Change History...............................................................................................................................................................2
1.4 Differences Between eNodeB Types..............................................................................................................................2
2 Overview.........................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................4
2.2 Benefits...........................................................................................................................................................................4
5 Network Impact.............................................................................................................................8
5.1 LBFD-002012 Cell Access Radius up to 15km.............................................................................................................8
5.2 LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius................................................................................................................8
6 Engineering Guidelines...............................................................................................................9
6.1 When to Use Extended Cell Range................................................................................................................................9
6.2 Required Information.....................................................................................................................................................9
6.3 Planning..........................................................................................................................................................................9
6.3.1 RF Planning.................................................................................................................................................................9
6.3.2 Network Planning......................................................................................................................................................10
6.3.3 Hardware Planning....................................................................................................................................................13
6.4 Deployment..................................................................................................................................................................13
6.4.1 Requirements.............................................................................................................................................................13
6.4.2 Data Preparation........................................................................................................................................................14
6.4.3 Precautions.................................................................................................................................................................17
6.4.4 Initial Configuration..................................................................................................................................................17
6.4.5 Activation Observation..............................................................................................................................................20
6.4.6 Reconfiguration.........................................................................................................................................................22
6.4.7 Deactivation...............................................................................................................................................................22
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Contents
7 Parameters.....................................................................................................................................24
8 Counters........................................................................................................................................25
9 Glossary.........................................................................................................................................26
10 Reference Documents...............................................................................................................27
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Extended Cell Range Feature Parameter Description
1.1 Scope
This document describes the extended cell range feature, including its technical principles,
related features, network impact, and engineering guidelines. This document covers the
following features:
l
Model
Macro
Any managed objects (MOs), parameters, alarms, or counters described herein correspond to
the software release delivered with this document. Any future updates will be described in the
product documentation delivered with future software releases.
This document applies only to LTE FDD. Any "LTE" in this document refers to LTE FDD, and
"eNodeB" refers to LTE FDD eNodeB.
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Extended Cell Range Feature Parameter Description
Feature change
Changes in features and parameters of a specified version as well as the affected entities
Editorial change
Changes in wording or addition of information and any related parameters affected by
editorial changes. Editorial change does not specify the affected entities.
eRAN7.0 01 (2014-04-26)
This issue does not include any changes.
Change Description
Paramete
r Change
Affected Entity
Feature
change
None
None
N/A
Editorial
change
None
N/A
Change Description
Parameter Change
Feature change
None
Editorial change
None
None
eRAN
Extended Cell Range Feature Parameter Description
2 Overview
Overview
Mobile communications networks now cover most inland areas in the world. Rural areas and
remote areas such as the sea, deserts, and grasslands, however, have a poor coverage because
site acquisition is difficult. It is difficult to construct sites on the sea, and deploying sites in
grasslands or deserts (traffic is light) will increase operators' investment but cannot provide new
revenue growth potential with operators.
Additionally, extended coverage in these areas will increase access delay and requires enhanced
coverage. In this situation, Huawei eNodeBs use the extended cell range feature.
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2 Overview
2.1 Introduction
Extended cell range helps operators to expand cell coverage to up to 100 km.
The features involved in extended cell range and their application scenarios are as follows:
l
LBFD-002012 Cell Access Radius up to 15km is used when the cell radius is no more than
15 km.
LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius is used when the cell radius ranges from 15
km to 100 km.
Extended cell range uses different random access preamble formats to adapt to different round
trip delays (RTDs). In this document, RTD is the round trip delay between an eNodeB and user
equipment (UE).
In a mobile communications system, a radio link has two directions: uplink and downlink. There
is an imbalance between uplink and downlink because they are different in other aspects such
as fading effect, transmit power, antenna gain, and receiver demodulation performance. As a
result, the transmission quality in the uplink is negatively affected in extended coverage.
Therefore, coverage enhancement is required to guarantee uplink coverage quality. For details,
see 4 Related Features.
2.2 Benefits
This feature increases cell coverage to meet communication requirements in rural areas and
remote areas such as the sea, deserts, and grasslands, and also decreases the costs to deploy sites
in such areas.
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In a random access procedure, the eNodeB uses the preamble sequence sent by the UE to estimate
the RTD. RTD increases with the cell radius and is calculated using the following formula:
Maximum RTD
(km)
(s)
103.1
R 14.5
96.7
684.4
R 77.3
515.6
203.1
R 29.5
196.8
684.4
R 100
666.7
LBFD-002012 Cell Access Radius up to 15km and LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius
use random access preamble formats 0 and 1-3, respectively. The random access preamble
format and cell radius are specified by parameters Cell.PreambleFmt and Cell.CellRadius
respectively. Operators can configure these parameters based on the cell coverage requirements.
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4 Related Features
Related Features
Impacted Features
None
Impacted Features
LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius requires a longer cell radius than macro cells. When
LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius is enabled, the following features can be used to
enhance the uplink coverage and improve the coverage quality:
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Extended Cell Range Feature Parameter Description
4 Related Features
NOTE
l For details about LOFD-001048 TTI bundling, see Scheduling Feature Parameter Description.
l For details about LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity, LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna
Receive Diversity, LOFD-070214 UL 8-Antenna Receive Diversity, and LOFD-001012 UL
Interference Rejection Combining, see MIMO Feature Parameter Description.
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Extended Cell Range Feature Parameter Description
5 Network Impact
Network Impact
Network Performance
No impact.
Network Performance
The impacts of this feature on the network are as follows:
l
Coverage
The coverage area can be extended to up to 100 km.
Network KPIs
The random access success rate in the coverage area increases.
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6 Engineering Guidelines
Engineering Guidelines
6.3 Planning
This section describes network planning related to extended cell range.
6.3.1 RF Planning
It is recommended that the following RF planning strategies be used to ensure better service
rates at the cell edge with extended cell range:
l
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6 Engineering Guidelines
in a cabinet, while RRUs are installed close to the antenna system. Logical modules inside
each RRU include a transmitter, power amplifiers (PAs), and a front receiver. The BBU
and RRUs are connected using fiber optic cables. Compared with macro eNodeBs,
distributed eNodeBs can reduce feeder cost and loss for the antenna system, obtain a gain
in the range of 2.5 to 3 dB, and increase cell coverage.
l
Using TMAs
Technically, a tower-mounted amplifier (TMA) is a low noise amplifier, which improves
the RX noise figure and RX sensitivity of the eNodeB. On a live network, TMAs are
installed near RX antennas to improve RX performance.
If the equipment room is far from the antenna tower, which can result in a feeder loss greater
than 2.2 dB, TMAs can be used to eliminate the impact of feeder loss on RX sensitivity.
However, the TMAs also bring an insertion loss of about 0.5 dB to the downlink compared
with a site without TMAs.
On a live network, the valid antenna altitude determines the cell coverage. Therefore, when
planning the antenna altitude, ensure that the target cell coverage is within line of sight (LOS)
areas. Otherwise, non line of sight (NLOS) areas may experience signal attenuation and poor
cell coverage due to the earth curvature.
For an antenna altitude planned above sea level, Huawei provides a segmentation model to
describe radio propagation over the sea, as shown in Figure 6-2.
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d: indicates path C on the sea, which is a shadow area with poor signal quality due to the
earth curvature, and therefore this path can be ignored during network planning
According to the Huawei segmentation model for radio propagation on the sea, Table 6-1 and
Table 6-2 list the path losses calculated based on the site altitudes, UE altitudes, and LOS
distances above sea level at a site with a center frequency of 800 MHz.
Table 6-1 Path losses calculated based on the site altitudes, UE altitudes (Hr = 2 m), and LOS
distances above sea level at a site with a center frequency of 800 MHz
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Ht (m)
d1 (km)
Path Loss
(dB)
d2 (km)
d1+d2 (km)
Path Loss
(dB)
50
29.2
134.4
5.8
35.0
142.9
60
31.9
135.6
5.8
37.8
143.8
70
34.5
136.6
5.8
40.3
144.7
80
36.9
137.5
5.8
42.7
145.4
90
39.1
138.3
5.8
44.9
146.1
100
41.2
139.0
5.8
47.1
146.7
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Ht (m)
d1 (km)
Path Loss
(dB)
d2 (km)
d1+d2 (km)
Path Loss
(dB)
200
58.3
143.5
5.8
64.1
150.7
300
71.4
146.1
5.8
77.2
153.2
400
82.5
148.0
5.8
88.3
154.9
500
92.2
149.4
5.8
98.0
156.3
Table 6-2 Path losses calculated based on the site altitudes, UE altitudes (Hr = 10 m), and LOS
distances above sea level at a site with a center frequency of 800 MHz
Ht (m)
d1 (km)
Path Loss
(dB)
d2 (km)
d1+d2 (km)
Path Loss
(dB)
50
29.2
134.4
13.0
42.2
145.3
60
31.9
135.6
13.0
45.0
146.1
70
34.5
136.6
13.0
47.5
146.8
80
36.9
137.5
13.0
49.9
147.5
90
39.1
138.3
13.0
52.2
148.0
100
41.2
139.0
13.0
54.3
148.6
200
58.3
143.5
13.0
71.3
152.1
300
71.4
146.1
13.0
84.5
154.3
400
82.5
148.0
13.0
95.5
155.9
500
92.2
149.4
13.0
105.2
157.2
When deploying extended cell range on the sea, calculate the antenna altitude based on the LOS
distances (d1 + d2) as shown in Figure 6-2 and listed in Table 6-1 and Table 6-2. When
deploying extended cell range in deserts or on grasslands, calculate the antenna altitude based
on the LOS distance d1 as listed in Table 6-1 and Table 6-2.
If the antenna altitude of a site is excessively high, the antennas may receive microwave signals
from vast areas, which results in interference to radio signals at the site. Therefore, calculate the
antenna altitude at an allowable height based on the distance between the site and the target cell
coverage, meeting requirements for deploying extended cell range on the sea.
Site Acquisition
The deployment of extended cell range requires good radio environment. Therefore, the
following requirements must be met for site acquisition:
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There are no obvious obstacles in the target area to be covered by the eNodeB. LOS areas
are preferred.
On the sea, the antennas are highly mounted to resist the impact of earth curvature.
However, this action may also create coverage holes for areas near the antennas. In this
scenario, the antennas with zero point suppression must be chosen to mitigate the coverage
holes. In addition, antennas with smaller surface area are recommended to resist the ocean
wind, which also reduces the wind resistance on the tower or pole where the antennas are
mounted.
In open areas, vertically polarized antennas are preferred. If wider cell coverage is required,
vertically polarized antennas are recommended.
Non-RET antennas can be used for normal scenarios that do not require tilt adjustment. At
a site with an ultra high altitude, antenna tilts can be adjusted electrically or mechanically
to ensure cell coverage for both remote areas and local areas. RET is short for remote
electrical tilt.
6.4 Deployment
6.4.1 Requirements
Operating Environment
Extended cell range applies only to 3900 series base stations.
Transmission Networking
N/A
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License
The operator has purchased and activated the license for the feature listed in Table 6-3. For
details about how to activate a license, see License Management Feature Parameter
Description.
Table 6-3 License information for extended cell range
Feature ID
Feature Name
License
Control Item
NE
Sales Unit
LOFD-001009
Extended Cell
Access Radius
Extended Cell
Access Radius
(per Cell)(FDD)
eNodeB
per cell
Network plan (negotiation required): parameter values planned by the operator and
negotiated with the evolved packet core (EPC) or peer transmission equipment
Network plan (negotiation not required): parameter values planned and set by the operator
Required Data
N/A
Scenario-specific Data
Scenario 1: Low Speed Cell
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Paramet
er Name
Parameter
ID
Data Source
Setting Notes
Preamble
format
Cell.
PreambleFmt
Network plan
(negotiation
not required)
Cell
radius
Cell.
CellRadius
Network plan
(negotiation
not required)
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Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Data Source
Setting Notes
Preamble format
Cell.PreambleFmt
Network plan
(negotiation not
required)
Adhere to the
following principles
when setting this
parameter:
l If
Cell.CellRadius
is less than or
equal to 14500,
Cell.PreambleF
mt should range
from 0 to 3.
l If
Cell.CellRadius
is in the interval
(14500, 29500],
Cell.PreambleF
mt should range
from 1 to 3.
l If
Cell.CellRadius
is in the interval
(29500, 77300],
Cell.PreambleF
mt should be 1 or
3.
l If
Cell.CellRadius
is in the interval
(77300, 100000],
Cell.
PreambleFmt
should be 3.
Set this parameter
based on the
value of the
Cell.CellRadius
parameter. For
details, see 3
Random Access
Preamble
Format.
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Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Data Source
Setting Notes
Cell radius
Cell.CellRadius
Network plan
(negotiation not
required)
For details about the cell speed flag and other related parameters, see High Speed Mobility
Feature Parameter Description.
6.4.3 Precautions
The value of the Cell.CellRadius parameter must be greater than or equal to the actual cell radius.
Otherwise, UEs at the cell edge may fail to access the network. The configuration of the random
access preamble format complies with the mapping between the random access preamble formats
and cell radiuses listed in Table 3-1.
Sheet in the
Summary Data
File
Parameter Group
Remarks
Cell
PreambleFmt, Cell
radius
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Step 1 Choose CME > Advanced > Customize Summary Data File (U2000 client mode), or choose
Advanced > Customize Summary Data File (U2000 client mode), to customize a summary
data file for batch reconfiguration.
NOTE
Step 2 Choose CME > LTE Application > Export Data > Export Base Station Bulk Configuration
Data (U2000 client mode), or choose LTE Application > Export Data > Export Base Station
Bulk Configuration Data (CME client mode), to export the eNodeB data stored on the CME
into the customized summary data file.
Step 3 In the summary data file, set the parameters in the MOs listed in Figure 6-3 and close the file.
Step 4 Choose CME > LTE Application > Import Data > Import Base Station Bulk Configuration
Data (U2000 client mode), or choose LTE Application > Import Data > Import Base Station
Bulk Configuration Data (CME client mode), to import the summary data file into the CME.
Step 5 Choose CME > Planned Area > Export Incremental Scripts (U2000 client mode), or choose
Area Management > Planned Area > Export Incremental Scripts (CME client mode), to
export and activate the incremental scripts.
----End
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NOTE
l To view descriptions of the parameters in the MO, click in area 4 and press F1.
l Area 5 displays the details of a selected area-4 entry in vertical format. Click the "Details" button to
show or hide this area.
Step 3 On the Search tab page in area 2, enter an MO name, for example, CELL.
Step 4 In area 3, double-click the MO in the Object Name column. All parameters in this MO are
displayed in area 4.
Step 5 Set the parameters in area 4 or 5.
Step 6 Choose CME > Planned Area > Export Incremental Scripts, or choose Area Management
> Planned Area > Export Incremental Scripts, to export and activate the incremental scripts.
----End
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----End
l
21
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l If this value equals that obtained in Step 2 minus 1, the feature had already been activated
before you modified Cell.CellRadius. Write down this value and proceed to the next step.
Step 5 On the U2000, run the MOD CELL command with Cell.CellRadius set to the value obtained
in Step 1.
Step 6 Run the DSP CELL command and verify that the cell has been successfully activated. Run the
DSP LICINFO command and check the value of Actual Used corresponding to Extended Cell
Access Radius(per Cell)(FDD). If this value equals that obtained in Step 4 plus 1, the feature
has already been activated.
----End
6.4.6 Reconfiguration
N/A
6.4.7 Deactivation
Using the CME to Perform Batch Configuration
Batch reconfiguration using the CME is the recommended method to deactivate a feature on
eNodeBs. This method reconfigures all data, except neighbor relationships, for multiple
eNodeBs in a single procedure. The procedure for feature deactivation is similar to that for
feature activation described in Using the CME to Perform Batch Configuration for Existing
eNodeBs. In the procedure, modify parameters according to Table 6-5.
Table 6-5 Parameters for deactivating Extended Cell Access Radius
MO
Sheet in the
Summary Data
File
Parameter Group
Setting Notes
Cell
Cell radius
Set the
Cell.CellRadius
parameter to a value
less than 15000.
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6.7 Troubleshooting
Fault Description
UEs cannot access a cell configured with preamble format 3.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Run the LST CELL command to check whether the value of Cell radius(m) is equal to or
greater than the required cell radius. Change the value to an appropriate one if it is smaller than
the actual cell radius.
Step 2 If the fault persists, contact Huawei engineers.
----End
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7 Parameters
Parameters
Parame
ter ID
MML
Comma
nd
Feature
ID
Feature
Name
Description
Cell
Preambl
eFmt
ADD
CELL
LBFD-0
02010 /
TDLBF
D-00201
0
Random
Access
Procedu
re
MOD
CELL
LST
CELL
Cell
CellRadi
us
ADD
CELL
MOD
CELL
LST
CELL
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LBFD-0
02010 /
TDLBF
D-00201
0
Random
Access
Procedu
re
24
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8 Counters
Counters
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9 Glossary
Glossary
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10
10 Reference Documents
Reference Documents
1.
3GPP TS 36.201, "Long Term Evolution (LTE) physical layer; General description"
2.
3.
4.
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