92015 Collection of Sched Problems in Physics A pulley system Task number 508 A bucket with mass m and a block with mass m, are hung on a pulley system, Find the magnitude of the acceleration with which the bucket and the block are moving and the magnitude of the tension force T by which the rope is stressed, Ignore the masses of the pulley system and the rope. The bucket moves up and the block moves down. “EE U- Hint 1 - the forces in the pulley system and the force equations Figure out which forces affect the bucket and the block. Draw a picture. Write down the force equations for the bucket and the block. Solution to Hint 1 - the forces in the pulley system and the force equations htpphypestass.eulloha phe ?ulha=50892015 Collection of Shed Problems in Pysics Forces that affect the bucket my: + F @y...weight + T...tension force by which the rope affects the bucket Forces that affect the block m): > F ,...weight + T 1...tension force by which the rope affects the block + T'nt..tension force by which the rope affects the block The vector force equation for the bucket: > > 5 Foat+T =mar (1) The vector force equation for the block: > o> So 5 FoatTi+Tusmay (2) Hint 2 - the scalar force equations, tension forces Choose a suitable coordinate system and rewrite the force equations to scalar form. Decide what relations will hold for the magnitude of the tension forces T, T’ and T”. Solution to Hint 2 - the scalar motion equation, tension forces hepsphyscstasis.eulloha php ?uldha=50892015 Collection of Soked Problems in Pysics We choose the y-axis the way it is marked on the picture, We rewrite equations (1) and (2) to scalar form: T — Fox = ma (3) Fe — TT = mya, (4) Because we leave the mass of the pulley system and the rope out of account they have no moment of inertia and don’t affect the tension forces. The following holds for the magnitude of the tension forces: > o> |P \=|P \=|T on We rewrite equations (3) and (4): T — Fez =maa2 (5) Fey - 27 =may (6) 3 - acceleration Decide what the magnitude of the acceleration a will be in relation to a. Imagine that the bucket goes up a distance s what distance does the block go down? Solution to Hint 3 - acceleration Relation between the magnitudes of acceleration a) and ay: hepsphyscstasis.eulloha php ?uldha=50892015 Collection of Soked Problems in Pysics If the bucket goes up a distance s, the block goes down a distance 4. 1 saat? s 1, Za yut We divide the first equation by the second equation, yielding: 2-2 a a2 = 2a, (7) Equation (5) and equation (6) can be written as: T — mag =m,2a, (8) mig — 2T = may (9) hepsphyscstasis.eulloha php ?uldha=50892015 Collection of Sched Problems in Physics Hint 4 - the magnitude of the acceleration, the force T We have two equations (8) and (9) in two variables T and a). Solve these equations and from equation (7) determine the magnitude of the acceleration ap, Solution to Hint 4 - the magnitude of the acceleration, the force T We have two equations (8) and (9) in two variables T and a). From them we can determine the magnitude of the acceleration a, and the force T. We multiply equation (8) by 2 and add both equations up: mig — 2m2g = miai + dma (m1 — 2mz)g = (mm + 4mz)ar (mma = 2m2)9 0 FA 09) According to equation (7): 2me)g _ (2m ~ 4me2)g m+4m, om (u) az = 2a; =2 4m ‘The magnitude of the tension force T'is given for example by equation (8) T = mag =m22a, 2(m ~ 2ma)g T = m2 =m, ma2ay + may = ma—— + mag (mam, — (2mm — 4m} + m2(m + 4m2))g + mg = esS—S—__ my + 4g my + Ams (2mami — 4m5 + mam +4m5)g __ 3mamig mi + 4m om + 4a 3mamig (12) COPLETE SOLUTION Draw all the forces which affect the bucket and the block in the picture. Write the force equations for them, htpphypestass.eulloha phe ?ulha=50892015 Collection of Shed Problems in Pysics Forces that affect the bucket my: + F @y...weight + T...tension force by which the rope affects the bucket Forces that affect the block m): > F ,...weight + T 1...tension force by which the rope affects the block + T Mt..tension force by which the rope affects the block The vector force equation for the bucket: > 3 Fo+T =m ay @ The vector force equation for the block: > > So > FoatTi+Tu=may (2) We choose the y-axis the way it is marked on the picture. hepsphyscstasis.eulloha php ?uldha=50892015 Collection of Soked Problems in Pysics We rewrite equations (1) and (2) to scalar form: T — Fen =mzay (3) Fo: —T1—-Tn=may (4) Because we leave the mass of the pulley system and the rope out of account they have no moment of inertia and don’t affect the tension forces. The following holds for the magnitude of the tension forces: iP |= |P|=|0'm We rewrite equations (3) and (4): T — Feo = maz (5) Fo, - 2T =may (6) Relation between the magnitudes of acceleration a and ay hepsphyscstasis.eulloha php ?uldha=508 79.92015 Collection of Soked Problems in Pysics If the bucket goes up a distance s, the block goes down a distance 4. 1 s= pat gat We divide the first equation by the second equation, yielding: 2-2 a a2 = 2a, (7) Equation (5) and equation (6) can be written as: T — mag =m22a, (8) mig — 2T = may (9) We have two equations (8) and (9) in two variables T and ay. From them we can hepsphyscstasis.eulloha php ?uldha=508an20%5 Collection of Sohed Problems in Physics determine the magnitude of the acceleration a, and the force 7. We multiply equation (8) by 2 and add both equations up: myg — 2meg = mya; + 42a, (my — 2mp)g = (mi + 4mz)ar -2 ay = Om 2ma)a (10) According to equation (7): 2m: my — Am: ay = 2a, = 9 = 2ma)g _ (2mm ~ 4ma)g (11) m, +4m2 m, +4m2 The magnitude of the tension force T is given for example by equation (8): T = may =mp2a1 2(m — 2m2)g T= mo2 —_— ma2a; + mag = ma—— + mag r 2(mam1 — 2m3)g (2mm, — 4m + m2(mi + 4m2))g ~~ Gm dm, * 9 my + dina (2mam, — 4m + mami +4m3)g _ 3mamig m, + 4mz my + 4mz p— 3mm (12) my + 4m2 COMPLETE ANSWER ‘The magnitude of the acceleration with which the block moves The magnitude of the acceleration with which the bucket moves is (2m,—trea)9 2 = 2a = ame ‘The magnitude of the tension force T which affects the rope is T htpphypestass.eulloha php ?ulha=S08